4 passenger tranport

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TOPIC5

PASSENGER TRANSPORT


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Tourist Transport

By Air


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• Provision for mass market tourism –adequate, safe, comfortable, fast,convenient, and cheap public

transport

• Air travels has substantiallycontributed to the phenomenon of

mass market international tourism,especially to medium and long-rangedestinations.

The role of air transportin tourism


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• Travel by air has become safe,comfortable, rapid and even cheap

• Enormous groth of aviation technology

• !ncrease in carrying capacity forpassenger and freight

• "any airlines stepping up to #nd ays of

improving fuel economy• Engine e$ciency and reduced eight are

some of the measures currently in place

Emergence of airlineusiness


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• %hort-take o& an landing '%T()*technology aircrafts haverevolutioni+ed business travel, asairports ere able to construct nearcity centres 'e.g. )ondon ity Airport*

• ommencement of chartering of

aircraft by tour operators haveboomed lo-cost packaged tours.

Emergence of airlineusiness


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• ivil aviation business is composedof – Equipment manufactures

– Airports

– Air navigation and tra$c controlservices

– Airlines

The organi!ation of airtransport


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• Equipment manufacturers are made up ofcompanies manufacturing commercial aircraftand engines

•

oeing Aircraft ompany and Airbus !ntegratedompany are the to manufactures of large /etaircraft

• Aircraft engines are manufactured quite

separately• The companies that dominate this market are

0eneral Electronic '1%A*, Pratt 2hitney '1%A*3olls-3oyce '14*

E"uipmentmanufacturers


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• (nership of airports may be underthe control of the state of localauthorities, or in private hands

• "any airports are competing toincrease the global market share

Airports


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• 5. )ondon '6eathro*, 1nited 4ingdom 89.:million passengers per year;. Paris, .5= million>. 6ong 4ong ?:.@@ million?. ubai, 1AE ?8.>5 million=. million8. Amsterdam, The Betherlands ?=.5> million@. %ingapore ?9.:; millionC. !ncheon, %outh 4orea >;.:? million:. Tokyo 'Barita*, Dapan >;.58 million59. angkok, Thailand >5.?5 million

#orl$ Busiest Airports%&'&


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• Airports require a good balance of passengersand freight to be pro#table

• Additional revenue sources, duty free, catering

services, franchise for local car rentalcompanies

• Airports fees for airlines include parkingcharges, landing fees etc

•

"any leading airports are facing the issue ofcongestion and measures are being taken tomitigate it 'Terminal eFtension, E-ticket, E-gate,runay eFtensions*

Airports


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• Although, these technical services arenot part of the tourism industry, theyplay a key role in the operation ofaviation services.

• Air tra$c control has the function ofguiding aircraft into and out of airports,giving pilots detailed information on

ground condition, ind speed, cloudconditions and runay in use.

• AT ill instruct pilots about air

corridors

Na(igation an$ Air Tra)cControl


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• %ervices provided by an airline canbe divided into three distinctcategories – %cheduled

– charter

– Air taFi

Airline ser(ices


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• %cheduled services are provided by some8=9 airlines orldide and many are !ATAmembers.

• They operate on de#ned routes, domesticor international, for hich licenses havebeen granted by the government orgovernments concerned.

• Airlines are required to operate on thebasis of their published timetablesregardless of passenger load factors

Sche$ule$ ser(ices


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• harters services, by contrast ith scheduledservices, do not operate according topublished timetables, nor are they advertised

or promoted by the airlines themselves.• Aircraft are chartered to middleman 'often

tour operators* for a #Fed charge.

• "any schedule carriers have their on

charter subsidiaries.


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• Air taFis are privately chartered aircraftaccommodating beteen four and eightpeople and used particularly by businesstravellers.

