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TRANSCRIPT
Renovation of Seoul Bus System
Nov. 15, 2004
Seong-Kil Cho
Professor
Department of Geoinformatics
The University of Seoul
Republic of Korea
Ren
ovat
ion
ofB
us sy
stem
in
Seo
ul
Ren
ovat
ion
ofR
enov
atio
n of
Bus
syst
em
Bus
syst
em
in S
eoul
in S
eoul
Seou
l Met
ropo
litan
Gov
ernm
ent
Seou
l Met
ropo
litan
Gov
ernm
ent
Tab
le o
f Con
tent
sT
able
of C
onte
nts
Ⅰ.
Tra
ffic
Con
ditio
ns a
nd P
robl
ems i
n Se
oul
Ⅱ.
Stra
tegi
es fo
r So
lvin
g Pr
oble
ms
Ⅲ.
Ren
ovat
ion
of S
eoul
Bus
Sys
tem
: A
ctio
n
Ⅳ.
Aft
er J
uly
1st:
Pre
limin
ary
Res
ults
Ⅴ.
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Dem
and
Man
agem
ent
VI.
Vis
ions
for
Seou
l’s F
utur
e T
rans
port
atio
n
Tra
ffic
Con
ditio
ns in
Seo
ulT
raff
ic C
ondi
tions
in S
eoul
ⅠⅠ
SEOUL
Seoul
Incheon
Kangw
on-do
Chungcheong
nam
-do
Daeje
on
Chungcheong
buk-do
Kyungsang
buk-do
Kyungsang
nam
-doDaegu
Uls
an
Busan
Jeolla
nam
-doJeolla
buk-do
Gw
angju
Gyeonggi-
do
Jeju
-do
Seo
ulM
etro
polit
anA
rea
□Po
pula
tion
: 2 ti
mes
1970
: 5.
4 M
illio
n
2003
: 10
.4 M
illio
n
□Po
pula
tion
: 2 ti
mes
1970
: 5.
4 M
illio
n
2003
: 10
.4 M
illio
n
□R
egis
tere
d ve
hicl
es :
46 ti
mes
1970
: 60
Tho
usan
ds
2003
: 2,
782
Tho
usan
ds
□R
egis
tere
d ve
hicl
es :
46 ti
mes
1970
: 60
Tho
usan
ds
2003
: 2,
782
Tho
usan
ds
Reg
iste
red
vehi
cles
in S
eoul
0
500
1,00
0
1,50
0
2,00
0
2,50
0
3,00
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Yea
r
Thousands
Popu
latio
n of
Seo
ul
0
2,00
0
4,00
0
6,00
0
8,00
0
10,0
00
12,0
00
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Yea
r
Thousands
□C
hang
e of
Mod
e sh
are
(199
0 to
200
0)-T
otal
traf
fic :
24.7
to 2
8 (m
illio
n/da
y)
-Met
ro: 1
9% to
40%
-B
us: 4
3% to
32%
-C
ars:
14%
to22
%
□C
hang
e of
Mod
e sh
are
(199
0 to
200
0)-T
otal
traf
fic :
24.7
to 2
8 (m
illio
n/da
y)
-Met
ro: 1
9% to
40%
-B
us: 4
3% to
32%
-C
ars:
14%
to22
%
0%10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Bus
Met
roC
ars
Tax
iO
ther
s
□B
uses
’ave
rage
ope
ratin
g sp
eed
is sl
ower
than
that
of p
asse
nger
car
s:▷
Bus
es:1
8.9㎞
/hr
▷Pa
ssen
ger
cars
: 20.
2㎞/h
r
□T
he d
aily
traf
fic v
olum
e pa
ssin
g ac
ross
the
bord
er o
f Se
oul
▷2.
68 M
veh
/day
(199
6)
→3.
