4 5ˆj˜ - unece.org · -489-l ˆj˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 canadian explosives research laboratory...

41
-473- Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Upload: others

Post on 29-Aug-2019

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-473-

5��J����4

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 2: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 3: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-475-

��J��� ����g�4 ���J��� 1%=6��

} ���/��� .�#�xJ�� .Ji�(.......................................................................... ��� F ���#$"�(�P'#6".�/��� �3�� ���#$' .............................................................. �~} u .�/��� �8-8c...................................................................................... �~� � � �c&� T/iJ� Z8� �([�8� �/�$(�� �[�&� =��#.�............................................... �~H � ^]��� 0/J�� �8/P' 9x@ B/��� � �c� ���#�� �w................................................... �H} � R#J�� .�N�#4;....................................................................................... �HH � \�(�� �o(U�� � �c�HSL.......................................................................... �G�

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 4: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 5: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-477-

��J��� �F 1������� ���A=�� ��=�'

F- q£  �� 1������� |����p[�� �A=��� 1�d N *� /,a:���H��� |P�à ����� ���� k' 9��v .Y@j li(�� N=�s� N=s� 9:� 9P#�� 9:�

�xJ��� ��(� � l�� } �w : W(3 � \h6#7� #7[ ±��Fa. DNAG �

�/3��T 10 - UX(/�(�1� � �� �6 �J8] ̂ ]�8� 7��#�� X,� Z��#� . �� �6 Zi(�� ��,���

±�#8� �3(U�� �6(78�� !�(�� :uG {; 9] �G9] #7[�� ±�� N6

� \������ ±������ ��� �6(���� ���t(� ���6( 3)� �h�� % v3R ( �(�U� �#�c� vh �P � '�

�j��� >�(�*�� �U/ ��� .3(U !',@ % 7��(U� \���� ±����' . TU)�� % ��/ �6( 31� !�6�' . �b;'

.�#xJ�� D�[� �Rj�� 2/631� ��-�� ��4L� _�! ,�� !�61� � `����6 ���/��� 9�/P �6( 3� TU� ��/:

7�,-�P�.

�6( 31� l�� F

Z8� �(��#w��� \PÑ .�#�3 D6�� �(�º �� �U¤ {; T[� G,� �(�U� D�� �/3(6#� >! � Ð

/��P'#7U�� .��)��� B�����' ���'��� N��� `t,��� °�(c.

�/PP1� ���)�� :G,�G 9Q )± G,G} 9Q ( D�6���(��#w��� \PÑ .�#�3 _� �$(]� ¶��G¶�6

)� (��(3w�� ���)�� N6

��(3w�� ���)8� \8U�� WJ��&�}F,u 9 )± G,� 9(

��P(��� ���)�� :G,FG 9Q )± G,G} 9Q ( D�6�� _� �$(]� ¶�(��#w��� \PÑ .�#�3FG�6 .

9/4

�w :G,uG ± G,G} °�i#�� ,��R� � 9Q '��3 ��4�,6 )��� ¾�[6 à��� ¾�8 � >~~ Ð

_� �(]�'��G�6

7�/��' >!�� �/�c� ��#@ . X,-��� �� \] �� �3� �Q ��Vr� N, � �R& �/�� ß!� l�z T:1� Z8� . &'

Bx��1� � �/� ��� �/�U�� W(�� �(U� �� \] �� ���(3w�� ���)�� 7/�; mt� ���Vr� N,6 ���V %

� �/ 8P �(:�H,��h�� % Bx��1� � .

N, �� ���V) ����V��Vr� N,6(

��!

­(�w \8c�! ­(� X�,-�P� {; #1� ��º & . N=�4 Z�8� ��Vr� N,6 ���V ^]z ,� ���'

��(3w�� ���)�� � >� � �4�,6 �(]�.

- \8c�,���� ­(��U��)­(�w(

N+

�w :W(3 � \h6#7� #7[ ±��Fa. DNAG � �/3��T 10 - UX(/�(�1� � �� �6 �J8]

- #7[�� ±�� l�� u

�ic . 8�� ,4(� & . �(U� �� \] �� �3� �Q mÄ ­#��8� ��3) ±����� ,�R� �(U� 2�x��

�6(8��� ��Vr� N,6 >(: ����' .( 9/�[����'2P� 9/�[� (+ �!��� ��x���

- >!�,��� N6

� #$�-�� *c� ���#V �#@ �/�c&� ��/h6#7U�) >!�)�� .��/��� ��/��P&� N6#7U�� ( � ��&� % .

�� �R� �jQ X�,-�P6 ¥��� & �v�b D'#�xJ�� �6( 3� Tc�! �/U/�Pj6 >!.

- v8��� 9/4

v/�Pj �� � �6( 3� >#h�,�� #[: �6( 3� ��! �:� �� N+

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 6: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-478-

�xJ� ��(� �)/� #�xJ��( �6( 31�

#7[�� ±��

��Vr� N,6 ���V

F � )N6( )��!(

\h6#7� �xJ� ��(� �)��/� #�xJ( #7[�� ±��

\8c�,�� ­(U�� �xJ��� ��(� � ��P(��� ���)�� \8c�,�� ­(U��

} u � )l��( )9/4( )N+(

� �[���F-F : q����' ��A=')���_(

*�_

>�� :�# &�, >��

*�_ >�� *�_

>��

u F

}

>��

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 7: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-479-

�6( 3� X(/�(�1� � ) X(/�(�� �U/ P >!���G�F �(��� ¶u},~ \4��� #���� ¶9 �,G� vk ¶9 ��,s�G,}H9 (

��Vr� ���V' T/i(� v8P ��Vr� N,6 ���V)G,}H�)��� ¾�[6 à��� °i#�� ,�R� � 9Q (

�/PP1� ���)��)G,��� ,�� �(]� �(��#w��� \PÑ .�#�3 D6�� � 9Q F~�UP6]/

)l��( )N6( )9/4( )��!(

� �[���F-. : &O� ��A=��V) 1�[��'(� �$%��� ���"��(

*�_

:�#

&�,

>��

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 8: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 9: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-481-

��J��� �. 1���D"��P���"��+���� 1����' 1���D�

F- 1���D"��P���" 15'$�' : ���#$ X,-���"�(�P'#6" � ���@� �,�� T[� �*�� �L� �(�� ,�,��� 4( �x/�3 Z8� �([L� {; �G �h�� %.

����� : & X� 24( T�t !� �,�/P �� �b; ,�,�' �J8�§ �@ .�(�� X�,-�P� ���#��� ����� . N�!� =Ç�#��' ��4�! ��!�R' � 4( �x/���� _3� �b; �/���� �6#x��� % >,@�' �4�! �L� �(�� T/8��6 �4#L� ������ �(@ ­�x���

�� _3� �b; >,@�' � �P �x/�� . ��(@ >!� �#ª'� É �m� �#�� ��/�[��� ������ % N, �� �(�� ,�,��� �/�'� ­�� N�#4;F�.6��8� �Rj�� .3/ �� Z8� �([�8� T:1� Z8� �6#� .

����+�� j�d3 : �� �3 ���@� �,�� �(U� �*�� �(���� ,�,� ,���G � 4( �x/�3 Z8� �([�8� Ð(H50) -���� � X, � 4(�� �h���� (+) � ���� �h���� '� ^�t)- ( � ���� �h���� W(�� '� � 4(�� �h���� W(�� �� �b; 2�À v�b' ^�t

#]i1� (+ . �7� �� X�,-�P� �U¤ �3¨t �B�'�� ��:#�� �� �b;' . �',4 % .3/ �� Tx��') l�� �',s� % ��F-} mjw � ( (+ �� �-8�' l�� �',s� % B F-F . !(����'} l�� �',s� � F-F ��(���� .�J��� �����

� �c� �x/�3 �� _8nxP �(�� T:56 m�N,6 �,�[� 2/�#�6 . !(���� %'F �#L� Tw¤ �i ��'�� .�!�R !,� #I�� m�!,� #J[�� ^c '� ±P1� ^c E(t . !(����'u � 4(�� �h���� !,� Z8� �(�º (n(+)) � ����� �h���� !,� '� (n(-)) T�U�

�(�P WJ��� . ­#z TiL m �( � ����� D6�#�� !(����'i × n ­#�z T�iL m �( � 0�� !(���� ����� B@ % � �/�U��i2 × n .�/���� ��!��� X�,-�P6 ^P(��� 2�º':

���

����

�±×+= 5.0

N

AdcH

S50

�/@: �= iS nN�' ( )� ×= iniA' �c = ' ��(�P WJ��� T:�d = B�J��� T� B6 E#J�� ±�(�:1� T�c�! >!(4(�� �j��� �(U�' ¶� 4( �(U� ±�(:1� Tc�! >!(4(�� �j��� �¨t �� �P �h�3 _,-�P� �b;'

� 4( �h�3 _,-�P� �b; � �P .X�,-�P6 ��/��� ��#e&� #�,�� �U¤'�/���� ��!��� :

���

����

�+

−×××= 029.0

N

ABNd62.1s

2S

2S

�/@: ( )� ×= i2 niB

����+8� :�H': l�� �',s� .3/6 X�,-�P6 F-F (+ WJ��� T:� �¨t �}G (+ B�J��� T� B6 E#J��' �9P � �9�P W(��'i × n(-) (+ }� ��(��' i2 × n(-) (+ uG ��(��' n(-) (+ }F� 2�º' ¶\8� �� ^P(��� WJ��&:

���

��� +×+= 5.012

16510H50

= 19.2 cm (+ ��/��� ��#e&�':

���

����

�+−×××= 029.0

12

163012562.1s

2

2

= 6.1

�5,��� : W.J. Dixon and F.V. Massey, Jr. "Introduction to Statistical Analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Toronto, 1969.

