PPPP

PHN TCH THC PHMPHN TCH THC PHM

X L MUX L MUX L MUX L MU

PPPP

XX LL MUMU

XX ll mumu ll ququ trnhtrnh hoho tantan vv phnphn huhu mumu,,chuynchuyn chtcht cncn xcxc nhnh vv trngtrng thithi phph hphp viviququ trnhtrnh phnphn tchtch..

PPPP

LL DODO CNCN XX LL MUMU

ktkt ququ phnphn tchtch phnphn nhnh vv ii dindin ngngchocho ii tngtng cncn kimkim nghimnghim..

aa cccc chtcht cncn xcxc nhnh vv mtmt trngtrng thithithchthch hphp chocho phpphp oo,, theotheo phngphng phpphp phnphn tchtch chnchn.. chnchn..

chtcht phnphn tchtch cc thth tntn titi trongtrong trngtrng thithibnbn vngvng vv phph hphp vivi kk thutthut oo

aa cucu tt phnphn tchtch tt nhiunhiu trngtrng thithi khckhc nhaunhau

trongtrong mumu vv mtmt trngtrng thithi ngng nhtnht

PPPP

YuYu cucu::

LyLy cc honhon tonton,, khngkhng lmlm mtmt chtcht phnphn tchtch

KhngKhng lmlm nhimnhim bnbn thmthm

CC thth lmlm giugiu mumu

KtKt ququ xx ll phiphi phph hphp vivi PPPTPPPT chnchn KtKt ququ xx ll phiphi phph hphp vivi PPPTPPPT chnchn

PPPP

YUYU TT NHNH HNGHNG NN XX LL MUMU

ii tngtng mu,mu, matrixmatrix caca mumu..

BnBn cht,cht, tnhtnh chtcht caca cccc chtcht cncn phnphn tchtch..

TrngTrng thithi tntn ti,ti, cucu trctrc vtvt ll hoho hchc caca

cccc chtcht trongtrong mumu..

PhngPhng phpphp phnphn tchtch cc lala chnchn xcxc

nhnh chngchng..

HmHm lnglng caca chtcht cncn xcxc nhnh mcmc nono

trongtrong mumu

PPPP

PHNPHN LOILOI

PhnPhn loiloi theotheo haha hchc phnphn tchtch

MuMu cc chtcht nnnn huhu cc

MuMu cc chtcht nnnn vv cc

PhnPhn loiloi theotheo trngtrng thithi tntn titi

MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi khkh MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi khkh

MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi lnglng

MuMu thucthuc trngtrng thithi rnrn vv bnbn rnrn

PhnPhn loiloi theotheo nhmnhm ngnhngnh

MuMu cngcng nghipnghip

MuMu nngnng nghipnghip

MuMu dndn dngdng vv sinhsinh hothot

MuMu tt nhinnhin

PPPP

22.. CCCC KK THUTTHUT XX LL MUMU

22..11.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho tt

22..22.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho khkh

22..33.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho khkh-- tt ktkt hphp22..33.. KK thutthut vv cc hoho khkh-- tt ktkt hphp

22..44.. CcCc kk thutthut chitchit

22..55.. CcCc kk thutthut scsc kk

PPPP

22..11.. KK THUTTHUT VV CC HAHA TT

22..11..11.. VV cc haha bngbng acidacid cc nngnng

22..11..22.. VV cc haha bngbng kimkim nngnng chychy

PPPP

22..11..11.. VV CC HAHA BNGBNG ACIDACID CC NNGNNG

22..11..11..11.. CC ss phngphng phpphp

DaDa vovo tnhtnh axitaxit vv tnhtnh oxyoxy haha caca cccc axitaxit thcthc hinhin ququ trnhtrnh phph mumu nhnh :: HClHCl..HNOHNO33,,HH22SOSO44,, HClOHClO44HH22SOSO44,, HClOHClO44

TyTy vovo bnbn chtcht caca cccc axitaxit cngcng nhnh thnhthnh phnphnhnhn hphp axitaxit mm toto rara nhngnhng nhitnhit khckhc nhaunhau

PPPPViVi axitaxit nn

AxitAxit HClHCl HNOHNO33 HH22SOSO44 HH33POPO44 HClOHClO44 HFHF

Nng (%)Nng (%) 3636 6565 9898 7878 7272 4040

T(si) T(si) ooCC 110110 121121 280280 213213 203203 120120

ViVi hnhn hphp axitaxit

Loi hn hp caLoi hn hp caThnh phn Thnh phn

(V/V)(V/V)Nhit si Nhit si ooCCLoi hn hp caLoi hn hp ca

(V/V)(V/V)Nhit si Nhit si CC

((HClHCl/HNO/HNO33)) 3/13/1 116116--118118

(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44)) 4/14/1 130130--135135

(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44 )) 3/23/2 150150--155155

(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44 ++ HclOHclO44 )) 4/2/24/2/2 137137--140140