15 M
veh
/day
(200
3)
□Su
bway
: 10
yea
rs’p
lan,
130
bill
ion
won
inve
stm
ent :
▷m
odal
shar
e ha
s not
incr
ease
d si
gnifi
cant
ly
□N
umbe
r of
bus
es :
5,00
0 (1
976)
to 8
,499
(200
2)
□B
us p
asse
nger
s : 5
.7 m
illio
ns (1
976)
to 4
.2 m
illio
ns p
er d
ay (2
002)
□H
ighe
st n
umbe
r of
bus
pas
seng
ers :
8.9
mill
ions
per
day
(198
3)
□N
umbe
r of
bus
es :
5,00
0 (1
976)
to 8
,499
(200
2)
□B
us p
asse
nger
s : 5
.7 m
illio
ns (1
976)
to 4
.2 m
illio
ns p
er d
ay (2
002)
□H
ighe
st n
umbe
r of
bus
pas
seng
ers :
8.9
mill
ions
per
day
(198
3)
0
1,00
0
2,00
0
3,00
0
4,00
0
5,00
0
6,00
0
7,00
0
8,00
0
9,00
0
10,0
00
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
Yea
r
Num
ber
of b
us
0
1,00
0
2,00
0
3,00
0
4,00
0
5,00
0
6,00
0
7,00
0
8,00
0
9,00
0
10,0
00
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
Yea
r
Thousands
thou
sand
pas
seng
ers/
day
Incr
easi
ng v
ehic
les
Incr
easi
ng v
ehic
les
Inef
ficie
nt b
us
man
agem
ent s
yste
mIn
effic
ient
bus
m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
Lim
ited
road
cap
acity
→co
nges
tion
Lim
ited
road
cap
acity
→co
nges
tion
Con
tinuo
us in
crea
se o
f car
use
Dec
reas
e of
bus
use
rsA
bolit
ion
of b
us se
rvic
eB
ankr
upts
of b
us c
ompa
ny
Con
tinuo
us in
crea
se o
f car
use
Dec
reas
e of
bus
use
rsA
bolit
ion
of b
us se
rvic
eB
ankr
upts
of b
us c
ompa
ny
Poor
pun
ctua
lity
Poor
rel
iabi
lity
Slow
spee
d
Poor
pun
ctua
lity
Poor
rel
iabi
lity
Slow
spee
d
stre
ss o
n dr
iver
from
traf
fic c
onge
stio
nun
frie
ndly
to p
asse
nger
, an
d ca
usin
g ac
cide
nt
stre
ss o
n dr
iver
from
traf
fic c
onge
stio
nun
frie
ndly
to p
asse
nger
, an
d ca
usin
g ac
cide
nt
no o
ther
opt
ions
exc
ept
peri
odic
fare
rai
sing
Wor
sen
bus o
pera
ting
cond
ition
s
Ass
orte
d bu
s pri
ority
po
licie
s(b
us la
ne &
subs
idie
s)
abol
ition
of r
oute
,red
uced
ope
ratio
n,pe
riod
ic in
crea
se o
f far
e la
bor
disp
ute
→in
conv
enie
nce
for
citiz
en
Stra
tegi
es f
or S
olvi
ng
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Pro
blem
sSt
rate
gies
for
Sol
ving
T
rans
port
atio
n P
robl
ems
ⅡⅡ
□K
ey fo
r So
lvin
g T
rans
port
atio
n Pr
oble
ms
□K
ey fo
r So
lvin
g T
rans
port
atio
n Pr
oble
ms
“Pol
icy
shift
from
mer
ely
mee
ting
the
tran
spor
tatio
n de
man
d to
act
ivel
y m
anag
ing
it”
“Pol
icy
shift
from
mer
ely
mee
ting
the
tran
spor
tatio
n de
man
d to
act
ivel
y m
anag
ing
it”
Con
curr
ent a
pplic
atio
nPu
blic
tran
spor
t reo
rgan
izat
ion
Pass
enge
r ca
r us
e re
stri
ctin
g po
licie
s
Con
curr
ent a
pplic
atio
nPu
blic
tran
spor
t reo
rgan
izat
ion
Pass
enge
r ca
r us
e re
stri
ctin
g po
licie
s
Ren
ovat
ion
of S
eoul
Bus
Sys
tem
:
Act
ion
Ren
ovat
ion
of S
eoul
Bus
Sys
tem
:
Act
ion
ⅢⅢ
Aim
of S
eoul
Bus
Ref
orm
Pro
gram
Red
ucin
g C
ar tr
affic
by
reno
vatio
n of
bus
syst
emR
educ
ing
Car
traf
fic b
y re
nova
tion
of b
us sy
stem
Rou
tes
Med
ian
bus l
anes
100%
use
of R
F bu
s car
dB
us In
form
atio
n Sy
stem
Eas
y T
rans
fer
Incr
ease
bus
spee
dE
asy
for
use
Frie
ndly
bus
prov
ing
info
rmat
ion
incr
ease
of
bus u
sers
Red
uctio
n of
ca
r tr
affic
Ren
ovat
ion
ofbu
s sys
tem
Ren
ovat
ion
ofbu
s sys
tem
Impr
ovem
ent o
f B
us se
rvic
eIm
prov
emen
t of
Bus
serv
ice
Vita
lizat
