5. huong dan dtm kcn

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

HNG DN LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG D N XY DNG KT CU H TNG KHU CNG NGHIP

H Ni, 10/2009

Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip - 10/2009

Li ni u Tun th Lut Bo v Mi trng v cc vn bn di lut, cng tc bo v mi trng ni chung v nh gi tc ng mi trng ni ring c trin khai thc hin trn a bn c nc. T nm 1994 n nay, nhiu d n u t lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, c Hi ng thm nh cc cp t Trung ng ti a phng t chc thm nh v cp Quyt nh ph chun. Ni dung ch yu ca mt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c nu trong Ngh nh 175/CP ngy 18/10/1994 ca Chnh ph hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo v Mi trng 1993 trc y v trong Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005. Tuy nhin, y l nhng quy nh chung v ni dung i vi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca tt c cc lnh vc sn xut v dch v, trong khi nhiu lnh vc, nhiu ngnh khc nhau c nhng c th ring c v tnh cht ngun thi, c v quy m v phm vi tc ng mi trng. iu i hi cn phi c nhng hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ring cho tng ngnh, tng lnh vc c th nhm nng cao cht lng bo co cng nh cht lng thm nh. Vi mc ch nu trn, t nm 1998 n nay, Cc Mi trng (thuc B khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng) trc y v V Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng (thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng) hin nay phi hp vi mt s c quan chuyn mn t chc nghin cu, bin son cc hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng chuyn ngnh. Cc hng dn ny khi ban hnh nhn c nhiu s ng h v gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cc nh qun l, cc t chc t vn, cc t chc ti chnh v cc doanh nghip. Tip theo cc hng dn ban hnh, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng xin gii thiu bn Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip (bao gm c khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, cm cng nghip v cm lng ngh). Trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t, nu c kh khn vng mc xin kp thi phn nh v V Thm nh v nh gia tc ng mi trng theo a ch: CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG S 83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H Ni T 04-7734247, Fax: 04-77341981


MC LC M U ........................................................................................................................ 5 1. GII THIU ............................................................................................................................................... 5 2. CC C S PHP L V K THUT THC HIN TM ........................................... 5 2.1. C s php l .................................................................................................... 5 2.2. C s k thut ................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Phng php thc hin TM ........................................................................... 7 3. QUY TRNH TM .................................................................................................................................. 8 4. NI DUNG CA BO CO TM ................................................................................................ 9 5. I TNG S DNG BN HNG DN LP BO CO TM CC D N XY DNG KT CU H TNG KHU CNG NGHIP......................................... 10 CHNG 1. M T TM TT D N ................................................................ 11 1.1. TN D N ......................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2. CH D N ........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.3. V TR A L D N .................................................................................................................. 11 1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N...................................................................................... 12 1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca d n.................................................. 12 1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n ......................................................... 13 1.4.3. Mt bng tng th ca d n ....................................................................... 13 1.4.4. H tng k thut ca d n.......................................................................... 14 1.4.5. Chi ph u t d n .................................................................................... 16 1.4.6. T chc qun l d n ................................................................................. 17 1.4.7. Tin thc hin d n ............................................................................... 17 CHNG 2. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 19 2.2. CC VN TRNG TM ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3. KHO ST V NH GI MI TRNG NN ........................................................ 20 2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn ...................... 20 2.3.2. X l s liu mi trng nn ....................................................................... 24 2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nn ................................................................. 32 CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ........................................ 34 3.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 34 3.2. XC NH I TNG CHU TC NG.................................................................... 34 3.3. XC NH NGUN GY TC NG ............................................................................... 34 3.3.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi .......................................... 35 3.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi .................................... 35 3.3.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra..................................... 36 3.4. NH GI TC NG................................................................................................................ 37 3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v d n ..................................................................... 37 3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng........... 38 3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s ....................... 382


3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ......................... 41 3.4.5. nh gi tc ng tng hp ........................................................................ 47 3.4.6. nh gi v cc phng php s dng trong TM .................................... 57 CHNG 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG ................................................................... 58 4.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 58 4.2. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG GIAI ON N B V GII PHNG MT BNG ............................................................................................................................... 58 4.3. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG GIAI ON XY DNG H TNG C S ............................................................................................................................................... 59 a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang ...................................................................... 59 b. Bn bc tch b mt .......................................................................................... 59 c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn .................................................................. 59 d. Nc thi sinh hot............................................................................................ 59 e. Cht thi rn sinh hot ...................................................................................... 59 f. Cht thi xy dng.............................................................................................. 60 g. Du m thi ....................................................................................................... 60 h. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng .......... 60 i. Tnh trng ngp ng ........................................................................................... 60 k. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn ................................................. 60 l. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng ....................... 60 m. Tai nn lao ng ............................................................................................... 60 n. N bom mn tn lu trong lng t ................................................................... 61 o. S c chy .......................................................................................................... 61 4.4. CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TRONG GIAI ON KHAI THC V VN HNH ............................................................................................................................................................... 61 4.4.1. Tun th cc phng n quy hoch............................................................. 61 4.4.2. Gim thiu nhim khng kh ..................................................................... 61 4.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi ................................................................ 62 4.4.4. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi ........................ 62 4.4.5. Gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng vn ha - x hi ......................... 64 4.4.6. Gim thiu s c mi trng ....................................................................... 64 CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ... 65 5.1. NGUYN TC CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 65 5.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG .................................................................. 66 a. Chng trnh qun l mi trng ...................................................................... 66 b. T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng ..................................................... 67 5.3. CHNG TRNH GIM T MI TRNG ................................................................... 68 a. Gim st cht thi .............................................................................................. 68 b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh ...................................................................... 71 CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG ................................................ 76 6.1. THU THP CC THNG TIN V KINH T - X HI .............................................. 76

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6.2. LY KIN CA CHNH QUYN CP X V CC VN MI TRNG ........................................................................................................................................................ 76 CHNG 7. CU TRC BO CO TM I VI D N XY DNG KT CU H TNG KHU CNG NGHIP................................................................... 77 7.1. M U ................................................................................................................................................ 77 7.2. CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N ................................................................................. 77 7.3. CHNG 2: IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI ..... 78 7.4. CHNG 3: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ................................................... 78 7.5. CHNG 4: BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG .................................................................................................... 79 7.6. CHNG 5: CHNG TRNH QUN L VGIM ST MI TRNG ....... 79 7.7. CHNG 6: THAM VN KIN CNG NG ............................................................. 80 7.8. KT LUN V KIN NGH....................................................................................................... 80 PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 81 1. M HNH NH GI TC NG TCH HP ................................................................... 81 CA CC NGUN THI TI MI TRNG ......................................................................... 81 2. M HNH D BO LAN TRUYN NHIM KHNG KH ..................................... 89 3. M HNH D BO NHIM NGUN NC.................................................................. 92 4. H S PHT THI CA MT S LOI HNH CNG NGHIP........................... 102 5. CC TIU CHUN NH GI HIU QU CA H THNG X L NC THI................................................................................................................................................................ 111 6. MT S CU HNH X L NC THI .......................................................................... 112 7. MU PHIU IU TRA X HI HC.................................................................................. 113 8. MU PHIU IU TRA CC H NUI TRNG THY SN ............................... 116 9. MU PHIU IU TRA CC H NH BT THY SN ..................................... 119

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M U 1. Gii thiu Theo Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, cc d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip thuc d n phi lp bo co TM v nm s th t 10 ca ph lc I, bng Danh mc cc d n phi lp bo co TM v trnh np thm nh ti B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (theo mc 9, ph lc II). Vic xy dng bn hng dn k thut v TM v lp bo co TM cho cc d n loi ny l mt nhim v cp thit. 2. Cc c s php l v k thut thc hin TM 2.1. C s php l C s php l thc hin TM l cc vn bn php quy ca Nh nc, Chnh ph, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v ca chnh quyn a phng ni thc hin d n. Di y xin dn ra cc vn bn lin quan n TM ca Nh nc, Chnh ph v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng: 1. Lut u t 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005; 2. Lut Bo v mi trng 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua ngy 19/11/2005; 3. Ngh nh s 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut u t; 4. Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s diu ca Lut Bo v mi trng; 5. Ngh nh 81/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng; 6. Ngh nh s 68/2005/N-CP ngy 20/5/2005 ca Chnh ph v an ton ha cht; 7. Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht thi rn; 8. Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28/05/2007 ca Chnh ph v thot nc th v khu cng nghip; 9. Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh Ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi;5


10. Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc; 11. Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 ca Chnh Ph v vic Sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh Ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; 12. Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 8/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng; 13. Thng t s 08/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 15/07/2009 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v qui nh qun l v bo v mi trng khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip. 14. Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi; 15. Thng t s 07/2007/TT-BTNMT ngy 03/07/2007 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic Hng dn phn loi v quyt nh danh mc c s gy nhim mi trng cn x l; 16. Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi cht thi nguy hi; 17. Quyt nh s 29/1999/Q-BXD ngy 22/10/1999 ca B trng B Xy dng ban hnh Quy ch bo v mi trng trong ngnh xy dng; 18. Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng; 19. Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v vic Ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v sinh lao ng; 20. Cc vn bn php l lin quan n vic thc hin d n. Vn bn chp thun ch trng quy hoch d n; Vn bn chp thun a im quy hoch d n; Vn bn ph duyt quy hoch d n;

