3.nf metals
TRANSCRIPT
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WELCOME
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NON FERROUS
METALS
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METALSMetals are composed of
elements having good thermaland electrical conductivity.
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Properties of metals
- Hardness
- Good thermal conductivity- Good electrical conductivity
- High melting point
- Strength
- Stiffness
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-Plastic deformability
- Ductile
- Rigidity
- Machinability- Weldability
- Castability
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Requirement of engineering
materials
Fabrication: Able to get shaped easily.
Service requirements: Good strength,
wear and corrosion resistance.
Economic requirements: Made available
with minimum overall cost
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Selection of material
Based on properties of the materialsin relation to their indented use.
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Important properties:
- Mechanical properties
- Electrical properties
- Magnetic properties
- Thermal properties
- Chemical properties
- Physical properties
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Factors for selection of the
material- Ease of availability
- Economy- Capacity to meet service conditions
- Ease of handling
- Durability
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Different Applications
- Materials for high & Low temperature
- Tool steels
- Bearing materials- Spring materials
- Die casting materials
- Magnetic materials
- Metals for nuclear energy.
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Classification of Metals
Metals a) Ferrous
b) Non
ferrous- Ceramics
- Organics
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Non-ferrous metals:
- Non-ferrous metals and alloys form
an important group of materials for
industrial applications.- Metals, which are not iron based.
- Melting point is low.
- Low strength
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Non-ferrous metals
- Copper first invented useful metal
employed by man some 15000 years
ago.
- They made coins, knives and spear
heads
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Common non ferrous metals
- Copper
- Lead
- Nickel
- Zinc
- Tin- Aluminum
- Magnesium
- Cobalt
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Cu and Cu alloys
Cu 96 to 99.3 % with addition ofsmall amounts of alloying elements such
as Al,Sn,Zn,Ni,Mn & Fe copper alloysare produced.
They are based electrical
conductivity,formability and corrosionresistance.
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Properties
- Excellent resistance to corrosion- Non-magnetic properties
- Easy to work, it is ductile and malleable
- Moderate hardness and strength- High thermal and electrical conductivity
- Resistance to fatigue, abrasion and
corrosion
- It can be soldered, brazed and welded
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COPPER
- High thermal and electrical
conductivity
- Tensile strength 340 Newton
per sq.mm
- Cu is refined electrolytically
- Used as conductors.
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Copper
To improve TS 1% Cadmium is added
Tensile strength 460 Newton per sq.mm
Used for wring purpose(lighting /
telephone)
Electrical conductivity 90 %
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Copper
Pure copper is added with 0.50 %arsenic to increase strength at elevated
temperature ( 190 to 450 C )
Properties: high strength High thermal conductivity
Used in Heat exchangers
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Copper alloys are used for
Electrical and electronic components Pump impellers
Valve components
Heat exchangers Refrigeration system
Cables & connectors
Gaskets
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Brass
Brass is an alloy of Cu & Zn.
Admiralty brass:
It contains Cu 71% Zn 28 % & Sn 1%.
Properties:
High resistance to corrosion.
High thermal conductivity
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Brass
Uses:
- Heat exchangers ( Oil / water )
- Gears & bushes
- Pistons in hydraulic units
- Valve spindles, bushes & gaskets
- Pump impellers,sleeves & wear rings
- Tools
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Condenser tubes
Radiators, floatsSheet metal parts
Architectural metal workWater and air line fittings
Bolt , nut and wires.
Electrodes.
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BRONZE
It is an alloy of Cu & Zn
Low melting point
Used as bearing alloys
Accommodates misalignment
Lowers seizure of bearings
Lowers build up stresses
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Aluminum bronze
Composition: Iron : 1 to 4 %
Aluminum : 9 to 11 %
Nickel : 4 %
Copper : Balance
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Properties
- Posses good tensile strength- Resistance to corrosion
- Used for bearings
- Hydraulic valves, piston and
gears.
- Valve & pump components
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LEADED BRASS
Cu : 62 %, Zn : 35 % & Pb : 3 %
Best suited for cold drawing
Used for making thin wires, bolts,
terminals
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Al and Al.Alloys
- Aluminum is strengthened by the
addition of alloying elements such as
Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Si and Mg.
-Al.alloys can be cast, welded, forged
and rolled.
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Properties
- Light metal, density one third of steel.- Good conductor of electricity and heat
- High resistance to corrosion
- Ductile, non magnetic
- Melting point: 650C.
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Composition
TYPE METAL
Cu Si Mg Zn Al
I 4 3 --- --- Balance
II 4.5 5.5 --- --- --do--
III --- --- 3.8 1.8 --do--
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Uses
Pump & motor casings
Oil filter and cooler casings
Sky climber components
Fire fighting components Piston & cylinder heads
Ladders & Tool
Door and window frames & patricians. Cables.
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Lead and lead alloys
Properties:
- High resistant to corrosion
- Lead can be easily soldered- Heavy weight & density
- Soft and malleable
- Lubricating property
- Low coefficient of expansion
- Low electrical conductivity
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USES
- Used in batteries
- Bearing metals
- Low melting solders- Radiation protection
- Fusibleplugs
- Crimping of wire ropes
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Babbitt metal
- Babbitts are antifriction alloys based
on either tin or lead.
- Used for lining sleeve bearings
- Low melting point ( 350 450C )
- Heavy loaded bearings of steam
turbines.
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Babbitt Metal Composition
- Sn : 90 %
- Sb : 7.25 to 8.25 %- Cu : 2.5 to 3.5 %
- Heavily loaded bearings ofsteam turbines
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Properties
- Good antifriction properties
- Thermal conductivity is more
- Good wearing property- Low coefficient of friction
- To bear shocks and vibration
- High resistance to corrosion
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Babbitt metal
Hardness of babbit metal isdrastically reduced as temperature
raised.
Working temperature of bearingslined with babbit should notexceed 80 C.
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Nickel
Used for high temperature applications.
- Hard material
- High tensile strength
- Moderate elasticity
- Resistance to corrosion
- High resistance to oxidation.
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Nickel Chromium alloys are having ability to
resist oxidation at elevated temperatures.
Ni 75 - 80 %Cr 20 - 30 %
Mn 1.5 %
Maximum working temp : 1100C
Used as heating elements
Oven and furnace.
Soldering iron.
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Gunmetal
Tin & bronze alloy castings
with Cu : 88%
Sn : 10 %
Zn : 2 %
- High resistance to corrosion
- Used in valves at water and air lines.
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Fusible alloys
Fusible alloys:
- Melts at low temperatures
- Used in hydraulic couplings
- Fire extinguishing sprinklers.
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COMPOSITION
Material Melting
point inCBi Pb Sn Cd
--- 38 62 --- 183
50 28 22 --- 96
50 24 14 12 71
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UNCOMMON METALS
TITANIUM
Strong, hard
More creep and fatigue properties
High resistance to corrosion
Used in creep resistant steels with
Cr, Mo & V
Heat exchangers
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NIOBIUM
Melting point: 2468 C
High resistant to oxidation Used in nuclear reactors
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COBALT
High corrosion resistant Co- 65 %, Cr 28 %, Mo 6 % & Ni 1 %
High erosion resistant
Used in high speed tools
Hard facing
Gas turbine vanes. Carbide cutting tools.
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THANKYOU