ion
of
Bus
indu
stry
Vita
lizat
ion
of
Bus
indu
stry
New
Ope
ratio
n Sy
stem
New
Ope
ratio
n Sy
stem
1) T
runk
and
Fee
der L
ines
2)
New
bus
bus
ines
s sch
eme
1) T
runk
and
Fee
der L
ines
2)
New
bus
bus
ines
s sch
eme
Supp
ort S
yste
mSu
ppor
t Sys
tem
3) M
edia
n ex
clus
ive
bus l
anes
4) C
urbs
ide
bus l
anes
5) C
entra
l Bus
Man
agem
ent s
yste
m6)
Tra
nsfe
r sys
tem
7) N
ew tr
ansp
orta
tion
card
8) H
igh
qual
ity b
uses
9) D
ista
nce-
base
d fa
re sy
stem
10) G
arag
es/b
us st
opsr
enew
al11
) Attr
actin
g pa
ssen
gers
fo
r sub
way
s12
) Pas
seng
er c
ar m
anag
emen
t13
) Im
prov
ing
road
s’ca
pabi
lity
3) M
edia
n ex
clus
ive
bus l
anes
4) C
urbs
ide
bus l
anes
5) C
entra
l Bus
Man
agem
ent s
yste
m6)
Tra
nsfe
r sys
tem
7) N
ew tr
ansp
orta
tion
card
8) H
igh
qual
ity b
uses
9) D
ista
nce-
base
d fa
re sy
stem
10) G
arag
es/b
us st
opsr
enew
al11
) Attr
actin
g pa
ssen
gers
fo
r sub
way
s12
) Pas
seng
er c
ar m
anag
emen
t13
) Im
prov
ing
road
s’ca
pabi
lity
New
bus
Sys
tem
(on
July
1)
New
bus
Sys
tem
(on
July
1)
Publ
icity
Publ
icity
14) P
ublic
ity15
) Int
erne
t Hom
epag
e
14) P
ublic
ity15
) Int
erne
t Hom
epag
e
Bus
Man
agem
ent C
ente
rB
us M
anag
emen
t Cen
ter
16) T
MC
17) O
pera
tion
mon
itorin
g
16) T
MC
17) O
pera
tion
mon
itorin
g
BM
SN
ew tr
ansp
orta
tion
car
d sy
stem
Spee
d an
alys
is fo
r bus
es/
pass
enge
r car
sFi
eld
inve
stig
atio
n C
usto
mer
s’re
ports
/su
gges
tions
Pe
riodi
cal a
naly
sis -
> pr
ess r
elea
se
BM
SN
ew tr
ansp
orta
tion
car
d sy
stem
Spee
d an
alys
is fo
r bus
es/
pass
enge
r car
sFi
eld
inve
stig
atio
n C
usto
mer
s’re
ports
/su
gges
tions
Pe
riodi
cal a
naly
sis -
> pr
ess r
elea
se
Mon
itori
ng/
Cou
nter
mea
sure
sM
onito
ring
/ C
ount
er m
easu
res
Stab
ilizi
ng th
e sy
stem
ASA
PSt
abili
zing
the
syst
em A
SAP
□T
runk
Lin
es a
nd F
eede
r L
ines
■T
runk
line
s
: dire
ct c
onne
ctio
n be
twee
n th
e su
burb
s and
dow
ntow
n ar
ea,
betw
een
the
dow
ntow
n ar
eas
■Fe
eder
line
s
: Lin
king
to tr
unk
line
stop
s/su
bway
stat
ions
for e
asy
trans
fer,
pro
vidi
ng p
ublic
trans
porta
tion
for l
ocal
dem
and
1.R
eorg
aniz
atio
n of
Bus
Ser
vice
Lin
es a
nd
Ope
ratio
n Sy
stem
□T
runk
Lin
e A
xes
□T
runk
Lin
e A
xes
■18
Axe
s
Pass
enge
rs
: 2,3
00 tr
ips/
hr o
r mor
e
Bus
es
: 120
bus
es/h
r or m
ore
Arte
rial T
ype
: 6 la
nes o
r mor
e
Com
plem
enta
ry w
ith
subw
ays
Pass
enge
rs
: 2,3
00 tr
ips/
hr o
r mor
e
Bus
es
: 120
bus
es/h
r or m
ore
Arte
rial T
ype
: 6 la
nes o
r mor
e
Com
plem
enta
ry w
ith
subw
ays
□T
runk
Lin
e N
etw
ork
18 A
xes,
90 L
ines
, 2,8
43 B
uses
▷
Rea
ligni
ng O
verl
appi
ng L
ines
: 45
▷
Stra
ight
enin
g cu
rved
line
s : 2
0
▷R
ealig
ning
bus
line
s com
petin
g w
ith su
bway
s : 5
▷N
ew L
ines
: 20
□T
runk
Fee
der
Lin
es:
285
lines
▷T
runk
Lin
e su
pple
men
tary
line
s : 6
9
▷L
ines
cha
nged
to e
nhan
ce th
e co
nven
ienc
e of
bus
use
rs :
32
▷N
ew L
ines
: 48
-Exp
and
serv
ice
rout
es in
are
as w
ith c
oncu
rren
tly p
oor
bus s
ervi
ces
▷U
ncha
nged
Exi
stin
g L
ines
: 13
6
Feed
erlin
esFe
eder
lines
Cir
cula
r lin
esC
ircu
lar
lines
Wid
e ar
ea
lines
Wid
e ar
ea
lines
Tru
nklin
esT
runk
lines
feed
er to
trun
k lin
es a
nd su
bway
sM
eetin
g lo
cal t
raff
ic d