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Vn bn n b v ti nh c cho d n; 2.2. C s k thut Cc ti liu c s dng khi thc hin TM cho cc d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip bao gm: 1. D n u t hay bo co nghin cu kh thi ca chnh d n (bn tho); 2. Quy hoch thit k xy dng ca chnh d n; 3. Thuyt minh thit k ca chnh d n; 4. Bo co a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn ca chnh d n; 5. Cc bn v ca chnh d n nh: S qui hoch tng mt bng; S qui hoch h thng giao thng; S qui hoch h thng cp in; S qui hoch h thng cp nc; S qui hoch h thng thot nc ma; S qui hoch h thng thu gom v x l nc thi; S qui hoch h thng bi trung chuyn cht thi rn; 6. Bo co hin trng mi trng ca tnh / thnh ni d n trin khai thc hin; 7. Bo co hin trng kinh t - x hi ca x / phng v huyn / th / qun ni d n trin khai thc hin; 8. Bo co hin trng v qui hoch pht trin cng nghip trn a bn tnh / thnh ni d n trin khai thc hin; 9. Cc hng dn thc hin bo co TM ca Ngn hng Th gii v ca mt s nc trn th gii; 10. Cc h s pht thi ca Ngn hng Th gii, T chc Y t Th gii cng nh cc t chc, Quc gia khc; 11. Cc m hnh nh gi v d bo nhim; 12. Cc ti liu lin quan khc; 2.3. Phng php thc hin TM 1. Phng php thng k: nhm thu thp v x l s liu kh tng thy vn, kinh t - x hi cng nh cc s liu khc ti khu vc thc hin d n;7


2. Phng php k tha: k tha cc kt qu nghin cu TM ca cc d n pht trin khu cng nghip c; 3. Phng php phn tch: kho st, quan trc, ly mu ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim theo cc Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN) v quc t (nu cn thit) v mi trng nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh, nc, t, sinh thi ti khu vc; 4. Phng php iu tra x hi hc (tham vn cng ng): s dng trong qu trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n; 5. Phng php nh gi nhanh: xc nh v nh gi ti lng nhim t cc hot ng ca d n cng nh nh gi cc tc ng ca ca chng n mi trng; 6. Phng php so snh: so snh cc kt qu o c, phn tch, tnh ton d bo nng cc cht nhim do hot ng ca d n vi cc TCVN v mi trng v Tiu chun ngnh (TCN) ca B Y t v B Xy dng; 7. Phng php lp bng lit k v ma trn: lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng ca d n v cc tc ng n cc thnh phn mi trng nh gi tng hp nh hng ca cc tc ng do cc hot ng ca d n n mi trng; 8. Phng php m hnh ha: d bo quy m v phm vi cc tc ng n mi trng; 9. Phng php phn tch tng hp: t cc kt qu nghin cu TM lp bo co TM vi b cc v ni dung theo quy nh. 3. Quy trnh TM Theo quy nh ca iu 20, Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, TM cn phi c thc hin song song vi d n u t / bo co nghin cu kh thi v bo co TM phi c lp ng thi vi bo co nghin cu kh thi ca d n. Nu bo co TM cha c thm nh, d n s cha c thc hin. Mi cn nhc v mi trng u c thc hin ngay t giai on u tin lp quy hoch d n (thng qua ni dung gii trnh cc vn mi trng trong bo co gii trnh kinh t k thut) n pht trin v thc hin d n (thng qua bo co TM) v tip tc sut trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n.

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Quy trnh TM bao gm cc bc: La chn a im: xc nh s ph hp vi yu cu ca d n v yu cu bo v mi trng khu vc; Xc nh nhm cng ng lin quan / quan tm n qu trnh TM d n: ch d n, nh u t (ngi/t chc ti tr hoc cho vay tin), B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, chnh quyn a phng, cng ng dn c; Xc nh phm vi: xc nh cc vn mi trng lin quan v phm vi nghin cu TM; Lp bo co TM trnh np B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc UBND tnh / thnh (S Ti nguyn v Mi trng a phng); Thm nh v ph duyt bo co TM; Cc hot ng tun th vi quyt nh ph duyt TM trong qu trnh thc hin d n.

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4. Ni dung ca bo co TM Yu cu: Ni dung c bn ca bo co TM l xc nh, m t, d bo v nh gi nhng tc ng tim tng trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v di hn, tch cc v tiu cc do vic thc hin d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip c th gy ra cho mi trng. Trn c s nhng d bo v nh gi ny, bo co TM s xut nhng bin php gim thiu (bao gm cc bin php qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tc ng tch cc v gim nh ti mc c th nhng tc ng tiu cc. p ng yu cu ny v thc hin cc quy nh ca Thng t 05/2008/TTBTNMT, mt bo co TM ca d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip cn bao gm nhng ni dung sau: 1. M u 2. Chng 1. M t tm tt d n 3. Chng 2. iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi 4. Chng 3. nh gi cc tc ng mi trng 5. Chng 4. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng 6. Chng 5. Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng 7. Chng 6. Tham vn kin cng ng,9


8. Kin ngh v kt lun 5. i tng s dng bn hng dn lp bo co TM cc d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip L cc i tng trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh TM hoc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n, bao gm: Ch d n; Nhm chuyn gia t vn thc hin TM (gip ch d n tin hnh TM v lp bo co TM ph hp vi quy nh php lut Vit Nam hin hnh v p ng cc yu cu ca t chc ti tr cho d n); C quan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng cp Trung ng/a phng ni thc hin d n; T chc ti tr d n; Cc thnh vin Hi ng thm nh bo co TM; Cc i tng khc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n.

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Chng 1. M T TM TT D N Yu cu: Ni dung m t d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip phi trnh by mt cch r rng, d hiu v cn c minh ho bng nhng s liu, bng biu, bn , s km theo Da trn cc s liu v thng tin ca bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t (bn tho), ni dung m t tm tt d n bao gm: 1.1. Tn d n Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa Ghi r din tch Tn ch d n: tn c ng k ti Vit Nam, vit bng ch in hoa a ch lin h: vn phng ti Vit Nam in thoi: s in thoi ti Vit Nam Fax: s fax ti Vit Nam i din: tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n Quc tch: ghi r quc tch ngi i din Chc v: ghi r chc v ngi i din

1.2. Ch d n

1.3. V tr a l d n M t r rng v tr a l (gm c to , ranh gii) km theo bn a im thc hin d n trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng sng sui, khu bo tn thin nhin), h tng k thut (h thng giao thng, cp nc, cp in, lin lc) v kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut-kinh doanh-dch v, cc cng trnh vn ha tn gio, cc di tch lch s), c th mt s ni dung sau: V tr d n: phi nu r cc vn sau: a danh ni thc hin d n: x / phng, huyn / th / qun, tnh / thnh Cc mc ranh gii: ghi r ta theo h VN-2000 Cc hnh nh, s , bn th hin v tr d n trn a bn tnh; v cc i tng xung quanh d n, c th: cc KCN, cc cm CN, nh my, cc khu dn c trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ha c gi tr trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, mng li giao thng, mng li sng sui Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh: c tnh khong cch t v tr d n n cc i tng khc, c th: Cc UBND phng/x, qun/huyn, tnh ni thc hin d n;

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Cc KCN trn a bn tnh v/hoc a phng khc nhng gn khu vc d n (khong 5 -10 km); Cc khu dn c xung quanh d n; Cc cng trnh, h tng c s phc v trin khai thc hin d n: ngun in, nc, x l cht thi... Cc i tng nhy cm: cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng, khu sinh thi nhy cm, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ha . Cc i tng khc nh: sn bay, cu cng V tr tip gip ca d n: nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st). Phi nu r v tr tip gip theo cc hng ng, Ty, Nam, Bc ca d n. Hin trng khu t d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st): Thng k hin trng s dng t: mc ch s dng t, din tch, t l Thng k s lng nh trong khu vc d n: loi nh, s lng Thng k s h dn trong khu vc d n: s h dn (~ s nhn khu) ang sinh sng, s h dn (~ s nhn khu) c t canh tc. Ngun ti nguyn, khong sn c gi tr trong lng t Cc loi ng thc vt qu him c tr Cc di tch, lch s, cng trnh vn ha Bn hin trng khu t d n Nhn xt s b v v tr d n: V tr d n ph hp hay khng ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin chung ca tnh/khu vc. Nu nhng kh khn v thun li khi thc hin d n ti v tr quy hoch, c th v cc vn n b, gii phng mt bng, tiu thot nc ma v nc thi, thu gom v x l cht thi 1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n 1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n Mc ch Phm vi hot ng ca d n Cc ngnh ngh c php thu ht u t: trnh by theo nhm ngnh Vi nhng nhm ngnh c cc cng on gy nhiu nhim th phi ghi r c bao gm cc cng on hay khng. V d nh ch bin cao su (phi ghi r c hoc khng ch bin m cao su), dt nhum (phi ghi r ch nhum cc sn phm do chnh doanh nghip dt hay s nhum gia cng cho12

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cc doanh nghip khc hoc khng c nhum ni chung), sn xut giy (phi ghi r c hoc khng sn xut bt giy t nguyn liu th nh g, tre ..) 1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n: mt s li ch kinh t x hi ca d n c th nu di y: KCN c xy dng tp trung bao gm cc nh my, x nghip cho php tit kim c vn u t c s h tng, cng tc qun l mi trng c tt hn, hp tc ha gia cc doanh nghip, khc phc c tnh trng u t phn tn. Gp phn to ra nhiu cng n vic lm thng qua cc nh my thnh vin trong KCN tuyn dng, trong phn ln l lao ng a phng. Thu ht vn u t trong nc v quc t do cc doanh nghip u t xy dng nh my trong KCN. To kim ngch xut khu v gp phn gia tng ng k GDP ca a phng. Gp phn thc y pht trin cng nghip trn a bn tnh/thnh. To ng lc thc y sn xut, thng mi, dch v v giao thng kinh t ca tnh/thnh.

