2552 THE EMERGENCE OF PA IN BUDDHIST COUNSELING PROCESS Miss Supaporn Pradubsamut A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Program in PsychologyFaculty of Psychology Chulalongkorn University Academic year 2009 Copyright of Chulalongkorn University . . .. ( . ) () ... (. ) (. ) ( (. )) ( . ) ( . )

: .(THE EMERGENCE OF PA IN BUDDHIST COUNSELING PROCESS). : . , . : .,593 . 10 3 1 2 1 1) 2) 2 1) 2 2) 2 2 3 3 . 2552 . .. # # 4878451138: MAJOR PSYCHOLOGY KEYWORDS: PA / BUDDHIST COUNSELING PROCESS SUPAPORN PRADUBSAMUT: THE EMERGENCE OF PA IN BUDDHIST COUNSELING PROCESS. THESIS ADVISOR: ASSOC. PRO. SOREEPOKAEO, Ed.D., THESISCO-ADVISOR: PROF. SUPANG CHANTAVANICH,DOCTERRAT EN SOCIOLOGIE, 593 pp. This research study has been conducted with the main objective in studying an emergence of pa from Buddhist counseling process. The study was in a qualitative research design focusing on case study and participatory action research. Ten participants were recruited based on selection criteria. Data were collected using an in depth interview with a dialog of Buddhist counseling. Afterward, data regarding the occurring of experience, participants journal and participation observation were analyzed using qualitative methodology.Findings could be divided into three parts as follows: Part 1: An emergence of pa from Buddhist counseling process An emergence of pa from Buddhist counseling process has a continuous nature and occurs through collaboration between service clients and counselors. The emergence could be viewed in 2 main phases. The first phase is the suffering which consisted of the processes of: 1) obtaining knowledge about sufferingwhich entailing understanding suffering and its consequences, as well as aiming to eliminate suffering, and 2) obtaining cognitive-level understanding the cause of suffering. The second phase is freedom from suffering. Again, there are two processes in this phase: 1) the beginning of pa which may spontaneous emergence of pa or awareness the cause of suffering in pa-level, and 2) the rising of pa which may occur instantly or gradually and lead to the abandonment of reasonable suffering, the relief of suffering, as well as reality-based harmonious living. Part 2: The manifestation of pa from Buddhist counseling Three types of pa emerge from Buddhist counseling and they are:1) the understanding of the reasons and deception of suffering, 2) the abandonment of suffering and harmonious living within reality, and 3) the freedom from stress. Part 3: Supporting factors for an emergence of pa in Buddhist counseling Both internal and external factors play a role in the emergence of pa in Buddhist counseling. Examples of external factor are characteristics of counselors and group members as well as environment factors. In contrast, systematic attention of proper considering, for instance, constitutes an internal factor. Field of Study:....PsychologyStudents Signature.. Academic Year:...2009...Advisors Signature.. Co-Advisors Signature . . ( . ) . . . . . 45 ..2525 3 // .. 25/15/24 25 15 24 ..()= ..()= ..()= ..()= ..()= ..()= . .()= ..()= ..()= ..()= ..()= . . ()= . . ()= . . ()= . . ()= . . ()= . ()= .()= .()= ..()= ..()= .. 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(2548) (self-actualization) .01 (Buddhist Counseling) 4 (, ) ( ) () () 4 ( , ) 2 1. 3 2. ( , ) (inner wisdom) ( , 2551) MeLeod (2003) Doing Counseling Research (practice-based evidence) (reflexive) (new methods of inquiry) (quasi-experimental designs) (discovery) (verification) 4 MeLeod MeLeod Dryden (1996) Research in counseling and psychotherapy (practical science) MeLeod (intellectual) ( , 2551) 5 2. 3. 4. 6 .. 2550-2553 .. 2553 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 (counseling) 1. counseling Counselor ( , : 1-2) 1.1 (Person-Centered Therapy) Carl R. Rogers (1957: 95-103; Capuzzi and Gross, 1991: 101-102) (self-structure) (experience) 9 1.2 Rogers (1961, 1980; Capuzzi & Gross, 1991) 4 1. (people are trustworthy) 2. (movement toward actualization) (self-actualization) 3. (inner resources) 4. (individually perceived world) 1.3 Rogers (Theory of Personality) Rogers (1951: 483-542) 10 1. (phenomenal field or experiential field) 2. (organism) 3. (organism) 4. (organism) 5. 6. (Emotion) 7. (Internal frame of reference) (defence machanism) 8. (Being) 9. (The structure of self) 10. (value) 11 11. 3 11.1 11.2 11.3 12. (self-concept) 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Rogers (1951) (actualizing tendency) (incongruence) 12 (self-structure) (experience) (defensemachanism) (rigidity) (self) (experience) (fully functioning person)(Rogers,1951: 483-532) (Self structure) (Experience) (Self structure) (Experience) 2 1 3 213 1 (: Rogers, 1951; , 2530: 87) 1 (self-structure) (awareness) 13 (experience) 1 (acceptedexperience) 2 (distorted experience) 3 (denied experience) (incongruence) 1 Rogers (unhealthy) (congruence) 14 Rogers 1.4 Rogers (Rogers, 1957: 96) 1. 