4 - krishnan srivinasan - improving star rating of indianroads may … · 2016-06-07 · kerala–...
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Improving safety ratings of roads in India提高印度道路的安全性评级´ Evolving Approach´ 演进路径
Krishnan Srinivasan
Consultant, The World Bank, India
Krishnan Srinivasan
印度世界银行顾问
IRAP ASIA PACIFIC WORKSHOP
ROAD SAFETY IN ASIA 2016
BEIJING, MAY 2016
IRAP亚太地区研讨会
2016年亚洲公路安全
北京，2016年5月
ü IS THE MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
ü 问题的严重程度
q HAS BEEN DONE SO FAR
q 目前已经开展的工作
q GOI IS PROPOSING TO DO NOW
q 现在建议开展的GOI
WHAT 什么？
H0W 如何
q THIS ALIGNS WITH SDG
q 将之与SDG对接
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INDIA ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 10% OF THE GLOBAL ROAD FATALITIES印度道路交通事故死伤人数约占全球道路交通事故死伤人数的10%
KILLED死亡人数
INJURED受伤人数
489,400 CRASHES车祸
IN 2014:2014年
139,671
Source: Road Accidents in India 2014, MORTH, GOI
数据来源：2014年印度道路交通事故，MOR TH，GOI
493,474
6454
7504849840
4515 38140
20000
40000
60000
80000
0-14 15-34 35-64 65 & Above
65岁及以上
Unknown Age 年龄不详
Rapid Motorization 快速机动化Doubled in less than 10 years ...在不到10年里翻了一番 …
Rising RT Deaths 道路交通事故死亡人数增加1980-2009 (in Thousands)1980-2009年（单位：千人）
Rapid Loss of Young & Productive 年轻生命及产能迅速减少INDIA: Road Fatalities in 2014
印度：2014年道路交通事故死亡人数
Source: Road Accidents in India, 2014, MORTH, GOI数据来源：2014年印度道路交通事故，MORTH，GOI
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Source: Road Accidents in India, 2014, MORTH, GOI数据来源：2014年印度道路交通事故，MORTH，GOI
NATIONAL AND STATE HIGHWAYS ACCOUNT FOR >60% OF RTI DEATHS国家级及邦级公路造成的死伤人数占道路交通事故死亡人数的60%以上
IN 2014, OF ALL FATALITIES, ABOUT:34% WERE ON NATIONAL
HIGHWAYS& 29% WERE ON STATE HIGHWAYS2014年，在所有死亡人数中，大约：
34%死在国家级公路上29%死在邦级公路上
IN 2014, RURAL AREAS ACCOUNTED FOR:
54% OF ALL ROAD CRASHES59% OF ALL FATALITIES58% OF ALL INJURIES2014年，农村地区占：所有车祸的54%所有死亡人数的59%所有受伤人数的58%
IN 2014, 50 CITIES (WITH POP > 1 MILLION) HAD:
23% OF ALL CRASHES12% OF ALL FATALITIES17% OF ALL INJURIES
2014年，50个城市（人口超1百万）占：所有车祸的23%所有死亡人数的12%所有受伤人数的17%
q IS THE MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
q 问题的严重程度
ü HAS BEEN DONE SO FAR
ü 目前已经开展的工作
q GOI IS PROPOSING TO DO NOW
q 现在建议开展的GOI
WHAT 什么？
H0W 如何？
q THIS ALIGNS WITH THE SDG
q 将之与SDG对接
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Presentation Title
Adopted the Brasilia Declaration on Road Safety通过了《巴西利亚道路安全宣言》Confirmed the goal of halving road fatalities by 2020 as part of UN Sustainable Development Goals adopted in September 2015 确认了在2020年前将道路交通事故死亡人数减半的目标，作为于2015年9月通过的《联合国可持续发展目标》的一部分
Road Transport and Safety Bill (2015) on the anvil正在审议《道路交通与安全条例（2015版）》•National Authority for Road Safety国家公路安全局•Fatality reduction targets set设定了死亡人数下降目标•Provisions for NMT and pedestrian infrastructure NMT和行人基础设施准备金•Formal audits for new road construction对新道路建设的正式审查