eman
dfe
eder
to tr
unk
lines
and
subw
ays
Mee
ting
loca
l tra
ffic
dem
and
Loca
l lin
es w
ithin
the
dow
ntow
n ar
eaSe
rvin
g fo
r bus
ines
s and
shop
ping
trip
sLo
cal l
ines
with
in th
e do
wnt
own
area
Serv
ing
for b
usin
ess a
nd sh
oppi
ng tr
ips
Expr
ess c
onne
ctio
n be
twee
n sa
telli
te c
ities
and
dow
ntow
n ar
eaA
bsor
bing
pas
seng
er c
ar c
omm
uter
s
Expr
ess c
onne
ctio
n be
twee
n sa
telli
te c
ities
and
dow
ntow
n ar
eaA
bsor
bing
pas
seng
er c
ar c
omm
uter
s
Reg
iona
l con
nect
ion
betw
een
subu
rbs a
nd
dow
ntow
n ar
ea
Ensu
ring
oper
atio
n sp
eed
and
punc
tual
ity
Reg
iona
l con
nect
ion
betw
een
subu
rbs a
nd
dow
ntow
n ar
ea
Ensu
ring
oper
atio
n sp
eed
and
punc
tual
ity
Gre
enbu
sG
reen
bus
Yel
low
bu
sY
ello
w
bus
Red bu
s
Red bu
s
Blu
ebu
sB
lue
bus
□O
pera
tion
of 4
-typ
es o
f B
uses
: Tru
nk L
ines
·Fe
eder
Lin
es ·
Cir
cula
r ·W
ide
Are
a□
Ope
ratio
n of
4-t
ypes
of
Bus
es: T
runk
Lin
es ·
Feed
er L
ines
·C
ircu
lar
·Wid
e A
rea
●Cate
goriza
tion
0 S
ection : Jongno, Ju
nggu, Yongsan
1 S
ection : D
obong, Gangbuk, Seongbuk, Now
eon
2 S
ection : D
ongdaem
un, Ju
ngnang, Seongdong,
Gw
angjin
3 S
ection : G
angdong, Songpa
4 S
ection : S
eocho, Gangnam
5 S
ection : D
ongja
k, Gw
anak, Geum
cheon
6 S
ection : G
angseo, Yancheon, Guro
,
Yeongdeungpo
7 S
ection : E
unpye
ong, M
apo, Seodaem
un
※Gye
onggiPro
vin
ce is d
ivid
ed into
anoth
er
7
sections
□N
umbe
r Sy
stem
of R
oute
s Bus
es
Giv
e 2~
4 di
git n
umbe
rs in
dica
ting
the
Plac
e of
dep
artu
re a
ndar
rival
of e
ach
bus r
oute
Giv
e 2~
4 di
git n
umbe
rs in
dica
ting
the
Plac
e of
dep
artu
re a
ndG
ive
2~4
digi
t num
bers
indi
catin
g th
e Pl
ace
of d
epar
ture
and
arriv
al o
f eac
h bu
s rou
tear
rival
of e
ach
bus r
oute
Blu
e B
us
Depart
ure
: S
ection 1
Arr
ival : Section 0
, S
eri
al No. : 1
Blu
e B
us
Blu
e B
us
Depart
ure
: S
ection 1
Arr
ival : Section 0
, S
eri
al No. : 1
Yello
w B
us
Circula
tion : S
ection 4
Serial No. : 1
Yello
w B
us
Yello
w B
us
Circula
tion : S
ection 4
Serial No. : 1
444111
Gre
en B
us
Depart
ure
: S
ection 1
Arr
ival : Section 0
, Seri
al No. : 12
Gre
en B
us
Gre
en B
us
Depart
ure
: S
ection 1
Arr
ival : Section 0
, Seri
al No. : 12
Red B
us
Depart
ure
: Eu
ijeongbu, Gyr
onggi
Arr
ival:
Seoul,
Seri
al No. : 12
Red B
us
Red B
us
Depart
ure
: Eu
ijeongbu, Gyr
onggi
Arr
ival:
Seoul,
Seri
al No. : 12
999111
111222
□E
xam
ple
111000
111222
111000
111
□R
eorg
aniz
atio
n of
the
Bus
Sys
tem
by
Intr
oduc
ing
the
Sem
i-pub
lic O
pera
tion(
SPO
) Sys
tem
■Pr
ofit-
focu
sed
oper
atio
n of
pri
vate
com
pani
es r
esul
ted
in p
oor
qual
ity se
rvic
es, a
nd in
habi
ted
publ
ic tr
ansp
orta
tions
from
serv
ing
publ
ic in
tere
sts
■V
ia S
PO sy
stem
, the
city
can
dec
ide
rout
es in
the
way
that
mee
ts
bus u
sers
’dem
and
and
bus c
ompa
nies
can
con
cent
rate
on
serv
ice
impr
ovem
ent
▷Se
mi-p
ublic
Ope
ratio
n =
Publ
ic m
anag
emen
t + P
riva
te o
pera
tion
+ Pu
blic
faci
litie
s
■E
stab
lishm
ent o
f Pri
vate
ly o
wne
d Se
lf M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
▷L
ines
: Se
lf M
anag
emen
t bod
y re
pres
entin
g th
e C
ity a
nd p
riva
te b
us
com
pani
es c
hang
e an
d ad
just
bus
line
s reg
ular
ly b
ased
on
