4-1 Øk¶v 4-1-1 isij dks eksm+uk vksj dkvuk 4-1-3 dkb...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-3 dkB mRdhmpbou.edu.in/slm/B.Ed_SLM/beddaeb2u4.pdf · 97 bdkbZ&4 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-2 gkMZ 'khV dks](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022050312/5f73e50a43540e69823069d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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bdkbZ&4
4-1 Øk¶V
4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk
4-1-2 gkMZ 'khV dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk
4-1-3 dk"B mRdh.kZu
4-1-3 csar dyk esa dke esa vkus okys 'kCn
4-1-4 csar dyk vkSj Vksdjh cqukbZ ¼Vksdjh lkth½
4-1-5 feV~Vh ls dyk] dqEgkjh
4-1-6 IykLVj] odZ] ekWMy esafdax
4-1-6-1 jsr vkSj IykLVj
4-1-6-2 ewfrZ cukuk
4-2 Mªkek
4-2-1 vkys[k fy[kuk
4-2-1-1 vkn'kZ ys[ku dFkkoLrq ij
4-2-1-2 d{kk vfHku; fof/k ys[ku
4-2-1-3 jaxeap vfHku; ys[ku
4-1-14 ;a= ys[ku
4-2-1-5 fefJr ys[ku
4-2-2 iks'kkdh dh izk:i@:ijs[kk cukuk
4-2-3 y?kq ukVd
4-2-4 ukVdhdj.k
4-2-5 is'kkd cukukA
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Unit-4
4 Craft-
4.1.1 Paper Folding and Cutting
;g tkikuh 'kCn ^vksjh* ;kuh eksM+uk vkSj xseh ;kuh dkxt ls feydj cuk gS] iwjs 'kCn
dk eryc gks x;k dkxt dks eksM+uk dkxt dks eksM+dj vusd jkspd o tfVy
vkd`fr;k¡ cukbZ tk ldrh gSA
vksjhxseh esa oxkZdkj dkxt dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS &
bls oks dkxt ysa tks vki vklkuh ls eksM+ ldks u ,dne iryk u gh ,dne eksVkA
Fig4.1
Fig4.2 Fig4.3
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Fig4.4
4.1.2 Hard Sheet Folding and Cutting
dkxt j[kus dh Qkby
lkexzh & xÙkk] ckbafMax DykFk] lknk dkxt]
ysgh @QsfodkWy] dSaph] pkdw] jsxeky ua-
fof/k& dkWih ij isfUly ls fp= cuk ysa] fQj rhu xRrs ds VqdM+s] ftldh yackbZ 7½**
rFkk pkSM+kbZ 6** gksuk pkfg,A vc rhuksa VqdM+ksa dks tek ysa] blds ckn nks iV~Vh ckbafMax
DykFk dh ys ftldh yackbZ 8** vkSj pkSM+kbZ 1** gksuh pkfg,A bu ifV~V;ksa ij ysgh
1 2 3
7½**
7½**
6"
6"
6"
7½**
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vFkok QsfodkWy yxkdj xRrs ds VqdM+ksa dks fp=kuqlkj yxkdj fpidk ysaA xRrk Qkby
dk :y ys ysxk] blesa lQsn dkxt fpidk ysa ,oa ,d vU; pqujh diM+k ysdj lQkbZ
ls bl ij fpidk nsa] QkbZy dh lqUnjrk c<+kus ds fy,A
Qkby ua-&2
lkezxh & xRrk] ckbafMax DykFk] pqujh diM+k] lknk dkxt] cVu] dSaph] xksan@
QsfodkWy] Ldsy] iSafly vkfnA
fof/k& lcls igys xRrk dkV ysaA igys N% bap pkSM+k rFkk vkB bap yEcs xRrs dk VqdM+k
dkfV;s ,slk gh ,d VqdM+k vkSj dkfV,A blds ckn nks VqdM+s rhu bap pkSM+s rFkk N% bap
yEckbZ ds ,d VqdM+k 8** yack rFkk 3** pkSM+k dkfV blh izdkj ,d bap pkSM+s vkSj 8**
yEcs xRrs dh nks iV~Vh dkVuk gksxh rFkk ,d bap pkSM+h vkSj 6** yEch nks ifV~V;k¡ vkSj
dkVuk gksxhA vc ckbfUMax DykFk dh Hkh nks ifV~V;ka nks bap pkSM+h rFkk 8** yEch
dkVuk gksxh vkSj blh izdkj nks bap pkSM+h rFkk 6** yEch nks ifV~V;k¡ vkSj dkVuk gSA
vc dVkbZ dk dke iwjk gks x;k cl fQV djuk gSA lcls igys chp esa 8** yacs vkSj 6**
pkSM+s okys xRrs dks j[ksaA vc nks bap pkSM+h rFkk 8** yEch ckbafMax DykFk dh iV~Vh ij
ysgh fpidkdj mlesa ,d bap pkSM+h rFkk vkB bap yEch ckbfMax DykFk dh iV~Vh dks
chpksa chp fpidkdj ,d bap chp ds xRrs esa fpidk nsaA vkSj ,d bap nwljs vkB bap
yEckbZ okys VqdM+s esa fpidk nsa] bl izdkj bl VqdM+s esa 6** yEcs rFkk 3** pkSM+kbZ okys
VqdM+s dks Hkh fpidk nsa ckbafMax DykFk rFkk xRrs dks iV~Vh ds lkFk fpidk nsaA fp= ds
8"
6"
3"
6"
8"
8"
3"
6"
3"
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vuqlkj lc VqdM+s fpidk nsaA blds ckn lknk lQsn dkxt yxk nsaA dksbZ lqanj pqujh
diM+k yxk nsaA cM+s Hkkx ij ,d cVu yxk nsaA nks bap yEch rFkk ,d bap pkSM+k
ckbafMax DykFk dk VqdM+k mlds ,d fljs ij cVu lhdj ukidj mldks QkbZy ds ihNs
dh vksj fpidk nsa vkSj bls ltk nsaA
4.1.3 dk"B mRdh.kZu (wood carving)
1. rksrk
iwjh uki & 3½** x 3½** x 8½**
ydM+h& ueZ ydM+h tSls& lsey] uhe] pesyh
rksrs ds Hkkxksa dk uki &
¼1½ d ¼vk/kkj½ 3½** x 3½** ½**
¼1½ [k ¼LrEHk½ 3** x 1** x 1**
¼2½ x ¼Vk¡xs½ 3 3@4 x 3@8** ¼**
¼1½ ?k ¼rksrs dk ?kM+½ 4 3@4 x 2¼** x 1½**
¼1½ ³ ¼rksrs dh nqe½ 4** x 1** x¼**
rksrs ds ?kM+ dks dkVus ds fy;s pkdw }kjk Nhydj ydM+h dks lkQ djsa vkSj
fp= ds vuqlkj vkdkj nsrs gq, dkV ysaA vk/kkj dks uki ds vuqlkj dkVdj
rS;kj dj ysa LrEHk ds fy;s ydM+h ysdj mlesa 'ksi cuk,aA ydM+h ij nksuksa
Vkaxksa dh vkd`fr;ka [khap Vkaxs cuk,] nksuksa Vkaxksa ds Åij fdukjksa dks vkil esa