2. 3. 4. (unconditional positive regard) 5. (empathic understanding) 6. (verbal comunication) (non-verbal comunication) 15 1.5 ( , 2531: 31) (fully functioning person) Rogers (1961: 187-194) 5 1. (an openness to experiences) 2. (existential living) 3. (a trust in ones own organism) 4. (a sense of freedom) 5. (creativity) 1.6 16 3 (Rogers, 1961: 33-34, 282-284, 338-346, 1957: 96-99; 1975: 2-9)1. (congruence and genuieness) 2. (unconditional positive regard) 3. (accurate empathic understanding) 1.7 Rogers (1961: 132-159) 7 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 (Rowan,1983) ( ) ( ( ), 2530) 2. (Buddhist Counseling) 2.1 (Buddhist Counseling) (counseling) (Personal Growth and Buddhist Counseling Group) 19 2 (personal growth) (counseling) 6-8 30 (, 2547) 2.2 (Personal Growth and Counseling Group) (2547: 1-2) (personal growth) (counseling) .... ( , : 3-4) 20 2.3 .... .... (, 2547: 2) 4 ( , 2547: 3) 2 21 2 (: , 2552) (2547) Deep Meaning Peace Like/ Dislike Disease () () ( ) () 4 22 () (, 2547) 2.3.1 4 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 23 2.3.1 4 4 4 (. .12/340/349) 4 4 1. 1,000 ( (.. ), 2546: 896-916) (.. ), 2546: 101) ( (.. ), 2546: 101) ((.. ), 2546: 902, 906) 24 2. () () ( (.. ), 2546: 902, 906-907) 3. 25 5 2 ( (.. ), 2546: 909-910) 1. 2. 2 3-5 ( (.. ), 2546: 902) 4. 8 ( (.. ), 2546: 733-887) 1) (Right View Right Understanding) 2 26 4 1. 4 ? ( ..10/299/348) 2. ... ......... ( .. 17/103/63) 3. ? ? (..14/258/181) 27 4 2) (Right Thought) 3 1. 2. 3. 2 3) (Right Speech) 28 4) (Right Action) 5) (Right Livelihood) 6) (Right Effort) 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 7) (Right Mindfulness) 29 ( (.. ), 2546: 891) 8) (Right Concentration) (.. ) (2546: 886) 4 1) 2) 3) 4) 4 4 ( (..), 2546: 904-905)1. 2. 30 3. 4. 8 2.3.2 (.. 12/346/359) (ignorance, lack of knowledge) ( , 2549) (volitional activities) 31 (consciousness) (animated organism) (the six sense-based) (contact) ( ) ( ) ( ) (feeling) () (Craving) 3 (Craving for sense-pleasure) 5 32 (Craving for self-existence) (craving for non-existence or self-annihilation) (attachment, clinging) To set up what you like Agaist what you dislike That is the disease of the mind When deep meaning is not understood Peace of mind is distured To no purpose (Seng Tsan, , 2550) ( Seng Tsan, 2550) 33 ( , 2547) (process of becoming) (birth) (decay and death) 2 34 2 2 ... 2 2 ... (.. 18/369-372/239-242) 2.3.3 35 ( . .16/154/76) 4 4 2.3.4 3 ((.. ), 2546: 68-70) 1. (impermanence) 2. (stress and conflict) 3. (soullessness or non-self) 36 2.4 2 (Group Process Focus) (Individual Process Focus) ( , 2549) 37 2.4.1 (Group Process Focus) (Facilitate disclosure) , .... (Facilitate interaction) 2 (Facilitate growth) 38 , (Facilitate counseling) , 4 39 ( ) (2547: 4) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 40 8. individual counseling individual counseling ( , 2550) 2.4.2 (Individual Process Focus) (Individual Process Focus) 3 1. (Tuning in) 8 41 ( , : 48-49) get in touch ( , : 49) ( , : 28) Encounter Rogerian Encounter Joseph Mareno Psychological touching 42 ( , : 57) ( , ) 2. (Identify Split) ( , : 72) 43 ( , : 80) 3. (Realization) () ( ) ( , ) 8 realization insight2.5 44 (psychological unhealthy) ( ) (psychological healthy) (Awareness) (Exploration) (Examination) (Growth) (Problem Solving) 45 (Realize) (Realize) 3 4 8 ((Psychological Healthy)46 ) (Realize) (Problem Solving) (Growth) (Examination) (Exploration) (Awareness)

( (Psychological Unhealthy) ) 3 (Dynamic and integrated model of Buddhist Counseling for group and individual) (Group Process) (Facilitate Problem Solving) ( : , 2550) (Facilitate Growth) (Facilitate Interaction) (Facilitate disclosure) (Personal Process) (Identify Split) (Tuning in) (Realization) 47 2.6 Rogers 2 3 1) 2) 3) 1) (actualizing tendency) (incongruence) (self-structure) (experience) (defense machanism) (rigidity) 48 (self) (experience) (fully functioning person)(Rogers,1951: 483-532) (Buddhist Counseling) 4 ( ) () () ( , ) () ( ) 49 (Rowan, 1983) 2) 3 (Corey, 2001: 177-179; Rogers, 1980) 1) (congruence and genuieness) 2) (unconditional positive regard) 3) (accurate empathic understanding) () ( ) ( , ) 50 3) (Rogers, 1957: 95-103; Capuzzi and Gross, 1991: 101-102; Corey, 2001: 175, 472-473) 4 1) (tuning in)2) (identify split) 3) (realization) ( ) () ( , ) 51 4 3 3. (primary source) 52 3.1 3.1.1 6 4 (.. 10/39/29-32; .. 10/40/32-34 ; .. 11/302/237; .. 11/357/281-282; .. 11/411/295; .. 13/31/24-25; .. 13/577/394-395; .. 19/875/217; .. 11/442/309; .. 12/401-402/306-307; .. 12/445/334-335; . . 14/41/33; . . 20/275/69; . . 12/291/199-200; .. 30/99/26; .. 34/31/30) 53 4 (.. 12/494/379-380; .. 