publ
ic d
eman
d
▷O
pera
tion
: Fle
xibl
e m
anag
emen
t of v
ehic
le d
ispa
tchi
ng in
terv
al a
nd
oper
atio
n ho
urs
▷E
valu
atio
n : E
valu
ate
qual
ity o
f ser
vice
and
oth
er o
pera
tion
requ
irem
ents
on
a re
gula
r ba
sis
■T
rans
form
Rev
enue
Str
uctu
re b
ased
on
perf
orm
ance
(veh
-km
)
▷Se
cure
stab
ility
by
ensu
ring
cer
tain
am
ount
of r
even
ue if
the
bus
mee
ts ta
rget
per
form
ance
▷Sh
ift th
e re
venu
e st
ruct
ure
from
num
ber
of p
asse
nger
s to
tota
l
dist
ance
run
by
the
bus (
veh-
km)
□Jo
int M
anag
emen
t of R
even
ues
■Pr
even
t exc
ess c
ompe
titio
n &
impr
ove
prof
itabi
lity
thro
ugh
join
t
man
agem
ent o
f rev
enue
s by
SMG
and
bus
com
pani
es
■A
ppro
pria
te tr
ansp
orta
tion
fees
and
tran
sfer
cha
rges
are
dec
ided
by
SMG
bas
ed o
n co
nsul
tatio
n w
ith r
even
ue m
anag
ing
body
■SM
G a
pplie
s the
pre
set u
nit c
ost a
nd a
lloca
tes r
even
ues i
n
acco
rdan
ce w
ith v
eh-k
m r
ecor
ds
■SM
G su
bsid
izes
for
the
poss
ible
dis
trib
utio
n sh
orta
ges r
even
ues
□E
xpan
ding
Exc
lusi
ve M
edia
n B
us L
anes
□E
xpan
ding
Exc
lusi
ve M
edia
n B
us L
anes
※St
atus
of E
xist
ing
Bus
Lan
es▷
Excl
usiv
e m
edia
n bu
s lan
es: 1
sect
ion/
7.6
㎞
▷C
urbs
ide
bus l
anes
: 293
.6㎞
■Ex
pans
ion
Plan
(in
2004
: 6 li
nes/
74.6
㎞; i
n 20
05 a
nd th
erea
fter:
7 lin
es/8
7.8㎞
)
2. E
stab
lishm
ent o
f Sup
port
Sys
tem
□B
us S
ervi
ce L
ines
with
Exc
lusi
ve M
edia
n B
us L
anes
(Pla
n)
□B
us S
ervi
ce L
ines
with
Exc
lusi
ve M
edia
n B
us L
anes
(Pla
n)
□Im
prov
e cu
rbsi
de b
us la
nes –
211.
6㎞
■C
olor
ed p
avem
ent :
for
dem
arca
tion
and
high
rec
ogni
tion
■W
iden
bus
lane
line
from
30c
m ⇒
45cm
for
clea
r re
cogn
ition
In-B
us D
evic
es
Inte
grat
ed B
us C
ontro
l Sta
tion
Inte
rnet
PDA
Cel
lula
rPh
one
AR
S
Serv
ices
for C
itize
ns
Driv
erB
us
Com
pany
□B
MS
(Bus
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m)
□B
MS
(Bus
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m)
Info
rmat
ion
at B
us
Stop
s
Driv
ers:
rece
ive
posi
tion
and
on-ti
me
stat
us re
late
d or
ders
Com
pani
es: a
djus
tmen
t of p
ositi
on a
nd o
n-tim
e st
atus
C
itize
ns: p
rovi
ded
with
info
rmat
ion
on E
TA
Driv
ers:
enc
oura
ged
to d
rive
safe
ly th
roug
h w
arni
ngs,
etc.
Com
pani
es: p
rovi
ded
with
info
rmat
ion
on v
iola
tions
The
City
: vio
latio
n en
forc
emen
ts a
nd e
xecu
tes a
dmin
istra
tive
mea
sure
s
Seou
l City
: ref
lect
for r
elat
ed p
olic
y m
akin
gC
ompa
nies
: use
for i
mpr
ovin
g bu
s man
agin
g ef
ficie
ncy
Enc
oura
ging
Sa
fe o
pera
tion
Enh
anci
ng
the
effic
ienc
y
of th
e bu
s sys
tem
m
anag
emen
t
Ens
urin
g pu
nctu
ality
and
pr
edic
tabi
lity
Info
rmat
ion
on lo
catio
n
His
tori
cal D
ata
Dat
a on
vio
latio
ns Ince
ntiv
es: g
iven
to c
ompa
nies
/driv
ers w
ith q
ualif
ied
perf
orm
anc
Ince
ntiv
es: g
iven
to c
ompa
nies
/driv
ers w
ith q
ualif
ied
perf
orm
anc e
(+e (+
αα) )
Pena
lties
: im
pose
d on
com
pani
es w
ith p
oor p
erfo
rman
ce (
Pena
lties
: im
pose
d on
com
pani
es w
ith p
oor p
erfo
rman
ce ( --
αα))
■Ev
alua
tion
of O
pera
tiona
l Res
ults
=>
ince
ntiv
es a
nd p
enal
ties
□N
ew S
mar
t Car
d Sy
stem
for
fare
col
lect
ion
□N
ew S
mar
t Car
d Sy
stem
for
fare
col
lect
ion
Res
erva
tions