feykdj ck¡/k nksA fupys fdukjksa ds fy;s LrEHk esa xM~<s cukdj ljsl }kjk tM+ks
@ ?kM+ ds fy;s ydM+h ysdj rksrs ds vkdkj rFkk chp ds xM~<s dk fpUg
fp=kuqlkj [khapks cekZ rFkk :[kkuh }kjk igys xM~<k cukvks] fQj ckgjh ydfM+;k¡
dkVdj :[kkuh rFkk pkdw dh lgk;rk ls rksrs dk vkdkj rS;kj djksA ?kM+ ds
chp ,d iryh yEch dhy ,sls LFkku ij tM+ksa dh ?kM+ Vk¡xksa ij dhy ds lgkjs
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fLFkj gks ldsA nqe dh ydM+h rS;kj dj ds ?k ds fiNys Hkkx esa tM+ksA nqe dks
vko';drkuqlkj iryh ;k eksVh djds rksrs ds ?kM+ dks chp dh dhy ij mfpr
<ax ls fLFkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn ?kM+ vkxs fxjrk gS rks nqe esa vkSj ydM+h
fpidkvks vkSj ;fn ihNs fxjrk gS rks nqe Nhydj vkSj iryh djksA vUr esa
lqUnj <ax ls isUV djks vkSj lc Hkkxksa dks Li"V djksA rksrk >qyrk izrhr gksxkA
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2. dye nku
iwjh uki % 4½** x 4 ** x 5**
dk"B % IykbZ oqM] lkxkSu] vkjh ¼dkVus ds fy,½
dyenku ds Hkkxksa dk uki &
¼1½ ¼d½ vk/kkj 4 ½** x 4 ** x 3@16**
¼1½ ¼[k½ ¼vk/kkj ds Åij dh ydM+h½ 4¼** x 3 3@4** x 3@16**
¼2½ ¼x½ ¼fdukjs dh ydfM+;ka½ 4 5@8** x3 3@8** x3@16**
¼1½ ¼?k½ ¼ihNs dh ydM+h½ 4 5@8** x 3 5@8** x3@16**
fof/k% 3@16** eksVh ydM+h ij lc Hkkxksa dks uki ds vuqlkj rS;kj djssaA ydM+h ij
'ks"k ds fy, fpUg yxkdj vkjh }kjk lc Hkkxksa dks lqUnjrk ls dkVdj fudkyks
igys ^[k* Hkkx ij ^x* rFkk ^?k* Hkkxksa dks tksM+ yks fQj uhps ls ^d* Hkkx dks
Qalkb,Avar esa vkW;y isUV }kjk jax Hkj ysaA
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4.1.3.1 csar dyk ds dke esa vkus okys 'kCn &
vk/kkj % ;g Vksdjh dh uhao dgykrh gSA ftl rjg dh Vksdjh cukuh gks] ml
rjg dk rkuk ¼LVsfdu½ j[kus ds fy;s rhu ;k pkj NfM+;ksa ls vk/kkj dh
cqukbZ os nks ;k rhu pDdj yxk;s tkrs gSA
fdad % ¼eksM+½ & dke djrs le; fdlh Hkh rkus ds Vs<+s >qdus ;k mlds Åij dh
vksj eksM+us dks fdad dgrs gSaA
fDy¶V% ¼VqdM+s½ Vksdjh dk isank cukus ds fy;s isans dh eki ds fglkc ls VqdM+s
dkVs tkrs gSaA bu VqdM+ksa esa Åij cqukbZ djds isank rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS
bUgsa fLVDl dgrs gSaA
VkbZ% ¼cU/kuh½ v.Mkdkj ;k xksy Vksdjh dk isank cukus ds fy;s 'kq: esa tks
ca/kuh dh tkrh gS mls ckVe VkbZ ¼isank cU/kuh½ dgrs gSA Vksdjh ds nLrs
dks cU/kuh djus ls igys Vksdjh ds lkFk tks VkbZ yxkbZ tkrh gS mls
gS.My VkbZ dgrs gSaA
LykFk% ¼[kksyuh½ LykFk ml xwns ;k csar ds rkjs dks dgrs gSa ftlls isaVs ds VqdM+ksa
dks cqukbZ ds fy;s [kksyrs gSaA
is;fjax% mu nks jkMks ¼xwnksa½ dks dgrs gS ftuls isaVs ds lekIr gksus ij pkjksa vksj
cqukbZ gksrh gSA
LVsDl% ¼rkuk½ & LVsDl mu NfM+;ksa dks dgrs gS ftudks Vksdjh cukus ds fy;s
isaVs ds Hkhrj Mkyk tkrk gSA
ckbZ LVsDl% ¼lgk;d rkuk½ ckbZ & LVsDl mu NfM+;ksa dks dgrs gS tks vk/kkj ds ckn
rkus ds lkFk&lkFk Mkyh tkrh gSA
Ldsu % ¼csar ds Åij ls mrkjk gqvk fNydk½ csar ls mrkjs gq;s Åij ds fNyds
dks ftlls fdlh oLrq dh cqukbZ ;k ca/kkbZ djrs gS rkj @ Ldsu dgrs gSA
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osy % ¼lkaV½ Vksdjh ;k fdlh vkSj oLrq dh fdukjh ¼ckMZj½ cukus ls igys
vilsV tSlk rhu ;k pkj NfM+;ksa ¼xwnksa½ ls cqukbZ ds pDdj yxkrs gSa bls
osy dgrs gSaA
ckMZj % ¼fdukjk½ dke dk vkf[kjh fgLlk tks Vksdjh isans&iSj ¼QqV½ ;k <Ddu ds
fdukjs esa cuk;k tkrk gS] ckMZj dgykrk gSA
cks jkM % ¼/kuq"k NM+h½ mls dgrs gsa tks Vksdjh ds vkj&ikj gRFkk ¼gsaMy½ Mkyus ds
fy, >qdkbZ trkh gSA
Qsflax fLdu% Qflsax fLdu o fNydk ¼rkj½ gksrk gS] tks ca/kkbZ djrs le; ,oa fljs
lsnwljs fljs rd ca/kkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk uewuk cukrs gq, pyk tkrk gSA
Lywbax jsfMax% ¼nksgjh cqukbZ½ ;g ,d izdkj dh nksgjh cqukbZ gksrh gSA blesa cqukbZ ds
,d gh pDdj esa fNyds ¼rkj½ ;k NM+h dks nks ;k rhu ckj ,d&nwljs ds
Åij ,d lkFk cqurs gSaA
4.1.4 Cane Work & Basket Weaving
Qwy j[kus dh Vksdjh & ;g Vksdjh yEch vkSj pkSdksj gksrh gSA gb; csar ds xwns vkSj
fNydksa rFkk uk;yksu ds rkjksa ls curh gSA fdlh&fdlh Vksdjh esa tkyh Hkh yxkbZ
tkrh gSA blesa gsaMy Hkh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
bldh eki &
¼d½ isnk 8 bap yEck vkSj 5 bap pkSM+k 3 bap Å¡pkbZ] 12 bap Åijh pkSM+kbZA
¼[k½ iSank 10 bap yEck vkSj 6 bap pkSM+k 1½ bap ÅpkbZ] 1 bap Åijh pkSM+kbZA
¼x½ isank 12 bap yEck vkSj 8 bap pkSM+k] 4 bap Å¡pkbZ] 16 bap Åijh pkSM+kbZA
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Fig 4.5
pkSdksj ckldsV %&
;g Vksdjh yEch vkSj pkSdksj gksrh gSA bldk isank csar ;k IykboqM dk cuk;k tkrk gSA
