5 alternative linda. 5 alternative linda community-based disaster preparedness/risk management...

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Community-based disaster preparedness/risk management (CBDRM) model

Community-based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP)

Community-based Mitigation and Preparedness (CBMP)

Community-Driven Reconstruction (CDR)

Owner Driven Reconstruction (ODR) model

Community-based disaster management

Terms for Participatory activities in Disaster Relief

Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office.

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Community-Based Disaster Management

“Discovered” in 1970s

Used by United Nations Centre for Regional Development and International Red Cross and Red Crescent societies

Studied in depth with the “Sustainability in Community-Based Disaster Management” project

Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office. Shaw, R & Okazaki, K. (2004). Sustainability in grass-roots Initiatives: Focus on Community Based Disaster Management. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office.

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Principles of CBDM:

Recognition of the exigency of community involvementBelief in community’s capability and indigenous knowledgeRecognition of different vulnerabilities of various groups in

a communityA concern for improvement in the overall wellbeing of the

people An emphasis upon organizational and technical capacity

building of the communityA philosophy of risk reductionEnhancing community awareness about risksPrecautionary measure and mitigation actionsMobilization of local resources

Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

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How CBDM works at each stage

MITIGATION •Communities can Lessen their Exposure to Specific Hazards and Prevent Disasters from Occurring

PREPARED-NESS

•Disaster preparedness which builds on local knowledge can dramatically reduce suffering and loss of life & infrastructure. Many actions can be taken by communities to reduce impacts of Disasters.

RESPONSE•When disasters happen local Community can save the most lives in the first 12 -24 hours…and this is often before external support has arrived.

RECOVERY•Effective & sustainable disaster recovery is only possible when you have community ownership of processes & they are aware that development can lead to Disasters

Ricos, M. (2008). Community Based Disaster Management. Indonesian Development of Education and Permaculture (IDEP) Foundation.

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Community Based Disaster Preparedness

Examine community’s susceptibility to hazards (vulnerability analysis)

Indentify the human material resources available to cope with these threats (capability assessment)

Define the organizational structures by which a coordinated response is to be launched (plan development)

**Community Vulnerability and Capacity in Post-Disaster Recovery

Yasui, E. (2007). Community vulnerability and capacity in post-disaster recovery: The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoods in the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Co-lumbia

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Requires government, NGO,

& community interaction

Building commu-

nity capacity

Analyzing communitystructure

Community Based Disaster Preparedness

Allen, K. (2006). Community-based disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacityBuilding in the Philippines. Disasters, 30(1), 81-101. doi:10.1111/j.1467 9523.2006.00308.x.

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Examples of PRA in Disaster Management

Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p31 United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

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Okazaki, K. & Narita, E. (Eds.) (2004). UNCRD Tapestry: Defining the Past and Building the Future of CBDM.. p29. United Nations Centre for Regional Development & Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office..

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Timeline of a Community Preparing For,Experiencing, and Recovering From Disaster

Time

Prep

ared

ness

Pre-Disaster

VulnerabilityDisasterEvent

Recovery Aim


Role of Local Community

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The Change-Over of Responsbility

Role of External Assisting Groups

Time

Resp

onsi

bilit

y


The Progression of Vulnerability

Limitedaccess to•Power•Structures•Resources

Ideologies•PoliticalSystems•Economicsystems

Lack of•Local institutions•Training•Appropriate skills•Local investments•Local markets•Press freedom•Ethical standards in public lifeMacro-forces•Rapid population growth•Rapid urbanization•Arms expenditure•Debt repayment schedules•Deforestation•Decline in soil pro-ductivity

Fragile physical en-vironment•Dangerous locations•Unprotected buildings and infrastructureFragile local econ-omy•Livelihoods at risk•Low income levelsVulnerable society•Special groups at risk•Lack of local institu-tionsPublic actions•Lack of disaster pre-paredness•Prevalence of en-demic disease