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 10: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-482-

:�$;

� �.-F

:��

��� �� �

�Ad�

��#�U

��� �(

���� �

h�3

- +

F�

F�

Fu

FF

F}

FG

}H

}~

}�

}�

}�

}�

}u

}F

}}

}G

H ~

� �

� �

u F

}

WJ���

�(��

�� )9P(

}

+

uG

} �

+

+

+

+

-

F�

� �

+

+

-

-

+

-

+

-

+

FG

� u

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

+ }�

F

-

-

}G

}F

}u

� :�

$;�

.-. :

�����

�� ^�]8

CA

LC

UL

AT

ION

S U

SIN

G N

EG

AT

IVE

S

i2 (-).

n(-)

i(

-).n

(-)

n(-)

i(

-)

WJ��

&�)

9P(

H u

} u

F�

}�

~ �

F FG

� �

� }

}�

#Ji

#Ji

F #Ji

}G

B =

uG =

A}�

Ns

= }F

D/µ�

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 11: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-483-

.- ��+���� 1����' 1���D

'$�'1: ���#$ �/t X,-��� � �c� �� Z8� ­(8P1� �*+ `/ �� �U¤ "�(�P'#6" . ����#$ (�+ .�/��� �3�� � �c�' j�c� �1 � ���6 ��w�� � �/�� �4�! �t(� {; �,�' .�#���6 7/t X,-��� & q�� .&L� % v�b' ��/P�L� % �

���#$ 7/��� q�� ��P(��� 9/��� 7/t �(U�"�(�P'#6"�� �� 7��6 � � �#: .

�����: ���#$ `/ �� ,�6 l�� #xJ��� � .�/� y�A "�(�P'#6" � .�/� D �! ��6 y�A 7�U�' �7/8� N6 #xJ��� . ��� ��6� � m&,6 �3� �Q �(�� 0J3 {; N6 #xJ��� � ��/� T� "n#��� �7$( +' +!(�i % �h�

>#V ��6��� �6#x��� % l�� #xJ��� ��/� �� _z#� �*�� �L� #[�� . #[��� �(�� T� ,�� �3¨t ��*+ Z8�' N6 #xJ��� � ��/�' l�� #xJ��� � ��/� Z8� �6#� �#x�� �� �c&� X,�� D ��L� .�b;' �� T�t !� �,@

9//���� � ,� ��� �x/���� �¨t �B��/��� � T�t !� �,º ³ '� �B��/��� . � ���6 T�J�� !� �(U� q�� �h���� ��'R�'9//���� % X,-��� q�� +,@' \+ l8�§ p.

����+�� j�d3: (+ p � ���6 mJ8�§ T�J�� !� �� q�� �h���� ��'R� !,� �� �b; n� �� 4(�� T��J�� !'!� !,� ��' (+ v8� �h���� ��'R� � �/P�@ T:1� .�/�8�x �� �� �x > (n-x) ���w�� �4�! �¨t �K % \�+ ���/��� �*+ �� % �Ð ./h[@; X�,-�P6 2�� ��/P�@ T:� D:�(��"�(3#6" . #�,�� �U¤'K�/���� ��!��� X�,-�P6 :

( ) ���

����

����

����

−××−×= �

=

!in!i

!n21100K

x

0i

n

�J8�§ �/�/z(� 9/: B � �3!� �',s�'k 9/: � �8�8�� x' n.

U/ .Q ./ FQ n

x

HH FHH H~ uHH H� �

HH H~ ~� �HH H� �G �

HH H~ ~� �HH H� �� ~H~ ~H �H HH� �H }G

� q�� .&L� � �3 !�!=� �B��/� % \�/�@ �j�c� !(4' X,� ��@ % ��/: �� �� mj�t ��8�» �h���� ��'R� 7/t �(U(n - 2x)� �c&� ��#��P� D >!�=�� {; ¥�� & m(�� .

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 12: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-484-

����+8� 18H'_ : � ��6 �$(8-�� B4(�Up� � ��/� _���G,G} B�6 +#�: ¼'�#�� N�(p� % ���� .�/�4 � Ð�� ' #�'#U/�u�Up� � ��/�6 �3�� �#�'#U/ ��$(8§ �Q B4(x = u ,�� n = }u _3� �$(8-�� ��/��� �� B � » �

���� ��w�� �(�� ,�� �/P�@ #w��:

�x/���� _3� ���!� ��/�6 �(���� B4(�Up� � 7/t ¦(U) ��/� �3���'x = � ,�� n = }} . ���/� �� B �� » �(�� ,�� �/P�@ #w�� �(���� B4(�Up����� ��w��:

K ( ) ���

����

����

����

−××−×= �

=

!i11i!

!1121100

6

0i

11

%4.272048

462462330165551111100 =�

��

��� ++++++−×=

��!� �Q 7/t ¦(U)�� ��/��� �� Z8� T/�! �� \��� & (+'.

1Z%8' : ��/: #�,��� ���#$ ^�6�K ��!��� X�,-�P� \+ K = 100 X { 0.5 + G(z)} �/@ G(z)/P']�� �@��� \+ B6 � ��/: �� �![�� �(��' =�#�� ,�� �![�� �(��z = n0.5 - (2x + 1)/n0.5 . ,��� �mjw��tn = }u' x = u �(�U� z =

},���}' G(z) = G,��F' K = H�,FÐ.

�5,��� :.508-503.pp,25,1975,Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology,H J Scullion

( ) ���

����

����

����

�−×

×−×= �=

!i31i!

!3121100

3

0

13

i

%4.958192

286781311100 =�

��

��� +++−×=

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 13: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-485-

��J��� �U ��+���� 18]8!

F- 1����(� 1������

D/:��t � #��� �/� Th��� % �#¤ �56 �8-8�� `/�� �U¤ ��8-8c ��@ % (+' ThP � �c� ,��R]�� . � �c&� ���#$ �,��') . TU)�� #Y3�u-} (���� (���� Z8�:

�6( 3?� \8J��� �#��� ,���) ��,�� p($ !�=� q��}GG 9 (6 '�(�8t�#�� �(6 >! � ­#���� D�� ��8@' 2�(8 N�] >!���� �(�8�� ��/J[�� � m&,6 �Bw�� . ��(@ \8c�,�� +#�: >�[: ��b&(t �6( 3� 9�8��'� % �=��# 2��� % 9

N�]�� . �/À �3# �/U/�Pj6 �6( 3� ��P�(6 �6( 3?� \8c�,�� �#��6 \� \44R ¥V# Tni(��' ­#:�' =�#�� % D�� N�]�� TJP1 �U¤ . \��� °#��� #�: �(U� �� \] ��'u� B�6 ��� #�: ¼'�#�� ��' T:1� Z8� 9 }G ' }�

#�'#U/) �/� �4�!� .( B4'#���� '� Bx��1� '� N�(p� �'# �,� �(U� �� \] ��'F~ ± � ������ % #��� .�� ¥�J� �^]��� ,��=� �!J��' 7� T� #�: ��/tz; ­(�� ��6}G�(8��� N�]�� % �9 .

.- D1�[��'(� �$%��� ���"�� 1���

Th�(���' � 8[�� !�(�8� X,-���� R7s� 0J3 (+ �8-8§ Th�(�� �xJ��� .�� �c� % X,-���� R7s� ��/� % .��J�� ��L �8/P(6 !'= R7s� �*+ �� �,� �/t �8-8-�� �Q Th��� . TU)��� % �� �c&� R7s �w !#�'

. u-F . +#�: ��8@ ��P�(6 .��J�� ���'Fu,� >#���8� T������ W(��� � �\8/�/J�� v/�Pj �� � �6( 3� � 9 \4��� +#�: ��/ ���},~ +��,4 vk' 9 G,���/��� TJP� % D�� �/À �9 .À ­(�w�� � BJ[6 ��8L� 2�w��' �/

,@�(�� l[�� % B �� T� B6 �t��� �(U�' ,@�' #�: Z8� B86�� �J[�� �(U�u,F 9 . >#�6; R#]6 ­(�w�� ¥�J��' +#�:},u �6( 31� ��,4 % 9 . 2��P ,��6 ZVj�� !U� Ì@ ×�U�� ­(�w�� �¨t �7��/ �6 �3# �6( 31� �1 m�#Y3'

� T:� \8�J�� #���� ¥ [� �/À >#6r�} 9 . �� N=4 �(U�' \��( �&� _�k56 ��8L� %#$ ,@� ,�� �6( 31� ,���' m��UK m�8Q ��8] ��b&(J�� �6( 31� % ���t �jc � N�(p� �,[� mj[�' ��/��� ��c ��8�8� �/3w�� �7s� � �6( 31�

­#���� D�� \��( �&� _�k56 . B6 ¼'�#�� ^]�6 N�(p� �#¤'uG ' }GG ̀ t,�� �,�� Z�8� �([�8� �UP6(8/� ��,:},F��/:,�� % #�� .