bldks xksy gq, csar&xwns vkSj csar ds fNyds ls cukrs gSaA Vksdjh vkSj lqanj yxs blds
fy, csar dks jax dj fNyds ls vkkl&ikl uewus cuk;s tkrs gSaA blds vUnj vLrj Hkh
yxk ldrs gSAA
eki& 1- isank 10 bap yEck vkSj 7 bap pkSM+k] Å¡pkbZ 3½ bap] Åijh yEckbZ 10½ s
2- isank 8 bap yEck vkSj 5 bap pkSM+k] Å¡pkbZ 3 bap] Åijh yEckbZ 8½ bap vkSj
pkSM+kbZ 5½ bapA
3- isank 12 $ 8 bap Å¡vkSj 5 bap pkSM+k] Å¡pkbZ 3 bap] Åijh yEckbZ 8½ bap
vkSj pkSM+kbZ 5½ bapA
4- isank 25 bap yEck vkSj 16 bap pkSM+k Å¡pkbZ 10 bap] Åijh yEckbZ 24½ vkSj
pkSM+kbZ 16½ bap
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Fig4.6
4.1.5 Clay Work, Potteny
feV~Vh lcls lLrh rFkk lcls vf/kd mi;ksxh vkSj ykHknk;d oLrq gS] blls crZu rFkk
f[kykSus cuk;s tkrs gSaA feV~Vh ds izdkj %&
1- dkyh feV~Vh & nf{k.k Hkkjr esa feyrh gS] bldk mi;ksx crZu rFkk f[kykSus esa
gksrk gSA
2- ihyh feV~Vh & bl crZu rFkk f[kykSus T;knkrj cuk, tkrs gSaA
3- eqYrkuh feV~Vh & blls Hkh crZu f[kykSus ugha curs gSaA
4- [kfM+;k feV~Vh & bldk iz;ksx Hkh ugha fd;k tkrkA
5- lQsn phuh feV~Vh & ;g iatkc izkar esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
cjsyh esa lQsn jax dh feV~Vh ¼irsM+h feV~Vh½ x<+oky esa NksiM+k feV~Vh rFkk y[kuÅ esa
iksrk feV~Vh Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSA
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feV~Vh ufn;ksa] rkykcksa] >hyksa] vkfn ds fdukjksa ij Hkh izkIr gksrh gSA vPNh feV~Vh Hkwjs
rFkk efV;kys jax dh gksrh gSA blh ls crZu rFkk f[kykSus cuk;s tkrs gSaA
Fig4.7
feV~Vh dks rS;kj djuk %&
loZizFke feV~Vh dks ,d cM+s crZu esa fHkxks nsa] tc feV~Vh Qwy tk;s rks ikuh lc QSad
nks rFkk fefV~V;k¡ xykrs le; NksVs&NksVs dadM+] bZVsa vkfn dks fudky nsaA vc blesa
/kquh gqbZ :bZ feykdj vkVs ds leku xwaFk ysaA tc feV~Vh ekse ds leku ncus yxrh
gSA vc blls f[kykSus o crZu cuk;saA
rS;kj feV~Vh ls igys NksVh&NksVh phtsa cuk;sa tSls& feV~Vh dks yEck&yEck lkai tSlk
cuk;sa vkSj mls xksy ?kqekdj NksVk MCck cuk;saA
vc Qy lfCt;k¡ Hkh cukbZ, vkSj jax dfj,A
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4.1.6 IykLVj odZ] ekWMy esfdax ¼E;wjy vkVZ½
lkexzh %&ykLVj vkWQ iSfjl ikoMj ikuh] dVksjk] pEep] eksVh dkxt 'khV] isij fDyi]
dhy] Mksjh] Iyk; cksMZ dksu cukus ds fy, IykfLVdA
fof/k&
1- ,d dVksjh IykLVj vkWQ iSfjl ikoMj dks rhu xquk ikuh ysdj vPNh rjg ls feyk
ysa] feJ.k tc xk<+k o fpduk gks tk, rc lw[kus ls igys bls esagnh tSls dksu esa
Hkjdj 'khV ij dykd`fr cuk,a vkSj bls Iyk; cksMZ ij fpidkdj vius dejs dh
ltkoV djsaA
2-cPpksa ds fy, dkVwZu ik= cukus ds fy,] ?kksy dks pEep ls IykfLVd 'khV ij
Mkydj pEep ls xksy dj bu ij ?kksy lw[kus ds igys fp= cuk,a vkSj Nsndj fDyi
yxk,aA
3- xhys ?kksy ij cPpksa ds gkFk ds Nkis Myok,a] lw[ks IykLVj vkWQ isfjl esa dhy dh
enn ls [kqnkbZ dj uDdk'kh djok,¡A
Fig4.8 Fig4.9
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110
Fig4.10 Fig4.11
Fig4.12 Fig4.13
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111
4.1.6.1 jsr vkSj IykLVj
lkexzh &jsr] IykLVj] ikuh dk I;kyk] ydM+h dk pkS[kV] FkkyhA
fof/k& 1- ydM+h ds pkS[kVs esa jsr Hkj yksA
2- jsr esa isafly ;k vaxqfy;ksa ls [kksndj fMtkbu cuk yksA
3- Fkkyh esa dqN ikuh Mky nks] fQj mlesa FkksM+k&FkksM+k IykLVj Mkydj mls
tYnh ls feyk yksA
4- jsr ds fMtkbu ij xhyk IykLVj Mky yksA
5- dqN le; ;k fnuksa ds ckn IykLVj lw[k tk,xk vkSj jsr dk fMtkbu IykLVj
ij Ni tk,xkA
6- IykLVj tc lw[k tk, rc jsr IykLVj ls gVk yksA
4.1.6.2 ewfrZ cukuk
l[r IykLVj vkWQ isfjl ls ewfrZ cukukA
1- IykLVj vkWQ isfjl ikoMj dks l[r djus ds fy, fuEu esa ls ,d pht dks
feyk ysa & [kkus dk lksM+k] yky bZaV ds VqdM+s] FkksM+h lh jsr] FkksM+h lh jk[k]
ydM+h dk cqjknk] dks;ys dk pwjk] vHkzd dk pwjk] lhesUV dk jax] xs:yky
feV~VhA
2- Fkkyh esa ikuh Mkydj mlds Åij FkksM+k&FkksM+k IykLVj fNM+drs tkb, rkfd og
vPNh rjg ls Hkhx tk;sA Hkhxs gq, IykLVj dks gkFk ls feyk ysuk pkfg,A
3- xhyh feV~Vh ;k ydM+h dh pkj nhokjsa cukdj mlesa IykLVj dks Mky fn;k
tk;sA tc IykLVj te tk;s rc nhokjsa gVk ysuh pkfg,A dqN fnuksa ckn
IykLVj lw[kus yxsxkA
4- tc IykLVj vPNh rjg ls lw[k tk;s rc mls pkdw ;k Nqjh ls dkVdj ewfr
rS;kj dh tk;sA
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112
ydM+h ds VqdM+ksa dks tksM+dj ewfrZ cukukA
dHkh&dHkh o`{k ds /kM+] 'kk[kk,¡] ,slh vkd`fr Hkh fey tkrh gS] ftlesa euq"; i'kq ;k
i{kh ds :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA viuh dYiuk ls ydM+h dks FkksM+k dkVdj ;k Nhydj
mlh :i esa fn[kk ldrs gSaA
4.2 Mªkek