14/626/342-343; .. 15/258-259/75-76; ... 22/157/186; . . 25/219/228; .. 27/711/162; .. 27/1492/274 ; .. 33/138/169; .. 36/151/199/200) 3.1.2 45 2 5 (.. 21/248/279; . . 23/92/135-136) 3.1.3.1 (.. 27/2466-2470/445-446) 3.1.3.2 1) : ... ( .. 19/1577/385; .. 19/1653/412) 2) (.. 19/1577/385; .. 19/1653/412) 3) 5 54 (.. 31/659/402) 8 (.. 29/221/128/129)8 8 2 8 1) (.. 9/193/127) 2) (. . 9/195/136; . . 9/195/143) () 4 (.. 13/659/456) 55 3.1.3.3 1) 5 (.. 31/660-661/403-404; .. 30/99/26; ..4/22/23; ..12/401-402/306-307) 2) (.. 30/99/26) 3) 4 (.. 30/99/26)3.2 3.2.1 56 (..11/442/309) (..12/186/111) (. . 25/219/228) (.. 36/151/199/200) (. . 25/249/254-255) (.. 27/711/162; .. 27/1492/274) 57 () () ( ) () () ...() () 3.2.2 ( intra voice) (inner voice) (counselors) (leaders) 58 ( ) 23 2 (..20/371/110) 8 / () () 4 (: (.. ), 2546) (.. ) (2546: 621) 2 3.2.2.1 3.2.2.2 2 59 3.2.2.1 (.. ), 2546: 622-623) 1) . 8 ? 8 8 (..19/157/37) 6 4 4 60 , , (.. 25/254/283) . 7 ( (.. ), 2546: 627-628) 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 7 ((.. ), 2546: 631) 4 5 ( (.. ), 2546: 631-632) ( ) 61 . 7 ( (.. ), 2546: 632-633) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. . 6 ( (.. ), 2546: 635) () 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (.. 11/202/204) 62 4 4 ( (.. ), 2546: 645) . 3((..), 2546: 641-642) 1. 2. 3. 63 . (.. ), 2546 : 642-643) 1. 2. 2) . ( (.. ), 2546: 647-650) 1. 2. 3. (emotion) 64 4. 5. 6. 2 ( ) 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. () () () 13. 14. 65 . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. () ( (.. ), 2546: 673) 3.2.2.2 1) (.. ) ( (.. ), 2546: 669-670) 66 ( (.. ), 2546: 669-670)1. 2. 3. 4. 4 ( (.. ), 2546: 670-671) ( (.. ), 2546: 674-675) 2) 10 ( (.. ), 2546: 676-723) 1. 67 2. 3. 4. 4.1 2 1: 2: 4.2 5. 68 6. 7. 4 8. 9. 10. ( ) 69 3) 2 ( (.. ), 2546: 726-727) 1. 2. 8 ( (.. ), 2546, 672) ((.. ), 2546, 750) 70 (inner wisdom) ( , 2551) 4. 5 / 5 ( : , 2550) 4.1 (Buddhist Counselor) (client) 71 ( , 2549)4.2 2 ( , 2547 ) 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 72 ( , ) .... ( , 2547: 11, 13) 2. 73 ( (.. ), 2546: 748) 4.3 ( , 2547) 1. 74 ( , 2550) ( , 2547: 9) 4 Counseling Psychotherapy ( , 2550) 75 (.. ) ( (.. ), 2546: 914) ..... ( (.. ), 2546: 916) 76 (-) ( , 2550) 7 ( , : 64) 2. 77 5. 5.1 ( , 2550: 29) 5.2 : (Case Study Approach) 5.2.1 ( , 2550: 163) 78 1. (Life History) 2. (Personal Documents Review) 3. (Interview) 4. (Observation) 5. (Test) 6. (Self Report) 7. 79 5.2.2 ( , 2548) 1) ( , 2549) 1.1) (focus interview) (in-depth interview) 2) 2.1) 3 2.2) 80 2.3) 2.4) 5.2.3 3 (Yin, 1993 , 2550: 167-168) 3 1) (descriptive) 2) (exploratory) 3) (explanatory) ( , 2550: 163)5.3 (Participatory Action Research : PAR) 5.3.1 (2549) 2 (action) (participation) 81 (Action Research) (Participatory Research) (research for development) (research and development) 5.3.2 5.3.3 1) 2) 82 5.3.4 (2527) (2549) 3 (1) (2) (3) 5.3.5 (Participatory Action Research-PAR) 6. 83 6.1 2 (2528) (2547) (2541) (.. ) 84 (2545) 5 4 (2537) (2537) 35 18 17 3 85 .05 4 JunyaPookayaporn (2002) 2 1 1 4 1) 2) 3) 4) 86 (2549) (BPCG) 16 254 8 8 1) BPGC 2) BPGC 3) (BPCG) (2550) 72 9 3 3 3 13 1) 2) 3) 4) 18 , . 2 3 87 6.2 2 (Nelson & Jackson, 2002) (conceptual and experiential learning) (Auxier, Hughes, & Kline, 2003) (Baker, 2003) ( , 2539; , 2541; 88 , 2542; , 2543; , 2545 , 2545) Miller, Tayler West (1980) (r = .82) 6 8 Lafferty, Beutler Crago (1989) (empathy) (emotional adjustment) (relationship skill) (eliciting patient involvement) (credibility) (directiveness) (theoretical orientation) Stalikas, De Stefano Bernardelli (1997) (The Category System of Client Good Moments) 3 ( ) 16 Davanloo model of short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STDP) 3 89 (Miller, Tayler, & West, 1980; Lafferty, Beutler, & Crago, 1989) (Stalikas, De Stefano , & Bernardelli, 1997)6.3 (Nissanka, 1993) (2551) 1 1 28 2 7 14 2 7 14 5 1) 2 2) 2 3) (2551) 90 - 28 1 3 7 21 7 3 1) 2) 3) (2551) 1 32 2 8 2 8 1) 2) (2551) 36 6 3 3 6 6 1) 2) 3) 91 2 (2551) 12 6 6 1) 2 2) 2 3) (1) (2) (3) (2551) 26 2 2 6-7 5 1) 92 2 2) 2 3) (2551) 14 7 7 1) 2 2) 2 3) 93 ( , 2551; , 2551; , 2551; , 2549; , 2550; , 2551; , 2551; , 2551; , 2551) 3 2 (Nissanka,1993; , 2549) (Nissanka,1993) Pookayaporn (2002) 6.4 94 7. 4 3 95 ( ) (Realization) (Problem Solving) (Growth) (Examination) (Exploration) (Awareness) ( ) (Tuning in) (Identify Split) (Realization) 6 3 (Case Study Approach) (Participatory Action Research-PAR) Denzin (1978: 8-14) (naturalistic inquiry) 4 1. 2. 97 3. 4. 98 1. (Case and Setting) 2. (Instrumental) 3. (Data collective) 4. (Data analysis) 5. (Trustworthiness) 6. (Ethic) 1. 1.1 (purposive sampling) 2 10 1) 2 2) 99 3) 4) 5) 18 23 1) 2 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 18 24 18 24 1,000 100 (, 2546) (1) 2 3 (2) (3) 2 . . 