U- 1�d��=�� 1������

��/:! �/44R .3(�6 ���#��� �*+ % X,-���)��8] �Q#J .�#� ( >!�� X,-��� �*�� W(��� � �twU6 ��!([�� �4 .U/8/P'�(6 �4R .��t Tw �>#xJ��� . 8����� �/P�@ >!�R % +�,: ��#+I G,}� #�:'

��,: ^P(��G �� #�: Z[:� ,�=� &� Z8� �#�'#U/ FGG �� ��3 #�: �(U�' #�'#U/ F� �� T�:� ÐuG #�'#U/ .B4���' Th�(��� Z8� ���#��� �*+ ` ��' . �/�� >,��� �4L� _�! �b; ���/:,�� �/44=�� .3(� �� ���'

P� ���) >! � >�]i � ��6 �� �c&� >!� � �GG � �c&� Dz( >!�� � ,@�' #�8� 9] . �� {; �(�8-�� �#��'��Vr� �6( 3� % 5 �� É �m�6�' m�3x� m��) �(8§ ¥ [�.

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 14: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-486-

\h6#7� T�)� W'��� #+=�� ,�,L� � 2�(8 N�Q

B4(�Up� � >R�=� ���V/ DÒ)H�/�( \� \44R ¥V# .

W(3 28[�� � 2�(8 N�QSt. 35 >�]i ��b&(t �6( 3�

)N6( )��!( )'�'( )N@( . .)��( )9/(

T/i(��� ��#$� #�xJ

>y�-�� >!�� .Ji�(� ��6� ��b&(t �6( 3�DIN 2441�

>!��'St. 37 .Ji�(� ��6� DIN 1629� ��J[��u # �/U/�Pj6 �6( 3��3

B/8w��'�(8t�#�� �(6 � ��(�[ ­#���� D�� ��8@

)l��( )9/4( )N+( )��R( . .)N�( )X&(

� �[���U-F :18]8]8� 1����(� 1������

l��

>�� :�# &�,

N6

���

q�Y

>�3 >��

��N 9" &�'

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 15: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-487-

>,+)�� ��/J[�� >y�-�� >!��

_/�(��6 .�#� #�xJ��

)N6( )��!( )'�'( )N@(

.�,� ��b&(t �6( 3�

¹�(D/:�t , #�xJ�� T@ N�(p� �,[

)l��( )9/4( )N+( )��R( )N�(

� �[���U-.: 18]8]8� 1�[��'(� 1������

*�_

>��

:�#

&�,

>��

���

q�Y

>�3

>��

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 16: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 17: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-489-

��J��� �L ���� �!"� ���=� c8I :6%8� 1�+D�� :�6�"� ?N��'

��(���� =#�� ,8 �� Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory

Department of Natural Resources

CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

Ontario, Canada K1A 0G1

C �,���

INERIS/LSE

Parc Technologique ALATA

B.P. 2

60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte

France

F �3#t

Abteilung II

Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung

Unter den Eichen 87

D - Berlin 12205

Germany

D /3���

TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory

P.O. Box 45

2280 AA Rijswijk

The Netherlands

NL �,���(+

Technology and Safety Division

Transport Policy Bureau

Ministry of Transport

2-1-3 Kasumigaseki Chiyoda-ku

Tokyo 100, Japan

J �6�/��

Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Dangerous Properties of Materials

6, Annopol Street

03 - 236 Warsaw

Poland

PL �,��(6

The State Committee of the Russian Federation on

Defensive Branches of Industry

Central Scientific and Design Bureau

20 Goncharnaya Street

Moscow, 109240

Russian Federation

RUS \P'#�� !�&�

Laboratorio Oficial Madariaga (LOM)

Alenza ly2

Madrid 28002

Spain

E �/3 P;

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 18: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-490-

���� �!"� ���=� c8I :6%8� 1�+D�� :�6�"� ?N��')����(

(������ =#�� ,8 �� Saab Bofors Dynamics AB

Research and Development

Explosives

S-691 80 Karlskoga

Sweden

S ,�(����

Eidg. Gefahrgutinspektorat

Richtistrasse 15

CH-8304 Wallisellen

Switzerland

CH �#��(P

HSE, Health and Safety Laboratory

Harpur Hill, Buxton

Derbyshire SK17 9JN

United Kingdom

GB >,���� �U8���

Associate Director for Hazardous Materials Safety

RSPA/DOT

Washington D.C.

USA 20590

USA �/U�#1� >,���� .�&(��

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 19: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-491-

��J��� �Q no��� ��=+� 18�P� &A3 X���� �� �!� 1����� :�H'

F- $�''1

q�� 0/J���� ��P ,�,� % X,-��� ^]��� 0/J�� X�i 9x@ B/��� ���#$ "#�� �*�� �w�� �*+!,K �(�� \:(t ,/��1 �n/� �(�� ��#7i '� ��/P' 2h�(P ��'@ % ¬��(��� ��@ % +�t(� B��� . W(3 �

� /�#� '� '�' W(��� � T�J��� �/��b >! '� '�' .+ ,����' . /�#�� � ���6 �3� B � �/ �#� .3/6 Z8� ���#��� �* ��@ % ^]��� 0/J�� �8/P(� �@� T:� B6 � ���� �(U� T�J��� �/��*�� !�(�� . /�#� '� ��(���� �/:(J�� ,/P�1�

���P #n][ ��#7i X�,-�P6 7�//�� �U¤' ��6� � �3 ��#7[�� ��P' ¬��(���}G.�#�� .� %' �-�� �.�� �c& .�'L� ��@ % ��!�� '� �����6 ��#7[8� �8U�� �$@r� �� ����� .&,��8� ��'� .&,�� #n][�� ��#7[��

� �3 ,�t "�#�t6 �=��� y� >��#L� ���3� ���'=��� ��(���� ���7[�� '� ��/P(��} �=��� � �h�� % ) B�#�J�� #Y3�� -F -} -}u -~ '� -F -} -}u -H � �/4b(���� �/�/Y���� ��hj�� .( B�� �� ���#V �#c� E#$ X�,-�P� �U¤'

�8/P' 9x@ E#��� v8�)ThP' '� ( � �(�� ��#7i '� . h�8� ��/P' ��'@ � !'=�� ¬��(��� ��@ % 0/J���� '� m/��b W����� T8���� �/8�� �jc >,�[��� !�(�� D/M 0/J�� T4� �����6 ��#7[8� �8U�� �$@r� >#�t �jc

>,@�' ��P �� T�� & >,�.

��J£ :W��3 :���\� ��['E �� �I"� K J!�� " 1������ ¡J� . ��N �xE 1�!� )z�7��O :�7�3"� �J� ��N �xE� �_ |o +� ���t )���d�� ���� {E ���+� Å qY�o�� ���� K W��r� W8�+� �_ k[7�� k' J!�� ���� �!� >��,E

�� �I"� K �J�.

.- #���� Y�p;�

�/8U�� ���P �,[8� T6��� �Q 28[�� � � �c� N�' � #n][�� ��#7[�� �(U��}G.�#�� . !'=�' +#�: ���J6 ��#7[8� �(8��� ¥����} '� ���#7[�� '� ��/P(�� 2h�(��� ��'@ � ^]��� l/JA X�i \�� �9

X�[6N�(�� 9x@' 0/J���� �@� B6 � ���� X�,-�P6 �#�: !,º ^]��� l/J-�� \�/�@ . \�� �#c� ���t ¦�+'�xJ3� °#�6 `8]�' ¬��(��� ��@ % 0/J���� ���t . .��t .�b ¥hJi X�,-�P6 �*+ 0/J���� ���t #�: �/]� �U¤'

#���� �J8�§ .w�� °#�8� �xJ3&� ^]z �(U� �� \] ��' ��P ��#7[�� % _ }G Z[:1� E=���� ^]�� m�'� .�#�� ��#7[�� '� ��/P(�� 2h�(��� ��'@ % _ w�P q�� �xJ3&� °�#:1 . � �c&� ^]z � T:� ^]��� �*+ �(U� �� 2ª'

����� ��#7[8� .�'#I % ��#7[�� p "#��� q�� �(]��� 2P�� �(�� ,�� >!� !n,º �xJ3&� ^]z' ���!��� T���� v�b �Q '� �.�(��� ­U�3� '� ���#7[�� ­j�3� 2 �6 Th��� �� ����� ·�P'�,/p� ^]��� Tw . ,�'=� 2ª'

��P N�(��}G . h��� ��'@ '� ��#7[�� Z8� �� w�� °�#:1� '� °#��� ^]z � )� !,K ^]z �� �xJ3� °#�6 .�#�� �8������ (���� Z8� ��/P(��T���� % �6 . %z; �xJ3� °#�6 � �c&� N�' ,�'=�6 Zi(� �/�� ­ P1') �xJ3&� ^]z

��(@ ��~G�h�� % ��P � �c&� N�(� \�/�[��� ^]��� � }G.�#�� ( ��@ % �/tz; 0/J�� ���J� >� � ���t D���J�� #�: �� �b; � �c&� N�(� ¬��(��� m��]i ��-��.