(HF+(HF+ HH22SOSO44 )) 2/12/1 130130--150150

(HNO(HNO33++ HH22SOSO44 ++ HF)HF) 2/1/12/1/1 120120--130130

PPPP

22..11..11..22.. CCCC QUQU TRNHTRNH XYXY RARA KHIKHI XX LL MUMU

SS phph vv mngmng lili cucu trctrc

QuQu trnhtrnh oxyoxy haha khkh

SS tt chychy,, phph hyhy cccc hphp chtcht huhu cc

SS toto rara cccc hphp chtcht phcphc bnbn,, tt phnphn lyly SS toto rara cccc hphp chtcht phcphc bnbn,, tt phnphn lyly

ToTo rara hphp chtcht dd baybay hihi

SS ktkt tinhtinh hayhay ktkt tata (c(c th)th)

PPPP

22..11..11..33.. CCCC LOILOI XX LL TT

TrongTrong iuiu kinkin thngthng

TrongTrong nini pp sutsut

TrongTrong ll vivi sngsng

PPPP

2.1.1.4. U NHC IM CA PHNG PHP2.1.1.4. U NHC IM CA PHNG PHP

HuHu nhnh khngkhng bb mtmt cccc chtcht phnphn tchtch NhngNhng thithi giangian phnphn huhu mumu rtrt didi TnTn nhiunhiu axitaxit cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao DD bb nhimnhim bnbn khikhi xx ll trongtrong hh hh,, dodo mimi DD bb nhimnhim bnbn khikhi xx ll trongtrong hh hh,, dodo mimi

trngtrng hayhay axitaxit dngdng PhiPhi uiui acidacid dd nnnn dd bb nhimnhim bnbn KK thutthut nyny chch yuyu xx ll mumu phnphn tchtch cccc

chtcht chuchu nhitnhit.. KK thutthut nyny khngkhng dngdng tchtchcccc chtcht huhu cc

PPPP

VV dd:: XX ll mumu raurau ququ xcxc nhnh cccc kimkim loiloinngnng nhnh:: Cd,Cd, Cu,Cu, Fe,Fe, Ni,Ni, PdPd,, ZnZn..

LyLy 55..00010001gg mumu nghinnghin mnmn vv trntrn uuvovo bnhbnh KendanKendan,, thmthm 6060 mLmL HNOHNO33 6565%%,, 55 mLmLHH22SOSO44 9898%%,, lclc uu vv unun nhnh chocho mumu sisi vvHH22SOSO44 9898%%,, lclc uu vv unun nhnh chocho mumu sisi vvphnphn hy,hy, chocho nn khikhi dungdung dchdch mumu trongtrongkhngkhng mumu ((66--88hh tyty loiloi mu)mu)..

NnNn mumu ++ HNOHNO33 ++ HH22SOSO44 MeMexx(NO(NO33))yy ++MeMenn(SO(SO44))mm ++ HH22OO ++ COCO22 ++ NONO22..

PPPP

22..11..22.. XX LL BNGBNG KIMKIM NNGNNG

22..11..22..11.. CC ss phngphng phpphp

DngDng cccc dungdung dchdch kimkim mnhmnh hayhay hnhn hphp kimkimmnhmnh vv muimui kimkim hoihoi kimkim hayhay peroxideperoxide nngnng caocao ((khongkhong 1010 --2020%%),), phnphn hyhy mumu phnphn tchtchtrongtrong iuiu kinkin unun nngnng trongtrong bnhbnh KendanKendan hayhaytrongtrong iuiu kinkin unun nngnng trongtrong bnhbnh KendanKendan hayhaytrongtrong hphp knkn,, hochoc trongtrong ll vivi sngsng..

PPPP

2.1.2.2. CC QU TRNH XY RA

PhPh vv cucu trctrc nnnn mu,mu, chuynchuyn chtcht phnphntchtch vv dngdng dungdung dchdch

CcCc chtcht caca mumu tngtng tctc vivi kimkim toto rarasnsn phmphm tantan cc

CC thth sinhsinh rara cccc khkh baybay rara gipgip mumu haha tantan CC thth sinhsinh rara cccc khkh baybay rara gipgip mumu haha tantantttt hnhn

CC thth toto rara cccc hphp chtcht bn,bn, tt phnphn lyly vvtantan trongtrong dungdung dchdch

ToTo rara cccc snsn phmphm ktkt tata vivi nnnn mumu

PPPP

2.1.2.3. U NHC IM V PHM VI NG DNG 2.1.2.3. U NHC IM V PHM VI NG DNG

uu imim:: ll huhu nhnh khngkhng lmlm mtmt cccc chtcht phnphntchtch,, nhtnht ll cccc nguynnguyn tt cc hphp chtcht dd baybay hihi vvcccc nguynnguyn tt,, cccc matrixmatrix caca mumu dd tantan trongtrong kimkim..

NhcNhc imim:: ll tntn nhiunhiu kimkim tt 1010 1515 lnln lnglng NhcNhc imim:: ll tntn nhiunhiu kimkim tt 1010 1515 lnln lnglngmumu.. SSauau khikhi xx ll phiphi trungtrung hoho bngbng axitaxit,, phaphalonglong mumu dd bb nhimnhim bnbn.. VV thth cchcch nyny chch ccdngdng chocho mtmt ss trngtrng hphp,, mm cchcch xx ll axitaxit chochoktkt ququ khngkhng tttt..