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1.4.3. Mt bng tng th ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n a. S dng t Lp bng quy hoch s dng t bao gm: cc hng mc (t nh my/x nghip, t giao thng, t mt nc/cy xanh, t cng trnh u mi k thut, t kho tng, bn bi, t khu iu hnh/dch v, nh cho cng nhn phc v cho KCN), din tch tng hng mc, t l tng hng mc. Hng mc Din tch (ha) T l (%)

V d: TT 1 2

Cng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, ch thch tng hng mc trn bn v (bao gm c cc cng trnh u mi k thut nh: trm cp in, trm cp nc, trm x l nc thi tp trung, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn), hoa gi, thc t l, Nhn xt v qui hoch s dng t ca d n M t c cu khng gian KCN theo tng hng mc nh trn bng s dng t.13

-

b. Cc khu chc nng


-

Mi hng mc phi th hin r: v tr d kin xy dng, din tch, quy cch xy dng

1.4.4. H tng k thut ca d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n a. Cng tc san nn V d: TT 1 2 c. H thng cp in V d: TT 1 2 Tng cng Loi t Tiu Din chun cp Tmax tch in (h/nm) (ha) (kWh/ha) Cng sut in (kW) in nng (triu kWh/nm) Tng nhu cu s dng in Ngun cp in (k c h thng pht in d phng) Tng hp mng li phn phi in: hng mc, n v, khi lng Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du) Cao nn t thit k theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du) Loi vt liu san nn, khi lng, phng php vn chuyn, san nn. Giao thng bn ngoi KCN: lit k cc tuyn ng ni KCN vi bn ngoi (bao gm ng b, ng thy, ng st) Giao thng bn trong KCN: tn ng, chiu di, l gii, chiu rng (mt ng, va h, di phn cch) C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li giao thng (i ni, i ngoi), tn ng, hoa gi, thc t l, Tn ng L gii (m) Chiu rng (m) Mt ng Va h

b. H thng giao thng

14


TT

Loi t

Tiu Din chun cp Tmax tch in (h/nm) (ha) (kWh/ha)

Cng sut in (kW)

in nng (triu kWh/nm)

Tng in nng yu cu c tnh n % tn hao Tng cng sut in yu cu c tnh n % tn hao d. H thng cp nc V d: TT 1 2 Tng cng e. H thng thot nc ma V d: TT 1 2 Tng cng f. H thng thu gom nc thi Quy cch xy dng15

Tng nhu cu s dng nc Ngun cp nc (k c khai thc nc ngm nu c) Tng hp mng li cp nc: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li cp nc, hoa gi, thc t l, Hng mc n v Khi lng

Quy cch xy dng Hng tuyn thot nc ma Ngun tip nhn nc ma Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc ma: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc ma, hoa gi, thc t l, Hng mc n v Khi lng


V d: TT 1 2

Hng tuyn thot nc thi Ngun tip nhn nc thi Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc thi: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc thi, hoa gi, thc t l, Hng mc n v Khi lng

Tng cng g. Trm x l nc thi tp trung Lu lng nc thi Tiu chun nc thi u vo, tiu chun nc thi u ra Ngun tip nhn nc thi Phn k u t Chc nng Lm r cc vn sau: o C thc hin phn loi cht thi rn o C khu vc lu tr cht thi nguy hi Din tch Phn k u t

h. Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn

1.4.5. Chi ph u t d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n V d: TT Tng chi ph u t d n Lit k chi ph tng hng mc u t Hng mc Chi ph

1 Chun b d n, n b v ti nh c 2 H thng giao thng 3 H thng cp in 4 H thng thng tin lin lc16


TT 5 H thng cp nc

Hng mc

Chi ph

6 H thng thot nc ma 7 H thng thu gom nc thi 8 Trm x l nc thi tp trung 9 Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn 10 Cy xanh 11 D phng ph Cng 1.4.6. T chc qun l d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Th hin s t chc qun l d n Nhn lc thc hin Lm r b phn chuyn trch v mi trng cho c giai on xy dng v giai on khai thc / vn hnh

1.4.7. Tin thc hin d n Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n V d: TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nu c th lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t giai on chun b n giai on hon thnh a KCN vo s dng. Hng mc 2009 % % % % % % 2010 % % % % % %17

2011 % % % % % %

2012 % % % % % %

2013

2014

2015

2016

n b, gii phng mt bng San nn H thng giao thng H thng cp nc H thng cp in H thng thot nc

% % % % %

% % % % %

% % % % %

% % % % %


TT ma 7 8 9 10 11

Hng mc

2009 %

2010 % % %

2011 %

2012 % % %

2013 %

2014 %

2015 %

2016 % % %

H thng thu gom nc thi Trm x l nc thi tp trung Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn Trng cy xanh Khai thc v vn hnh

%

%

%

%

%

%

18


Chng 2. IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI Yu cu: Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin d n v s chu tc ng ca qu trnh thc hin d n. S liu v thng tin v mi trng nn c kho st, thu thp v phn tch nhm nh gi hin trng mi trng ca khu vc, do vy phi th hin mt cch nh lng cao nht. 2.1. Nguyn tc chung Thu thp, kho st v xy dng b s liu nn c vai tr quan trng trong TM. Mi d bo v nh gi cc tc ng ca d n s da trn cc mi quan h nguyn nhn - h qu, hin trng v nhng thay i v cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc, sinh hc v nhn vn ca mi trng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n. S liu mi trng nn l cc s liu v thng tin phn nh hin trng mi trng vt l, ho hc, sinh hc v nhn vn tr khu vc xung quanh a im thc hin d n. S liu mi trng nn c thu thp da trn vic nghin cu, iu tra kho st hin trng, bao gm thu thp s liu nghin cu c; phng vn cc bn lin quan; kho st hin trng a dng sinh hc, kinh t - vn ho - x hi; thu thp mu mi trng v phn tch, nh gi trong phng th nghim. Nhng vn quan trng cn c bit lu khi xy dng d liu nn cho d n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm: Mi trng t nhin lin quan n a im thc hin d n; Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v s dng nc, c bit v phng din tng thch vi ly t cho d n v lm hnh lang an ton; phng din tng thch v cung cp nc v vn chuyn ng thu; Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi; Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng.

-

Ngoi ra, vic xy dng d liu nn cn phi tng thch vi cc ni dung ca bo co TM theo quy nh ca Thng t 05/2006/TT-BTNMT, c th: 2.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng iu kin v a l, a cht iu kin v kh tng thu vn Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin iu kin v kinh t iu kin v x hi

2.2. iu kin kinh t x hi

2.2. Cc vn trng tm lp bo co TM cho d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip, cc vn trng tm cn ch n khi thu thp s liu mi trng nn l: 1. Mi trng t nhin

19


-

M t cc thnh phn mi trng: khng kh, nc, t, trm tch, h sinh thi cn, cc h sinh thi thu; Kho st v nh lng cc thng s phn nh cht lng nc mt, nc ngm, khng kh v n, c bit l cht lng mi trng ti khu vc chu nh hng trc tip ca d n (vng pht tn kh thi, ni tip nhn nc thi,.). y l nhng thng s s c quan trc trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca d n; Kho st v nh gi tnh cht v cht lng h sinh thi cn, h ng vt v thc vt, h sinh thi nc ngt v bin. Hin trng s dng t v nc; Quy hoch s dng t v nc ca a phng. Cu trc dn s, vic lm, trnh vn ha; Hin trng pht trin kinh t; Hin trng c s h tng v dch v; Kt qu tham vn cng ng; Kt qu iu tra x hi hc. Kho st v phn tch s liu mi trng nn phc v chy m hnh d bo ri ro Thu thp cc s liu v thng tin v cc s c xy ra ti cc khu cng nghip tng t

-

2. Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v nc -

3. Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi

4. Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng

2.3. Kho st v nh gi mi trng nn 2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn Cc thng s mi trng nn l cc s liu, thng tin v cc thnh phn mi trng ho l, sinh thi, kinh t, vn ho, x hi. Cc lu khi thu thp thng s mi trng nn: Kho st, thu thp, o c, iu tra cc s liu v mi trng v ti nguyn thin nhin khu vc c lin quan hoc chu nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip n d n; Phng php ly mu v phn tch tun th TCVN v mi trng hin hnh; Cc my mc, thit b o lng ngoi thc a v trong phong th nghim cn c chun ha; C th k tha cc s liu quan trc nh k ca trm quan trc a phng, vng, quc gia nu d n nm a im tng thch.

-

20


Bng 2.1. Cc thng s mi trng nn cn thu thp v phn tch thc hin TM d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip TT Vn Thng s Ngun s liu 1 1.1 V tr a l 1.2 c im a hnh, a cht cng trnh 1.3 c im kh hu, kh tng 1.4 c im ch thu vn iu kin t nhin a danh v v tr a l ca khu vc thc hin d n V tr hnh chnh v h thng giao thng c im a hnh: ni, i, ng bng c im cu to t, st ln, trt l, xi mn Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht c hc ca cc lp t Kh nng chu ti ca khu vc d n Nhit , lng ma, m, ch gi Tn sut bo v cc hin tng thi tit bt thng S liu c thng k t nht trong vng 5-10 nm gn nht nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn do thi tit kh hu tc ng n d n c im sng, h: dng chy, lu lng, dung tch c im thu triu, hi vn c im ngp lt, hn hn nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn do mng li thy vn tc ng n d n c im kinh t x hi Cu trc dn s Vn dn tc thiu s Tnh trng vic lm v phng thc kim sng Cc khu dn c ln cn Hin trng cc ngnh kinh t Quy hoch pht trin kinh t ca S liu thng k Kho st, phng vn Ti liu d n Atlat quc gia Bn nn ca cc a phng Ti liu d n K tha s liu c

Trm kh tng gn nht Quan trc ti hin trng

Trm thu vn gn nht Quan trc ti hin trng

2 2.1 Dn c lao ng 2.2 Pht trin kinh t -

S liu thng k Kho st, phng

21


TT

Vn -

Thng s vng, tnh Cc KCN trn a bn tnh Gio dc, y t v sc kho cng ng Tht nghip v t nn x hi -

Ngun s liu vn S liu thng k Kho st, phng vn S liu thng k Kho st, phng vn S liu thng k Kho st, phng vn Kt qu iu tra c bn Kho st iu tra b sung

2.3 Hin trng x hi 2.4 Vn ho, lch s 3 3.1 Ti nguyn t 3.2 Ti nguyn nc mt 3.3 Ti nguyn nc ngm 3.4 Ti nguyn ven bin -

Cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s, du lch c gi tr Phong tc tp qun ca a phng Ti nguyn thin nhin Tng din tch t t nhin v cht lng Hin trng v quy hoach s dng t c im h thng thu vn trong khu vc Hin trng v quy hoch s dng nc mt nh gi gi tr ngun nc mt ti khu vc d n c im tng tr nc, tr lng nc ngm Hin trng v quy hoch khai thc s dng nh gi gi tr ca ngun ti nguyn nc ngm ti khu vc Kh nng b nhim do chnh hot ng ti khu vc d n Rng ngp mn, m ph nh bt v nui trng thu sn -