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 20: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-492-

' ×/$�#c '� \h6#7� B-�� l8� �Th��� ¥�P �(�� _� �� �c&� N�(� \4��� ¥���� !'=�N6#7� �,[� �8oi( B-�� . \:(J�� ,/��1� +,�(� q�� >��#L6 #�5��� �'! _6� �,�� N�(�� .�(�K B-�� \] ��'

T�J��� �/��*�� >!�� '� �(���� . �'� �(U� �� \] ��' �(i(�� � ��@��� �:��� �'#I % ��¹U¤ ��,�� B-���� l8 ­(��� B-���� �,� {;) W#J�� #Y3�u .(�/t=c �/�� '� �(8c �4R '� �#-i �([6 �8U6 N�(�� �=��'..

�(��� % ��!(4( ����� �����#@ .4'!= �j� ��P�(6 ��#7[�� Tc�! >��#L� �4�! ±��' Th���):W���' �(8��� ¥���� ­# (�R]�� �(��� % >,@�'' . � ,�5�8� Th��� �(��� % �����#@ ��4'!= X,-���'

B-���� 03� . R74 ��P�(6 ^]��� Tx��')>=74� ( ��U¤ ^]��� �:$ T�(���)7�U¤ ( �J/J��� .��]��� T/x�� ���#���')GGG }T:1� Z8� �/3w�� % ���3 (^]��� % . . TU)�� ¥�z(�'�-}� �c&� �/�'1 �8w� . �([L� �U¤'

>!'#� Th�(P '� � 8i !�( �� D�s 9�[ ¥�� "(@ % m�(z( ��#7[�� �� �b; �/tz; .(8� Z8�.

� P� �� .t� �/t #t(�� D:( % .�� �c&� �#� �� \] ��' . N�#4; �U¤ �3¨t �v�*� T�, �'% � �c&�7/t ^]��� 9��#� D�� 0/J�� .��t' �/t� ��(� ThP(6 >!'= ��/[@ �t#Q . .�,��� �(U� �� \] ��'

,@ ß!� {; ���V&� #$§ T/8��� �xJ3j� >!� ��/[L� �t#]�� % �,-���� �/h6#7U�� . w�� �_ |o +� ��_ �v�����P �8%��� ��A�+' �_ ����t� �' ���� �!"�.

U- �� �!"� K 9$]�d�� X]d��� :$�' j�d3

­(8��� ���#L� T�L� ��,� �¨t ��'=� �Q ��#7i '� ��'=� �Q ��/P' . hP ��'@ _3� �b; >#�J�� % B �� (���� Z8� �(U� ��,x8��-F-}-}u-~�/4b(���� �/�/Y���� ��hj�� � . . h��� ��'@ {; � ���6'

�� �Q ��/P(�� �#�)� ��'=��� ��#7[�� '� ��'=��/4b(���� �/�/Y���� ��hj�� m&!� N�(8� ���#L� T�L� �(U� �� � �3 !(4' X,� "�#�t6 ��,x8� ���#L� T�L� �/�; mt� �R��� y� >��#L� ���3&}�h�� % �=��� � .

�� �/���� .(8��� �t(� �B-���� �,� ­�L �X=8�' ,/��1�' ��#7[�� '� ��/P(�� ��'L�T�J��� �/��b >!�� '� �(���� \:(J��:

Fr = #�V �� B-��8� "n#��� ��#7[�� N=4) ���/�6} ' ��'=�� ��Q ��#7[��� ��� �b; G,G} m&'=� ��#7[�� �� �b;( [-]

Mt = �b >!�� '� �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� �8�� �M;' T�J��� �/�l/J-��� >! ]9]�[ K = ��R��� �� �8� ���#L� T/i(��� T� ].�'.X-}/�J8�-}[ L = ��R��� �� ��� vk ]X[ U = K/L = >��#L� ���3� T� ].�'.X-}.�J8�-}[ A = ��#7[�� '� ��/P(�� ��'L� � �88 �� �@��� ]XF[

Cp = �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� � /�#�� �/�(��� >��#L�T�J��� �/��b >!�� '� ]�(4.9]�-}.�J8�-}[ Tpo = �/��b >!�� '� �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� � /�#� >��#@ �4�!0/J���� �'#I % T�J��� ]�J8�[

qi = >#V �Q >�([6 �zo#��� >��#L� ].�'[ qd = >#V >�([6 �zo#��� >��#L� ].�'[ F = �=��� T� ]-[

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 21: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-493-

L� �(c, 2�º' >��#qi "n#��� ¥���� y� �.�(�6 >#V �Q >�([6) �'=��� N=s� ( B��!��� X�,-�P6)} (')F (�3!�:

( )[ ] 82.0ri AF1F70961q ×−××= )}(

�/@: F =¶�=��� T� F =} ���'=��� �Q �/�'1� ��@ % '�

��'=��� �/�'1� ��@ % )F(

��/: ­�@ ,��'F ��,: l��� T� ` �� �F� ��,�t >��#�G ��@ % �=��� >NJ� � Ð�!@ W(:'.

>��#L� �(c,'qd "n#��� ¥���� y� �.�(�6 >#V >�([6) �'=���� �Q N=s� ( ��!��� X�,�-�P6 2����)u (�3!�:

[ ] 82.0rd AFF70961q ×××= )u(

�/@: F = �=��� T� =}) �'=� �Q(

�\8U�� B-���� �,� 2����'dT/dt) �J8�/��/:!( X�,-�P6 �����6 �$@r� {; �=�� �*�� ��!���)� (�3!�:

60)(

/pt

di

CM

qqdtdT

+= )�(

:�5H'F::�?�' ���p

��P \4b(¸ ��3 ��#7[� � ���6FGXu

Fr = #V �� B-��8� "n#��� ��#7[�� � N=4 = G,G} Mt = b >!�� '� �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� �8�� �M;l/J-��� >!' T�J��� �/�� = }�F�~9]� K = ��R��� �� �8� ���#L� T/i(��� T� = G,Gu}.�' .X-}.�J8�-} L = ��R��� �� ��� vk = G,G��X U = K/L = >��#L� ���3� T� = G,�.�' .X -}.�J8� -} A = ��#7[�� � �88 �� �@��� = �GX F

Cp = /�#�� �/�(��� >��#L���1� � �(���� \:(J�� ,/ = FGGG�(4 .9]�-}.�J8�-} Tpo = 0/J���� �'#I % �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� � /�#� >��#@ �4�! = }GG º��(´

47032

)923(2 poTU

F−

=

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 22: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-494-

�(U�'

:�H'. : 1��?��� �v 1��P�� ���d�� �����3

��P ��'=� �Q �/4b(¸ ��/P' . hP ��'L � ���6},FX u) >��#L� �(c!qd ^�t #V ��:(

Fr =#V �� B-��8� "n#��� ��#7[�� N=4 =} Mt =l/J-��� >!' �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� �8�� �M; =G}F }9]� A =��/P(�� . h��� ��'@ � �8�8 �� �@��� =�,G�X F

Cp =�(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� � /�#�� �/�(��� >��#L� =}HG F�(4 .9]�-}.�J8�-}

�(U�'

L- �� �!"� 1���D

Nj��� ��4�! T�s �6(8��� T�J��� �/��b >!�� '� �(���� \:(J�� ,/��1� �/�U6 � �c&� N�' ?¤ ��!� N�(��) N�(�� 9xÀ �3�� ( ��#7[�� % `n ��P q�� Nj�&� �4�! 0J��) \+ �Nj�j� �4�! Z[:�HG ��h�� %

9xL� �( ���J�� .�b ��/J[�� 2�#� É �)}( J3&� °#:' �6(8����x . T� #�: �xJ3� °�#:� ��6�� 2/�#� Dh)�� �' 7�F�G ���P ��3 ��#7i % 9 FGm�$ . ��(@ ��,: � �c� N�' ���J� #�: #I�� �*+'}}9 .

����������������)}( i Z8� 0/J���� � �c� N�#4; T : ���6 #n][ ��#7}G E���� ��/z 0/J�� ­�� N�#4¨6 Zi(� �.�#�� )}GG-FGG \8

#�� ( �3��� �]�6 �/�'� 7/t X,-��� ­�� '�) <}GG�6 ( ���' >!��� �� ����� Z[:1� ^]��� ��5� �� .(8� Z8� �([�8� v�b' ���P #n][ ��#7i Z8� � �c� �'1 �6(8��� ���J�� #�:}G.�#�� .