^ukVd* 'kCn laLd`r ds uV~ /kkrq ls cuk gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS ukpuk] Lokax Hkjuk]
Hkkoiw.kZ vaxksa dk lapkyu djuk vFkok vfHku; djukA ukpus okys dks uV dgk tkrk
Fkk] vkt Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd tks mlds ukp vfHku; dks ns[krk Fkk mls n'kZd dgk
tkrk FkkA izkjafHkd ;qx esa ukVdksa dk Lo:i ewd vfHku; ek= FkkA /khjs&/khjs vax
lapkyu ;k vfHku; vFkok u`R; dh fof/k fodflr gqbZA ukVd dks :id esa dgk tkrk
gSA :id esa pkj voLFkkvksa dk vuqdj.k fd;k tkrk gS & vkafxd ¼'kjhj dk½ okfpd
¼ok.kh dk½ vkgk;Z ¼os'k&Hkw"kk dk½ vkSj lkfRod ¼Hkkoksa dk½A
ukVd ds ik= ds vuqlkj fn[kkus ds fy, vfHkusrk dks mBuk] cSBuk] cksyuk] pyuk
bR;kfn lkjs O;ogkj mlh ds leku djuk pkfg,A mlh ds leku oL=&vkHkw"k.k iguuk
pkfg, vkSj mlh ds leku vuqHkwfr Hkh fn[kykuh pkfg,A
mn~ns'; %&
& ukVd ds ek/;e ls f'k{k.k vf/kd jkspd vkSj xzkg~; cu tkrk gSA
& Nk=ksa dh f>>d dks nwj djrk gS vkS mUgsa ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls lkeuk djus ;ksX;
cukuk gSA
& ukVd gekjs Hkhrj fLFkr Hkkoksa] vuqdj.k vFkok vfHkO;fDr dh izo`fRr dks tkx`r
dj mls fodflr djrk gS] O;kogkfjd cukrk gSA
& ukVd ls thou dk O;kogkfjd Kku feyrk gSA lkFk gh ekuo pfj= dk v;;u
Hkh gksrk gSA
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113
4.2.1 Script Writing for Classroom Drama
d{kk f'k{k.k ds {ks= esa ukVd dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dks jkspd <ax ls
i<+kus ds fy, ukVd dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA bfrgkl iqjk.k] Hkwxksy] ;gkd{kk
f'k{k.k ds {ks= esa ukVd dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dks jkspd <ax ls i<+kus
ds fy, ukVd dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA bfrgkl iqjk.k] Hkwxksy] ;gk¡ rd fd
foKku vkSj xf.kr dh ladYiuk,¡ Hkh ukVd ds ek/;e ls ljyrkiwoZd Li"V dh tk
ldrh gSA ukVd fØ;kRed f'k{kk gSA
i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k] tula[;k f'k{kk o`{kkjksi.k tSls vk/kqfud fo"k; g¡lh&g¡lh esa ukVd]
,dkadh ds ek/;e ls turk rd igq¡pk, tk ldrs gSaA
d{kk esa ukV~; ys[ku ds fy, fdlh dgkuh dks ukVd cukuk] ukVd dks dgkuh ds :i
esa ifjf.kr djuk] Nk=ksa dks dgkuh dk ik= ekudj laokn djuk] vkRedFkk ds :i esa
dgkfu;ksa dks fy[kokuk] ik=ksa ds pfj= dh rqyuk djuk] i;kZ; <w¡<okuk] Hkko Li"V
djkuk vuqPNsn ;k ikB dk laf{kIr lkjka'k fy[kokuk] dgkuh ds fdlh ik= fo'ks"k dh
fLFkfr esa ;fn Nk= gksrk rks D;k djrkA vkfn Hkh fy[kuk Hkh fl[kk nsuk pkfg,A
d{kk esa izLrqr djus ds fy, ukV~; dk vkys[k ys[ku& d{kk esa ikB~;iqLrd dh dgkuh
@ x| ikB dk vfHku; ls f'k{k.k dk;Z djus ds fy, fo"k; @ fo"k; ds ikB dh
lEiw.kZ ikB~; lkexzh dks f'k{kd okfpd vkSj lkfRod vfHku; ds lkFk ¼vkfMax ugha½
iwjk&iwjk lLoj i<+sa vkSj Loj ls lc Hkko O;Dr dj nsAA blds ckn Hkkoksa dk lgkjk
ysdj okfpd] lkfRod vkSj d{kksfpr dqN&dqN vkafxd vfHku; djrs gq, Lo;a f'k{kd
i<+dj fn[kk, f'k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ik=ksa ds pfj=] vkpj.k] xq.k&voxq.k okrkZyki ,oa
muds ân; dh Hkkoukvksa vkSj vuqHkwfr;ksa ij iz'u djsa vkSj ;g Hkh iwNsa fd ;fn ml
txg vki gksrs rks D;k djrs\ v/;{k ;k vf/kdkjh gksrs rks okrkZyki dSls djrs bR;kfn
iz'uksa }kjk mudh dYiuk] O;kogkfjdrk vkSj vuqHkwfr dk i;kZIr fodkl djus ds
mijkUr ukV~; ys[ku ds fy, fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij ys[ku dk;Z djok;k
tk ldrk gS &
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114
4.2.1.1- vkn'kZ ys[ku dFkkoLrq ij %&
ys[ku }kjk dFkkoLrq dks lexz :i ls Jksrk rd igqapkus ds fy, dFkkoLrq dks ljy]
Li"V o jkspd :i esa fy[kk tk,A Jksrk rd viuh ckr Li"V djus ds fy, laoknksa dks
Hkokukuqdwy ,oa ik=kuqdwy fy[kk tk,A
2-ik=kuqdwy ys[ku %&
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ik=ksa ds laoknksa dks Hkkokuqdwy cukus ij ys[kd dk lans'k ân; dks Li'kZ
djrk gS o ikB dks le>us esa vklkuh gksrh gSA ik=ksa dk ltho o izHkko'kkyh pfj= gh
ukVd dh tku gksrk gSA ukVd dh dFkkoLrq ds vuq:i gh uk;d @ ukf;dk ds
laoknksa dk ys[ku fd;k tk,A
3- O;k[;k fof/k ys[ku&
ukVd f'k{k.k dk ys[ku x| f'k{k.k dh Hkkafr fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, dfBu 'kCnksa Hkkoksa
fopkjksa vkfn dh O;k[;k djuk iM+rk gS vkn'kZ ys[ku rFkk ik=kuqdwy ys[ku ds okn
ukVd ds egRoiw.kZ LFkyksa ds fy, bls viuk;k tk ldrk gSA
4.2.1.2 d{kk vfHku; fof/k ys[ku &
d{kk vfHku; ys[ku ls rkRi;Z gS ukVd }kjk d{kk esa vfHku; fd;k tk ldsA blesa ;s
vko';d ugha fd ik=kuqlkj os'kHkw"kk /kkj.k djokbZ tk,] dsoy ik=kuqdwy okpu