for
tour
ist r
esor
ts
Ban
ks
Publ
ic a
genc
ies/
Tax/
Shop
ping
Publ
ic sp
orts
fa
cilit
ies
Med
ical
se
rvic
es
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Rec
reat
ion
T-m
oney
ca
rd
○D
oes n
ot m
eet I
nt’l
stan
dard
s
(Mifa
re)
○Fu
nctio
ns m
erel
y a
s a m
emor
y ca
rd
Exi
stin
g C
ard
○A
dopt
ed In
t’l s
tand
ards
○
Smar
t car
d ->
Enh
ance
s sec
urity
and
prov
ides
mul
ti-fu
nctio
nal s
ervi
ces
New
car
d
□H
igh
Qua
lity
Bus
es□
Hig
h Q
ualit
y B
uses
Arti
cula
ted
buse
s, Lo
w-f
loor
bus
es,
CN
G b
uses
Arti
cula
ted
buse
s, Lo
w-f
loor
bus
es,
CN
G b
uses
Low
-flo
or b
uses
, C
NG
bus
es
Low
-flo
or b
uses
, C
NG
bus
es
Med
ium
-siz
ed b
uses
Med
ium
-siz
ed b
uses
Med
ium
-siz
ed b
uses
Med
ium
-siz
ed b
uses
Feed
er li
nes
Feed
er li
nes
Cir
cula
r lin
esC
ircu
lar
lines
Tru
nk
lines
Tru
nk
lines
Maj
or li
nes
Maj
or li
nes
Aux
. Tru
nklin
es
Aux
. Tru
nklin
es
■Pr
inci
ple
of O
pera
tion
by S
ervi
ce T
ypes
■H
igh
qual
ity B
us D
eplo
ymen
t Pla
n
▷A
rtic
ulat
ed B
us
30
30
565
Red B
us
(Wid
e A
rea)
73
53
20
146
Blu
e B
us (
Tru
nk
Lin
e)
30
103
58
20
211
Tota
l
Note
2007
2006
2005
2004
Tota
lC
ate
gory
100
142
058
300
Num
ber
Note
2006
2005
2004
2003
Tota
lC
ate
gory
▷Lo
w B
ed B
us
▷D
ista
nce
base
d fa
re
▷Fr
ee o
f cha
rge
for
tran
sfer
s am
ong
mod
es
○Su
bway
sing
le tr
ips
: far
e ac
cord
ing
to d
ista
nce-
trave
led
(bas
ic fa
re :
800
Won
up
to 1
2 km
; ex
tra fa
re o
f 100
Won
for e
very
add
ition
al 6
km
)○
Bus
sing
le tr
ips :
sing
le fa
re o
f 800
Won
○Fo
r tra
nsfe
rrin
g tri
ps: a
ccum
ulat
ed d
ista
nce-
base
d fa
re sy
stem
→(b
asic
fare
up
to 1
0km
; ex
tra fa
re fo
r eve
ry a
dditi
onal
5 k
m)
□N
ew F
are
Syst
em□
New
Far
e Sy
stem
▷C
ard-
base
d fa
re se
t as B
asic
fare
○A
ccum
ulat
ed d
ista
nce-
base
d fa
re sy
stem
app
lied
only
whe
n us
ing
card
s○
Car
d-ba
sed
fare
set a
s sta
ndar
d fa
re; e
xtra
fare
(100
won
) to
be c
harg
ed
whe
n us
ing
one-
time
trip
tick
ets
※E
xam
ple
Bus
-Sub
way
Tra
nsfe
ring
Additio
nal
5㎞
￦100
Additio
nal
5㎞
￦100
Base d
ista
nce
10㎞
￦800
20㎞
Tota
l
￦1,5
90
Tota
l
￦1,0
00
Pre
vio
us
Fare
New
Fare
(dis
tance
pro
potional)
Genera
l
Bus
4㎞
￦600
Subw
ay
13㎞
￦590
Shutt
le
Bus
3㎞
￦400
Bus
-Bus
Tra
nsfe
ring
Additio
nal
2㎞
￦100
Additio
nal
5㎞
￦100
Base d
ista
nce
10㎞
￦800
17㎞
Tota
l
￦1,2
50
Tota
l
￦1,0
00
Pre
vio
us
Fare
New
Fare
Bus
5㎞
￦600
Bus
12㎞
￦650
Bus W
ithout
Transfe
ring
Curr
ent
Fare
￦650
New
Fare
￦800
Aft
er J
uly
1st:P
relim
inar
y R
esul
tsA
fter
Jul
y 1st
:Pre
limin
ary
Res
ults
ⅣⅣ
Kan
gnam
-Dae
ro
■Q
ueue
s in
the
bus l
anes
■M
ost o
ne-d
oor b
uses
gene
rate
d lo
ng d
wel
ling
time
at b
us st
ops
▷C
ontro
l of n
umbe
r of
bus i
n th
e la
ne
(Abo
ut 2
50 b
uses
/hr)
1. N
ew e
xclu
sive
med
ian
bus l
ane
(Jul
y 1,
200
4)
1. N
ew e
xclu
sive
med
ian
bus l
ane
(now
)
Incr
ease
of s
peed
for
both
bu
ses a
nd c
ars
■10
km
/h to
ove
r 20
km/h
Mor
e ca
rria
ge o
f pas
seng
er
■6
times
mor
e pa
ssen
gers
than
othe
r lan
es
Les
s tra
vel t
ime
vari
atio
n■
5 tim
es le
ss th
an o
ther
bus
lane
s
2. In
crea
se o
f Pub
lic T
rans
it Pa
ssen
gers
The
num
ber
of P
ublic
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
user
s in
July
and
Aug
ust i
ncre
ases
11.