PPPP

2.2. K THUT V C KH2.2. K THUT V C KH

22..22..11.. CC ss phngphng phpphp

KK thutthut xx ll khkh ll kk thutthut nungnung xx ll mumu trongtrongll nungnung mtmt nhitnhit thchthch hphp,, songsong thcthc chtcht yychch ll bcbc uu tintin caca ququ trnhtrnh xx ll mumu.. MuMu sausaukhikhi nungnung cc hoho tantan bngbng dungdung dchdch muimui hayhay dungdungkhikhi nungnung cc hoho tantan bngbng dungdung dchdch muimui hayhay dungdungdchdch axitaxit phph hphp,, chuynchuyn vv dngdng dungdung dchdch,, sausau xcxc nhnh theotheo phngphng phpphp chnchn..

PPPP

33 bcbc chnhchnh

LmLm khkh mumu

ThanThan hoho mumu

TroTro hoho mumu

PPPP

22..22..22 CCCC QUQU TRNHTRNH XYXY RARA

LmLm baybay hihi ncnc trongtrong mumu

SS trotro haha,, tt chychy chtcht mnmn,, cccc chtcht huhu cckhckhc caca mumu

PhPh vv cucu trctrc banban uu caca nnnn mumu,, chuynchuynsangsang cccc nnnn nn gingin hnhnsangsang cccc nnnn nn gingin hnhn

QuQu trnhtrnh oxyoxy haha khkh thaythay ii ss oxyoxy haha cacacccc nguynnguyn tt trongtrong mumu

GiiGii phngphng mtmt ss khkh nhnh CO,CO, COCO22,, SOSO22

CC thth cc mtmt ss tngtng tctc haha hchc giagia cccc chtchttrongtrong mumu vivi nhaunhau vv vivi phph giagia thmthm vovo totorara cccc chtcht mimi..

PPPP

Loi mu Ph gia Nhit Sn phm sau khi nung

t st KOH+Na2O2 550-650 Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+H2O

Qung Silicat

KOH+Na2O

2 500-600 Na2SiO3+K2SiO3+H2O+MeX

Qung Ferrit 550-600 FeO+Fe2O3+SO2+H2O

Qung CuS 550-600 CuO+SO2+H2O + MenXm

Dolomit 550-650 CaO+MgO+H2O+CO2+ MenXm

LnCO3FxH

2O 550-650 Ln2O3+CO2+HF+H2O +MenXm

Nha ng 550-650 MexOy+CO2+SO2+H2O+MenXm

Thc phm

KNO3+HNO

3 500-550 MexOy+CO2+H2O+ KxXy+NO

Rau qu KNO3+HNO3 500-550 MexOy+CO2+H2O+ KxXy+NO

Rau qu 500-550 MexOy+CO2+H2O+MenXm

Cht hu c 500-600 MexOy + CO2 + H2O + (NOx)

PPPP

22..22..33.. CCCC YUYU TT NHNH HNGHNG NN QUQUTRNHTRNH NUNGNUNG

NhitNhit nungnung

ThiThi giangian nungnung

ChtCht phph giagia:: BoBo vv cccc chtcht phnphn tchtch khngkhng bbmtmt vv lmlm chocho ququ trnhtrnh phnphn hyhy mumu nhanhnhanh hnhnmtmt vv lmlm chocho ququ trnhtrnh phnphn hyhy mumu nhanhnhanh hnhn

PPPP

2.2.4. U 2.2.4. U NHC IM V PHM VI NHC IM V PHM VI S DNGS DNG

ChCh yuyu tintin hnhhnh trntrn nhngnhng mumu cc hmhm lnglngchtcht khkh cao=>cao=>

ThaoThao tc,tc, cchcch tintin hnhhnh vv trangtrang thitthit bb nn gingin

KhngKhng phiphi dngdng nhiunhiu axidaxid cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao.. XXll cc trittrit ,, nhtnht ll cccc mumu nnnn huhu cc..ll cc trittrit ,, nhtnht ll cccc mumu nnnn huhu cc..

tt chychy htht cccc chtcht huhu cc,, vv thth lmlm dungdung dchdchmumu thuthu cc schsch

NhcNhc imim:: cc thth mtmt mtmt ss chtcht dd baybay hihi,, vv ddnhnh Cd,Cd, PbPb,, Zn,Zn, SnSn,, SbSb,, vv..vv.. nunu khngkhng cc chtcht phphgiagia vv chtcht bobo vv..

PPPP

VV dd:: TroTro haha khkh mumu raurau ququ xcxc nhnh kimkimloiloi (Na,(Na, K,K, Ca,Ca, Mg,Mg, Cd,Cd, Co,Co, Cr,Cr, Cu,Cu, Fe,Fe, Mn,Mn, Ni,Ni, Pb,Pb,Zn)Zn)..