Under Supreme Court Directives根据《最高法院指令》•Action plans being developed by all states 各邦正在制定行动计划•Helmet wearing made mandatory强制要求佩戴头盔•Overloading made illegal超车变得违法•Good Samaritan guidelines issued发布乐善好施者指南各邦正在制定行动计划
GOI’S ROAD SAFETY INITIATIVESGOI的公路安全举措
Presentation Title
Support at the National Level国家级扶持Extended knowledge and technical support to the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways on developing comprehensive road transport and safety legislation for India对印度道路运输和公路部提供有关制定印度综合道路运输和安全立法的拓展型知识和技术支持
Support at the State Level邦级扶持•Road Safety Component integral part of all road projects使道路安全要素成为所有公路项目的组成部分•iRAP surveys of project roads项目道路的iRAP勘测•Knowledge support in road safety management and audit在道路安全管理和审查中提供知识支持
Support at the City Level市级扶持One of eight implementing agencies of the Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety in《彭博全球道路安全倡议》八大执行机构之一位于以下城市：•Mumbai, India印度孟买
WORLD BANK’S INITIATIVES世界银行的举措
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Present at i on Ti t l e
NATIONAL/STATE INITIATIVES 国家级/邦级举措
Assam – 446km阿萨姆邦 – 446公里
• Design star ratings for SH3 & SH31• SH3 & SH31 设计星级评定
• 10,500km surveyed• 勘测了10500公里• Potential to prevent 878,000
deaths and serious injuries over the next 20 years
• 有可能在未来20年里防止878000起死亡和严重伤害
• Upgrades have been completed or ongoing
• 升级已经完成或者正在进行
Andhra Pradesh & Telangana – 589km安得拉邦与泰伦加纳邦 – 589公里
• APRSP 431km• NHIIP 158km
Gujarat – 2,260km古吉拉特邦 – 2260公里
• GSHP-II• Using SRIP to shape Baruch to Valiademonstrati on corr idor•利用SRIP将巴茹什打造成V ali a示范走廊• 581km of design star ratings•581公里设计星级评定
Karnataka – 2,200km卡纳塔克邦 – 2200公里
• KSHIP• SCDP SH20 & SH17 min. 3-star• SCDP SH20 & SH17，至少达到3星级• NHIIP 1,134km• NHIIP 1134公里
Safer Greener Pilot – 120km更安全、更环保的试点 – 120公里
• NH-1 Delhi to Panipat• NH-1 德里- 帕尼帕特
Rajasthan – 340km拉贾斯坦邦 – 340公里
• NHIIP
Kerala– 623km喀拉拉邦 – 623公里
• KSTP-II• Results published July ’12• 结果于2012年7月公布• Constructi on underway• 在建
Uttar Pradesh – 2,018km北方邦
• UP Core Road Network Development Program•北上核心道路网络开发项目
Tamil Nadu – 2,007km泰米尔纳德邦 – 2007公里
• TNRSP-II
SURVEYED ROADS …勘测的道路……
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… & THEIR SAFETY STAR RATINGS……及其安全性星级评定
Length长度
Percent百分比
Length长度
Percent百分比
Length长度
Percent百分比
Length长度
Percent百分比
5 Stars5星级 17 0% 4 0% 0 0% 5 0%4 Stars4星级 343 3% 174 2% 56 1% 61 1%3 Stars3星级 2214 21% 1654 16% 898 9% 1358 13%2 Stars2星级 4000 38% 2976 28% 2119 20% 1965 19%1 Star1星级 3818 37% 5584 53% 6742 65% 5524 53%Not Applicable 52 0% 52 0% 629 6% 1531 15%Totals合计 10444 100% 10444 100% 10444 100% 10444 100%
Star Ratings星级评定
Vehicle Occupant车辆乘员
Motorcyclist乘机车者
Pedestrian行人
Bicyclist骑脚踏车者
TYPICAL INDICATORS ON WB FUNDED PROJECTS IN INDIA世界银行在印度资助的项目的典型指标
PDO Results Level Indicator(s)PDO结果水平指标
a) Road safety rating 道路安全评级b) Reduction in number/percent of annual fatalities 以数量/百分比表示的年交通事故死亡人数减少量
Unit(s) of measure计量单位