1. 2 101 2. 2 (content validity) 2 (4) 1. 2. 2 2,000 . . (5) 2 1 2 102 1 1. 1) 1 2) 3) 4) 2. 2.1 (Tuning in) (2547) 2.2 (Identify Split) 2.3 (Realization) 103 1 ( ) ( ) 3. 3.1 3.2 1) 2) 3) 4) () ( ) () () () 1) () () 2) () 3) 104 2 . 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 1.2 1.2.1 10 18-60 18-22 7 31 1 46 1 60 1 9 1 8 8 1 1 1 .. 2552 6 .. 2550 2 .. 2553 2 3 105 3 () ()48632031181921221818 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 .. 2550255025522553255225522552255225532553 1.2.2 4 21-60 21-31 2 50-60 2 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 106 4 () . ()60312550 1.3 7 2 2. 107 2.1 2.1.1 1. 1) .. 2 2548 5 40 2) .. 3 2549 3) .. 3 2549 4) .. 3 2549 2. 3. 12 100 1) 3 7 7 .. 2530-2532 2) 5 10 10 .. 2547-2550 3) 1 7 7 .. 2551 4) 1 10 10 .. 2549 108 5) . 1 4 5 .. 2546 6) . 1 7 7 .. 2549 2.1.2 1. 1) . 3 2548 2) .. 3 2548 1 1 1 . 1 . 3) .. 3 2548 3 12 2. (sit in) .. 2550 2.1.3 1. 1) Group Techniques in Counseling .. 3 2548 2) (Practicum in Counseling) .. 3 2549 (Practicum) 12 18 200 . 3) (Internship) 40 20 . 12 2,000 . 109 2. .. 100 . 2.1.4 1. 1) .. 3 2549 2) 2 . 2 2550 2. (sit in) 1) . 2550 2) . . 2550 110 3) .. 2550 2.2 2.2.1 . . () . () 2.2.2 111 . . () 2.3 2.3.1 (Sound & Script) (sound & script) 2.3.2 (In-depth Interview) 112 2.3.3 (Journal) 2.3.4 2.3.4 3. 1. 1) 2 Practicum Internship 2) 3) 113 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2 . . 7. 8. 1-2 114 9. 4. (domain analysis) (concept) (themes) (concepts) ( -, 2536: 22; Neuman, 1991 -, 2536: 23; , 2549: 73-74; , 2549: 353-405) 1. 2. (script) 3. 2 115 4. 5. 2 800 6. 7. (domain analysis) 8. 5. (trustworthiness) 1. 2. 3. 116 4. 5. 6. 2 (triangulation) (data triangulation) (methodology triangulation) 6. 1. 117 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 119 1 (Buddhist Counseling) 4 (, 2547) ( ) () () ... (); .... () 4 counselor client.... (.) 120 (); () 2 ( , 2547) 1. 2. 4 3 1. (tuning in) 121 2. (identify split) 3. (realization) () ( ) 7

7 (Dynamic and integrated model of Buddhist counseling for individual) (: , 5 2550) (Personal Process) 3. (Realization) 2. (Identify Split) 1. (Tuning in) 4 8 ( ) (Realization) (Problem Solving) (Growth) (Examination) (Exploration) (Awareness) () 122 2 3 1 2 3 123 1 1 ()

48 1 2 8 2 124 HIV HIV 4 ( ) ( ) 125 .... . . . . . . . . () . .. . ( T L154-177) 126 () () () () () .... .... .... . 127 2 . .... . . . nap . ( T L920-945) 128 ... . .. .... 129 ( ) () ( ) . . . . ... (..) . . .. 130 . ... ( T L1399-1432) 131 2 ()

63 1 4 78 88 10 2 10 1 2 58 132 4 ( ) ( ) . ( T L11-17) 133 ( ) () () () () . . . . 134 . . 15 ... . 15 .. . . ( ) . . 15 .. 31 () 15 .. . () 15 .. ( T L188 - 217) .... .... .... .... 15 .. 135 order () 15 .. .... deep rooted action . 60% . 50% . . 15 136 . . 60% . . . ( T L 217 237) .... 3 137 2 . . . . . 15 ( T L 264 277) . . ( ) . 138 . () . ( T L 307 316) 139 3 () 20 53 1 25 6 2 3 2 140 4 4 ( ) ( ) 141 ( T L289-308) () () () () () 19 142 () ( T L477-487) () () 143 ( ) () ... .. ( T L539-564) 4 144 (...) ( T L752-775) 145 146 4 () 31 67 65 1 32 1 25 1 3 2 1 147 4 ( ) ( ) 148 () ( ) () ( T L 87102) 149 () ( ) () () ( ) () ( ) 150 ( T L309331) 151 ( 14 ) () 152 ( T L9991028) 153 5 () 20 52 46 16 . 1 .... 2 3 4 1 2 5 154 5 4 1 4 ( ) ( ) .... ( ) 155 ...... ( T L403416) () () () () () 156 ....... 157 () ( T L908-932) 158 ....( 1.30 ) .... ( ......... 13.52 ) .... .... 159 ( T L10091043) 160 ( T L10651104) () 161 162 6 () 20 2 1 163 4 ( ) ( ) ( T L24-35) () 164 ( T L63-74) 4 ( ) () () () () 165 166 (T L848-852) 167 ( T L719-812) 168 () ( T L1291-1300) () ... 169 ( T L1319-1335) ( 8 ) ( ) () () () 170 7 () 21 47 44 3-4 5 .5 To be number one 3 3 171 1 3 5 5 4 ( ) ( ) 1 172 10 (..) ( T L85-89) ( ) () () () () 173 () ( ...) 174 ( T L113-140) () () 1 175 ( T L222-245) 176 177 ( ) ( T L295-320) (Growth) () () 178 (..) ( T L358-390)

179 () 2 180 8 () 62 61 1 12 34 3 6 1 7 1 181 3 5 182 4 ( ) ( ) () ( T L64-70) () () () 183 () () 184 disorder order 185 (T L281-311) 186 ( T L312-324) () 187 .. ( T L325-357) 188 (Growth) 189 9 () 20 54 49 30 1 26 1 16 5 1 1 300 5 5-6 ( ) 190 1.30 . 4 ( ) ( ) 191 ( T L82102) () () 192 () () () ( T L 233241) 193 () ( T L255-283) 194 .... 3 195 ( ) ( T L402-423) 196 10 () 20 45 82 41 3 1 10 1 197 4 ( ) ( ) ( T L108115) 198 ( ) () () () () ( ) () 199 ( ) ( T L133147) 200 () ( T L223236) 201 ( T L243259) () ( ) () ( ) 202 ( 10 ) ( T L260287) (Growth) ( ) ( T L337343) 203 204 2 1 () . 60 2 3 30 5 2 1 3 30 2 () 4 205 3 () 2 4 () 4 1 1 206 3 207 3 1. 1 2. 2 3. 1 2 4. 4 5. 208 3 4 7 ( ) (Realization) (Problem Solving) (Growth) (Examination) (Awa ness) ( ) (Exploration) re (Personal Process) 3. (Realization) 2. (Identify Split) 1. (Tuning in) 4 8 7 (Dynamic and integrated model of Buddhist counseling for individual) (: , 5 2550) 209 8 210 1. 1.1 - (.) 