Kt qu iu tra c bn Kho st iu tra b sung

Kt qu iu tra c bn Kho st iu tra b sung Kt qu iu tra c bn Kho st iu tra b sung Kho st hin trng v phn tch trong phng th

3.5 Ti nguyn ng thc vt -

Thm thc vt, h ng vt, h thu sinh (nc ngt, ven bin) Rng quc gia v khu bo tn thin nhin -

22


TT 4

Vn

Thng s H tng c s v dch v c im ca h thng giao thng Tai nn, s c giao thng Kh nng p ng yu cu vn chuyn cho d n c im h thng cung cp in, nc, lin lc c im h thng thot nc Kh nng p ng nhu cu ca d n Hin trng v kh nng cung cp dch v, thng mi

Ngun s liu nghim Thng k ca c quan chc nng v qun l hnh chnh a phng Thng k ca c quan chc nng v qun l hnh chnh a phng Thng k ca c quan chc nng v qun l hnh chnh a phng Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch phng nghim Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch phng nghim Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong

4.1 Giao thng

4.2 in, nc, lin lc 4.3 Dch v, thng mi

5

Hin trng cht lng mi trng t nhin CO, SO2, NO2, bi (TSP) -

5.1 Cht lng khng kh

-

5.2 Cht lng nc mt

-

pH, DO, SS, Tng P, Tng N, BOD, COD, Du m, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, ) (Cc thng s c th thay i ty thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c th trin khai ti KCN) pH, mn, DO, SS, tng P, tng N, BOD, du m, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, ) (Cc thng s c th thay i ty thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c23

5.3 Cht lng nc ven b

-


TT

Vn

Thng s th trin khai ti KCN) pH, cng, TS, NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, Cl-, du m, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, ) (Cc thng s c th thay i ty thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c th trin khai ti KCN) pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, m, tng N, tng P, hm lng hu c, TBVTV, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, ) (Cc thng s c th thay i ty thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c th trin khai ti KCN) pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, tng N, tng P, TBVTV, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, ) (Cc thng s c th thay i ty thuc vo c trng ngnh ngh c th trin khai ti KCN)

Ngun s liu phng th nghim Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch phng nghim Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch phng nghim Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch phng nghim Cc s quan trc khu vc Kho st trng v tch phng nghim liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th liu trong hin phn trong th

5.4 Cht lng nc ngm

-

5.5 Cht lng t -

-

5.6 Cht lng bn y -

5.7 Ting n

-

L50, Leq, Lmax

-

-

2.3.2. X l s liu mi trng nn S liu mi trng nn sau khi thu thp v phn tch cn c x l v th hin trong bo co TM mt cch r rng, n gin vi mc cng nh lng cng tt. Cc s liu cn c th hin mt cch nh lng v c th lp thnh bng theo mu di y: a. S dng t24


TT

Bng 2.2. Hin trng s dng t (hoc quy hoch s dng t n nm) Mc ch s dng Din tch cc loi t Cc vn mi trng lin Tng I II III quan t nng nghip t nui trng thu sn t lm nghip Rng ngp mn t t cng nghip . Tng cng

1 2 3 4 5 6 n

b. S dng nc Bng 2.3. Hin trng s dng nc (hoc quy hoch s dng nc n nm)

TT 1 2 3 4 5

Mc ch s dng Ti tiu Nui trng thu sn Cng nghip Sinh hot (nc cp) Khc

Nhu cu Nc mt Nc ngm

Cc vn mi trng lin quan

c. Cht lng khng kh v ting n V tr cc im o c v ly mu khng kh: m t r im quan trc nm trong hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch n v tr d n v nm v pha no ca d n. Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng. iu kin ly mu: m t thi tit kh hu, mt giao thng ti thi im ly mu.

25


Bng 2.4. V tr cc im o c/ly mu khng kh v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu M t v tr Ta ly mu Nhit khng kh m khng kh Vn tc gi Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng giao thng) M t v tr Ta ly mu Nhit khng kh m khng kh Vn tc gi Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng giao thng) M t v tr Ta ly mu Nhit khng kh m khng kh Vn tc gi Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng giao thng)

2

Mu 2

n

Mu n

Bng 2.5. Hin trng n ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 n K1 K2 Kn TCVN 5949-1998 Mu Lmax L50 (dBA) LEQA

26


Bng 2.6. Hin trng cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 n Mu Bi K1 K2 Kn TCVN 5937-2005 Hm lng (mg/m3) CO NO2 SO2

d. Cht lng nc mt V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc mt: m t r im quan trc nm trn sng sui no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n. Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng. iu kin ly mu: m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.7. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc

2

Mu 2

n

Mu n

27


Bng 2.8. Hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH DO (mg/l) SS (mg/l) Tng P (mg/l) Tng N (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) Du m (mg/l) Coliform (mg/l) Kim loi nng (mg/l) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

e. Cht lng nc bin ven b V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc bin ven b: m t r im quan trc nm trn b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n. Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng. iu kin ly mu: m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. Bng 2.9. V tr cc im ly mu nc bin ven b v iu kin ly mu TT Mu M t v tr v iu kin ly mu 1 Mu 1 - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc

2

Mu 2

28


TT n

Mu Mu n

M t v tr v iu kin ly mu - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c. - Nhit mt nc

Bng 2.10. Hin trng cht lng nc bin ven b ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH mn () DO (mg/l) SS (mg/l) Tng P (mg/l) Tng N (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) Du m (mg/l) Coliform (mg/l) Kim loi nng (mg/l) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

f. Cht lng nc ngm Ly mu t cc ging khoan/o sn c trong vng d n v khu vc xung quanh V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc ngm: m t r im quan trc l ging khoan hay ging o, su ca ging, tn ch h, a ch Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng. iu kin ly mu: m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu.

29


Bng 2.11. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc ngm v iu kin ly mu TT 1 Mu Mu 1 M t v tr v iu kin ly mu Tn ch h, a ch Ta ly mu Loi ging (khoan, o) su Tn ch h, a ch Ta ly mu Loi ging (khoan, o) su Tn ch h, a ch Ta ly mu Loi ging (khoan, o) su

2

Mu 2

3

Mu n

Bng 2.12. Hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH cng (mg/l) TS (mg/l) NH4+ (mg/l) NO3- (mg/l) PO43- (mg/l) Cl- (mg/l) Du m (mg/l) Coliform (mg/l) Kim loi nng (mg/l) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

g. Cht lng t V tr cc im o c v ly mu t: m t r im quan trc l loi t g, su tng t, nm trong hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch n v tr d n v nm v pha no ca d n. su tng t Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng.30


iu kin ly mu: m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu. TT 1 Bng 2.13. V tr cc im o c/ly mu t v iu kin ly mu Mu M t v tr v iu kin ly mu Mu 1 - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Phu din - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Phu din - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Phu din

2

Mu 2

n

Mu n

Bng 2.14. Hin trng cht lng t ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pH T trng (g/cm3) m (%) Hm lng hu c (%) Tng P (mg/kg) Tng N (mg/kg) TBVTV (g/kg) Kim loi nng (mg/kg) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

h. Cht lng bn y V tr cc im o c v ly mu bn y: m t r im quan trc nm trn sng sui hay b bin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n Thi gian ly mu, phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r thi gian ly mu v phng php o c/phn tch cho tng ch tiu mi trng. iu kin ly mu: m t iu kin kh hu ti thi im ly mu.

31


Bng 2.15. V tr cc im o c/ly mu bn y v iu kin ly mu TT Mu M t v tr v iu kin ly mu 1 Mu 1 - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi - M t v tr - Ta ly mu - Khong cch so vi v tr x thi

2

Mu 2

n

Mu n

Bng 2.16. Hin trng cht lng bn y ti khu vc d n TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 pH T trng (g/cm3) Tng P (mg/kg) Tng N (mg/kg) TBVTV (g/kg) Kim loi nng (mg/kg) Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nn Da vo cc s liu o c, iu tra v cc thnh phn mi trng nu trn, tin hnh nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng ni thc hin d n trn c s so snh vi TCVN v mi trng v cc tiu chun khc lin quan ca cc c quan c thm quyn ca Nh nc. Vic nh gi cn tp trung vo cc vn trng tm nu ti mc 2.2, l cc vn c th nh hng n vic thc hin d n cng nh c th chu tc ng do nhng hot ng ca d n. V s dng t v s dng nc cn c nh gi v tim nng p ng v qu t v tr lng nc ca a phng i vi nhu cu pht trin ni chung v nhu cu ca d n ni ring. c bit cn cung cp y thng tin v hin trng s dng t ti khu vc dnh cho d n. i vi c im kinh t x hi, cn nhn mnh nhng thun li v kh khn c th xy ra khi trin khai d n a phng.

32


Cc vn lin quan n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip, o to cho lao ng ti a phng c bit l cc i tng chu nh hng trc tip ca d n nh b mt t canh tc v.v.. V c s h tng k thut, nh gi c th thun li v kh khn v h thng giao thng, cp in, cp thot nc, thng tin lin lc. V ti nguyn ng thc vt, lu n tnh a dng sinh hc v cc khu vc nhy cm v sinh thi.