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 23: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-495-

{; \h6#7U�� �/��� T/i(�6 ­(8��� �,��6 N�(�� �n-��' B-���� l8 . X�,-�P� ���, �� % �U¤' \:(�J�� ,/���?� W������ T8���� �4�! � Z8�� >��#L� �4�! ¥ [� �� {; ­(��� �,��� � Z8�� B-�� �,�

��,�� T�J��� �/��b >!�8� '� �(����� º ��(´) ²R' >( ����G 9]� (. ­(��� �,��� X�,-�P� \] ��' ,�� {; �(i(�� �*+ >��#L� �4�! . 78��56 �6#x��� �jc � �c&� N�' Tc�! ^]���' >��#L� �4�! T/x�� 2ª' . °#�: E=Ä ,�6'

>,� B-���� �8i�( \] �� ��xJ3&�uG >#��� .���5��� D/M ±/: � ,�5�8� v�b' �m �#�� ��/:! . z�$��� >�� �� cI������ �!"� >�+�_ .� )�� �!"� $��������g #�� �_ {E >�I�� k' j���O"� 9$I |o +.

���J�� #�: �/]� \] ��') �4L� _�! �b; ( ^]�z Z[:� +,�� ,�=� & � P� ���t B/�� 9�� �� {; >#�J�� % �/8� °([��� ^]��� �� Tnx��- �h���� 9//�� ���#$' � �c&� ��� . ,��� E#J�� ��,� �(U� �� \] ��' ���

!,�� >!��R '� 0/J���� .��t #�: >!�R �� ���#7[8� � ���6 m/8�� �@��� .��/�6 m� �# B/��� ��#�: T� B6.��J�� . T�J��� �/��*�� !�(�� '� ��(���� �/:(J�� ,/P�1� =ö�#� �Jc �N��:&� ,�� �U¤' . B�# � �c&� N�#4; \] ��'

(U� �*�� �(���� %�/t� ��P .�b 0/J���� ���J� �/8U�� �@��� �/t �.

Q- ����'����+�� &���� 1���D� �� �!"�

� P��� '� /3,�� 0/J���� ���t �@� ­�@ �U¤) ,��=� 0/J�� ���t #�: X�,-�P� m&( � �� �b;ß!1� #���� Z8� ( ���#7i '� ��/P' 2h�(P ��'LAIBC '� Atanks (m2)�P6 � � P��� '� /3,�� 0/J���� ���t �@� X�,-

\8� �� 0/J���� N��� Z[:1� ^]��� �/t ,�=� & �*�� � �c&� % >!,��:

- ��#7[�� � �c� ^]z �� ,�=� & ����7[�� ��@ %) >#�J�� % N4 ��'�-F-}-}u-� � �� T�� & � �c� ^]�� ��#7[�� 9o�[�G,��UP6]/ (�

- % ,�=� & ���/P(�� 2h�(��� .�'L� ��@ ���/�6 ^]���� ±�/� �(�,� ���FGG >#�J8� m�t' .y�c� �b; ��UP6(8/��-�-�-~-� �� � 24(� Z8�� '� ��/4b(���� ��hj

��8��� 7��Ä ��t�(��[�-��

��#7[�� '� ��'L�' � �c&� N�' Xx@�'.

(�� ��/���� ���!��� Xo,��'��#7i '� ��/P' 2h�(P ��'L /3,�� 0/J���� ���t �@� W:

��/P(�� 2h�(��� .�'@ ��@ %: ����

��×=

ltest vesse

ltest vesseIBCIBC V

AVA

���7[�� ��@ %: ����

��×=

ltest vesse

ltest vessektantank V

AVA

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 24: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-496-

�/@:

Atest vessel = ���P � �c� N�' 0/J�� �@�}G.�#�� ]#�F[ AIBC =��/P' 2h�(P ��'@ 0/J�� �@� ]#�F[ Atank =��#7i 0/J�� �@� ]#�F[ Vtest vessel =��#7i 0/J�� �@� ]#�u[ VIBC =��#7i 0/J�� �@� ]#�u[ Vtank =��#7[�� 9x@ ]#�u[

w�:

���P �'=� ��#7i % W(z( \4b(¸ �(�� \:(t ,/��1 � ���6FGX u:

Atest vessel = �� ���J� � �c&� % .!n,� q�� /3,�� � P��� �@���0/J�� = H,� × }G-�X F Vtank = ��#7[�� 9x@ = FGX F

Vtest vessel = � �c&� N�' 9x@ = G,G}X u

25

tank m19.001.0105.9

20 =××=−

A

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 25: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-497-

����#@ .4'!=)R]�� â�#t % >,@�'' Th��� % �����( B-�� l8/B-�� �V($#c

��/�c� ��#i ^c �=�

^]z ±/�)#�(3(��/�c� � �^]��� l/JA X�i��/�c�

�xJ3� °#: ���t � ��/Ji

Z8� 2��# �(K' ^]��� l/JA X�i '� ^]��� �:$ �(KT

)l��( )N6( )9/4( )��!( )N+( )'�'( )��R( )N@( ) N�(

�[���*�_ Q-F : 1�P >�I�F/��=+��� ���� �!" �����

N@��R

'�'

N+

��!

l��

N6

9/4

N�

N@

R��'�'

N�

N6

��!

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 26: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 27: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-499-

��J��� �a Y�=�� ��>��,E

F- ��o��

}-} �#4; ���[�� X,-��� !�(��' ��8�J��� ^/�-��' �X�� !�(�� �/8� �(��� �*�� #��� B/��� R#J8� .�N ��(3w�� ���(���' �.x����' ���/P(�� . #�(�����' �� �� N��� �j��� ���� �([: �/� �� .�N�#�4r� �*+ X�,-�P�'

�Ur� �,�6 �3(5 >,�,s� ./8����' ���(��� �� � ,�5�8�' . �#Y��� 9//���� � �J/�(� � >!� .�N�#4r� �*+ l�5��' l/�[� .�� �c� {; �4L� �',6 #$-�8� 2P� 9//�� T�� � >�w� .&@ % �UÄ \+' �E���� >�]i .�� �c�'

E���� ��P�' . 8�� �� ��´/ �� % >�z .���5� �� T8��' ��6(8��� >!�� �/�� T8�� �� v�b �5V �' .�� �c&� �/�� T,@ ß!� {; ���'#��� �Q.

}-F R#J�� .�N�#4r �8w� ¢,�� (+ T/�*��� �*+ � "#]��' . .�N�#�4; �� D� `t�#��6 ��,-�P� \] ��' �8[�� .�b .�� �c&� .�(�� .,� % ��/ R#J8� . TU)6 R#J�� .�N�#4; �h�3 5 ��� �!,�� �1� ×+ >��# D'

� �/ 8P �x/�3 Z8� �([L� ,�� l/�[��� � �c� N�#4; 7/t X=8� & q�� .&L6 2P . 7J�i(6 X,�� .�N�#4r� �*+' m�� 4; 0/� 7�,-�P�' ���!V�; .�N�#4; . D 2P� � ��� Z8� �([L� ���#V �#c� R#t .�N�#4; X�,-�P� R(ª'

!�(�� � \8/wÄ E�3 Z8� l/�[��� .�� �c�2P� �� ×+ ¦�+ �(U� ��'.

.- C��+��

F-} T��8� 7¤,�� T : >,�,4 >! �� #$-� 9//�� N�#4; \] �� . R#�J�� .�N�#4; X�,-�P� �����,6 ��U¤' ­(8��� 9//���� N�#4r T/�*��� �*+ % >!��(�� . .�N�#�4; `�/ �� \�] �� �#$§ !(4' Z8� 9//���� .�N�#4; �,� ,��'

/�[����8U�� l.

F-F ��3x���' ��6w�� !�(�� ^/�§' !�(�� Z8� &; R#J�� .�N�#4; ` ��� &' . N��� T[J�� �(8-�� �� �b¨t��J3 �(8-�� {; �tzr6 �(8-�� % ��t �(U T� Z8� m��� R#J�� .�N�#4; */J�� \] �� �3¨t �T����.

F-u >!��(�� .Y@j�� Z8� ,/�5��� �#ª %}-}-F W#J�� � } " �� �,�" �� "#��J�� �� �356 �l/�[��� �/�'�� p ¦#��' v�*6 �[�§ ��8P \+ .�� �c&� �#� q�� ��8���.