0% fr
om th
e sa
me
peri
od o
f las
t yea
rT
he n
umbe
r of
Pub
lic T
rans
port
atio
n us
ers i
n Ju
ly a
ndA
ugus
t inc
reas
es 1
1.0%
from
the
sam
e pe
riod
of l
ast y
ear
(Thousands/day)
11.0
%↑
7,00
77,
197
6,30
16,
492
Tot
al
12.6
%↑
2,86
73,
055
2,55
72,
699
Subw
ay
9.9%
↑4,
140
4,14
23,
744
3,79
3B
us
%A
ugus
tJu
lyA
ugus
tJu
ly
2004
2003
Mod
es
3. D
ecre
ase
of b
us r
elat
ed a
ccid
ents
23.1
%↓
704
916
Lig
htly
inju
red
Num
ber
of th
e in
jure
d
26.9
%↓
478
654
Num
ber
of
Acc
iden
ts
100.
0%↓
06
Dea
th
26.5
%↓
3649
Hea
vily
inju
red
Yea
rT
otal
23.8
%↓
%
740
2004
971
2003The
num
ber
of a
ccid
ents
in J
uly,
200
4 de
crea
sed
26.9
% t
han
the
July
of 2
003
The
num
ber
of a
ccid
ents
in J
uly,
200
4 de
crea
sed
26.9
% t
han
the
July
of 2
003
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Dem
and
Man
agem
ent
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Dem
and
Man
agem
ent
ⅤⅤ
○M
axim
izin
g th
e ef
fect
of t
he r
eorg
aniz
ed b
us sy
stem
by
cont
rolli
ng th
e us
e
of p
asse
nger
car
s
○A
pply
ing
both
vol
unta
ry a
nd d
irec
t/com
puls
ory
mea
sure
s of D
eman
d M
anag
ing
○M
axim
izin
g th
e ef
fect
of t
he r
eorg
aniz
ed b
us sy
stem
by
cont
rolli
ng th
e us
e
of p
asse
nger
car
s
○A
pply
ing
both
vol
unta
ry a
nd d
irec
t/com
puls
ory
mea
sure
s of D
eman
d M
anag
ing
Bef
ore
Bef
ore
Aft
erA
fter
Bas
icPr
inci
ple
Bas
icPr
inci
ple
Prim
ary
Mea
sure
sPr
imar
y M
easu
res
ㆍIn
dire
ct/vo
lunt
ary p
olici
esㆍ
Dire
ct/co
mpu
lsory
pol
icies
ㆍEn
hanc
ing
the e
fficie
ncy o
f the
VND
Day c
ampa
ign
ㆍRe
info
rcin
g of
ente
rpris
es’
trans
porta
tion
dem
and
man
agem
ent
ㆍEx
pans
ion
of th
e app
licat
ion
of co
nges
tion
toll c
harg
es
ㆍEx
pans
ion
of th
e app
licat
ion
of p
arkin
g lo
t
capp
ing
syst
em an
d in
trodu
ctio
n of
the
gara
ge ce
rtific
ate s
yste
m
1. P
rom
otio
n of
the
Vol
unta
ry N
o D
rivi
ng (V
ND
) Day
□W
hat i
s the
VN
D D
ay c
ampa
ign?
■En
cour
ages
citi
zens
to le
ave
thei
r car
s at h
ome
and
take
pub
lic tr
ansp
ort o
ne o
r mor
e da
ys p
er w
eek
□W
hat a
re th
e ai
ms o
f thi
s cam
paig
n?
■O
ne o
f the
city
’s e
ffor
ts to
miti
gate
con
gest
ion
and
air p
ollu
tion
■En
hanc
ing
citiz
ens’
trans
porta
tion
cultu
re v
ia v
olun
tary
pa
rtici
patio
n
□O
verv
iew
of t
he V
ND
Day
Cam
paig
n
■L
aunc
hing
dat
e: J
uly
15, 2
003
■M
etho
d : R
efra
in fr
om n
o dr
ivin
g of
car
s on
a se
lect
ed w
eekd
ay■
Ince
ntiv
es fo
r pa
rtic
ipan
ts▷
Ben
efits
whe
n us
ing
publ
ic p
arki
ng lo
ts: g
iven
pri
ority
in p
arki
ng a
ndgr
ante
d di
scou
nts o
n pa
rkin
g fe
es▷
Res
tric
tion
on n
on-p
artic
ipan
ts’f
or u
se o
f gov
ernm
ent p
arki
ng lo
ts□
Stat
us
■1.
5 m
illio
n pa
ssen
ger
cars
in S
eoul
par
ticip
atin
g in
this
cam
paig
n
□Po
licie
s Cur
rent
ly in
For
ce
■M
t. N
amsa
nT
unne
l #1
and
#3
▷C
harg
ing
2,00
0 W
on o
n pa
ssen
ger c
ars/
vans
(1 o
r 2 p
asse
nger
s)
※Po
licy
Effe
ctiv
enes
s: in
crea
sed
traff
ic sp
eed
(21.
6㎞→
39.7
㎞/h
r),
decr
ease
d tra
ffic
vol
ume
by 1
1.6%
■Pa
rkin
g lo
t cap
ping
syst
em: r
estr
ictio
n on
the
inst
alla
tion
of n
ew p
arki
ng
lots
in c
onge
sted
are
as
▷A
pplic
able
to 7
are
as in
clud
ing
the
dow
ntow
n ar
ea w
ithin
the
4 G
ates
(13.