• %ome of the advantages are that it isconvenient, GeFible, routings can be tailormade for passengers, short notice

amendments• 1n 14 alone, more than 5=9 air taFi companies

are available to meet the need of the demand

Air Ta*i ser(ice


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• Airline regulations are crucial to ensurepassenger safely, noise and pollution

• 3egulations are also used to control the

Go of demand• !t is also e&ective to manage HPooling

arrangementsI

• Air transport operations are regulated inthree ays !nternational routes,international air fares, approval andlicensing of carriers.

Air transport regulations


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• %trategic alliances o&ers opportunities for grothand for marketing bene#ts that cannot beachieved as an individual airline.

• Alliance enable companies to reduce costs byusing larger aircraft to meet overall demand andby sharing operational costs such as counterspace at airports and baggage handling

• !n order to Gourish a strategic alliance, three

eFpansion stages needed to be ful#lled.• This include

• %ecure a dominant share in the home market

• 0ain a strong foothold in the main target

markets

Gro+th of strategicalliances


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• A person ho acts as intermediariesbeteen air craft oners and theircustomers

•

They provide a level of eFpertise to businessclient, tour operators and travel agents homay not have the time or knoledge tonegotiate for better charter deals.

• The broker takes the charge of the entireoperation, booking the aircraft and takingcare of any technical requirements.

The Role of Air Bro,er


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Tourist transporty +ater

-lan$


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2ater orne Transportation

• !ncludes cruise ships, ferries, coastal,harbour and river cruising and other ateractivities.

•

ruising is en/oying a popularity boom• (&ers the advantage of total relaFation and

an all-inclusive price

• %hort-sea 'ferry* vessels too have achieved

ne standard of comfort on many routes.

• !ncreasingly the division beteen transportand entertainment is becoming blurred


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(cean liners

• )ine voyage services are those o&eringpassenger transport on a port-to-port basis

• Emergence of air travel has impacted the

voyage services• )oyal demand for sea transport still

remained amongst those , usually older,passenger ho su&ered from fear of Gying

or ho en/oyed sea voyages and had ampletime to spend in reaching their destinations


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ruising

• Pleasure voyages, here the voyage itself and theshipJs amenities are part of the eFperience, asell as the di&erent destinations along the ay.

• Karious cruise routes are around the orld

• "ost of the cruise routes are seasonal andtherefore shipping companies may be obliged tomove their vessels from region of the orld toanother.

• A crucial factor that contributes to the rapideFpansion of cruising as the introduction of Gy-cruising


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Bature of cruising

• 4ey factors determining cruise are price,length of cruise, and destination

• %everal factors contributes to appeal cruising

•All inclusive nature of a cruise, eFcellent foodan o&er, the general ambience on board, thehigh levels of security due to isolation on aship can provide, the attraction of travelling

ith Llike minded peopleJ, the absence ofconstraint on the amount of baggage carried


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Economics of cruising

• ruising is both capital-intensive andlabour intensive

• Kessels also needs substantial number of

cres• Economies of scale advantage for larger

cruise companies

•


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Economics of cruising

• Karious other cost reduction practicesare also prevalent, such as eFtendingof /ourney time in order to reduce fuel

cost and increase on-board spending• Economies could also be achieved by

putting passengers ashore by tender

'shipJs launches*• ruising ships can also act as an

alternative accommodation.


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Be "odes of rossing

• Alternative forms of transportation is alsopopular

this include

–6overcraft

– 6ydrofoil and

– atamaran

• These o&er the bene#ts of a faster crossing

• %ome even are large enough toaccommodate cars


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3oad and rail passenger

transportation

• 3ail transportation has seen some dramaticimprovements over the past decade

• Technological is one of the primary reasons forthese developments

• Karious rail transportation o&ers are in the market

• hannel Tunnel beteen 14 and


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3ental cars

• !t is estimated that there are over 5999car hire companies operating in ritainithin more that 5>9,999 cars available

for hire• ar rental companies can be divided into

to categories

– The large international companies orfranchise operators

– %mall, generally locally based independenthire companies

4 passenger tranport

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