33


Chng 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG Yu cu: nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca d n Xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip cn ch ra mt cch nh lng, ton din nhng tc ng tim tng, bao gm nhng tc ng trc tip v gin tip, trc mt v lu di, nhng tc ng tim n v tch lu, nhng tc ng c th hoc khng th khc phc c tim nng ln gy suy thoi, nhim mi trng khu vc. 3.1. Nguyn tc chung nh gi cc tc ng mi trng da trn vic x l mt cch y , nghim tc v cn trng cc s liu thu thp c t d n v t s liu mi trng nn. Qu trnh TM thng c thc hin bng mt s phng php nh: lit k, ma trn, s mng li, m hnh ha v chng ghp bn . Danh mc cc tc ng tim tng t mi hot ng ca d n c xy dng da trn vic thng k cc s liu kho st v mi trng t nhin v mi trng x hi. Cn lu nh gi c cc tc tch cc ln tc ng tiu cc, theo quy m, phm vi v thi gian tc ng. 3.2. Xc nh i tng chu tc ng Nhim v TM l xc nh quy m v phm vi tc ng ca cc ngun thi t cc hot ng ca d n n mi trng khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, nc ngm, h sinh thi v cng ng a phng cng nh cc cng trnh c gi tr lch s, vn ho khc. xc nh i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng ca tng d n n c th, trc tin cn xy dng tiu ch xc nh i tng v nh gi quy m, nh trnh by c th di y. Mi trng vt l + Khng kh + Nc mt + Nc ngm + t Mi trng sinh hc + H thc vt trn cn + H ng vt trn cn + H thy sinh Mi trng kinh t - x hi 3.3. Xc nh ngun gy tc ng Khi xc lp c cc i tng c th chu nh hng xu do hot ng ca d n, trong phn ny lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi; khng lin quan n cht thi cng nh nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra.

34


3.3.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun c kh nng pht sinh cc loi cht thi dng kh, lng, rn cng nh cc loi cht thi khc trong qu trnh trin khai d n. Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm: Giai on thi cng xy dng + Sinh khi thc vt pht quang v bn bc tch b mt + Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn + Bi v kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn + Bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng + Nc thi sinh hot + Cht thi rn sinh hot + Cht thi xy dng + Du m thi Giai on khai thc v vn hnh + Bi v kh thi t hot ng ca cc nh my thnh vin + Bi v kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn + Mi hi t cc trm x l cht thi (XLNT tp trung, trung chuyn cht thi rn v) + Sol kh pht tn t cc trm x l cht thi nh XLNT tp trung chng hn + Mi hi t h thng thu gom nc thi + Nc thi sinh hot v sn xut + Cht thi rn sinh hot v sn xut + Bn d t cc trm XLNT tp trung + Cht thi nguy hi 3.3.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong qu trnh trin khai d n. Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm:35


Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng + Tranh chp gia ngi dn c quyn li lin quan n d n vi ch u t + nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d n + Gia tng kh nng tht nghip i vi ngi dn khng c kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc tm kim cng vic mi Giai on thi cng xy dng + Bom mn tn lu trong lng t + Ting n ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng + Tnh trng ngp ng + Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn + Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng + Tai nn lao ng Giai on khai thc v vn hnh + Ting n v rung t hot ng ca cc nh my + Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn + Tnh trng ngp ng 3.3.3. Nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra Lit k chi tit tt c cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra. Vic lit k cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra c phn chia theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n. Cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra i vi d n xy dng kt cu h tng khu cng nghip gm: Giai on thi cng xy dng + S c chy n Giai on khai thc v vn hnh + S c r r ha cht dng cho cc trm x l cht thi nh XLNT tp trung, x l cht thi nguy hi v.v.. + S c hiu sut x l ca cc trm x l cht thi khng t tiu chun thit k + S c chy n

36


3.4. nh gi tc ng Vic nh gi tc ng phi c c th ho cho tng ngun gy tc ng v tng i tng b tc ng. Mi tc ng u phi c nh gi mt cch c th v mc , c th v quy m khng gian v thi gian. Vic nh gi tc ng i vi mt d n c th phi c chi tit ho v c th ho cho d n ; khng nh gi mt cch l thuyt chung chung theo kiu vit gio trnh, quy ch, quy nh, hng dn. 3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v d n a. V tr d n nh gi tnh hp l ca v tr qui hoch d n, cc tiu ch sau c xem xt bao gm: Qui hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh; Kh nng n b v ti nh c cc h dn trong khu vc d n; Cc ngun ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t; Cc di tch lch s vn ha trong khu vc d n; Cc loi ng thc vt qu him trong khu vc d n; Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc; Kh nng cp nc ca khu vc; Kh nng cp in ca khu vc; H tng x l cht thi ca khu vc; b. Phn khu chc nng Phn khu chc nng cc loi hnh cng nghip nhm to iu kin thun li cho cng tc QLMT v hn ch cc tc ng mi trng qua li gia cc nh my thnh vin trong KCN cng nh i vi khu vc xung quanh KCN. gim thiu cc tc ng ca cc nh my thnh vin trong KCN, tin hnh phn khu chc nng cc loi hnh cng nghip cn c vo: Mc nhim mi hi v kh thi ca tng loi hnh cng nghip Hng gi v tn sut gi trong nm Tc ng n cc khu dn c qui hoch xung quanh Tc ng qua li gia cc nh my thnh vin Kh nng thu ht u t ca tng loi ngnh ngh c. Qui hoch h tng k thut H thng giao thng H thng cp nc

37


H thng cp in H thng thot nc ma H thng thu gom v x l nc thi Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn d. Khong cch ly vi cc khu dn c xung quanh 3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng Trong phn ny nh gi v d bo cc tc ng trong qu trnh thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng cho d n. Cc tc ng khi: + Xy dng k hoch n b v gii phng mt bng + Trin khai thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng Cc vn cn lm r: + nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d n + nh hng n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc vic lm cho ngi dn c quyn li lin quan 3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng c s a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang Hin trng sinh khi thc vt trong khu vc d n Thnh phn sinh khi pht quang Khi lng sinh khi thc vt c th pht quang Khi lng sinh khi thc vt cn li khng th pht quang Tc ng trong hp khng pht quang sinh khi thc vt Tc ng trong hp pht quang sinh khi thc vt nhng khng trit Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm b. Bn bc tch b mt Hin trng lp bn b mt trong khu vc d n Khi lng lp bn b mt c th pht quang Khi lng lp bn b mt cn li khng th pht quang Tc ng trong hp khng pht quang lp bn b mt Tc ng trong hp pht quang lp bn b mt nhng khng trit Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm

38


c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn Ti lng bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn d. Bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng Ti lng bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn e. Kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn Thnh phn kh thi Ti lng kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn f. Nc thi sinh hot c trng nc thi Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D n lu lng v ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh g. Cht thi rn sinh hot Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh h. Cht thi xy dng Thnh phn cht thi xy dng Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

39


i. Du m thi Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh j. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng Cc ngun pht sinh ting n Mc n ti ngun ca cc ngun pht sinh D bo tc ng ca ting n n khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn k. Chia ct dng chy v ngp ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy v ngp ng Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh D bo mc ngp ng l. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra cn tr giao thng D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn theo tng nm xy dng d n Nhu cu giao thng i li ca cc khu dn c ln cn D bo mc cn tr giao thng m. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra mu thun D bo mc mu thun trong tp trung vo cc vn sau: + S khc nhau v vn ha + Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn n. Tai nn lao ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng D bo mc thit hi o. Bom mn tn lu trong lng t Kh nng tn lu bom mn trong lng t D bo cc thit hi khi khng thc hin d ph bom mn hoc d ph khng trit

40


p. S c chy/n Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy D bo mc thit hi 3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh a. Bi v kh thi t hot ng ca cc nh my thnh vin Thnh phn kh thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Mc pht sinh kh thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t D bo ti lng (bn nh lng) kh thi pht sinh t KCN D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn Ty theo tng ngnh cng nghip c th s c cc loi kh thi cha bi v hi kh thi khc nhau. Tuy nhin, c th nhn din cc cht nhim khng kh sau: Cc cht nhim dng ht Bi: c kch thc t vi micromet n hng trm micromet Bi sng: cc cht lng ngng t c cha cc cht nhim c kch thc t 20 500 m Khi: t qu trnh t nhin liu c hm lng cn cao v qu trnh t xy ra khng hon ton Cc cht nhim dng kh Cc hp cht cha lu hunh: gm cc kh sulfua (SO2, SO3) v sulfua hydro (H2S), mercaptan, Cc hp cht nit (NO, NO2,): Cc hp cht hu c v dn xut ca hydrocarbon Cc ha cht, ph gia, cc nguyn vt liu tht thot, ri vi trong qu trnh sn xut ( dng kh, hi, lng) bay hi v khuch tn vo khng kh Cc nguyn vt liu, dung mi d bay hi iu kin bnh thng trong qu trnh lu tr tn kho Kh phn r t cc nguyn liu tht thot, cht thi cng nghip Vic xc nh thnh phn, tnh cht c trng kh thi ca tng ngnh cng nghip c th cn c trn quy m sn xut, quy trnh cng ngh c s dng. ng thi, chng cn ph thuc vo chng loi nguyn liu, trang thit b my mc v c k thut vn hnh ca cng nhn. b. Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn Thnh phn kh thi Ti lng kh thi (bn nh lng) t phng tin vn chuyn41


D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn c. Mi hi t cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung Thnh phn mi hi D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn Mi hi t cc trm XLNT tp trung pht sinh ch yu t cc n nguyn m ti c xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh. Qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cng pht sinh mi hi nhng mc rt thp. Cc sn phm dng kh chnh t qu trnh phn hy k kh gm H2S, Mercaptane, CO2, CH4 Trong , H2S v Mercaptane l cc cht gy mi hi chnh, cn CH4 l cht gy chy n nu b tch t mt nng nht nh. Bng 3.1. Cc hp cht gy mi cha lu hunh do phn hy k kh nc thi Ngng Cc hp cht Cng thc Mi c trng pht hin (ppm) Allyl mercaptan Amyl mercaptan Benzyl mercaptan Crotyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Ethyl mercaptan Hydrogen sulfide Methyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan Sulfur dioxide Tert-butyl Mercaptan Thiophenol CH2=CH-CH2-SH CH3-(CH2)3-CH2-SH C6H5CH2-SH CH3-CH=CH-CH2-SH CH3-S-CH3 CH3CH2-SH H2S CH3SH CH3-CH2-CH2-SH SO2 (CH3)3C-SH C6H5SH Mi ti, c ph mnh Kh chu, hi thi Kh chu, mnh Mi chn Thc vt thi ra Bp ci thi Trng thi Bp ci thi Kh chu Hng, gy d ng Mi chn, kh chu Thi, mi ti 0,00005 0,0003 0,00019 0,000029 0,0001 0,00019 0,00047 0,0011 0,000075 0,009 0,00008 0,000062