U- #��� Y�t ��>��,E1��A=� ^��6! �� �[� $O  ��

u-} �(U� �� % � �)� q�� >,�,s� !�(�8� � ���6 R#J�� .�N�#4; X�,-�P� �U¤���xJ� �h[c p . ,��' � �)�� !�(� ���xJ��� �h[�� �P��!�-} � �)�� � ��(���� �/:(J�� ,/P�1� '� T�J��� �/��*�� �-F N=s� {; D4#� �

W#J�� {;' T/�,�� �*+ � <w���-} T/�*��� �*+ � . N���; "#]6 ��(�[�� !�(�8� .�N�#4r� v8� T����� &� \] ��')��5������� ­��1� ��5� '� \8�� ��xJ� .(

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 28: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-500-

u-F >!��R \��/� T�J�� �� �U¤ N�=4 % ��/� �/h/�/� .�(�� !(4(� � @[ ���xJ��� �h[�� ̂ ]��� '� >��#L� �4�! % m�,4 ���#P . ����@�' ���8�J��� .�(�µ� �*+ Tw !(4' B/�� R#J�� .�N�#4; �,7���'

#�6 �:��� Ej$;�� . �� �#�� % �(� ��� .�N�#4; `/ �� \] �� �3¨t ��xJ3j� �86: >!�� �� R#J�� .�N�#4; .!,@ �b¨t} ) #Y3�}G-u.(

1Z%8' : �xJ��� �)�3� �, ,�,� � �c� N�#4; X=8� &) ��(�µ�} W(��� )� (( ����xJ��� �,[8� �/P�L� � �c� '�) ��(�µ�F W(��� )� (( _3� �b; � T:� >��#�8� ��,[�� ��(���� !�(�� �je� �:$ ~GG �(4 /X�#Q . !�(��� ���@ %'

{; 788� �:$ T[� q�� ��(���� !�(�� ^/�§' ��(����~GG �(4 / 28��� �#w�5t X�#Q ���� �c&� N�#�4; #1� })� ('F)� ( ��/���� �'p� � �c&� �x/�3 _3� �b;MK.IIId) '�'-} (� ��/���� �'p� � �c� ')'�'-F( �R'�#� � �c� '� �

X6)'�'-u ( 9:� \P/: #�xJ� ��P�(6 ��Vr� N,6 ��@ %~) #Y3� T/�*���} ( \+"&" . ��L� �*+ %' ��x/�3 y�|��� ��� �c&�})� ('F) � ( \+"-".

u-u � �#�� .�#xJ� % �( ��� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� &} � % �/���� .&L� �:

)�( N�=�s� % >!(4(�� ���xJ��� �h[-8� � @[ �/h/�/� .�(�� ,4(� & ,�� . B ��' �',s�"l�� �-}" '� ¶N�=s� % ���xJ� �h[c !(4' {; �)� ,: .�(�µ �8w�

� :�$;�a-F :�� #��� K 1��A=� ^��6! {E ��� 1����7�N ��I7� 18H'_1���

185H'_ 1� �N���� 17d�� �,/8/�P� �B8/�P�F�}-���! ¦-D ) �Q ¦

��(���� X(/w/8�� . �# �!�/��#Q lV�(� ¦-� ��,�-�,� ,�R��,/+ T/3(J8P ���R��,/+ �X(/3'R�! ¼j� ��/�J/�� 'Rd . �# �,�R� >�'x� B4'#�3 .��b

,/3'R'� ��/:(t ,/P�� � Bx��� .��b>�'x �B4'#�3 ,/P�� �'R'#�3 . �# �'#�3 . �# �.�#�3 �B� T/��'�,/+F�}-�'R��� �-�

B��(8t �B��(8� �-B4(�+ T�R'!(�; . �# �.��(8� E(t �.��(8� �-B4(�+

)­( �(�� ,�� .�(�� Z8� >!�� ���xJ� �h[È ^ �#� �/h/�/� �(�U�' Bx��1� T�)�/i� � T:� ­(��� Bx��1� ,-FGG.

\h/�/U�� T�J�8� Bx��1� ,/i� 2�º:

CxHyOz + [x + (y/4)-(z/2)] O2 � x CO2 + (y/2) H2O

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 29: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-501-

�/���� ��!��� X�,-�P6:

'� ¶oxygen balance =

)�( �(�� � 03x� �(8§ '� ��(���� >!�� �(�� ,�� �/h/�/� .�(�� Z8� �(�º ��(���� ! � T:� >��#�8� ��,[�� �je&� �:$ �U� ���xJ� �h[È ^ �#��GG �(4 / X�#�Q . �,� �'

� T:� >��#@ �4�! % >��#�8� ��,[�� �je&��GG º��(´ .) D� �,7��� >��#L� �4�! ,@ �Q ��(���� !�(�� � � � !,� Z8� .�N�#4r� `/ �� % N^ �6 T8��� 7�U�' �xJ3j� �86���

� Z8�� >��#@ .4�!�GG º � #w�� *h,�� 7� `8���' ��(´�GG�(4 /X�#Q .( ��U¤'� P� ���#$ X�,-�P6 >��#�8� !���� �je&� �:$ B/�� <(8�� ±/�8� ) #Y3�FG-u-u-u.(

)!( ��(���� �Q >,������ !�(�� ^/�-� � ���6 � �)�� ��-} >! D )!�( ( �(�U� ���(����(���� �Q >,������ >!�� =/�#�:

- � T:�}� ��´ ���� ���(�� % _J�i �b; ��R(�6 Б} ‘) ��/�� #$�§ ( '� ‘F ‘)��P(� #$§(¶

- � T:�uG �´ ���� ��(�� % _J�i �b; ��R(�6 Бu ‘)��J-� #$§.(

u-� U� ,�� �( ��� .�N�#4; ` �� �.�#xJ��� � �t'#� �/�� �� Z8� �(�º �(8§ �� >� � >!�� �( � �#�� %}.

L- 1�� ���P �[� $O  �� n���]�� Y�t ��>��,E) 1 ����U(

�-} �8���� �6(78�� ^/�-�� Z8� &; N�#4r� ` ��� &)}( �=�/�#�6 ��t'#� �6(p Th�(P Z8� �(�� q�� . v�b {; ' �.t��� '� .�#�/�( �� Tw >�/$ �Q .3(U Z8� �(�� �� T��º �� �;' �>!,K . ,��,� B���� &'

% ���/ �� ���#��� X�,-�P6 ��(8-�8� �6(��� �/(�� ���3 _3� �b; �6#x��6 ^/�-�� �*+ �/' ���3�-F ,��=� ��ºT:1� Z8� ��(´)F(�� �[��� �/��8[�� �b l/) Fu º��(´' �G º��(´��(��� Z8� �(���#V' :

)�( �:,6 mt'#� �(8-�� 2/�#� �(U� ��) 9//��8� ��Ó �2/�#��� � !,K E�3 p >!�� _3� �b;�6(�K ���V� �4�! T:�(¶

����������������)}( >�/$ .3(U ��P Ì@ �(�� q�� ^/�-�8� ­�L� ���#$ ��i . �; �Æ� Ì@ Ü . .�3(U�� �*�+ �(�U� �� �U¤'

.�#�Pr�' �./�(�U��' �.�#w�r�' �.3(6#�'�,/p� Tw �6(p Th�(P) .j�#�1� N�w�P6( �/��' � . q�� ^/�-�8� � ���6 ���K �Q ²� ,/6 �(��' ��x87 . �#/' �/��y� '�/�8�J� .j�#�� �� mj�t ���(JP(t '�.)F( � T:56 �8[�� �b l/�[��� �/� �� ,�=� �6(��� �/(�� ���3 _3� �b;�º ­��L� ���#$ X�,-�P� X,� R(ª ���(´

­�x��� `�#$ �� �/(�� ���3 ,�,� \] ��'.

weightmolecular2

21600

���

��� −+

×−z

yx

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 30: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-502-

)­( mt'#� �(U T� �xJ3& ß!1� ,L� �(U� ��)� 2P� � ��� T� `/ �� 2ª �#���� ,� � �c&� �'#I �jc �#c� >��#@ .4�,� .3/ �� �*+ ( ,�L� ­��L ���#$ �� mj�t

¶�(8-�� �xJ3& ß!1� )�( !(�4( �(�U TU� mt'#� �$)3 T�' D )�� R]�� ^]z >��#@ �4�! !���� �(U� ��

¶�(8-�� % )!( m�3x� Th��� �(��� �(U� ��.

�-F !#�% � P� ���#$ li' :Gmehling and Rasmussen (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundament, 21, 186, (1982)) . .�3(U�� � ���V&� �4�! 2�� �.t��� '� .�#�/�( �� Tw �>�/$ �Q .3(U Z8� �(�º �*�� �(8-�8� � ���6'

>�/��� . $ �4�,6 &; �JÓ & �/��� �Q �(U�� �� y���' T:� �6(��� ���V&� �4�! �(U�' . �*�8� \´�=s� ^]��� �J/J�/��� ��/��� � �8/´z �4�,6�.