CnCn 55..00010001gg mumu vovo chnchn thchthch anh,anh, emem sysykhkh tt tt chocho nn khikhi mumu khkh en,en, riri ememnungnung 33 gigi uu nhitnhit 450450ooC,C, sausau nngnnglnln 530530--550550ooCC chocho nn khikhi mumu htht thanthan en,en, thuthulnln 530530--550550ooCC chocho nn khikhi mumu htht thanthan en,en, thuthucc mumu trotro trngtrng..

CnCn 55..00010001gg mumu vovo chnchn thchthch anh,anh, thmthm 11 ggKNOKNO33,, 55 mLmL HNOHNO33 6565%%,, trntrn uu vv unun nhnh chochomumu sisi uu vv chocho nn khkh enen.. NungNung mumu nhitnhit 450450ooCC trongtrong 33 gi,gi, sausau nngnng lnln 500500--530530ooC,C, nn khikhi htht thanthan en,en, thuthu cc mumu trotrotrngtrng..

PPPP

CCXXppmppm

Cch tro haCch tro ha Ph gia bo Ph gia bo vv

Nhit Nhit ((ooC)C)

HS thu hi (%)HS thu hi (%)

PbPb 1010 tt::HNOHNO33+HClO+HClO44HNOHNO33+HClO+HClO44+H+H22SOSO44HNOHNO33+H+H22SOSO44KhKh

KhngKhng 450450550550650650

9797--1001009393--98989090--9494

9797--1001009393--95957171--8383

HH22SOSO44

HNOHNO33

Mg(NOMg(NO33))22

650650450450550550650650450450550550650650450450550550650650

7171--83839797--99999595--97979090--96969797--99999797--99997070--84849898--99999292--95959191--9696

PPPP

22..33.. KTKT VV CC HOHO KHKH--TT KTKT HPHP

22..33..11.. NguynNguyn tctc

XX ll ss bb bngbng phngphng phpphp tt

ThcThc hinhin ququ trnhtrnh nungnung mumu

HaHa tantan mumu bngbng dungdung mimi thchthch hphp

22..33..22.. uu imim22..33..22.. uu imim

TnTn dngdng cc uu imim caca cc haihai phngphng phpphp

RtRt ngnngn thithi giangian

GimGim chichi phph

CchCch nyny khngkhng dngdng xcxc nhnh cccc chtcht huhu cc

PPPP

VV dd:: XX ll mumu raurau ququ xcxc nhnh kimkim loiloi (Na,(Na, K,K, Ca,Ca,

Mg,Mg, Cd,Cd, Co,Co, Cr,Cr, Cu,Cu, Fe,Fe, Mn,Mn, Ni,Ni, Pb,Pb, ZnZn))

LyLy 55..00000000gg mumu raurau nghinnghin mnmn vovo chnchn nung,nung,

thmthm 55 mLmL HNOHNO33 4545%% vv 55 mLmL Mg(NOMg(NO33))22 55%%,, trntrn u,u, riri

sy,sy, hayhay unun nhnh trntrn bpbp inin chocho mumu si,si, cc cncn nn

khkh thnhthnh thanthan enen.. SauSau emem nungnung lclc uu 400400--450450khkh thnhthnh thanthan enen.. SauSau emem nungnung lclc uu 400400--450450

ooCC trongtrong 33 gi,gi, riri nngnng lnln 550550ooC,C, nn htht thanthan enen.. HoHo

tantan trotro thuthu cc trongtrong 2020 mLmL dungdung dchdch HClHCl 11//11 vv cc

thmthm 11 mLmL HNOHNO33 6565%%,, unun nngnng chocho tan,tan, lmlm baybay hihi htht

axitaxit dd nn cncn muimui m,m, nhnh mcmc bngbng dungdung dchdch HClHCl

22%% thnhthnh 2525 mLmL..

PPPP

PPPP

xcxc nhnh hmhm lnglng proteinprotein trongtrong uu phngphng,, tintin hnhhnh cncn 11gg mumuchocho vovo bnhbnh KjeldahlKjeldahl vivi 2020mlml HH22SOSO44,, 22gg CuSOCuSO44::KK22SOSO44 33::11.. yy bnhbnhbngbng phuphu nhnh vv nghingnghing 11 gcgc 4545oo giagia nhitnhit tt tt nn 400400ooCC trongtrongkhongkhong 1010hh chocho nn khikhi dungdung dchdch trongtrong sutsut mumu xanhxanh ll,, nguingui..

ChunChun bb bnhbnh hnghng bngbng 100100mlml dungdung dchdch HH22SOSO44 00..11NN vovo erlenerlen 250250mlmlvivi 33 gitgit MRMR 11%%,, sausau chuynchuyn dungdung dchdch vv cc haha vovo hh thngthngchngchng ctct,, chocho 33 gitgit PPPP 11%% vv dngdng NaOHNaOH 3030%% chnhchnh vv pHpH kimkimyuyu,, sausau chocho thmthm dd 22mlml NaOHNaOH 3030%%,, khakha phuphu vv tintin hnhhnh chngchng

BI TP 3BI TP 3

yuyu,, sausau chocho thmthm dd 22mlml NaOHNaOH 3030%%,, khakha phuphu vv tintin hnhhnh chngchngctct nhmnhm uiui htht NHNH33 vovo bnhbnh hnghng..

nhnh lnglng HH22SOSO44 00..11NN dd bngbng NaOHNaOH 00..11NN chocho nn khikhi dungdung dchdchchuynchuyn thnhthnh mumu vngvng nhtnht,, VVNaOHNaOH 00..11NN tiutiu tntn == 3535mlml.. TinTin hnhhnh xcxcnhnh mumu trngtrng vivi cccc bcbc tngtng tt nhnh trntrn,, VVNaOHNaOH tiutiu tntn == 9797mlml..