10 2 .... 3 ........ 10 .... () ( (.. ), 2546 : 101) 1.2 - 211 () () 8 () 10 10 client .... core process counseling (.) 212 counselor structure ....(.) .... .... 4 4 .... () 10 ( , 2547, 2553) 2. 213 2.1 2 2.1.1 3 2.1.1.1 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 2.1.1.2 10 1 2 3 4 5 214 6 7 8 9 10 2.1.1.3 10 10 ( (.. ), 2546 : 902, 906) 2.1.2 10 215 2 2.1.2.1 1) (.) 2) .... (.) 3) counselor Buddhist client(.) 216 4) counselor (.) 5) helper .... helper helpee present ... (.) realize () 6) () ( ) 217 7) .... .... .... .... () .... counseling .... (.) 2.1.2.2 4 1) counselor (.) 218 2) .... . () () () () 219 3) experientially .... structure (.) 1 2 counseling counselor (.) .... .... .... () 4) .... .... .... (. ) 220 realize () 10 2.2 2 2.2.1 10 2.2.2 1 221 10 3. 2 3.1 2 3.1.1 2 1) 2) 222 3.1.2 ( , 2547, 2553) 9 8 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 223 5 4 6 7 8 10 ( , 2547, 2553) 8 224 ( (.. ), 2546 : 902, 906-907) 3.2 2 3.2.1 2 1) 2) 3.2.2 10 225 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7 3 5 226 6 7 8 9 10 227 2 10 5 2 4 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 228 . 8 ( (.. ), 2546 : 733-887) ( (.. ), 2546 : 908) ( , 2551; , 2551; , 2551; , 2549; , 2550; , 2551; , 2551; , 2551; , 2551) 229 4 3 1) 2) 3) 9 1. 230 () () () ( (.. ), 2546: 902, 906-907) 2. 231 . . .... () () () ( (.. ), 2546: 733-887) 1. 4 ? (.. 10/299/348) 2. ... ......... 232 ( .. 17/103/63) 3. ? ? (.. 14/258/181) 4 3. 3 (); ( ); .... ... () ( ) 233 ( (.. ), 2546: 908) 234 5 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 235 10 236 1. 3 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 () ........ () 237 1.1.1.2 .... (); (); ( ) 1.1.1.3 sense self () 1.1.1.4 .... (); (); () 1.1.1.5 .... (); .... .... (); .... () 1.1.1.6 .... 238 (); () 1.1.1.7 .... .... .... .... () 1.1.1.8 .... ()

1.1.2 client .... (.); (); counselor (.) 1.2 1.2.1 239 1.2.1.1 . () 1.2.1.2 ........ .... () 1.2.1.3 .... () 1.2.2 2 1.2.2.1 () 240 1.2.2.2 (); () (); () 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.1.1 () 1.3.1.2 .... .... ( ) 241 1.3.1.3 .... ( ) 1.3.1.4 (); (); .... ( ) 1.3.1.5 .... ........ .... () 1.3.1.6 ( ); ........ () 1.3.1.7 () 1.3.1.8 (); 242 .... .... .... ()

( ) .... () 1.3.1.9 (); .... () 1.3.1.10 .... ()

1.3.2 243 1.3.2.1 4 .... 4 (.) 2

1) (); .... () 2) 244 (. ); split () () 1.3.2.2 .... .... .... .... (); () counselor (.); () .... (.) 245 4 client .... core process .... totality .... .... counseling (.) 246 ... .... .... 4 .... .... .... .... .... () counselor .... .... (.) 2. 2.1 2.1.1 () 2.1.2 247 (); () 2.1.3 2 1) .... () (); () 2) .... ( ) 2.2 ( ); (); () 3. 248 3.1 .... ( 3.2 ... .... () 3.3 .... ( ); .... ( ) 4. ....... .... .... () 2 249 1. (); ........ ( ); .... .... () 2. 2.1 .... (); (); () 2.2 (); (); () 250 2.3 () 2.4 () 2.5 () 2.6 () 2.7 () 2.8 (); () 251 2.9 () 2.10 .... () 2.11 () 2 23 2 (. .20/371/110) ( ) 252 ( (.. ), 2546: 673) () JunyaPookayaporn (2002) (Nissanka, 1993) 253 (2549) (BPCG) (2550) 18 , . 2 (Tuning in) (Identifying Sprit) (Realization) .... () Miller, Tayler, West (1980) Lafferty, Beutler, Crago (1989) Stalikas A, De Stefano J, Bernardelli A. (1997) 254 () () () .... .... .... () 255 consult consult () () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( (.. ), 2546: 621) 4 ( (.. ), 2546: 670-671) 256 ( (.. ), 2546: 674-675) 5 (Case Study Approach) (Particiipatory Action Research-PAR) 1. 2. 10 10 4 3. 1-2 1-2 .. 2550-2553 .. 2553 258 4. 5. 3 1 2 3 1 4 1. 1.1 - 1.2 - 259 2. 2.1 2.1.1 3 2.1.1.1 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.3 10 2.1.2 10 2 2.1.2.1 260 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 261 2.1.2.2 4 1) 2) 3) 1 2 4) 262 2.2 2 2.2.1 2.2.2 1 3. 2 3.1 2 3.1.1 2 1) 2) 263 3.1.2 3.2 2 3.2.1 2 1) 2) 3.2.2 2 264 2 3 1. 2. 3. 3 2 1. 3 265 1.1 2 1.1.1 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 266 8) 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1) 2) 3) 1.2.2 2 1) 267 2) 1.3 2 1.3.1 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 268 7) 8) 9) 10) 1.3.2 1) 2 2) 2. 2 269 2.1 2 2.2 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4. 2 270 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 271 2.9 2.10 2.11 1. 1.1 1.2 272 2. 2.1 2.2 .. 273 . (2525). 45 . 4: . . (2551). 1. . . (2528). . . . (2549). . 2. : . . (2551). . . . (2527). . : . . (2539). . . . (2551). . . . (2549). . . 275 . (2541). . . -. (2536). . . ( ). (2530). . . 9 2552, http://www.larndham.net/cgi-bin/kratoo.pl/000169.htm (.. ). (2546). . 11. : . . (2543). - (). . . (2550). . . . . (2548). . : . . (2551). . . . (2551). . .. (2545). . . . . (2548). . . .(2551). . . 276 . (2541). (.. ) . . . (2545). . . . (2545). . . . (2547). . . . (2549). 7. : . . (2550). . 