Ngun: 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Ermoupolis. Odor emission in a small wastewater treatment plant, 2001 d. Sol kh pht tn t cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung Thnh phn sol kh D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu dn c k cn

42


H thng x l nc thi c pht hin l ni sinh ra cc Sol kh sinh hc c th pht tn theo gi trong khng kh trong khong vi chc mt n vi trm mt. Trong Sol kh ngi ta thng bt gp cc vi khun, nm mc v chng c th l nhng mm gy bnh hay nguyn nhn gy nhng d ng qua ng h hp. e. Nc thi sinh hot c trng nc thi sinh hot Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh f. Nc thi sn xut c trng nc thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh i vi cc KCN cc vn thng gp trong thu gom x l nc thi bao gm: - H thng thu gom thng c thit k thi cng theo nguyn l t chy dn n tnh trng im thu gom cui c su ln v gy nh hng n cng trnh tip nhn nc thi - Lu lng x thi rt khng u do nhiu nh my thnh vin cha hon ton tun th thc hin tin x l nc thi. V d:Ket qua o lu lng vao buoi sangm3/hr 130 125 120 115 110 1050.41 0.45 0.49 0.53 0.58 0.62

m3 1,050 850 650 450 250 500.66

Gi

Q trung bnh ngay 16/2/04 Q tch luy ngay 16/2/04

Q trung bnh ngay 17/2/04 Q tch luy ngay 17/2/04

43


Ket qua o lu lng vao buoi chieum /hr 130 120 110 100 900.58 0.62 0.66 0.70 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.873

m 1,000 800 600 400 200 00.91

3

Gi

Q trung bnh ngay 5/3/04

Q tch luy ngay 5/3/04

-

Cht lng nc thi u vo bin thin rt ln do nhiu nh my thnh vin cha tun th tt trong vn hnh h thng tin x l nc thi.

250 200 BOD(Ma m a) 150 100 50 0 NT-01 NT-02 NT-03 NT-04 NT-05 NT-06 NT-07 BOD(Ma kh) 5945-2005(A) 5945-2005(B)

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 NT-01 NT-02 NT-03 NT-04 NT-05 NT-06 NT-07 COD(Ma ma) COD(Ma kh) 5945-2005(A) 5945-2005(B)

44


Bng 3.2. Kt qu theo di bin thin nc thi ngy 16/02/2004 ti KCN N Thi gian 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h Trung bnh pH 7,55 7,64 7,8 7,62 7,7 7,32 6,58 COD (mg/l) 405 535 680 380 180 120 170 350 SS(mg/l) 950 968 730 192 324 392 316 549 EC(microS/cm) 1.440 1.340 1.150 1.600 1.430 1.440 1.620 Mu(Pt-Co) 343 350 346 335 329 315 330

Bng 3.3. Kt qu theo di bin thin nc thi ngy 17/02/2004 ti KCN N Thi gian 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 16h30 Trung bnh pH 7,58 7,83 7,5 7,57 6,87 7,86 7,48 7,52 COD (mg/l) 410 540 450 330 240 360 175 200 355 SS(mg/l) 1.012 756 404 684 168 692 494 452 599 EC(microS/cm) 1.460 1.290 1.520 1.690 1.530 1.480 1.590 1.630 Mau(Pt-Co) 365 395 375 360 345 370 385 390

Vic xc lp/d kin nhu cu s dng nc ngay t ban u hin ch yu cn c lu lng/Ha Cc nh u t/ngnh ngh u t vo KCN thng kh d kin v khng theo cc d kin ban u trong khi lp d n u t xy dng v kinh doanh h tng c s KCN. Nhiu KCN cn rt cng nhc trong xc lp tiu chun x thi ca cc nh my thnh vin v cha thc s c quyn kim sot cht lng x thi t cc nh my thnh vin.

-

iu ny dn n cng tc xc lp u bi cho cng tc thit k, thi cng nh my x l nc thi tp trung gp nhiu kh khn trong: Xc nh lu lng x l45


-

Cht lng nc thi u vo. Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

g. Cht thi rn sinh hot

h. Cht thi rn sn xut Thnh phn cht thi rn ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Mc pht thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh i vi cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi vn thu gom x l hin cn rt bt cp do c s h tng tip nhn, x l cht thi ca khu vc ni KCN ng chn cha p ng c nhu cu x l c v khi lng cng nh cht lng. Cha c hoc c nhng khng cng sut bi chn lp hp v sinh cht thi khng nguy hi Cha c ni tip nhn x l cht thi nguy hi Cc hng dn k khai cht thi nguy hi cho ch ngun thi Kim tra/gim st cng tc k khai cht thi nguy hi cc bo co DTM/hoc tng ng ca cc nh my thnh vin Thnh phn bn d Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh j. Cht thi nguy hi Thnh phn cht thi nguy hi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Mc pht thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh k. Chia ct dng chy, ngp ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy, ngp ng Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh D bo mc ngp ng46

i. Bn d t trm XLNT tp trung


l. Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn D bo cc tc ng do tp trung s lng ln cng nhn D bo cc tc ng trong trng hp khng xy dng nh cho cng nhn m. Tai nn lao ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng D bo mc thit hi n. S c r r ha cht t cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung Cc loi ha cht s dng Khi lng ca cc ha cht s dng/lu tr ti khu vc c tnh ca cc ha cht Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c r r ha cht D bo mc r r v thit hi o. S c chy/n Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy D bo mc thit hi 3.4.5. nh gi tc ng tng hp Vic nh gi tc ng tng hp ca cc ngun gy tc ng trong cc giai on trin khai thc hin d n nhm xem xt mc tc ng tng hp. Tng hp cc tc ng v qui m tc ng theo tng giai on ca d n c th c xem xt cn c vo cc tiu ch xc nh quy m tc ng ca d n nh sau: Bng 3.4. Tiu ch nh gi quy m tc ng Thi gian tc ng tiu cc ko di Khng Ngn Trung bnh Di Vnh vin Khng Nh Trung bnh Ln khng tc ng ngn hn 1 nm t 1 n 10 nm hn 10 nm khng th hi phc khng tc ng phn b nh hng t hn 1% ton b phn b nh hng t 1 - 10% ton b phn b nh hng nhiu hn 10% ton b

Mc - hu qu tc ng n ton b thnh phn mi trng ang xem xt

Phm vi tc ng quy m v mt khng gian vng b nh hng, lin quan n cc47


tc ng tch lu v tc ng xuyn bin gii a phng Vng/quc gia Quc t Trc tip nh hng nm trong khu vc d n c nh hng lin vng, lin tnh c nh hng xuyn bin gii nh hng trc tip v xy ra ng thi vi hot ng ca d n

Loi tc ng phn loi tc ng Gin tip nh hng c lin quan n d n v xy ra chm hn so vi cc hot ng ca d n hoc phm vi bn ngoi khu vc chu nh hng trc tip Tch lu nh hng t t hp cc tc ng ca d n vi cc tc ng ca cc c s ang hot ng v cc d n ang quy hoch Kh nng xy ra xc sut xy ra tc ng Thp Trung bnh Cao < 25% 25 75% > 75%

Trn c s cc tiu ch c xc lp, quy m tc ng ca d n c nhn dng v trnh by trong bng sau. Bng 3.5. Quy m tc ng do hot ng ca d n TT i tng chu tc ng Tc nhn Quy m tc ng 1 Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng Mi trng kinh t x Tranh chp gia ngi dn Thi gian: c quyn li lin quan n Mc : hi d n vi ch u t Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: nh hng n thu nhp ca Thi gian: cc h dn c quyn li lin Mc : quan n d n Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

48


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Gia tng kh nng tht nghip i vi ngi dn khng c kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip hoc tm kim cng vic mi

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

2

Giai on xy dng c s h tng Khng kh Bi khuch tn t qu trnh Thi gian: san nn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bi khuch tn t qu trnh Thi gian: o p, thi cng xy dng Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bi v kh thi t phng Thi gian: tin vn chuyn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Ting n ca cc thit b, Thi gian: my mc, phng tin thi Mc : cng Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Nc mt Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

2.1 Mi trng vt l

49


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Cht thi rn sinh hot

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Cht thi xy dng

Du m thi

t v nc ngm

Sinh khi thc vt pht Thi gian: quang v bn bc tch b Mc : mt Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi xy dng

50


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Du m thi

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

2.2 Mi trng sinh hc H thc vt trn cn Pht quang mt bng

H ng vt trn cn

Pht quang mt bng

H thy sinh

Nc thi sinh hot

Cht thi rn sinh hot

Cht thi xy dng

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TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn Du m thi

Quy m tc ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

2.3 Kinh t x hi

Bom mn tn lu trong lng Thi gian: t Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Tnh trng ngp ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Cn tr giao thng v li i Thi gian: li ca ngi dn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Mu thun gia cng nhn Thi gian: xy dng v ngi dn a Mc : phng Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Tai nn lao ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

3

Giai on khai thc v vn hnh

3.1 Mi trng vt l

52


TT i tng chu tc ng Khng kh

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

Bi v kh thi t hot ng Thi gian: ca cc nh my Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bi v kh thi ca cc Thi gian: phng tin vn chuyn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Mi hi t cc trm XLNT Thi gian: tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Sol kh pht tn t cc trm Thi gian: XLNT tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Mi hi t h thng thu gom Thi gian: nc thi Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Ting n v rung t hot Thi gian: ng ca cc nh my Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho trm XLNT tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:53


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

S c hiu sut x l trm Thi gian: XLNT tp trung khng t Mc : tiu chun thit k Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c chy n Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

Nc mt

Nc thi sinh hot v sn Thi gian: xut Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi rn sinh hot v Thi gian: sn xut Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bn d t cc trm XLNT Thi gian: tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho trm XLNT tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:54


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng


t v nc ngm

Nc thi sinh hot v sn Thi gian: xut Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi rn sinh hot v Thi gian: sn xut Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bn d t cc trm XLNT Thi gian: tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho trm XLNT tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:55