VitVit phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara

XcXc nhnh hmhm lnglng nitnit tonton phnphn cc trongtrong mumu,, tnhtnh theotheo khikhilnglng khkh bitbit mumu cc hmhm mm ll 1616%%..

PPPP

PhngPhng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng

QuQu trnhtrnh vv cc haha mumuXTXT,, ttoo

RCH(NHRCH(NH22)COOH)COOH ++ HH22SOSO44 COCO22 ++ SOSO22 ++ NHNH33 ++ HH22OO

22NHNH33 ++ HH22SOSO44 (NH(NH44))22SOSO44

QuQu trnhtrnh chngchng ctct QuQu trnhtrnh chngchng ctct

22NaOHNaOH ++ (NH(NH44))22SOSO44 NaNa22SOSO44 ++ 22NHNH33 ++ HH22OO

22NHNH33 ++ HH22SOSO44 ((NHNH44))22SOSO44

QuQu trnhtrnh nhnh phnphn

22NaOHNaOH ++ HH22SOSO44 NaNa22SOSO44 ++ 22HH22OO

PPPP

xcxc canxicanxi trongtrong thcthc nn giagia sc,sc, ngingi tata cncn khongkhongmumu cc mm11 == 4242..45374537gg (khi(khi lnglng chnchn vv mu),mu), tintinhnhhnh sysy mumu nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii 105105ooC,C, cncn ghighilili khikhi lnglng (m(m22 == 3838..13851385g)g).. TipTip tctc thanthan ha,ha, trotro hahamu,mu, sausau haha tantan trotro trongtrong 4040mlml acidacid HClHCl 11::33,, dngdngNHNH44OHOH vv HClHCl vivi nngnng thchthch hphp chnhchnh pHpH vv 44..55--66.. SauSau toto ktkt tata honhon tonton vivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktktta,ta, sysy ktkt tata 105105ooCC trongtrong thithi giangian 22hh (n(n khikhilnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh htht mm (m(m ==

BI TP 4BI TP 4

lnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh htht mm (m(m33 ==3232..12471247g)g).. ((22))

aa.. VitVit cccc phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara

bb.. TnhTnh hmhm mm caca mumu TAGSTAGS trn?trn?

cc.. TnhTnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi cc trongtrong mumu theotheo KLKL khkh

BitBit KhiKhi lnglng chn,chn, mmoo == 2929..23422342gg

PPPP

xcxc canxicanxi trongtrong thcthc nn giagia sc,sc, ngingi tata cncn khongkhong mumucc mm11 == 4242..45374537gg (khi(khi lnglng chnchn vv mu),mu), tintin hnhhnh sysymumu nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii 105105ooC,C, cncn ghighi lili khikhi lnglng(m(m22 == 3838..13851385g)g).. TipTip tctc thanthan ha,ha, trotro haha mu,mu, sausau haha tantantrotro trongtrong 4040mlml acidacid HClHCl 11::33,, dngdng NHNH44OHOH vv HClHCl vivi nngnng thchthch hphp chnhchnh pHpH vv 44..55--66.. SauSau toto ktkt tata honhon tontonvivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktkt ta,ta, nungnung ktkt tata 500500

ooCC trongtrong thithigiangian 22hh (n(n khikhi lnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh htht

BI TP 5BI TP 5

giangian 22hh (n(n khikhi lnglng khngkhng i),i), nguingui trongtrong bnhbnh hthtm,m, lmlm mm tata bngbng dungdung dchdch (NH(NH44))22COCO33 bobo ha,ha, sysy 105105ooCC nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng i,i, cncn vv ghighi lili khikhi lnglng (m(m33== 3232..12471247g)g).. ((33))

aa.. VitVit cccc phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara

bb.. TnhTnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi cc trongtrong mumu theotheo khikhi lnglng khkh

BitBit KhiKhi lnglng chn,chn, mmoo == 3030..23422342gg

PPPP

xcxc nhnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi bngbng phngphng phpphp ktkt tataoxalateoxalate trongtrong thcthc nn giagia scsc,, ngingi tata cncn khongkhong 1010gg mumu,,tintin hnhhnh sysy mumu nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii 105105ooC,C, cncn ghighilili khikhi lnglng (m(m22 == 3838..13851385g)g).. TipTip tctc thanthan haha,, trotro haha mumu,,sausau haha tantan trotro trongtrong 4040mlml acidacid HClHCl 11::33,, dngdng NHNH44OHOH vv HClHClvivi nngnng thchthch hphp chnhchnh pHpH vv 44..55--66.. SauSau toto ktkt tatahonhon tonton vivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktkt tata,, nungnung ktkt tata