djok;k tk lds] bl fof/k esa vax lapkyu ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA blls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks
vFkZ xzg.k djus esa lqxerk jgrh gSA
4.2.1.3 jaxeap vfHku; ys[ku %&
bl ys[ku ds tkjk fo|kFkhZ iw.kZ lkt lTtk ds lkFk vfHku; djrs gSaA vfHku; djrs
gSA blls ftl mn~ns'; ds fy, ukVd fy[kk tkrk gS mldh iwfrZ gksrh gSA jax&eap ds
fy, ys[ku esa jax&eap dh rS;kj ukVd dk lapkyu] funsZ'ku vkfn ds }kjk vH;kl ds
volj feyrs gSaA mPp d{kkvksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk NksVs cPpksa ds euksjatu ds fy, NksVh
d{kkvksa dh ikB~;iqLrdksa ds ukVdksa dk ys[ku Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
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115
4.2.1.4 ;a= ys[ku &
bl ys[ku fof/k ds }kjk tks ukVd fy[ks tkrs gSa] og vkdk'kok.kh ls izlkfjr fd;s tkus
okys gksrs gSa vkSj bUgsa Vsi Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;|fi ukVd eq[;r% ns[kus ds fy, fy[kk tkrk gS] fdUrq blds lquus dk Hkh Jksrkvksa
ij vPNk izHkko iM+rk gSA
4.2.1.5 fefJr ys[ku &
bl ys[ku fof/k esa mi;ksxh va'kksa dk pquko dj f'k{kd miyC/k lk/kuksa dks /;ku esa
j[krs gq, ukV~; f'k{k.k djrk gSA
4.2 .2 Costume Designing
ukVd dbZ izdkj ds gksrs gSa tSls & ,sfrgkfld] lkekft]d ikSjkf.kd] lkaLd`frd]
jktuhfrd] dkYifud vkfnA bu lHkh ukVdksa esa vyx&vyx os'kHkw"kk gksrh gSA fdl
rjg ds ukVd esa D;k os'kHkw"kk gksxh] blds fy, vko';d gS fd ukVd dkSu ls dky
dk gS] fdruk iqjkuk gS tSls& ukVd ;fn izkphu le; dk gS vkSj vk/kqfud oL= iguk
fn, tk,sA fdlh dykdkj dks dqyh dk jksy fn;k tk;s vkSj mls jktlh oL= iguk
fn, tk,a] dqyh ds fy, dqyh ds gh oL= igukuk iM+saxs ,oa jktk ds fy, jktlh oL=
gh igukuk iM+saxsA
,d vfHkusrk dks dbZ izdkj ds ik=ksa dh Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+rh gS tSls& dHkh MkWDVj]
dHkh v/;kid fdlku] ekyh] fHk[kkjh] pijklh] yqgkj] dqEgkj vkfnA vr% ;g vko';d
gS fd vfHku; ds iwoZ mldh Hkwfedk dk v/;;u djk tk, tSls& O;fDr dh cksypky
O;ogkj] pky&<ky] jgu&lgu os'kHkw"kk] dk;Z djus ds rjhds vkfnA vfHkusrk dks
fHk[kkjh dk fdjnkj fuHkkuk gS rks rks QVs iqjkus] xans fpFkM+s vFkok iScUn yxs gq, diM+s
gksus pkfg,] mlds cky lw[ks nk<+h c<+h gqbZ] dej >qdh gqbZ] nkar xans] eqnzk eyhu] da/ks
ij >ksyk] gkFk esa fHk{kk ds fy, ,d VwVk crZu gksuk pkfg, rc og dykdkj fHk[kkjh
yxsxkA
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116
jkek;.k] egkHkkjr tSls /kkjkokfgdksa esa vkius jke] lhrk] jko.k vkfn dh os'kHkw"kk ns[kh
gksxhA egkHkkjr esa d`".k] vtqZu] d.kZ] nq;ksZ/ku vkfn ik=ksa dks os'kHkw"kk ,oa muds gkoHkko]
laoknksa ls bUgsa igpkuk gkskxkA
os'kHkw"kkls gh ge ukVd ds fdjnkjksa dks igpku ldrs gSaA vr% ;g t:jh gS fd
ns'kdky vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj gh os'kHkw"kk dk p;u fd;k tk,A
Fig4.14
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117
Fig4.15
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118
Fig4.16 Fig4.17
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119
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120
4.2.3 Short Drama on a Social Issue
yr
eap dk inkZ [kqyrk gSA nks cPps ¼rEckdw [kkrs gq,½ Ldwy cSx Vkaxs gq,] ?kj dh rjQ
tkrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA os gkFk ls eyrs rEckdw [kkrs ckrsa dj jgs gSA
jktw& vjs] lyeku eq>s rks irk gh ugha Fkk] rEckdw [kkus ls etk vkrk gSA
lyeku & vjs] rw rks dqN tkurk ugha esjh vEeh] vCcw rks jkr&fnu rEckdw [kkrs
gSa] eSa Hkh dHkh&dHkh rEckdw vEeh ds ikunku ls pqjkdj [kk ysrk Fkk]
ij vc rks [kjhn dj [kkrk gw¡A
jktw& vjs eq>s rks cgqr Mj yx jgk gS] dgha HkkbZ u ns[k ysaA
lyeku& vjs] csdkj gh Mjrk gS] ,slk dkSu lk xyr dke dj fy;kA
jktw & xyr gh rks gS] esjh vEek dgrh gS] NksVs cPpksa dks rEckdw ugha [kkuk
pkfg,A
lyeku & ;g Hkh dksbZ ckr gS] [kqn rks [kkrs gS vkSj cPpksa dks euk djrs gSaA
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121
¼nwljs dksus ls f'k{kd vkrs gq,½
f'k{kd & vjs] rqe yksx ?kj ugha x,] ;gk¡ D;k dj jgs gks\
jktw lyeku & ¼?kcM+kdj ,d lkFk cksyrs gSa½ xq:th ge rEckdw ugha [kk jgsA
f'k{kd & vjs okg cPpksa! pksj dh nk<+h esa frudkA eSaus rks rEckdw dh ugha dgha
pyks nksuksa rqEgkjs firkth] vCCkk ds ikl pyrs gSaA
¼f'k{kd nksuksa cPpksa dk gkFk idM+dj ys tkrs gSaA nksuksa [kwc tksj&tksj ls jks jgs gSa½
¼ijns ds ,d vksj ls nks O;fDr vkrs gSaA ,d gS jktw ds firkth vkSj
nwljs lyeku ds vCckA f'k{kd nksuksa cPpksa dks muds firk] vCck ds
lkeus yxkdj [kM+k dj nsrs gSA
jktw ds firkth% vjs! vki cPpksa dks ,sls idM+dj D;ksa tk, gSA D;k fd;k gS] bUgksausA