Q- 1�� 1 8 #�' �[� $O  �� #��� Y�t ��>��,E) 1 ����L(

Q-F �I�=��� 1���x �[� $O  �� #���) 1 ����L-F(

T�J��� �/��*�� !�(�� l/�[� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� &) W#J�� #Y3�FG-� (�/���� .&L� %:

)�( �T��J��� �/��b °�(c '� ���xJ� °�(È ^ �#� N�=s� % �/h/�/� .�(�� ¦�+ �U� ³ �b; l�� B�',s� % !#�'�-} l��' �-F'� ¶.�(�µ� �*p �8w�

:�$;�*�_ a-. :=��� ^��6! {E ���  �� 1����7�[�� ��I7A78� 18H'_1����� #��� K Æ�J�� �I�

185H'_ 1� �N���� 17d��>,������ "ã?� ��(���� ¼j1� �B8/3�(�+ �T�#�3(�/� �/8�J��� ��! � ��(��

T/3(J8P ,�R��,/+ �T/3(J8P ,/3/P �T/3(J8P ,/�+ 2� -� _/JP(t (t -�

��,�#�R� �,/��( �; >#�( .�8@ .3/P �BJ/�'� ��� ) �Q .�(�

)­( ·�b �je&� �4�! �(U� ���(�� !�( >,� � 03x� �(8§ '� >,/@' ��(�� >!� � ���6 � Z8�� >�,��� W������� º �� T�:� >��#�8� !���� �je&� �:$ �(U� '� ��(´uGG

�(4/X�#Q . �,-�P6 �je&� �:$' �je&� N,6 >��#@ �4�! B/�� �U¤' � �P� ����#$ X <(8�� ±/�8�) #Y3�FG-u-u-u.(

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 31: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-503-

�-F |���8��� C���34� 18��O �[� $O  �� #���) 1 ����L-.(

�-F-} l/�[� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� & �:�#L� Th�(���' � 8[�� !�(�� �� ���'���'� ��3r� % �>y�� B � ,�� D _�j� �b; m/h�8� T��)� & >!�� ��!��� >��#L� .4�! ,�� N�(p� ) �t#]�� >��#@ �4�! % . w�6 �t'#� >!�� �� ��

�8�($ �/�R .�#�J�)X�� >,�.((

�-F-F l/�[� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� & B-���� �/��*�� !�(�� >�([�6 R#�t � �c� �h�3 ^6� �U¤ �� �b; � �� ×+ ` ��' l/�[��� � �c� D � P�2P .\8� R#J�� .�� �c� �8w� �':

)�( ��'#Q �#t � �c�VDI guideline 2263, part 1, 1990, Test methods for the Determination of)

the Safety Characteristics of Dusts( ��,�� Z8�� B-���� N,6 >��#@ �4�! �(U�' ~G �J8� �� 7�x@ �/�U� �/�4#�� >��#L� �4�! � ,@�' #)uu-u-}-�(¶

)­( � h���� `/@���� R#t � �c�)Gibson, N. Harper, D. J. Rogers, R. Evaluation of the fire and

explosion risks in drying powders, Plant Operations Progress, 4 (3), 181 - 189, 1985( �(�U�' ��,�� Z8�� B-���� N,6 >��#@ �4�!~G ! � �J8� #��� 7�x@ �/�U� �/�4#�� >��#L� �4�

,@�')uu-u-}-�.(

Q-U 1�� ��Y�v W8��� >��� �' �pd'4�� �I�=�� $O  �� #���) 1 ����L-U(

�� � % �6(p .�RQ `8��' N�� D 7�j�6 T�J�� ,: q�� !�(�� l/�[� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� &�/���� .&L�:

)�( � 2/�#��� ¶.�=8t � V� '� .�=8t Z8� �(�º & >!�8� \h/�/U� )­( ,�� �w�� T/ P Z8� �N�� D T�J�� & >!�� �� ¥�z(� ��'��� '� ��3r� % �/8���� >y�� ¥z(�

¶N�6 T�]� '� N�� % >!�� ��3; )�( m�6� m�/8c �(U�� N�� % ­'*� ²56 �t'#� >!��.

a- 1��I 1�Ot $�P�N_ �[� $O  �� #���� �$¹dN�' #�' �[� $O  �� #��� Y�t ��>��,E) 1 ����Q(

a-F �$¹dN�' #�' �[� $O  �� #���) 1 ����Q-F(

�-}-} � ���6 ��(���� !�(�8� � �)�� � >,������ !�(�� l/�[� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� & ��-} �� � % ��� .&L��/�:

)�( ¶�(8� '� �(8t '� Bx��� Z8� �(�º & 2�#�� )­( '� �(�6#� D� m/h/�/� �� �# #i���� �*+' �(8� '� �(8t '� Bx��� Z8� �(�º 2�#��

^�t B4'�,/+.

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 32: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-504-

�-}-F � ���6 ��(���� �Q !�(�8� W#J�� % >!��(�� � �c&� .�N�#4; `/ �� X=8� & �u� �*�+ �U� ³ �b; ���(�K >!��B4(�+ '� Bx��� .��b �� Z8� .

a-. 1��I 1�Ot $�P�N_ �[� $O  �� #���) 1 ����Q-.(

�-F-} ¼���� Bx���1�' \h/�/U�� 7 /�#� Z8� X(�� l�#�� Z8� N�6 ��(���� �/:(J�� ,/P�1� l�[� � /�#��� % B4'�,/p� ,/��� E(t � �(���') #Y3�FG-F-F.(

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 33: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-505-

���J���f |�'�� �[�� �� �!�HSL

F- 1'$�'

� ��@ ������ .�,@(�� '� E(�� TUV % ������ !�(�� _3� �b; B/��� � �c&� �*+ X,-��� .3(U y��� ���t�� >()@ '� ���xJ3� >()�� X,-��� '� \�k ��5� ��,@r X,-��� q�� ������� ­��1� % "#��

#Q1 �/�' ������ ­��?� \z�#�t&� l/�[��� �',4 % ������ ­��1� B/�� "� F-}-u-�-� �/4b(���� ��hj�� � >,���� 9?�.

.- #���� Y�p;�

F -} �=�� R74 �(U��/ ^]���) TU)��l�� � -F (<�(�P� �b&(t ^]z N�' � ��($ ~H �#�:' 9 \4����G 9 . �� B 34 Z8� TÇU)�' ��(�� ���P N�(�� � B86) {; N��(8� \�z#��� D����� #�: T�/t

�G 9( 0/J���� >!�,P' ��Vr� 06: % �'#§ Dz' ,�� R7s� v� T/7��� v�b' . �#��: ¾�8 � �*�� �N�(��' \8c�,��FG `�� Ì@ Tc�,�� {; �t#$ �(�� �9 }H 2�(8 ��� 2/�#�� 2�(8 l�(� �/t TU)�' 9 ±��

�i(6)×3; ( 2/63?� �/3��y�� 0/���� 2�@ >,@�'(BSP) . % �Í34 W��b TUV % �^]��� l�#[�� �8/P' _ w�' ,�6 Z8� ^]��� N�(� ©���� ¥����u� +�,: ��'�=6' �/t#$ ,@� � 9 HG B�(����� B����8� � ���6 �4�!

��� v�b �#ª' �B86�� B 34 Z8� B8ÇU)�� ���� l�(� #J@ `�#$ �� _/ w}F Í3�s� W��*�� ��² �(��' 9 �i(6 l[3 #��6 �6(6� �( �� 2�(� �/t TÇU)�')BSP ( Í3s� W��*�� E#$ % . TJ��� XU@r >!�,P _ w� 9��' . ,�¤'

�t�� Í3s� W��*���� ���� l/3,�6 ^]��� N�' TU/+ ,�6 9 � (� W��*�� �#$ % #Jº' 9 R74 �( �� l� � �:��� T�(� `�#$ �� ^]��� ±/�� axL� W(��� . �+#�5� X,�� ���#�V ^]��� ±/�� �8/P' ��� X�,-�P� �U¤'

WJ��& �6x�P&� Z8� >�!: �(U� ��' T�8���� ���(�6 '� ��c��� .�R]�6 B6 ¼'�#�� .&,�� ^]����HG' FG�G R'x�� & >#�t % �UP6(8/�} �/3� \�8.

F-F �'=� Ø,@� �B ��6 =7� ��V; 06: % �'#-� Í3s� W��*�� �� ,�61� ^]��� N�' ��² TJ��� �6 "�� #cÆ�' 06��� 9�4 �� . ��Uk X(/�(�1� � �xJ3� °#�6 ^]��� N�(� �#c1� ��7��� TJ���'G,F 9�

) ��(@ �xJ3&� ^]zFFGG �UP6(8/� ( _ w' \8c�,�� +#�: _/ w� >!�,�6FG 9 . B�!�,���� �8� % X,-���',��� XU@r B8�� °i#�� � ��8@.

F-u T@ Z8� R7s� =U�#�) TU)��l�� �-~ ( �����P� N��� ¥/�[�� Dz(�� % ��/ w�� . �*�+ l�5���' +!�6� B8�� b&(J�� � ���� >,�: � TL�Fu� 9 ×}~� 9 ×�9 ��($ D���� D6# �(� W�:' }~� 9

���� !�6�'�G × �G × � 9 . D�6#�� �(µ� W���� %#$ ,@� ,�� B86�� B 34 � 234 T� � N=4 D����' ��($ TU� \:',�i N=4 Ø(8�� 23s� ���� �j4� p � /�#� v�b � �(U�� �/À D����~� 9 . t#$ D����'

3s� ��*+ +�,: ��'�=6 B����� B �G������ >,���6 �t#��� 9�8�' \�t1� ��&� D �4�! .