a) % of roads with desired road safety rating 达到理想道路安全性评级的道路所占的比例%b) Number 数量
Baseline基线
a) iRAP ratings before project start 项目开始前的iRAP评级b) Official casualty records before project start 项目开始前的官方事故记录
Target目标
a) 100%b) Based on state policies 基于各邦政策
Frequency频率
Pre- and post-construction施工前后
Data source / methodology数据来源/方法
a) iRAPb) Accident surveys/records 事故调查/数据
Description (indicator definition, etc.)描述（指标定义等）
a) % of km with at least 3-star rating for all road users. 对所有道路使用者而言均至少达到3星级的公里数所占的比例%。1,2
b) Number of annual fatalities on project roads 项目道路每年发生的交通事故死亡数
1 Provided infrastructure countermeasures are economically viable;;wherever economically unviable to achieve 3-starswithsuch countermeasures, operating speeds may be lowered. 提供的基础设施对策在经济上是可行的；在任何情况下，如果要通过这些对策达到3星级在经济上是不可行的，则可降低运行速度。2 Number of fatalities and seriousinjuries estimated using the iRAP method forvehicleoccupants, motorcyclists, pedestriansand bicyclists must not increase on any section of project roads.利用iRAP方法估算的车辆乘员、乘机车者、行人和骑脚踏车者的死亡和严重伤害人数在项目道路的任何路段均不得增加。
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ASSAM – EXTRACTS FROM PAD OF ASRP阿萨姆邦 – PAD OF ASRP摘录
Implementation of a Safe Corridor Demonstration Program: This sub-component will support the development, implementation, and evaluation of a result focused multi-sector Safe Corridor Demonstration Program. The road section(s) that will constitute the safe corridor(s) are yet to be finalized. The following activities are proposed to be financed under this program:安全走廊示范项目的实施：这个部分将支持对一个结果导向型多领域安全走廊示范项目的开发、实施和评估。构成该安全走廊的路段尚待确定。在该项目下，拟对下述活动进行融资：• Improving the engineering condition of the two safety corridors based on the iRAP
recommendations, to achieve a minimum of three-star safety rating. • 根据iRAP建议改善两条安全走廊的工程条件，以最少达到三星级评级。
GUJARAT – EXTRACTS FROM PAD OF GSHPII古吉拉特邦 - PAD OF GSHPII摘录
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KERALA – EXTRACTS FROM PAD OF KSTPII喀拉拉邦 - PAD OF KSTPII摘录
3. Component A1 (US $ 322 million): This subcomponent will include upgrading281 km state highways through FIDIC based input contracts. It would alsoinclude the associated pre-construction activities including resettlement andutility relocation, environmental management and supervision and qualitycontrol services.
3. A1部分（3.22亿美元）：这个部分将包括通过基于输入合同的F IDIC升级281公里的邦级公路，可能还包括相关施工前的活动，如：拆迁安置和公用事业迁移、环境管理和监督、质量控制服务等。
4. Improved road safety and traffic management measures have been fullyintegrated in to the engineering designs. These interventions are based on anautomated road safety assessment (conducted through iRAP), manual safetyaudits, public consultations and detailed traffic surveys. The interventions rangefrom traffic calming, raised pedestrian crossings, signalization of intersections,provision of footpath, segregation of slow and non-motorized traffic frommotorized traffic, off-site parking arrangements and roadside barriers.