vkSj lyeku ds vCck &
f'k{kd & ,sls u ykrk rks vki yksxksa dks dSls crkrk fd ;s nksuksa rEckdw dk
lsou dj js gS oks Hkh Nqi&Nqi ds ;s tgj [kk jgs gSasA
nksuksa& ¼vk'p;Z ls½ ;s cPps rks cM+s le>nkj gSaA
f'k{kd& gk¡ gS rks le>nkj ij bUgsa eSa rEckdw [kkus dh yr dSls yx xbZA
lteku ds vCck& u gha xq:th ,slk ugha gks ldrk esjk csVk] ,slk dj gh ugha
ldrkA
firkth jktw ds& esjk jktw Hkh ,sls xyr jkLrs ij ugha tk ldrkA
jktw& firkth eSa Hkxoku dh dle [kkrk gw¡A eSa rEckdw ugha [kkrk ;s
lyeku vius vCcktku dh dksV ls rEckdw dh iqfM+;k pqjkrk gS vkSj
[kkrk gSA
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lyeku& ugha ugha vCck ;g jktw ,d uEcj dk >wBk gS] ;g ?kj ls iSls pqjkdj
ykrk gS vkSj cktkj ls rEckdw [kjhndj [kkrkrk gSA
jktw& eSa ugha] rw >wBk gSA
lyeku& ugha ugha eSa ugha rw >wBk gSA
f'k{kd& >xM+ks ugha vlyh otg ge le> x;s oks rqe nksuksa ds firkft;ksa ds
ckjs esa gSA
nksuksa& vki D;k le> x;s\
f'k{kd& ge le> x;s xyrh rqe nksuksa dh gS rqEgkjh xanh vknrsa rqEgkjs cPpksa
dks Hkh yx xbZ gSA
vCck& cPpksa ds lkeus dSlh ckrsa djrs gks rEckdw [kkus esa D;k cqjkbZ gSA
firkth& eSaus rks rEckdw ds fcuk ugha jg ldrk] D;ksafd blls esjk isV Bhd
jgrk gSA
vCck& esjh FkdkoV nwj gks tkrh gS] esjk dke esa eu yxrk gSA
f'k{kd& rEckdw ls ,slk dqN ugha gksrk ;s rks u'ks dh yr gS] tks cqjh gksrh gSA
blls dSalj gksrk gSA
nksuksa& D;k · · · ----
f'k{kd& rEckdw ls dSalj gksrk gS] ;g ,d [krjukd chekjh gSA izk;% dSalj
mUgha yksxksa dks gksrk gs tks rEckdw [kkrs gSaA
jktw ds firk& vjs] eSa rks vc dHkh rEckdw ugha [kkšxkA
lyeku ds firk& rks HkkbZ vkt ls eSa Hkh rEckdw NksM+rk gw¡A
cPps& ge Hkh vc dHkh rEckdw ugha [kk,axsA
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f'k{kd& vPNk rks vc dle [kkvks rEckdw dHkh ugha [kk;saxs vkSj fdlh Hkh
izdkj dk dksbZ u'kk ugha djsaxsA
lc ,d lkFk& ge lc dle [kkrs gSa fd ge dHkh Hkh fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ u'kk
ugha djsaxsA
4.2.4 Dramatization of Stories incidents from textbooks
ikB~;iqLrd dh ?kVuk iz/kku dgkfu;ksa dk ukVdhdjk
ukVdhdj.k dk eryc gs fd cPps fdlh Hkh ikB esa lfØ; :i ls Hkkxhnkjh djus yxsA
ukVd dks Hkk"kk dh d{kk esa ,d cgqr l'kDr ek/;e crk;k tk ldrk gS] fdlh
ikB~;iqLrd esa ls fdlh laokn dks tksj ls i<+us dh vis{kk mlh laokn dks vfHku;
lfgr O;Dr djuk fdruk izHkkoh gks ldrk gSA fdlh ikB dk ukVdhdj.k djus ij
mRlkg ds lkFk etk Hkh vkrk gSA cPps tks'k ds lkFk eafpr djus ij vkuan dh
vuqHkwfr djrs gSaA
ukVdhdj.k cgqr NksVh mez ls gh izkjEHk gks tkrk gS] ge vius ifjos'k esa dke djus
okys yksxksa dk vfHku; djus yxrs gSa tSls& MkDVj dk [ksy] fpfV~B;k¡ ckaVuk] xqfM+;k
dk C;kg vkfnA cPps bu [ksyksa esa Lo;a gh fdlh u fdlh ik= dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA ;s
ukVdh; [ksy mudh dYiuk'khyrk dks fodflr djrs gSaA
ikB dk ukVdhdj.k cPpksa ij dsfUnzr gksrk gS] ftlls fd f'k{kd ikB ds dsfUnzr Hkkxksa
ls lEcfU/k LFkkfir dj ldrs gSaA ;g lfØ; xfrfof/k gSA
fdlh Hkh dgkuh@dfork dk ukVdhdj.k vuqHko dYiuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr ds vk/kkj ij
O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij rky] xfr] /ofu] xhr vkSj u`R; dh
lgk;rk ls os u, vuqHkoksa ij ukVd dh jpuk djrs gSaA ukVdksa dh jpuk ds }kjk
'kjhj] eu vkSj Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr gksrh gSA cPpksa dks dgkuh ds dqN va'kksa dks
nsdj dgkuh dk ukVdhdj.k djok ldrs gSa] tSls& taxy esa ,d cgqr cM+k vke dk
isM+ Fkk] cPps isM+ cus] isM+ dh rjg fgysa] vkokt djsa vkxs c<+k;sa ,d L=h ikuh fy,
![Page 28: 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-3 dkB mRdhmpbou.edu.in/slm/B.Ed_SLM/beddaeb2u4.pdf · 97 bdkbZ&4 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-2 gkMZ 'khV dks](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022050312/5f73e50a43540e69823069d8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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vius cPps ds lkFk tk jgh FkhA vpkud cPps us isM+ ij yxs vke ns[ksa tSls&tSls
dgkuh vkxs c+<+s cPps vfHku; djsa vkSj viuh dYiukuqlkj dgkuh dks vkxs c<+krs tk,aA
blh izdkj ikB~;iqLrd dh dgkuh ds fdlh va'k dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
d{kk 6 dk ikB 3 dgkuh ^gkj dh thr* dk va'k ckck Hkkjrh vkSj Mkdw [kM+xflag dk
laokn &
[kM+d flag & ckckth eSa vkidks ;g ?kksM+k u nwaxkA
ckck & eSa ?kksM+s ds ckjs esa ckr u d:axkA
[kM+xflag & fQj eq>s D;ksa jksdk
ckck & cl] ;g ckr fdlh dks er crkuk fd rqeus ;g ?kksM+k dSls izkIr fd;k\