BI TP 6BI TP 6

honhon tonton vivi (NH(NH44))22CC22OO44,, lclc thuthu ktkt tata,, nungnung ktkt tata 12001200ooCC trongtrong thithi giangian 22hh ((nn khikhi lnglng khngkhng ii),), cncn vvghighi lili khikhi lnglng (m(m33 == 3333..12471247gg))..

aa.. VitVit cccc phngphng trnhtrnh phnphn ngng xyxy rara

bb.. TnhTnh hmhm mm caca mumu TAGSTAGS trn?trn?

cc.. TnhTnh hmhm lnglng canxicanxi cc trongtrong mumu theotheo KLKL khkh

BitBit KhiKhi lnglng chnchn,, mmoo == 3030..23422342gg

KhiKhi lnglng chnchn vv mumu,, mm11 == 4242..45374537gg

PPPP

22..44 KK THUTTHUT CHITCHIT

22..44..11.. CC ss caca phngphng phpphp DaDa trntrn cc ss ss phnphn bb khckhc nhaunhau caca chtcht

phnphn tchtch vovo trongtrong haihai dungdung mimi khngkhng trntrn lnlnvovo nhaunhau

HH ss phnphn bb ll mtmt hnghng ss vtvt ll cc trngtrngchocho ss chitchit,, chocho bitbit titi thithi imim cncn bng,bng, sschocho ss chitchit,, chocho bitbit titi thithi imim cncn bng,bng, ssphnphn bb caca cccc chtcht phnphn tchtch trongtrong 22 phapha khngkhngtrntrn lnln vovo nhaunhau theotheo tt ll nono

TrongTrong CCXX(A)(A) vv CCXX(B)(B) ll nngnng chtcht XX trongtronghaihai dungdung mimi AA vv BB..

)(

)(

BC

ACK

X

XD

PPPP

DungDung mimi khngkhng phnphn cccc ss hoho tantan tttt cccchphp chtcht cc tnhtnh khngkhng phnphn cccc

DungDung mimi phnphn cccc trungtrung bnhbnh ss hoho tantan ttttcccc hphp chtcht cc tnhtnh phnphn cccc trungtrung bnhbnh

DungDung mimi phnphn cccc mnhmnh ss hoho tantan tttt cccc hphp DungDung mimi phnphn cccc mnhmnh ss hoho tantan tttt cccc hphpchtcht cc tnhtnh phnphn cccc mnhmnh

CcCc chtcht gingging nhaunhau ss hoho tantan nhaunhau

PPPP

LULU TrongTrong btbt kk mtmt loiloi hphp chtcht thinthin nhinnhin nono cngcng cc

thth cc hphp chtcht cc tnhtnh phnphn cccc kmkm vv loiloi hphp chtcht cctnhtnh phnphn cccc mnhmnh

ChitChit phnphn onon:: ii tt dungdung mimi cc phnphn cccc kmkm nnmnhmnh (do(do nhitnhit :: maringin,maringin, cucurminecucurmine.. DoDo pHpH nhnh))

KhiKhi tngtng nhitnhit ,, khkh nngnng hoho tantan caca dungdung mimi tngtnglnln vv nguynnguyn tctc trntrn cc nhiunhiu thaythay ii

DD toto nhnh tngtng =>=> chitchit trongtrong phapha rnrn

PPPP

22..44..22.. iuiu kinkin chitchit DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao

DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi haha tantan tttt chtcht phnphn tch,tch,nhnhngng khngkhng haha tantan tttt cccc chtcht cc trongtrong mumu

HH ss phnphn chitchit phiphi lnln

CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigii CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigiichitchit cc tttt

SS phnphn lplp khikhi chitchit phiphi rr rng,rng, nhanhnhanh vv ddtchtch snsn phmphm

PhiPhi thcthc hinhin lclc mnhmnh trongtrong ququ trnhtrnh chitchit

ChoCho thmthm chtcht chngchng toto btbt khikhi cncn cc ssphnphn lplp tttt

PPPP

22..44..33.. CcCc thngthng ss nhnh hnghng

phnphn cccc

HH ss phnphn bb

pHpH

NhitNhit

pp sutsut

PPPP

22..44..22.. iuiu kinkin chitchit DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi cc tinhtinh khitkhit caocao

DungDung mimi chitchit phiphi haha tantan tttt chtcht phnphn tch,tch,nhnhngng khngkhng haha tantan tttt cccc chtcht cc trongtrong mumu

HH ss phnphn bb chitchit phiphi lnln

CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigii CnCn bngbng chitchit nhanhnhanh t,t, thunthun nghchnghch giigiichitchit cc tttt

SS phnphn lplp khikhi chitchit phiphi rr rng,rng, nhanhnhanh vv ddtchtch snsn phmphm