完善的道路安全性和交通管理措施已经充分融入工程设计。这些干预均基于自动化道路安全性评估（通过iRAP进行）、人工安全性审查、公共磋商和详细交通调查。这些干预涵盖车辆减速、凸起的人行横道、路口信号控制、提供人行道、慢行及非机动交通与机动交通分离、站外停车安排和路侧护栏。
Presentation Title
TAMIL NADU – EXTRACTS FROM PAD OF TNRSPII泰米尔纳德邦 – PAD OF GSHPII摘录
Road Safety: The project preparation and detailed designs of theroads and structures including road safety features have beencarried out through DPR consultants who in their team consisted of aroad safety specialist. Safety vulnerabilities were identified andspecific road safety engineering counter measures including speedcalming measures to reduce accidents especially in populated areaswere adequately integrated in the engineering designs to reduce therisks. All the upgradation project roads are subjected to InternationalRoad Assessment Program (iRAP) assessments and the finaldesigns will address the findings and improve the safety rating of theroad.道路安全性：DPR顾问已经对道路和结构（包括道路安全特性）进行了项目准备和详细设计，这个DPR顾问小组包含一名道路安全专员。他们确定了安全漏洞，并将具体的道路安全工程对策（包括减速措施，以减少事故，特别是人口密集区事故）充分纳入工程设计，以减少风险。所有升级项目道路均接受国际道路评估项目（iRAP）组织的评估，且最终设计将针对评估结果并提高道路的安全性评级。
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KARNATAKA – EXTRACTS FROM PAD卡纳塔克邦 – PAD摘录
KARNATAKA – STAR RATING OF ROAD DESIGNS ON KSHIPII
卡纳塔克邦 – KSHIPII 道路设计星级评定• GOK Commitment to set minimum safety ratings• GOK承诺设定最低的安全性评级• 77% of selected roads achieved a 3 star rating• 所选道路中77%达到3星级• Used as a performance indicator• 作为一个性能指标使用
• But, constraints of land precluded achievement of better ratings for pedestrians
• 但是，土地限制妨碍了针对行人的部分达到更好的星级评定
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WB’S CITY-LEVEL INITIATIVES世界银行的市级举措
Implementing Bloomberg Initiative for Global Road Safety 2015-19 in Mumbai, India 在印度孟买实施《2015-19年彭博全球道路安全倡议》
´ Objective: Implement design recommendations on pilot road and build client capacity on safer infrastructure management. 目的：在试点道路上实施设计建议并在更安全的基础设施管理上建立客户能力。
´ Method: Provide design recommendations based on IRAP results and benchmark improvements using IRAP metrics 方法：根据IRAP结果提供设计建议，并利用IRAP指标对标完善内容
´ Work Program (2015-2016): 工作计划（2015-2016年）：
´ Conduct road safety assessment LBS Marg to identify potential road and traffic safety problems (December 2015) 开展道路安全性评估LBS Marg，以确定潜在道路和交通安全性问题（2015年12月）
´ Data collection on operational speeds (85th%ile) and traffic information used for iRAP assessment (Completed January 2016) 采集有关运行速度的数据（ 85th%ile ）以及用于iRAP评估的交通信息（于2016年1月完成）
´ Finalizing of report and delivering training workshop for client (February 2016) 完成报告并为客户提供培训班（2016年2月）
STAR RATING RESULTS(OPERATIONAL SPEED)星级评定结果（运行速度）
Category类别
No. of deaths (2012-2015)死亡人数
（2012-2015年）Pedestrian行人
19
Bicyclist骑脚踏车者
1
Motorcyclist乘机车者 10Vehicle Occupants车辆乘员
0
Unknown不详
17
Total合计
47
Fatality count on the corridor该通道上的交通事故死亡人数
13 deaths per year on 9.5km stretch
9.5公里里程每年发生13起死亡事故
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q IS THE MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
q 问题的严重程度
q HAS BEEN DONE SO FAR
q 目前已经开展的工作
ü GOI IS PROPOSING TO DO NOW
ü 现在建议开展的GIO
WHAT 什么？
H0W 如何
q THIS ALIGNS WITH THE SDG
q 将之与SDG对接
FOCUS ON THE STRATEGIC NETWORK着眼于战略网络