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 34: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-506-

F-� �z#� `V >,���� N=s �(8��� �#��� � 234 % TU)�FF ����' 9 �� ��/t Tc,� �/À 9 �n(U�� TL� % ���Vr� 06: �#$ ��,� %' �^]��� N�' ��=3; ,�� Í3s� W��*�� \:',�[�� N=s� � . 9��8��'

7z#� ��b&(t >()@uG 7Uk' 9 � ,� ��� T��� \� \:',�[�� N=x8� TJP1� \8c�,�� 23s� % 9 . N�' _ w�' ±� B��� ������ XU@¨6 ��z( % ^]���� T6��� �4(�� % 2�(86 B� w 9 . �8J�P� � ^]��� N�' =U�#�'

&(J�� � B��#V Z8� �7� T� "#� b}F ��U��P' 9 � >,��: �� \7��� B�8�� B�/ 3s� B������ % B(�8 9 \:',�[�� N=s�.

F-� Dh)�� W(��� � �°i#�� � ¦jP56 ��U�(t W(3 � �/h6#7� ��i ±�� � ��Vr� XY3 l�5�������� ­��1� !�( ��V; % X�,-�P&� .Û� X�,-�P� �U¤'�´tU °�(c .�b .�i ±'.

F-� �t�� Z8�� ��Vr� ��i T�ª �(�6 �/h6#7U�� ��[�� ¦jP� D���}G >!��� �� .�#��/8 ��Vr� 06: �'#§ Tc�! >!(4(��) TU)�� #Y3�l�� �-} .( .�!�,�P X�,-��P6 ²U % °i#�� ¦jP� _ w�'

�/ �(�) . TU)�� #Y3��-u.( U- � 1���D�� �!" u-} �� W(�[��� ��xJ3&� °#: �',6 �U�' ^]��� �:$ T�(� R7S 2/�#��� TU�� R7s� _ w�

TJP� {; ��Vr� 06: �6 �*�� 23s� �(U� �/À �X(/�(�1� . R7s� Tc�! Dz(�'G,� 0�j� �/À >!�� � 9Q ��Vr� R74 �'#§ ..�# �j� 28i ¥�P Z8� R7s� ^���'NT�� ,�6 . �U�P�� ������ ­��1� >! _3� �b;'

� y�� TUV %G,� � � �#: ���: ��3r +��U� \] �� �3¨t �9Q G,� �Ur� �,: 9Q . ­���1� >! _3� �b;' � T:� TUV % �UP�� ������G,� ²R' ���3 >! \���� >#�U' �8� .�,@' �/�c� \] �� �3¨t �9Q G,� 9�Q .

_�/ w��� >!�,�P XU@¨6 _n w� �� ��²U % X(/�(�1� � W(�[�� �xJ3&� °#: v�*�' �/ii#�� ��8L� 2�#�'� �(8�� . �� \] �� �*�� N�(8� Z8�1� �#��� % �xJ��� °#: �(U� �� >��# D ���Vr� T@ {; Ô8���� N�(�� T����'

���, >#È� �3�=c % Dz(� ��V; �3�=c '� . >()�L� #�xJ�' ��Vr� 06�� B/4��� Bt#��6 #xJ ,¹�( Tni(�' . B�6 ��:j�8� #����� T/x����' 9//���6 ¥��� � P� �8/P' Z8� ^]��� �:$ T�(� R74 �� >�![�� >�Vr� Tx��'

�=��/ ^]���)�/3/ �� .(P#8� Tx�� T[� _:� Tx� �v�b �w.( u-F �� ^]���� ,�=� \� X=8� �*�� _:(�� Tx��' �.�# �j� � �c&� �#ª�HG �U�P6(8/�

{;G�G F�(s� ^]��� E(t �UP6(8/� .�/�R >#�t #[:� l/�[�8� X,-��� �� \] ��'. L- ����'����+�� &���� 1���D� �� �!"�

Ü ,: �� �b; N(z Z8� .�� �c&� �h�3 #�J� ��,�: ^]z {; �(i(�� G�G F �U�P6(8/� � ,�=� \� �v�*� #1� �� �b; �^]��� �:#]�P� �*�� _:(��'�HG {; �UP6(8/� G�G F �UP6(8/� . y����'

\��k ��5� ��,@r X,-��� q�� ������ ­��1� % "#�� � �@ ������ .�,@(�� '� E(�� TUV % q�� ������ !�(�� � '� ^]��� >!�R �:#]��� �*�� _:(8� ß!1� ,L� �� �b; m/�' m3(U y��� ���t�� >()@ '� ���xJ3� >()�� X,-��

� T:�~ � �c� ��@ % �� �!� '� �/3� \8 G,������� ­��1� >! � 9Q .

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 35: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-507-

����+8� 18H'_:

1A��+�� k' no��� �#��Y k'Y nP�'a0/ {E /f/ .

[P��8�N :�)1���� |8'(nou c6O_

):�[P��8�N( �#�5���/' �(U G,�G < G�G F } �/' �(U �,H~ < G�G F F �/' �(U },�} < G�G F � �/' �(U G,~� < G�G F �

�/' �(U 0/� }},H~ < G�G F �

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 36: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-508-

)l��( ��Vr� ��i

)N6( >(xt}G#��/88

)9/4( ��� �c&� _� >!

�[���*�_ f-F :Y�p;� �[�� 1+�I

l��

N6

9/4

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 37: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-509-

) l�

� (

U/+ ^]

��� N

�' T

) N6 (

�xJ3&

� °#:

_/ w�

>!�,P

)

9/4 ( �

�Vr�

06:

) ��! (

°i

� ��8@

)

N+ ( �x

J3; °

#:

) '�' (

Í34 W

��b

)

��R ( ^]

��� T

�(� R

74 v

8P

) N@ (

>!�,P

PTFE

) N� (

�'=�

2�:

)

��

( "

�� 2

�:

) X& (

�R�

)

9/ ( �R

) �(

3

(

�i([

� �/ �

(� >!�,

P

�I(�8

l

�(x��� #

�:

F�

9 l�

(x��� `

��

G,~

9

�[���*�_

f-. :Y�p;�

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 38: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-510-

1" BSP PARALLEL

MACHINING/ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE

1. SCREW JN0003490:B2 INTO PRESSURE PLUG BODY2. SCREW JN0003490:A2 INTO JN0003490:B23. DRILL AND TAP M3 * 0.5P * 7 DEEP HOLE4. SCREWCUT 1" BSP PARALLEL THREAD ON PRESSURE PLUG BODY.

M3 SMALL CUP POINT HEXAGON SOCKET SET SCREW - 1 REQUD

HOLE 2.5 ∅ * 7.8 DEEP.

TAP M3 * 0.5P * 7 DEEP.

REMOVE 1st THREAD.

�[���*�_f-U:��7A���

4900003JN

A3

0003490JN

B2

0003490JN

A2

0003490JN

A1

0003490JN

B1

�[���*�_f-L: >�� >?;�

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 39: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-511-

M3 SMALL CUP POIN T HEXAGON SOCKET SE T SCRE W. EN D OF SET SC RE W T O BE M/C ND FLAT

CHAM 0.5 ∗ 0.5

INS ULATIN G SLUG TO BEM/C ND FROM PEEK GF 30

O/A

CO

MB

INE

D L

EN

GT

H O

F S

ET

SC

RE

W

AN

D S

LU

G N

OT

TO

EX

CE

ED

5.5

mm

CHAM 0.5 ∗ 45 DEG

44 N

OM∅2.2

∅2.1

∅1.2

∅2.85∅2.80

A2A3

�[���*�_f-Q:*�_ >?;� U *�_ >?;�� .

CHAM 0.5 * 45 DEG∅12.0

∅3.05HOLE 3.00 ∅ * 32 DEEP.C/DRILL 3.3 ∅ * 12 DEEP.TAP M4 * 0.7P * 10 DEEP. REMOVE 1st THREAD.

6.5

∅ T

O B

OT

TOM

OF

U/C

UT

∅6.

45∅

6.40

∅1.

2

M8 * 0.7P

�[���*�_f-a: >�� >?;�.

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 40: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-512-

CHAM 0.5 * 45 DEG

BOTH ENDS SAME

M4 * 0.7P

�[���*�_f-f: *�_ >?;� F

�[���*�_f-V :������ K �}7�� `��]��

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved

Page 41: 4 5ˆJ˜ - unece.org · -489-L ˆJ˜ ˚ ˜!" ( = # ,8 Canadian Explosives Research Laboratory Department of Natural Resources CANMET Complex, Bells Corners

-513-

60°

�[���*�_f-0:Y�[��"� �'�3

Copyright © United Nations, 2009. All rights reserved