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng


3.2 Mi trng sinh hc H thy sinh Nc thi sinh hot v sn Thi gian: xut Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi rn sinh hot v Thi gian: sn xut Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Bn d t cc trm XLNT Thi gian: tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

56


TT i tng chu tc ng

Tc nhn

Quy m tc ng

S c r r ha cht dng Thi gian: cho trm XLNT tp trung Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c hiu sut x l trm Thi gian: XLNT tp trung khng t Mc : tiu chun thit k Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: S c chy n Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

3.3 Vn ha x hi

Cn tr giao thng v li i Thi gian: li ca ngi dn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Ch v sinh hot ca cng Thi gian: nhn Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra: Tnh trng ngp ng Thi gian: Mc : Phm vi: Loi: Kh nng xy ra:

3.4.6. nh gi v cc phng php s dng trong TM nh gi v tin cy ca cc phng php TM p dng, mc tin cy ca mi nh gi thc hin; nhng iu cn cha chc chn trong nh gi v l gii nguyn nhn.57


Chng 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG Yu cu: Trn c s cc tc ng mi trng nu ra trong Chng 3, xut mt cch c th cc bin php qun l v k thut mang tnh kh thi cao nhm phng trnh, gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng do vic thc hin d n gy nn. 4.1. Nguyn tc chung Cc bin php gim thiu xut phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau: Gim thiu ti mc ti a c th c, ngun ti chnh cho php ca ch u t; Bin php gim thiu phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiu ca d n; C phng n ph hp i vi nhng tc ng mi trng khng th khc phc hoc gim nh; Cc bin php bo v mi trng phi c thc thi sut c qu trnh chun b, xy dng cng trnh v vn hnh.

Cc bin php gim thiu nu trn cn c c th ho v ln k hoch cho tng tc ng bt li, ph hp vi v tr v c im ca tc ng. ng thi c l gii r rng v u im, nhc im, mc kh thi, hiu sut/hiu qu x l. Trong trng hp khng th c bin php hoc c nhng kh kh thi trong khun kh ca d n th phi nu r l do v c kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh. Phi c chng minh rng, sau khi p dng bin php th tc ng xu s c gim n mc no, c so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh. Trng hp khng p ng c yu cu quy nh th phi nu r l do v c nhng kin ngh c th cc c quan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh. Bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng c th chia lm 2 nhm: i vi cc tc ng tiu cc i vi s c mi trng

Bin php gim thiu c phn chia theo cc giai on trin khai thc hin d n gm: Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh Cc vn bn php l lin quan trc tip n cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng cho d n Qui trnh thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng T chc thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng58

4.2. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng


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Vai tr v trch nhim ca ch u t M t s lc phng n n b v gii phng mt bng Tnh trng thc hin cng tc n b v gii phng mt bng

4.3. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s a. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang C pht quang sinh khi thc vt hay khng Kh nng pht quang sinh khi thc vt V tr tp kt sinh khi thc vt pht quang Phng thc thu gom sinh khi thc vt pht quang Phng thc vn chuyn sinh khi thc vt pht quang Bin php x l sinh khi thc vt pht quang C bc tch lp bn b mt hay khng Kh nng bc tch lp bn b mt V tr tp kt lp bn b mt Phng thc thu gom lp bn b mt Phng thc vn chuyn lp bn b mt Bin php x l lp bn b mt Cc bin php trong qu trnh vn chuyn nh tm bt che ph vt liu bn trn Cc bin php trong qu trnh san nn nh san i ra ngay, phun nc Trang b nh v sinh di ng hay xy dng nh v sinh S lng nh v sinh V tr t cc nh v sinh Bin php x l phn hm cu S lng cc thng rc sinh hot Th tch ca cc thng rc sinh hot V tr t cc thng rc sinh hot Phng thc thu gom rc sinh hot Phng thc vn chuyn rc sinh hot59

b. Bn bc tch b mt

c. Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn

d. Nc thi sinh hot

e. Cht thi rn sinh hot


-

Bin php x l rc sinh hot V tr tp kt cht thi xy dng Phng thc thu gom cht thi xy dng Phng thc vn chuyn cht thi xy dng Bin php x l cht thi xy dng S lng cc thng cha du m thi Th tch ca cc thng cha du m thi V tr t cc thng cha du m thi Phng thc thu gom du m thi Phng thc vn chuyn du m thi Bin php x l du m thi C lp t tng bao xung quanh hay khng V tr lp t Phng thc san nn Cc rnh thot nc ma H thng thot nc mt tng th cho khu vc trong c khu vc d n iu tit cc phng tin vn chuyn phc v cho d n Nhn lc thc hin iu tit cc phng tin vn chuyn Gio dc, tuyn truyn thc cng dn i vi cng nhn xy dng Gii thiu vi lao ng nhp c v phong tc/tp qun ca ngi dn a phng Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l a phng c lin quan thc hin cng tc qun l cng nhn nhp c lu tr Tp hun v an ton lao ng trc khi bt u xy dng d n. Hng dn v gim st cht ch vic tun th an ton lao ng ca cng nhn xy dng.

f. Cht thi xy dng

g. Du m thi

h. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng

i. Tnh trng ngp ng

k. Cn tr giao thng v li i li ca ngi dn

l. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng

m. Tai nn lao ng -

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Trang b cc phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn xy dng theo cc qui nh hin hnh ca B Lao ng v Thng binh X hi. Hp ng vi B t lnh cng binh hoc B ch huy Qun s tnh thc hin Tin hnh trc khi bt u cc cng vic trin khai thi cng Phng thc phng chng chy Trang thit b

n. N bom mn tn lu trong lng t -

o. S c chy

4.4. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh 4.4.1. Tun th cc phng n quy hoch Tun th cc ngnh ngh thu ht u t m bo t l t xy dng, t h tng cng trnh u mi v t cy xanh trn ton din tch t m bo h thng h tng c s ca d n bao gm: h thng thot nc ma, h thng thu gom nc thi, nh my XLNT tp trung, bi trung chuyn cht thi rn, h thng giao thng, h thng cp in, h thng cp nc...

4.4.2. Gim thiu nhim khng kh a. Ch u t Trng cy xanh cch ly xung quanh KCN, cy xanh trn cc trc ng giao thng ni b Cung cp cc tiu chun mi trng lin quan n kh thi ti ngun v khng kh xung quanh p dng i vi d n Ring i vi trm XLNT tp trung, cc bin php s c thc hin: o Tun th cc yu cu thit k o Tun th cc yu cu vn hnh v gim st o Trng cy xanh cch ly xung quanh Kim tra vic tun th cc bin php gim thiu nhim kh thi v ting n ca cc nh my thnh vin theo cc qui nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam. Thc hin cc bin php gim thiu nhim kh thi, ting n v rung nh trong bo co TM hoc Bn cam kt bo v mi trng ca tng d n c ph duyt bi c quan chc nng v mi trng. Tun th t l din tch cy xanh trong tng nh my thnh vin theo cc qui nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam.

b. Cc nh my thnh vin -

-

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4.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi K hoch hnh ng nhm gim thiu nhim do nc thi Ni dung Lp n xin php x nc thi vo ngun tip nhn Xy dng h thng thot nc ma ring bit so vi h thng thu gom nc thi ca KCN Kim sot nhim nc thi sn xut v sinh hot t cc nh my thnh vin trong KCN Kim sot nhim nc thi sinh hot t trung tm iu hnh - dch v Xy dng nh my XLNT tp trung ca KCN Vn hnh nh my XLNT tp trung ca KCN Xy dng quy nh v l ph thu gom v x l nc thi T chc qun l nc thi ti KCN Tiu chun nc thi u vo Nh my XLNT tp trung Cng ngh ti nh my XLNT tp trung K hoch v tin xy lp nh my XLNT tp trung K hoch hnh ng gim thiu nhim cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi Ni dung Trch nhim Thi gian d kin Mc ch Ghi ch Trch nhim Thi gian d kin Mc ch

4.4.4. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi

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Ni dung

Trch nhim

Thi gian d kin

Mc ch

Ghi ch

Qun l v x l cht thi rn sinh hot Phn loi cht thi rn sinh hot ti ngun (cc nh my) Thu gom v lu tr cht thi rn sinh hot ti cc nh my vo cc thng cha quy nh Hp ng vi Cng ty c chc nng thu gom, vn chuyn, x l Qun l v x l cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi Phn loi cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi ti ngun (cc nh my) Thu gom cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi vo cc thng cha quy nh Hp ng vi n v c chc nng ca a phng n thu gom v vn chuyn i x l Qun l v x l cht thi nguy hi K khai cht thi nguy hi theo cc quy nh hin hnh ca php lut Vit Nam Thu gom cht thi nguy hi cng nghip vo cc thng cha quy nh c dn nhn

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Ni dung Hp ng vi n v c chc nng ca a phng n thu gom v vn chuyn i x l -

Trch nhim

Thi gian d kin

Mc ch

Ghi ch

Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi rn sinh hot o Ch u t o Cc nh my thnh vin

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Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi o Ch u t o Cc nh my thnh vin

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Cc bin php c th i vi cht thi nguy hi o Ch u t o Cc nh my thnh vin

4.4.5. Gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng vn ha - x hi Tnh trng ngp ng Ch v sinh hot ca cng nhn Phng chng chy n Phng chng st Kim sot cc s c lin quan n cc h thng x l cht thi tp trung o Kim sot s c r r ha cht v an ton tip xc vi ha cht o Kim sot s c hiu sut x l khng t An ton v in

4.4.6. Gim thiu s c mi trng

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Chng 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG Yu cu: xut c cc bin php qun l v gim st, quan trc mi trng nhm m bo thc hin c hiu qu cc bin php bo v mi trng c nu trong Chng 4, ng thi kp pht hin nhng khim khuyt trong qu trnh thc hin cng nh nhng biu hin suy thoi, nhim mi trng do d n gy ra kp thi iu chnh. 5.1. Nguyn tc chung Chng trnh qun l mi trng, bao gm c K hoch ng cu khn cp, c tc dng h tr cho vic thc hin v tun th cc bin php gim thiu tc hi v bo v mi trng nu trong bo co TM. Sau khi d n c chp thun v bo co TM c ph duyt, ch u t, c quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng v cc bn lin quan khc thc hin cc hnh ng m bo cc bin php gim thiu xut c lng ghp vo khung k hoch thc hin d n. Trch nhim ca ch u t v n v chuyn trch mi trng ca ch u t l: Ch nh n v chuyn trch kt ni cc kt qu TM trong vic nh hng pht trin d n v thay i thit k (nu cn thit); Theo di vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tc hi v bo v mi trng ca cc nh thu; Thc hin chng gim st mi trng kim tra hiu qu ca cc bin php gim thiu v xut cc bin php iu chnh hoc b sung m bo tun th cc quy nh v cc tiu chun mi trng tng ng (nu cn thit); Ch nh cc chuyn gia/n v t vn tr gip thc hin cc nhim v nu ch u t khng nng lc; Phn b kinh ph ph hp thc hin chng trnh qun l mi trng.