15. : . . (2530). (). : . . (2551). . . . ( ). . (). . ( ). (Dhammic psychology and counseling). . . (2547). Personal growth and counseling group: A buddhistperspective. (). 6 2547. . (2547). . . 11 2547. 277 . (2549). . . 1-4 2549. . (2549). . . 2 2549. . (2550). . . 5 2550. . (2550). . . 21 2550. . (2550). . . 5 2550. . (2551). . . 8 2551. . (2552). . . 5 2552. . (2542). . . . (2537). . . . 278 Auxier, C. R., Hughes, F. R.,& Kline, W. B. (2003). Identity development in counselors in-training. Counselor Education & Supervision, 43, 25-38. Baker, B. G. (2003). The process of group supervision: A grounded theory of mastersstudents experiences. Retrived January 5, 2008 from: http://proquest.umi.com Brown, D. B., & Lent, R. W. (2000). Handbook of counseling phychology (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Capuzzi, D. and Gross, D.R. (1991). Introduction to Counseling. Boston: Allyn andBacon. Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (6nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act (2nd ed.).New York: McGraw-Hill Book. Dryden, W. (1996). Research In Counselling And Psychotherapy: Practical Applications. California, Sage Publications. Lafferty, P., Beutler, L. E., & Crago, M. (1989). Differences between more and less effective psychotherapy: A study of selected therapist variable. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 57, 76-80. McLeod. J. (2003). Doing Counselling Research (2nd ed). London: Sage Publications. Miller, W., Tayler, C., & West, J. (1980). Focused versus broad spectrum behavior therapy for problem drinkers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,48, 590-601.Nelson, W. N., & Jachson. S. A. (2002). Professional counselor identity development: A qualitative study of Hispanic student interns. Counselor Education & Supervision,43, 25-14. Nissanka, H. S. S. (1993). Buddhist Psychotherapy: An eastern therapeutical approach tomental problems. Delhi: Ram Printograph. Pookayaporn, J. (2002). Wisdom and Compassion in Action: Theravada Buddhistnuns as facilitators of healing. Retrived November 19, 2007, from: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertation/preview_all/3042873 279 Rogers, C.R. (1951). Client-Centered Therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, C.R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21 (2): 95-103. Rogers, C.R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mefflin. Rogers, C.R. (1975). Empathic: An Unappreciated way of being. The CounselingPsychologist, 5: 2-9. Rogers, C.R. (1980). A way of being. Boston: Houghton Mefflin. Rowan, J. (1998). The reality game: A guide to humanistic counseling and psychotherapy. 2nd ed. Great Britain: TJ International. Schultz. B. (1977).Growth psychology: models of healthy Personality. New York: Litton Educational. Stalikas A, De Stefano J, Bernardelli A. (1997). Client process in short term dynamic psychotherapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 10 (1), 29-38. 281 () 1. 2. () 3. () 4. () 5. () 6. 7. 8. 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 ( ) 301 301 302 ( 10 ) 303 1 1 2 3 . 4 5 5 () 6 Sacret space 7 8 ( 9 ) 10 () 5 11 Psychothera 12 Conduct 13 14 15 5 16 17 ... 18 () 19 () 20 () 21 () Fill it up 22 23 ( ) 24 1 2 3 4 5 25 26 27 ( 28 ) ()29 304 ... 30 disease 31 Please 32 disease 33 helping healing 34 collecting 35 36 () 37 38 39 40 41 . 42 43 44 . 45 46 . 47 48 . 49 50 51 .52 53 54 55 . 56 305 57 58 59 . 60 61 62 .63 64 65 .66 67 . 68 69 70 .71 72 73 .74 75 PPE 76 77 .78 79 .80 81 . 82 83 84 .85 306 86 87 .88 89 90 .91 92 . 93 94 .95 96 .97 98 .99 100 . 101 102 103 104 .105 106 107 . 108 109 110 .111 112 . 113 307 114 115 .116 117 118 . 119 120 121 .122 123 .124 125 .126 127 . 128 129 .130 131 . 132 ()133 .134 135 . 136 0 137 .138 0 % 0 139 . 140 141 . 142 308 143 . 144 0 0 145 .146 147 . 148 149 150 151 .152 self 153 . 154 155 . 156 157 .158 159 160 161 . 162 163 .164 165 .166 167 . 168 169 . 170 171 309 . 172 173 ()174 . 175 ..176 . 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 0 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 . 199 200 310 . 201 202 . 203 204 205 206 .207 208 .209 210 .211 212 .213 214 215 216 .217 218 219 220 221 222 223 .224 225 226 227 228 . 229 311 230 231 .232 233 234 . 235 236 .237 238 239 3 240 241 242 . 243 1244 . 245 . 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 312 . 16 259 260 261 262 263 . 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 313 288 289 290 291 292 . 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 .302 303 304 305 . 306 307 308 309 310 . 311 312 .313 314 315 .316 314 317 318 319 320 321 .322 323 . 324 325 326 327 . 328 329 330 . 331 332 .333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 . 344 345 315 . 346 347 . 348 349 . 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 .359 360 . 361 362 . 363 364 . 365 366 367 368 . 