76km
2 )
2. P
olic
y fo
r R
estr
aini
ng T
raff
ic V
olum
e
□Fu
ture
mea
sure
s
■E
xpan
ding
of c
onge
stio
n to
ll ch
arge
s are
a be
ing
cons
ider
ed
■D
esig
natio
n of
con
gest
ion
cont
rolle
d ar
eas
bein
g co
nsid
ered
▷M
easu
res s
uch
as re
duci
ng p
arki
ng lo
ts o
r cha
rgin
g en
try to
ll ch
arge
s with
in
cont
rolle
d a
reas
are
pos
sibl
e
■R
eal-t
ime
rem
ote
cont
rol a
nd g
uida
nce
for
viol
atin
g ca
rs a
nd th
eir
enfo
rcem
ents
, aut
omat
ed a
dmin
istr
atio
n of
issu
ance
of n
otic
es ·
colle
ctio
n an
d de
linqu
ency
■E
xper
imen
tal i
nsta
llatio
n (in
Jul
y 20
04) :
30
units
inst
alle
d in
sect
ions
vu
lner
able
to v
iola
tions
in th
e do
wnt
own
area
and
alo
ng e
xclu
sive
m
edia
n bu
s lan
es
3. In
trod
uctio
n of
Unm
anne
d A
utom
atic
Cam
eras
■Ph
ased
exp
ansi
on p
lan
▷1s
t pha
se (D
ec. 2
004)
: ex
pans
ion
of se
ctio
ns fo
r ex
peri
men
tal i
nsta
llatio
n (u
p to
110
uni
t)
▷2n
d Ph
ase
(Jun
. 200
5) :
excl
usiv
e m
edia
n an
d cu
rbsi
de b
us la
ne se
gmen
ts(u
p to
130
uni
t)
▷3r
d Ph
ase
(Dec
. 200
5) :
sect
ions
of t
runk
and
feed
er li
nes,
area
s whe
re
illeg
al p
arki
ng a
nd st
oppi
ng o
ccur
hab
itual
ly
(up
to 1
30 u
nit)
■Pl
an fo
r 20
04
▷O
pera
tion
of u
nman
ned
enfo
rcem
ent s
yste
m c
omm
enci
ng in
June
200
4
⇒ex
perim
enta
l ope
ratio
n an
d pu
blic
ity a
nd g
uida
nce
for c
itize
ns
■In
stal
latio
n of
CC
TV
by
dist
rict
s (as
of M
ay, 2
004)
–10
3
▷Jo
ngno
15, J
ungg
u10,
Seo
ngdo
ng4,
Gw
anak
4, M
apo4
, Gan
gnam
56,
Seoc
ho10
■E
xpan
sion
and
Reo
rgan
izat
ion
of T
raff
ic P
atro
l Squ
adro
n
▷4
sect
ions
of S
eoul
, 300
team
s 1,0
35 p
erso
ns
Cur
rent
ly in
For
cing
Pol
icie
sC
urre
ntly
in F
orci
ng P
olic
ies
4. C
onge
stio
n Pr
icin
g
-M
t. N
amsa
nTu
nnel
#1
and
#3
▷2,
000
char
ged
on p
asse
nger
car
s/va
ns (w
hen
carr
ying
2 p
asse
nger
sor l
ess)
※Po
licy
Effe
ctiv
enes
s: im
prov
ed tr
affic
spee
d (2
1.6㎞
→39
.7㎞
/hr)
,
decr
ease
d in
traf
fic v
olum
e by
11.
6%
Futu
re p
olic
ies
Futu
re p
olic
ies
-E
xpan
ding
of c
onge
stio
n ch
arge
s
-D
esig
natio
n of
con
gest
ion
cont
rolle
d ar
eas b
eing
con
side
red
▷M
easu
res s
uch
as re
stric
ting
the
use
of p
arki
ng lo
ts, r
educ
ing
park
ing
lots
, an
d ad
ditio
nal t
oll c
harg
es w
ithin
con
trolle
d a
reas
are
poss
ible
Vis
ions
fo
r Se
oul’s
Fut
ure
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Vis
ions
fo
r Se
oul’s
Fut
ure
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
ⅤI
ⅤI
1. R
esto
ratio
n of
Che
ongg
yech
eon
Dec
reas
e of
car
-traf
fic v
olum
e : 1
25,0
00 v
eh/d
ayD
ecre
ase
of c
ar-tr
affic
vol
ume
: 125
,000
veh
/day
Bef
ore
Bef
ore
Aft
er (s
imul
ated
)A
fter
(sim
ulat
ed)
2. R
efor
m o
f Seo
ul P
laza
Ope
ned
on M
ay 1
, 200
4O
pene
d on
May
1, 2
004
Bef
ore
Bef
ore
Aft
erA
fter
○A
utom
obile
O
rien
ted
○V
ehic
le F
rien
dly
○Is
olat
ed M
odes
○Q
uant
ity A
imed
Cur
rent
○Pu
blic
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Ori
ente
d
○Pe
dest
rian
Fri
endl
y
○In
tegr
ated
Mod
es
○Q
ualit
y A
imed
New
Tha
nk Y
ou !