¼[kM+xflag & VdVdh yxk, ckck dh rjQ vk'p;Z ls ns[kus yxk½A
[kM+xflag & ckckth] blesa dSlk Mj
ckck & yksxksa dks vxj bl ?kVuk dk irk yx x;k rks os dHkh fdlh vikfgr
ij fo'okl u djsaxs ¼;g dgdj ckck pys x,½
cPpksa ls dgkuh vkx c<+kok, fQj D;k gqvk gksxkA
4.2.5 MAKING COSTUME
pkj dyh dk dqrkZ
lhuk & 36 bap 92 lseh-
dU/kk & 18 bap 46 lseh-
xyk & 15 bap 38 lseh-
vkLrhu & 24 bap 61 lseh-
yEckbZ & 38 bap 97 lseh-
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125
fof/k & 4 dfy ds dqrsZ dh yEckbZ 38 bap $ 1 bap gse ds fy, ¾ 3-9 bap
2&3 o 1&4 dqrsZ ds nkeu ds fy, dU/kk dk ½" ¼"
flykbZ ds fy, ¾ 9 ¼"
1&5 xys dh pkSM+kbZ xys dk 1/6 = 1 ½"
6 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq, 5 ls feykb, xys ds 'ksi ds fy,A
6&7 cVu iV~Vh ds fy, lhus dk ¼" + 2" = 11"
6 dks 7 rd dkVk tk,xkA
4&8 ekSM+k yEckbZ lhus dk ¼" = 9"
8&9 dfy ds eqag ds fy, lhus dk 1/16 + ½" flykbZ ds fy, = 2 ¾"
9&10 dPph ds fy, lhus dk 1/6 + 1½" = 7½"
11&12 ikdsV ds eqag ds fy, lhus dk 1/6 = 6"
13&14 pkd dh yEckbZ lhus dk ¼+2 = 11"
3&14 dfy ds ?ksj ds fy, lhus dk ¼ - 1" = 8"
3 dks 14 ls feykrs gq, 12 dks 13 ls feykrs gq,
13 dks 14 ls feykb, dfy ds 'ksi ds fy,A
11&12 ikdsV dk eq¡g
13&14 dPph ds fy, lhus dk 1/8 = 4½"
10 dks 15 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj
dPph ds 'ksi ds fy,A
8&16 o 4&17 vkLrhu dh yEckbZ ¾ 24"
![Page 30: 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-3 dkB mRdhmpbou.edu.in/slm/B.Ed_SLM/beddaeb2u4.pdf · 97 bdkbZ&4 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-2 gkMZ 'khV dks](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022050312/5f73e50a43540e69823069d8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
126
8 ,oa 4 ds Åij 1" gse ds fy,
16&17 vkLrhu dh eksgjh ds fy, lhus dk ¼ - ½ = 8½
uksV& 4 dfy ds tsUV~l dqrsZ esa cVu iV~Vh dkVrs Vkbe ck,¡ ¼mYVk½ rjQ ¼" de
fy;k tkrk gSA ysMht dqrsZ esa ;gh pht ¼" nk,¡ ¼lh/ks½ rjQ de fy;k tkrk gSA
bPNkuqlkj dPph esa FkksM+k lk 'ksi Hkst fd;k tkrk gSA dfy,¡ tks+rs Vkbe dfy;ksa dk
mjsch okyk Hkkx nkeu esa tksM+k tkrk gSA cVu iV~Vh dh pkSM+kbZ 1" gh j[kuk pkfg,A
ifj.kke & bl fof/k }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k oL= pkj dfy dk dqrkZ dgykrk gSA
caxkyh dqrkZ
lhuk & 36 bap 92 lseh-
dU/kk & 18 bap 46 lseh-
dej yEckbZ & 16½ bap
xyk & 15 ba
vkLrhu yEckbZ & 24 bap
iwjh yEckbZ & 40 bap
fof/k %&
1&2 caxkyh dqrsZ dh yEckbZ 40 bap
1&3 dU/ks dk ½ + ¼" = 9 ¾"
1&4 ekSaM+k yEckbZ lhus dk ¼ = 9"
1&4 ¾ 3&5 ¾ gSA
4&6 lhus dk ¼ + 2" ywftax ds fy, ¾ 11"
6&7 lhus dk 1/6 + 1" = 7"
7&8 ikdsV ds eq¡g ds fy, lhus dk 1/6 = 6"
8&9 3" ncko ds fy,A
9&10 pkd dh yEckbZ ¾ 14"
1&11 xys dh pkSM+kbZ ds fy, xys dk 1/6 = 2½"
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127
1&12 xys dh yEckbZ ds fy, xys dk 1/6 = 2½"
12 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs g,q 11 ls feykb, xys ds 'ksi ds fy,A
3&13 1½" uhps
11 dks 13 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj dU/ks ds mrkj ds fy,A
13&14] 13&15 dk e/; gSA
13 dks 14 ls feykrs gq, 14 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq, 6 ls feykb, ihNs ds ekSaM+s ds
fy,A
14&15 ½" vUnj
13 dks 15 ls feykrs gq, 15 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq, 6 ls feykb,A lkeus ds ekSaM+s
ds fy,A
6 dks 7 ls feykrs gq, 7 dks 8 ls feykrs gq, 8 dks 9 ls feykb, 9 dks 10 ls feykb,
lkbM 'ksi ds fy,A
2&10 nkeu dh pkSM+kbZ lhus dk ½ -2" = 16"
12&16 cVu iV~Vh ds fy, lhus dk ¼ + 2" = 11"
11&17 1" Åij ihNs okys nkeu ds fy,A
1 dks 17 ls feykb, xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq, ihNs dks nkeu ds fy,A
17 dks 13 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj dU/ks ds mrkj ds fy,A
vkLrhu & 1&2 vkLrhu dh yEckbZ 24" + 1" gse ds fy, ¾ 25"
1&3 vkLrhu dh pkSM+kbZ lhus dk ¼ = 9"
3&4 ekSaMs dh xgjkbZ lhus dk ¼ = 9"
1 dks 5 ls feykrs gq, xksykbZ ls 'ki nsrs gq, 5 ls feykb,A
5&6 ½" vUnjA
1 dks 6 ls feykrs gq, 6 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq,A
4 ls feykb, lkeus ds ekSaMs ds fy,A
2&7 vkLrhu xksykbZ ds fy, ¾ 7"
uksV&caxkyh dqrkZ lh/kk flEiy Iysu dqrkZ gksrk gS] ftlesa lkeus ls xyrk [kqyk jgrk
gSA xys esa mjsch iV~Vh yxkbZ tkrh gSA caxkyh dqrZ esa 2 lkbM ikdsV yxkbZ tkrh gSA
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128
psLV ikdsV ugha gksrk bPNkuqlkj psLV ikWdsV Hkh yxkbZ tk ldrh gSA caxkyh dqrsZ dh
vkLrhu bPNkuqlkj pkd okyh vkSj fcuk pkd okyh rS;kj dh tkrh gSA