369 370 . 371 372 . 373 374 316 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 .394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 317 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 . 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 318 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 % 444 445 0 446 .447 448 449 .450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 319 .462 463 .464 465 . 466 467 .468 469 .470 471 .472 473 474 .475 476 . 477 ()478 . 45.33479 480 481 482 .483 484 .485 ()486 ()487 488 ()489 490 320 491 ()492 493 494 .495 496 . 497 498 499 500 .501 502 .503 504 .505 506 . 507 508 . 509 510 . 511 512 . 513 514 515 .516 517 .518 519 321 .520 521 .522 523 524 .525 526 .527 528 . 529 530 .531 532 . 533 534 535 .536 537 .538 539 . 540 541 .542 543 .544 545 . 546 547 . 548 322 549 . ....550 551 . ...552 553 554 . 555 556 . ....557 558 . 559 560 Counselor 561 ... 562 563 .564 565 . 566 567 568 . 569 570 571 .572 ( 573 )574 . 575 () 576 323 577 578 579 580 581 . ()582 583 . 584 ()585 . 586 587 ()588 . 589 () 590 591 () 592 593 594 595 596 . () 597 598 599 . 600 601 .602 603 604 605 324 606 607 608 609 .610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 . ()625 626 627 . . 628 629 630 . 631 632 . 633 % % () 634 325 () 635 nacking () 636 637 638 639 () 640 () 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 ..651 652 653 654 . () 655 656 657 . ()658 659 660 661 . () 662 663 326 . 664 665 . () social professional 666 ()667 668 . () 669 670 ()671 . ()672 673 674 . ()675 676 . 677 ()678 679 .680 681 . ()682 683 684 685 686 ()687 . 688 689 690 691 327 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 . 703 704 . 705 706 .() criticizing person707 708 709 710 711 . ()712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 328 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 . 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 . 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 329 750 751 752 . ()753 754 755 756 . 757 758 759 760 . 761 762 . 763 764 . 765 766 . 767 768 . 769 770 .771 772 . 773 774 . () 775 ()776 777 . 778 330 779 . ()780 781 782 783 784 785 786 . ()787 788 789 790 791 792 .793 794 . 795 796 797 . ()798 799 800 . 801 802 . 803 804 805 . 806 331 807 3 808 809 810 811 812 813 . 814 815 . 816 817 818 819 .. 820 821 . ()822 823 . 824 825 826 . () I am sorry 827 828 829 . 830 831 832 .833 834 332 . If835 836 ( 837 ) ()838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 . 846 847 . 848 849 850 851 852 . 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 . 861 862 863 333 864 . 865 866 . 867 868 869 870 871 872 .873 874 . ()875 876 877 878 879 880 () 881 882 883 discuss 884 885 886 887 () 888 889 .890 891 . 892 334 893 . ()894 ()895 .896 897 898 899 900 . 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 . 915 916 . 917 918 919 920 921 335 922 923 924 925 . 926 927 .928 929 . nap 930 931 932 . 933 934 935 936 937 938 . 939 940 . 941 942 . 943 944 . 945 946 947 948 949 950 336 951 952 ()953 . ()954 955 . 956 Cl 957 958 959 . ()960 961 962 963 964 965 () 966 967 968 . ()969 . 970 () 971 972 disease 973 974 975 Knowledge disease 976 977 978 979 337 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 338 . () 1009 1010 1011 .1012 1013 .1014 1015 . 1016 1017 . 1018 1019 .. 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 .. 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 339 1038 1039 1040 ()1041 1042 . ()1043 Cl ()1044 ()1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 .1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 . 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 340 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 () 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 .1089 1090 1091 1092 .. 1093 1094 1095 341 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 . () ( 1104 ) 1105 1106 ..1107 . 1108 1109 . 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 .1116 1117 1118 .1119 1120 . 1121 1122 . 1123 1124 342 . 1125 1126 . ()1127 ()1128 1129 1130 1131 .1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 343 1154 1155 . 5 () 1156 1157 . 1158 1159 . 1160 1161 1162 .1163 1164 1165 . () 1166 1167 1168 . () 1169 () 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 . 1177 1178 1179 1180 . 1181 1182 344 .1183 1184 . 1185 1186 1187 1188 . 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 .1194 1195 .1196 1197 .1198 1199 1200 1201 . () 1202 () 1203 1204 .1205 1206 . 1207 1208 1209 1210 ()1211 345 .1212 1213 . 1214 1215 1216 . 1217 1218 . 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 . 1224 1225 .You be dam if you do. You be dam if you do t. 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 .1234 1235 . 1236 1237 .1238 1239 .1240 346 1241 .1242 1243 1244 .1245 Counselor 1246 1247 1248 . 