• Earthquake

• High winds(cyclone,

hurricane,typhoon)

• Flooding

• Volcaniceruption

• Landslide

• Drought

• Virus and pests

Risk = Hazardⅹ

Vulnerability

R = H Vⅹ

1. Root Causes2. Dynamic Pressures

3. Unsafe ConditionsHazards

Yasui, E. (2007). Community vulnerability and capacity in post-disaster recovery: The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoods in the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Vancouver, p36. Canada: University of British Columbia

Vulnerability Pressure and Release Model

Community DevelopmentCommunity Function – Planned Efforts – Community Organizing

– Types of Community, CBOs and approaches

State/PoliticalLevels ofVulnerability

•Top-downdecision makingprocesses

•Narrowdevelopmentfocus

•Inflexible policy and practices,etc.

Local/CommunityLevels ofVulnerability

•Lack of orinactive CBOs•Aging population•Low birth rate•Local economyin decline•Power imbal-ance with local government and within people, etc.

Physical/Technical Levels of Vulnerability

•Number offragile buildings•Density•Narrow streets•Fewer public parks and open spaces•Poor disastermanagement, etc.

BuildingCommunityCapacity

•Enhanced response capability•Human capital to in-fluence policy•Disaster planning•Utilization of existing resources•Involvement of local government and busi-ness•Improvement of natu-ral environment and housing•Insurance, etc.

FuturePotentialHazards

• Earthquake

• High winds(cyclone,

hurricane,typhoon)

• Flooding

• Volcaniceruption

• Landslide

Disasterand

Recovery

Yasui, E. (2007). Community vulnerability and capacity in post-disaster recovery: The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoods in the wake of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Vancouver, p134. Canada: University of British Columbia

Community Vulnerability and Capacity Model

GoalAn efficient, responsive, and focused programme that contributes to reducing vulnerability is implemented by the Haitian National Red Cross Society

Programme Objective The HNRCS has a well-functioning disaster management department which is ensuring effective services to vulnerable target populations

The political and economic situation remains sufficiently stable

Adequate donor commitment and support is forthcoming

CRH is committed to restructuring of its DM setup, procedures, and systems

Expected Results Indicators Sources of Verification Risks/Assumptions

Haiti Country Delegation – plan for 2007Programme Name: Disaster Management

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2007). P18-21. Federation Secretariat ’s support to the Haitian National Red Cross Society: Operational plan 2006-2007.

Expected Result 2:The activities of the HNRCS in relation to disaster management before, during and after disasters are guided by a disaster management strategy with plans and protocols

Disaster response plans and specific contingency plans are in place at regional level and are put into practice

Disaster response and contingency plans documents

Activities for Expected Result 2: Provide technical and financial support for the training of regional disaster managers in the preparation and use of contingency plans with the branches at the highest risk from hurricanesProvide technical and financial support in the preparation of contingency plans for major events at regional levels with the support of those branches that are most exposed to the risk of hurricanes

Expected Result 1: The HNRCS has a dynamic disaster management department that is able to react swiftly and effectively, coordinating the various technical services in the headquarters and the branches

Response time to sudden onset disastersProportion of planned coordination meetings held. Regularity of communications between the disaster management department at headquarters and branch level disaster managers

Coordination meeting reportsCommunications reports between the disaster management department at headquarters and branch level disaster managersDisaster evaluations and annual review

Activities for Expected Result 1: Evaluation of HRC response systemFacilitate the training of Heads of Service who are involved in the Crisis Committee.Facilitate simulation exercise at national level for the heads of services involved in the Crisis CommitteeFacilitate a training workshop for regional disaster managers


Expected Result 4:A functional and well maintained tele-communication network guarantees nationwide communication coverage and improves the HNRCS disaster management capacity

Radio coverage in all regional branches is consistentImprovements in communications between regional branches and headquarters.Number of radio contacts between headquarters and relevant branches in a disaster situation.