• Golden Quadrilateral and itsdiagonals that account for 25% ofall fatalities
• 黄金四边形及其对角线占所有道路交通死亡人数的25%
• Star rating to be conducted forDelhi-Mumbai-Chennai sections(3800 km)
• 德里-孟买-金奈路段（3800公里）将接受星级评定
• Focus on infrastructure and blackspot improvements
• 重视基础设施和黑点（交通事故多发地段）的完善
• Ensure that at least none of thehighways are 1*
• 确保所有公路均非1*
Total Network Length of 100,087 km
网络总长度为100087公里
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SOME CHALLENGES … 一些挑战……´ Countermeasures must be sensitive to mixed traffic and user acceptability 应对措施必须对混合交通和用户可接受程度敏感
´ Dedicated Motorcycle lanes or shoulder widening/sealing 摩托车专用车道或路肩加宽/密封
´ Big impact of median closures, shoulders, barriers on non-motorized road users especially in rural areas 中央围挡、路肩和护栏对非机动道路使用者（特别是在农村地区）的重大影响
´ Calibration challenges of iRAP/ iRAP面临的校准挑战
´ Benefit-Cost Ratio values must represent local traffic conditions 效率成本比的值必须代表当地交通情况
´ Unbiased assessment of risk and solutions is critical 对风险和解决方案的公正评估至关重要
´ Better road safety gains through some 4 and some 2 stars rather than all 3 star? 是通过一些4星级和一些2星级的道路还是通过全为3星级的道路来实现更好的道路安全性?
´ Land constraints are perennial 土地限制因素长期存在
´ In Kerala, despite investments, 3 star was not achieved;; in Karnataka, and Gujarat, the designs had to be changed due to land issues 在喀拉拉邦，尽管大力投资，仍达不到3星级；而在卡纳塔克邦和古吉拉特邦，由于土地问题，必须改变设计
… AND SOME THOUGHTS ……其他一些想法
´ Need sustainable vision of infrastructure safety 需要针对基础设施安全性的可持续性愿景
´ iRAP surveys to be accompanied by better road safety management, behaviour change, vehicle improvements, and speed management. iRAP勘测需要通过更好的道路安全管理、行为改变、车辆改进和速度管理来完成。
´ Incentives to the authority/agency for sustaining the star ratings through proper maintenance of safety features. 为主管部门/机构提供激励，以通过正确维护安全特性来保持星级评定。
´ Need to go from pilot to mainstreaming such surveys 需要将这些勘测从试点变为主流
´ Institutional arrangements critical 制度安排至关重要
´ Explore combining with road asset management or incident reporting systems? 与道路资产管理或事故报告系统一起探索?
´Minimize data collection for agencies – synchronize with asset data surveys? 最大程度地减少机构的数据采集工作——与资产数据调查同步?
´Maximize gains within the available budget 在可用的预算内最大程度地增加收益
´ Perhaps incremental approach via the states? 也许能通过各邦采用增量法?
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q IS THE MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
q 问题的严重程度
q HAS BEEN DONE SO FAR
q 目前已经开展的工作
q GOI IS PROPOSING TO DO NOW
q 现在建议开展的GOI
WHAT什么？
H0W 如何？
ü THIS ALIGNS WITH THE SDG
ü 将之与SDG对接
ENABLES IMPLEMENTING ENTITIES TO IMPROVE ROAD SAFETY OUTCOMES TO使执行实体能够改善道路安全产出，目的如下：
3.6 - By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. 在2020年前，将全球道路交通事故导致的死伤人数减半。
11.2 - By 2030, provi de access to safe, affordable, accessibl e and sustainable transportsystems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport , with specialattention to the needs of those in vulnerabl e situations, women, children, persons withdisabilities and older persons . 在2030年前，为所有人提供安全、经济、可及、可持续的交通系统，提高道路安全性，主要通过扩展公共交通来实现，特别注意弱势群体、妇女、儿童、残疾人及老人的需求。
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Thank you!谢谢大家！