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Biotechnology Scotland Project

5 14 Biotechnology

Trial Materials

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Improving Science Education 5-14Planning framework - Unit 32 Biotechnology

respiration

give the main distinguishing features of microorganisms

describe the harmful and beneficial role ofmicroorganisms

explain the role of chromosomes and genes ininheritance

outline the principles of modern biotechnology andexplain its significance now and for the future

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Main distinguishing features

of micro-organisms

Size very small, use microscope

Reproduction can be very rapid givenappropriate conditions

Ubiquitous found everywhere

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Looking at Micro-organisms

Types & Size - Microscopy

Hanging drop preparation

Algae

Protozoa

Wet preparation

Yeast

Prepared slides/photographs

Bacteria

Viruses

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Working with Micro-organisms

Health & Safety ConsiderationsCOSHH Regulations Safety

Code of Practice

Microbiology Techniques

Microbiology techniques Cards

Micro Safety and Techniques CD-Romfrom SSERC

Training required to level 3

Contact SSERC in 1st instance

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Growing Micro-organisms

- effect of temperatureInoculate plates

with yeast

refrigerator

room

oven

room

room

room

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Growing Micro-organisms

- where are they found?

control test

inoculate

control test

Seal plates

Incubate room Temp

Do not re-open

Autoclave

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Harmful & Helpful Effects of Micro-organismsBaddies and Buddies

Harmful Effects

Food spoilage bread moulds

Food poisoning - hygiene

Other diseases - antifungals

Helpful Effects

Food manufacture dough race

Decomposition compost column

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Harmful Micro-organisms

- bread mould investigationUse different types of bread

White

Brown

Organic

Non-organic

Long-life

Use double self-sealplastic bags

Leave at roomtemperature

Observe appearanceand progression ofmould growth

Do not open

Autoclave on completion of investigation

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Harmful Micro-organisms

- effect of cleaning

unwashed water

disinfectant

unwashed water

disinfectant

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Harmful Micro-organisms

- antifungals

control

anti-fungal

Tape plates closed, do not re-open

Autoclave on completion

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Helpful Micro-organisms

- dough race

1

Flour

Water

2

Flour

Yeast

3

Flour

Yeast

Sugar

Greater respiration in 3 causes greater CO2production and dough to rise further

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Role of chromosomes & genes

in Inheritance

Extraction of DNA

Fruit Full of DNA

Electrophoresis

Wizard genes

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Role of chromosomes & genes

- fruit Full of DNA

Keep materials cool where indicated

Squash fruit in plastic bag to mechanically break upcells

Add washing up liquid, salt and heat to 60C for15 min to disrupt cellular membranes

Filter to remove cell debris

Precipitate by adding cold methanol

DNA appears as white strands in methanol

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Role of chromosomes & genes

- Wizard DNA Gel Electrophoresis

Gel Electrophoresis

negative charge on molecules

gel is porous

molecules travel through gel according to sizewhen electrical current applied

smaller molecules travel faster

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Role of chromosomes & genes

- Wizard DNA Electrophoresis

Importance of gel electrophoresis

Gene identification, manipulation and sequencing

Forensics, paternity cases

Practical introduces the idea of separating mixturesand using bands to assist in identification

Electrophoresis of a mixture of food dyes