Tests carried out in the fieldInterviews of tele-communications users

Activities for Expected Result 4:Ensure on-going training of telecommunications users and techniciansEnsure low level of maintenance of the VHF networkEnsure regular checks of the functionality between the branches and the headquarters.

Expected Result 3: The technical capacities of the staff and volunteers at regional and local levels to provide timely quality services in Disaster Management are strengthened

By the end of 2007, sufficient numbers of disaster managers are trained in each targeted HNRCS branch.Number of branch level disaster managers trained as trainers

Training reports and documents/ List of participants in training workshops

Activities for Expected Result 3:Facilitate training of trainersProvide facilitation expertise and financial support for the holding of NITs training sessions



Expected Results Indicators Sources of Verification Risks/AssumptionsExpected Result 5:The capacity of communities to manage risk and to respond independently to disaster is increased

Number of HNRCS volunteers trained in CBDM methodologies, including VCA and BPI.Number of integrated community risk management activities conducted by targeted communities

Baseline study reportTraining reports/List of participants in training sessions in VCACommunity risk mapsProgress reports from targeted communitiesAnnual report

Activities for Expected Result 5:Select, adapt, and translate relevant CBDM materials and approaches.Provide technical support for training of HNRCS volunteers in Vulnerability and Capacity AssessmentProvide technical support of HNRCS in the preparation of risk mapsProvide technical support to HNRCS to carry out disaster preparedness, dissemination and capacity building activitiesProvide technical assistance to the HNRCS in the development of small scale risk management and mitigation projects


Expected result 6: An efficient and cost effec-tive logistics system is in place to support the various programmes and operations of the HNRCS

By the 1st quarter of 2006, an operational logistics unit is in placeBy the 2nd quarter of 2006, procedures regulating pur-chases and clarifying levels of authority are in place.Level of adherence to pro-curement procedures.By the end of 2006, essential disaster management and other equipment is available and stored in professionally managed warehouse space. By the end of 2006, relief sup-plies for populations affect by disasters are in placeBy the end of 2006, an opera-tional HNRCS fleet is in place

List of staff and equipment for the logistics unitProcedures regulating pro-curementDocumentation relating to purchases carried out.Inventory of lists of equip-ment and stocks.Inventory lists of relief sup-plies. Procedures regulating the provision of relief supplies in the event of emergencies are in place.Fleet management guidelinesLogistic provision documentsInterviews with HNRCS and Federation staff

Activities for Expected Result 6: Train a national Logistics OfficerConduct a logistics analysis and mapping with the support of PADRU’s RLUReview procedures regulating and clarifying levels of authorityTrain staff at headquarters and regional level in procurement proceduresTrain HNRCS national and regional volunteers in warehouse stock managementDevelop maintenance and restocking systemsProvide technical support for the establishment of pre-agreements with suppliers for guaranteed supplies.Provide technical support in the development and maintenance of a yearly inventory of disaster response supplies and equipmentReview the existing Fleet Management SystemProvide technical support in the estabilishment of a Fleet Management System for HNRCS vehicles


Expected result 7:The second phase of the Kouri di Vwazin ‘W project isdeveloped and implemented, reaching more hazard-prone communities

Kouri di Vwazin ‘W reaches additional isolated, vulnerable populations with key messages by the end of 2007Increased number of trained “relais communautaires” available

Plan of Action for Phase 2 of the Kouri di Wnazin ‘W projectBranch reportsProgramme Updates

Activities for Expected Result 7:Compile lessons learned form Kouri di Vwazin’ W phase 1 and disseminate these.Facilitate the implement-ation of phase 2 of the Kouri di Vwazin ‘W projectProvide support for the training of increased numbers of “relais communautaires.”Provide support for the publication and (re)printing of awareness-raisingSupport the generation of media interest and partner-ships for the improved delivery of the projectProvide support for assessment of phase 2 of the project



5 alternative linda. 5 alternative linda community-based disaster preparedness/risk management...

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