1249 1250 . 1251 1252 1253 . 1254 1255 1256 1257 . 1258 1259 .1260 1261 . 1262 1263 .1264 1265 . 1266 1267 . 1268 1269 347 .1270 1271 . 1272 1273 . 1274 1275 . 1276 1277 .1278 1279 1280 .1281 1282 1283 . 1284 1285 1286 . 1287 1288 . 1289 1290 ()1291 . 1292 1293 . () 1294 .. 1295 1296 1297 1298 348 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 .1305 1306 .1307 1308 1309 1310 .1311 1312 .1313 1314 1315 . 1316 1317 1318 1319 .1320 1321 . ()1322 1323 .1324 1325 . () 1326 1327 349 . 1328 1329 . () personal1330 ()1331 1332 . 1333 1334 1335 . 1336 1337 1338 1339 . 1340 1341 1342 . 1343 1344 . 1345 1346 . 1347 1348 1349 1350 .1351 1352 . 1353 1354 1355 . 1356 350 1357 . 1358 1359 . 1360 1361 . 1362 1363 1364 .1365 1366 . 1367 1368 . 1369 1370 1371 .1372 1373 . 1374 1375 1376 1377 .1378 1379 . 1380 1381 . 1382 1383 . 1384 1385 351 . 1386 1387 1388 .1389 1390 . 1391 ... 1392 ....1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 ()1400 ( ) 1401 () 1402 1403 . 1404 1405 . 1406 1407 . 1408 1409 .1410 ... 1411 ( ..)1412 . 1413 1414 352 . 1415 1416 . 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 . ... 1423 1424 1425 1426 . 1427 1428 1429 . 1430 .. 1431 . 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 .. 1439 1440 . ( ...) 1441 1442 ....1443 353 1444 1445 1446 ... 1447 1448 .1449 1450 . 1451 1452 . ..1453 1454 .1455 1456 . ..1457 1458 1459 . 1460 1461 . 1462 .. 1463 1464 354 1 2 2 3 . 4 5 . 6 helper 7 8 9 ..10 ... 11 12 13 . 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 helper helper 26 27 28 29 355 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 15 37 38 39 . helping 40 41 42 43 . 44 45 46 47 . 48 49 50 51 52 . 53 54 55 56 57 58 356 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 . 80 81 . 82 83 84 .CO Helper Helper 85 Helper 86 . Helper 87 357 Helper 88 89 release 90 91 . 92 93 . release stress 94 95 96 .97 98 . release 99 100 . root 101 root 102 . professional 103 104 105 106 .107 disease108 109 . 110 111 112 . 113 root Helpee 114 115 . 116 358 117 . 118 119 120 . 121 122 123 .124 125 .126 127 128 .129 130 . 131 132 . Otop 133 disease 134 . explor 135 136 . 137 138 .139 140 . 141 142 . 143 present 144 145 359 146 . 147 148 . 149 150 . 151 tuning in tuning in152 153 main main main treame main problem154 Helper 155 organize 156 157 .main 158 159 160 . main () main 161 162 163 164 165 .166 167 . main 168 169 .170 171 . 172 173 . 174 360 175 176 .177 178 . 179 180 . 181 182 . main 183 main main 184 185 . 186 187 . main 188 189 190 191 192 . 193 194 . 195 196 .197 198 .199 200 . 201 15 202 . 203 361 204 . 15 205 206 .207 208 . ()209 210 .211 212 . 15 213 31 214 215 ()216 15 217 . 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()316 317 . 318 365 319 . 320 321 . 15 322 323 .324 325 . 326 327 328 329 .330 331 . 332 333 . 334 30 335 366 1 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ( ....1.27-3.07)22 23 24 25 26 27 28 367 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 368 58 () 59 60 () 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 369 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 () 101 102 ()103 104 ( ....18 ) 105 ( ...40 )106 () 107 15.34108 109 ( ...)110 111 112 ( ...) 113 ()114 370 ( ...14 )115 ( ...15 )116 117 118 ( ...15 ) 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 () 132 133 () 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 () 143 371 144 145 ()146 147 148 149 ( ..7 ) 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 () 168 169 170 171 172 372 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 () 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 373 202 203 204 205 206 207 ()208 209 () () 210 () 211 () 212 ( ..) 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 () () 220 221 222 223 . 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 374 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 () 247 248 249 250 251 19 252 19 253 254 19 255 256 257 258 375 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 6 8 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 376 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 377 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 ()344 345 378 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 19 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 .. 366 367 368 369 19 370 371 372 373 379 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 19 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 19 4 397 398 399 400 401 402 380 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 8 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 2 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 381 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 382 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 .. 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