PhiPhi thcthc hinhin lclc mnhmnh trongtrong ququ trnhtrnh chitchit

ChoCho thmthm chtcht chngchng toto btbt khikhi cncn cc ssphnphn lplp tttt

PPPP

22..44..33.. CcCc kk thutthut chitchit

ChitChit lnglng--lnglng

ChitChit lnglng--rnrn

PPPP

CHITCHIT LNGLNG LNGLNG

CHITCHIT PHAPHA TNHTNH

CHITCHIT DNGDNG CHYCHY LINLIN TCTC

PPPP

CHITCHIT RNRN LNGLNG

ChitChit ngmngm kitkit

ChitChit ngmngm dmdm

ChitChit SoxhletSoxhlet

ChitChit KumagawaKumagawa

ChitChit lili cuncun hihi ncnc ChitChit lili cuncun hihi ncnc

ChitChit vivi sngsng

ChitChit siusiu mm

ChitChit pp lclc caocao

ChitChit siusiu titi hnhn

ChitChit trongtrong phapha rnrn

PPPP

ChitChit siusiu titi hnhn

PPPP

TnhTnh cht ca CSCOcht ca CSCO22 KhKh SiuSiu ti hnti hn LngLng

TT trng/g.mltrng/g.ml--11 1010--33 0.40.4 11

nht/Pasnht/Pas 1010--55 1010--44 1010--33

HH s khuch tn/cms khuch tn/cm22.s.s--11 0.10.1 1010--33 1010--55 -- 1010--66

PhnPhn ngng xyxy rara nhanh,nhanh, tctc phnphn ngng dodo ququ trnhtrnhkhuchkhuch tntn khngkhng chch.. HH ss khuchkhuch tntn cngcng ln,ln, tctc phnphn ngng cngcng tngtng

PPPP

GiGi trtr nhitnhit ,, pp sut,sut, tt trngtrng caca mtmt ss chtcht thngthnggpgp titi imim titi hnhn

ChtCht TTcc, K, K PPcc, atm, atm cc, g/ml, g/mlCOCO22 304.2304.2 72.972.9 0.470.47

NN22OO 309.7309.7 71.771.7 0.450.45

NHNH 405.6405.6 112.5112.5 0.240.24NHNH33 405.6405.6 112.5112.5 0.240.24

HH22OO 647.3647.3 218.3218.3 0.320.32

CHCH44 190.6190.6 45.845.8 0.160.16

MeOHMeOH 513.7513.7 78.978.9 0.270.27

EtOHEtOH 516.6516.6 63.063.0 0.280.28

BenzenBenzen 562.1562.1 48.348.3 0.300.30

PPPP

uu imim caca dungdung mimi COCO22 siusiu titi hnhn

KhngKhng cc hi,hi, khngkhng gygy chychy n,n, chichi phph thpthp(VD(VD:: HH22O,O, NHNH33,, NN22OO..))

CcCc chtcht thngthng tantan tttt trongtrong COCO22 STHSTH

TngTng cngcng ququ trnhtrnh truyntruyn khikhi trongtrong hh TngTng cngcng ququ trnhtrnh truyntruyn khikhi trongtrong hh

CcCc tnhtnh chtcht vtvt ll cc thth iuiu chnhchnh cc

BnBn vivi cccc tctc nhnnhn oxioxi hoho

DD phnphn ringring snsn phmphm

KoKo didi tuitui thth chtcht xcxc tctc

PPPP

LuLu chtcht siusiu titi hnhn cc cccc thngthng ss vtvt ll nmnmtrongtrong khongkhong binbin thinthin giagia lnglng vv khkh.. TuyTuynhinnhin trngtrng thithi siusiu titi hnhn thth cccc thngthng ssnyny cngcng thaythay ii ngng kk khikhi tt && PP thaythay ii

BngBng cchcch iuiu khinkhin ququ trnhtrnh gimgim pp sutsutthchthch hphp cc thth thth tchtch lnln ltlt cccc snsn phm,phm,xcxc tctc hochoc cccc chtcht dd chacha phnphn ngngxcxc tctc hochoc cccc chtcht dd chacha phnphn ngng

PhnPhn ringring snsn phmphm bngbng hh nhitnhit vv lclchochoc bcbc hihi dungdung mimi.. ii vivi snsn phmphm dngdngrnrn lmlm nguingui nhanhnhanh ss khngkhng chch cc thth hnhhnhhochoc kchkch thcthc htht caca snsn phmphm

PPPP

ChitChit trongtrong phapha rnrn

ScSc kk ll mtmt phngphng phpphp vtvt ll tchtch mtmt hnhnhphp gmgm nhiunhiu loiloi hphp chtcht rara ringring thnhthnh tngtngloiloi nn cht,cht, dada vovo tnhtnh ii lclc khckhc nhaunhau cacatngtng loiloi chtcht ii phapha ngng vv phapha tnhtnh

HiuHiu sutsut tchtch phph thucthuc nhiunhiu vovo hh ss phnphn HiuHiu sutsut tchtch phph thucthuc nhiunhiu vovo hh ss phnphnchiachia