ifj.kke & bl fof/k }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k oL= caxkyh dqrkZ dgykrk gSA
Fig4.20
Qkbl ihl Cykmt+
csLV & 36 bap 90 lseh-
dU/kk & 14 bap 36 lseh-
dej xksy- & 28 bap 71 lseh-
LVsi uki & 10 bap 26 lseh-
iwjh yEckbZ & 15 bap 38 lseh-
vkLrhu yEckbZ & 10 bap 26 lseh-
vkLrhu & 10 bap 26 lseh-
fof/k %&
1&2 pkSyhdV Cykmt+ dh yEckbZ 15" bap & 2 dej iV~Vh ds fy, ¾ 13"
1&4 dU/ks dk 1/12 = 7"
![Page 33: 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-3 dkB mRdhmpbou.edu.in/slm/B.Ed_SLM/beddaeb2u4.pdf · 97 bdkbZ&4 4-1 Øk¶V 4-1-1 isij dks eksM+uk vkSj dkVuk 4-1-2 gkMZ 'khV dks](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022050312/5f73e50a43540e69823069d8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
129
1&4 ekSaMk yEckbZ lhus dk ¼ - 1" = 8"
1&4 ¾ 3&5 ¾ gSA
4&6 lhus dk ¼ + ½" = 9½"
2&7 dej xksykbZ dk ¼+1 ½" ds fy, + ½" ywftax = 9"
1&8 xys dh pkSM+kbZ lhus dk 1/12 = 3"
1&9 xys dh xgjkbZ lhus dk 1/6 = 6"
9 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs g,q 8 ls feykb, lkeus ds xys ds fy,A
3&10 ikSus bap uhpsA
8 dks 10 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj dU/ks ds mrkj ds fy,A
10&11] 10&5 dk e/; gSA
11&12 ½"
10 dks 12 ls feykrs gq, 12 dks xksy- ls 'ksi nsrs gq, 6 ls feykb,] lkeus ds ekSaMs ds
fy,A
6 dks 7 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj lkbM 'ksi ds fy,A
8 ls F.P.1=10"
2&13 lhus dk 1/12 + ½" = 3 ½"
13&14 MkV dh yEckbZ F.P. ls ½ fuhps
2& ¼" Åij ysds
2 dks 13 ls feykrs gq, 13 dks 7 ls feykb,
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130
7&15 lhus dk 1/12 – ½" = 2 ½"
9 – 16 = 3"
8 dks 16 ls feykrs gq, 16 dks 15 ls feykb, pkSyh ds 'ki ds fy,A
dej iV~Vh %&
1^2 dej iV~Vh dh pkS- 3½"
2&3 dej iV~Vh dh yEckbZ dej dk
"3 – 4 = 3" ½"4
1 ywftax +½" flykbZ ds fy, = 8"
1 dks 2 ls feykb, lh/kh js[kk [khapdj
2 dks 3 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj o 4 dks 3 ls feykb,
lh/kh js[kk [khapdj dej iV~Vh ds fy,A 3 ,oa 4 ds ckgj ekftZu ds fy,A
vkLrhu &
1&2 Cykmt+ dh vkLrhu yEckbZ 10 + ¼" flykbZ ds fy, = 10¼"
1&3 vkLrhu dh pkSM+kbZ ekSaMk yEckbZ = +½ = 8½
3&4 ekSaMs dh xgjkbZ lhus dk 1/12 + ½"
1 dks 5 ls feykrs gq, 5 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq, 5&6 ½" vUnjA
1 dks ls feykrs gq, 6 dks xksykbZ ls 'ksi nsrs gq, 4 ls feykb,] lkeus ds ekSaMs ds
fy,A
2&7 vkLrhu xksy- dk ½ + ½" ywftax = 5 ½"
4 dks 7 ls feykb, frjNh js[kk [khapdj vkLrhu dh fxn~nh ds fy,a
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131
2&8 o 7&9 1½ ckgj vkLrhu dh ckVke ds fy,A
4 ,oa 9 ds ckgj ekftZu ds fy,A
uksV& Cykmt+ esa ihNs dk igyk o vkLrhu Iysu Cykmt+ dh rjg gh rS;kj fd;k
tk,xkA lkeus okys Hkkx esa pkSyh ds 2 ihl ekSaMs okyh iqV~Vh ds 2 ihl o dej iV~Vh
ds 2 ihl dkVs tk,axsA ekSaMs o dej iV~Vh dh dfVax lh/ks diM+s esa dkVh tk,xhA
pkSyh okyk ihl mjsch diM+s esa ls fudkyk tk,xkA
ifj.kke & bl fof/k }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k oL= Cykmt dgykrk gSA
iz'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k, &
1- vksjhxseh D;k gS\
2- dkxt o xRrs ds dk;Z dk gLrdkS'ky ds :i esa D;k egRo gS\
3- dk"Vdyk ds vUrxZr dyenku dSls cuk,axs cukus dh fof/k fy[ksa\
4- csardyk esa dke vkus okys fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ds vFkZ fy[ksa&
fLVDl] VkbZ] ckMZj] Qsflax fLdu] Lywbax jsfMax
5- feV~Vh ds f[kykSus cukus ds fy, feV~Vh dks dSls rS;kj djsaxsA
6- IykLVj vkWQ isfjl ls D;k&D;k phtsa cuk ldrs gSa\
7- :id esa fdu pkj voLFkkvksa dk vuqdj.k fd;k tkrk gS\
8- d{kk f'k{k.k esa ukVdksa dh D;k mi;ksfxrk gS\
9- ukV~; ys[ku fdu&fdu fcUnqvksa ij djok;k tk ldrk gS\
10- ukVd ds vuqlkj ik=ksa dh os'kHkw"kk ij ys[k fy[ksa\
11- fuEufyf[kr lkekftd eqn~nksa ij Mªkek fy[ksa ¼dksbZ&nks½
u'kk] ckfydk f'k{kk] efgyk l'kfDrdj.k] ,M~l
12- d<+kbZ dj :eky cukb,\
13- os'kHkw"kk fMtkbu dj Qkby rS;kj djsa\
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lanHkZ xzaFk lwph
1- bUVjusV dh fofHkUu osclkbZV~l
2- csardyk ys[kd i`FohukFk nj ¼izdk'kd lk{kjrk fudsru y[kuŽ
3- ekLVj dfVax cqd ysf[kdk xk;=h xqIrk ¼T;ksRluk izdk'kd ubZ fnYyh½
4- ewfrZ fuekZ.k dyk ysf[kdk 'khjha&,&vyh ¼fdrkc egy bykgkckn½
5- fp= cukus ds 100 rjhds ys[kd ds-ds- tlokuh ¼vkRekjke ,.M lal fnYyh½
6- fØ;kRed dk"B dyk ys[kd eqgEen [kyhyqy[k ¼fdrkc egy bykgkckn½
7- izkph fotqvy vkVZ~l ys[kd jes'k ekuq ¼izkph ¼bafM;k izk-fyfe-½
8- gjfnol dyk fnol ¼lh-Mh- ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-½] ubZ fnYyh