KK == CCss/C/Cmm

CCss:: NngNng caca hphp chtcht trongtrong phapha tnhtnh

CCmm:: NngNng caca hphp chtcht trongtrong phapha ngng

PPPP

PhnPhn loiloi scsc kk theotheo hinhin tngtng xyxy raratrongtrong ququ trnhtrnh tchtch

ScSc kk phnphn chiachia

ScSc kk hphp thuthu

ScSc kk traotrao ii ionion ScSc kk traotrao ii ionion

ScSc kk lclc gelgel

PPPP

SCSC KK PHNPHN CHIACHIA

PhaPha ngng:: chtcht lnglng hochoc khkh

PhaPha tnhtnh:: mtmt lplp chtcht lnglng mngmng cc ninilnln nhngnhng htht rn,rn, nhuyn,nhuyn, trtr

SS tchtch dada vovo hh ss phnphn chiachia gigi 22 pha,pha,phph thucthuc vovo khkh nngnng hoho tantan vv tnhtnh phnphnphph thucthuc vovo khkh nngnng hoho tantan vv tnhtnh phnphncccc

TnhTnh phnphn cccc caca phapha ngng gigi vaivai trtr quytquytnhnh

PPPP

SCSC KK HPHP THUTHU

PhaPha ngng:: chtcht lnglng hochoc chtcht khkh

PhaPha tnhtnh:: chtcht rn,rn, nguyn,nguyn, mn,mn, cc tnhtnh trtr

SS tchtch dada vovo ss hphp thuthu hochoc dnhdnh lnln bbmtmt caca chtcht rnrn

SS hphp thuthu dodo ss tngtng tctc giagia cccc phnphn tt SS hphp thuthu dodo ss tngtng tctc giagia cccc phnphn ttlnglng cc,cc, dodo ss tngtng tctc giagia cccc nhmnhmphnphn cc,cc, dodo cccc linlin ktkt hydro,hydro, lclc VanderVanderWaalWaal

PhaPha tnhtnh thngthng dngdng ll silicasilica gelgel hochocaluminalumin

PPPP

SCSC KK LCLC GELGEL

PhaPha ngng:: chtcht lnglng

PhaPha tnhtnh:: chtcht rn,rn, hnhhnh cucu bngbng polymerpolymer trntrnbb mtmt cc nhiunhiu ll rngrng

SS tchtch ringring dada vovo nhngnhng phnphn tt cc kchkchthcthc nhnh chuichui vovo ll rngrngthcthc nhnh chuichui vovo ll rngrng

CcCc phnphn tt cc giigii ll rara khikhi ctct theotheotrngtrng lnglng phnphn tt gimgim dndn

PPPP

SCSC KK CTCT HH

KchKch thcthc htht 5050--150150mm

TT ll chtcht hphp thuthu vivi chtcht cncn phnphn tchtchkhongkhong 2525--5050 lnln theotheo trngtrng lnglng

ChiuChiu cao/cao/ ngng knhknh :: 88--1010//11

ThTh tchtch mumu:: V=V=00..44*D*D22 ThTh tchtch mumu:: V=V=00..44*D*D22

PPPP

SOLIDSOLID PHASEPHASE EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION (SPE)(SPE)

PPPP

SOLIDSOLID--PHASE EXTRACTIONPHASE EXTRACTION

PPPP

THIT LP IU KIN CHO NN HP TH L SILICA

SOLIDSOLID--PHASE EXTRACTIONPHASE EXTRACTION

Thm dung mi hu c lm sch v hot ha chui Alkyl- (C18, C8 Etc.)

Khng c ct b kh

PPPP

Chun b mu:Chun b mu:1 mL blackberry1 mL blackberry--juice c ha tan trong 2 mL juice c ha tan trong 2 mL nc ct.nc ct.Thit lp ctThit lp ct

V d 1:V d 1: Trch ly nhanh cht mu trong ungTrch ly nhanh cht mu trong ung

Thit lp ctThit lp ctA3 mL C18 (Baker: 7020A3 mL C18 (Baker: 7020--03) ct SPE c thit 03) ct SPE c thit lp vi 1ml metanol sau l nc ctlp vi 1ml metanol sau l nc ctThm mu v ra gii:Thm mu v ra gii:Mu sau khi chun b c cho vo ct sau Mu sau khi chun b c cho vo ct sau thm 5 ml nc ct ra gii nhng thnh phn thm 5 ml nc ct ra gii nhng thnh phn nh ng cht mu ca ng hay axit hu cnh ng cht mu ca ng hay axit hu c

PPPP

GiiGii hphp ::CcCc chtcht mumu nhnh [anthocyanines,[anthocyanines, flavonoids,flavonoids,tannins,tannins, alkaloidsalkaloids ll cc rara giigii quaqua ctct bngbngmetanolmetanol (hoc(hoc 22--propanol)propanol)PhnPhn tchtch ::PhnPhn tchtch ::CcCc chtcht cncn phnphn tchtch lclc nyny nmnm trongtrong dungdungdchdch rara giigii cc thth xcxc nhnh bngbng cccc phngphngphpphp nhnh :: GCGC hochoc LCLC vv..vv