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Nh vy, chng trnh qun l mi trng cn phi bao gm c chng trnh gim st sau thm nh TM, k hoch ng cu khn cp v chng trnh gim st mi trng trong tt c cc giai on thc hin d n. Chng trnh qun l mi trng bao gm cc ni dung sau: K hoch gim thiu nhim, gim st mi trng v iu chnh cc bin php gim thiu tc hi; K hoch gio dc/o to v truyn thng; K hoch phng nga v ng cu s c; Phn nh trch nhim v t chc, nhn s; Th tc ghi chp v bo co

65


5.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng a. Chng trnh qun l mi trng Cc ni dung chnh ca chng trnh qun l mi trng (QLMT): Bng 5.1. Chng trnh QLMT trong giai on chun b d n TT 1 2 Ni dung La chn a im d n Xy dng k hoch n b, gii phng mt bng cho d n Quy hoch mt bng v h tng k thut cho d n Xy dng bo co TM cho d n Hoch nh cc tiu chun mi trng p dng ti d n Hoch nh cc k hoch hnh ng bo v mi trng ca d n Tnh trng / n v thc hin chnh

3

4 5

6

Bng 5.2. Chng trnh QLMT trong giai on xy dng h tng c s TT 1 Ni dung Trin khai thc hin cc k hoch hnh ng bo v mi trng c thng qua trong giai on ny Tnh trng / n v thc hin chnh

66


Bng 5.3. Chng trnh QLMT trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh TT 1 Ni dung Trin khai thc hin cc k hoch hnh ng bo v mi trng c thng qua trong giai on ny Pht trin h thng QLMT cho ton KCN Tnh trng/n v thc hin chnh

2

b. T chc v nhn s cho qun l mi trng Cng ty xy dng h tng KCN: phi hp cht ch vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng thc hin tt chng trnh qun l v bo v mi trng theo cc qui nh hin hnh, c th: Thnh lp b phn chuyn trch v mi trng (phng/t mi trng). B phn ny c trch nhim gip vic cho Cng ty xy dng h tng KCN; t chc tp hun v QLMT cho cc thnh vin ca b phn ny. Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l nh nc gim st vic tun th mi trng ca cc nh thu trong giai on xy dng h tng c s ca d n. Kt hp cht ch vi cc c quan qun l nh nc gim st vic tun th cc yu cu v mt mi trng i vi cc nh my trin khai trong KCN. Vn hnh v bo dng h thng XLNT tp trung khi c xy lp v a vo s dng. Hng dn cc th tc cn thit v mt mi trng cho cc nh my khi ng k trin khai v hot ng trong KCN. Qui hoch cp v thi c th cho cc nh my trin khai trong KCN, trong tp trung vo: + B tr cc ngnh ngh ph hp trong tng khu vc theo qui hoch phn khu cc nhm ngnh cng nghip. + Qui hoch h thng cp nc + Qui hoch h thng thot nc ma + Qui hoch h thng thu gom nc thi + Qui hoch trm XLNT tp trung + Qui hoch bi trung chuyn cht thi rn + Xy dng tiu chun x thi cho cc nh my thnh vin trin khai trong KCN trc khi thi vo h thng XLNT tp trung.67

-

-


+ Xy dng khung gi v cc dch v mi trng nh khung gi v x l tip nc thi n tiu chun cho php ca Nh nc, khung gi v dch v thu gom v x l cht thi rn sinh hot. Cc nh my thnh vin: Cc nh my trc khi trin khai xy dng trong KCN s thc hin bo co TM hoc Cam kt bo v mi trng theo cc vn bn hng dn hin hnh ca c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng. Cung cp y cc s liu v tnh hnh tiu th nc, khi lng cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi (theo thng/qu/nm) khi i vo hot ng. K khai thu ph nc thi theo Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP v Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP. K khai cng tc phn loi thu gom cht thi rn bao gm c cht thi nguy hi (nh du m thi, ha cht qu hn s dng hoc cht lng km,). Cc nh my thnh vin c nc thi khng t tiu chun thi cc b do KCN qui nh s phi xy dng h thng tin XLNT t tiu chun x thi qui nh ca KCN trc x thi vo h thng thu gom nc thi chung ca KCN.

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5.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng a. Gim st cht thi Gim st cc vn c lin quan n cht thi Ni dung gm: + Ni dung gim st: + Thu gom, x l cht thi trong qu trnh chun b mt bng nh bn no vt, sinh khi pht quang v.v.. + Nc thi + Bn d t trm XLNT tp trung + Cht thi rn + Cht thi nguy hi n v/t chc c trch nhim thc hin: cc nh my t thc hin, Ch u t Thi gian d kin gim st: thi gian bt u thc hin gim st Mc ch gim st V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh: cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng Thng s gim st: gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho cht thi ca d n theo tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh ca Vit Nam Tn sut gim st: ti thiu 03 (ba) thng mt ln

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Gim st nc thi Bng 5.4. K hoch hnh ng gim st nc thi Ni dung Trch nhim Thi gian Mc ch Kim sot cht lng nc thi ti cc nh my thnh vin t tiu chun thi vo cng thu gom nc thi ca KCN Ghi ch im kt ni c h ga v nm ngoi tng ro ca cc nh my nhm thun tin trong cng tc gim st v cht lng nc thi v lu lng x thi

Gim st cht Cc lng nc my thi ti im vin kt ni t cc nh my thnh vin vo cng thu gom nc thi chung ca KCN

nh Khi nh my thnh bt u i vo hot ng sn xut

Gim st cht Cng ty xy lng nc dng h thi u vo tng KCN ca trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN Gim st cht Cng ty xy lng nc dng h thi u ra tng KCN (sau x l) ca trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN

Sau khi xy dng xong trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN

Kim sot cht lng nc thi u vo ca trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN

Sau khi xy dng xong trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN

Kim sot cht lng nc thi u ra ca trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN

Lp t h thng gim st t ng cc thng s nh: lu lng, nhit , pH, DO, SS ti nc thi u ra sau trm XLNT tp trung ca KCN

V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh

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Bng 5.5. V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh V tr gim st Tiu chun so snh

Ti cc nh my thnh vin trc khi thi vo cng Tiu chun nc thi cc b thu gom nc thi ca KCN (ch gim st khi cn theo qui nh ca KCN thit) Trc khi vo h thng XLNT tp trung ca KCN Tiu chun nc thi cc b theo qui nh ca KCN Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng qui nh

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Sau h thng XLNT tp trung ca KCN

Thng s gim st (y l cc thng s c bn, tuy nhin tu theo tnh hnh thc t ca loi hnh cht thi cc thng s gim st c th thay i cho ph hp) pH BOD COD SS Du m khong Du m ng thc vt CNTng N Tng P Phenol Clorua Cr Hg Cu Zn Ni Mg Fe As

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Coliform

Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ln (trc v sau trm XLNT tp trung; ti cc nh my thnh vin trc khi thi vo cng thu gom nc thi ca KCN ch gim st khi cn thit) Gim st bn d t trm XLNT tp trung V tr: im thu gom tp trung bn d ca trm XLNT tp trung Thng s gim st (y l cc thng s c bn, tuy nhin tu theo tnh hnh thc t ca loi hnh cht thi cc thng s gim st c th thay i cho ph hp): pH m T trng Cr Hg Cu Zn Ni Mg Fe As

Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ln b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh Gim st mi trng xung quanh Ni dung gm: + Ni dung gim st: cht lng khng kh xung quanh bn ngoi phm vi cc nh my, cht lng khng kh trong cc nh my, cht lng mi trng nc mt, cht lng mi trng nc ngm, cht lng mi trng t + n v/t chc c trch nhim thc hin: cc nh my t thc hin, Ch u t + Thi gian d kin gim st: thi gian bt u thc hin gim st + Mc ch gim st + V tr gim st v tiu chun so snh: cc im gim st phi c th hin c th trn s vi ch gii r rng

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+ Thng s gim st: gim st nhng thng s nhim c trng cho d n theo tiu chun, quy chun, quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong trng hp ti khu vc thc hin d n khng c cc trm, im gim st chung ca c quan nh nc. Tn sut gim st: ti thiu 06 (su) thng mt ln Gim st khng kh xung quanh bn ngoi phm vi cc nh my Bng 5.6. K hoch hnh ng gim st khng kh xung quanh Ni dung Trch nhim Thi gian d kin Mc ch

Gim st mi Cc nh my t Khi cc nh my Kim sot cht lng trng khng kh thc hin thnh vin bt u mi trng khng kh trong cc nh my i vo hot ng khu vc nh my thnh vin trong sn xut KCN Gim st mi Cng ty xy dng Khi KCN i vo Kim sot cht lng trng khng kh h tng KCN vn hnh mi trng khng kh trong KCN nhng khu vc KCN nm ngoi phm vi cc nh my Gim st mi Cng ty xy dng Khi KCN i vo Kim sot cht lng trng khng kh h tng KCN vn hnh mi trng khng kh bn ngoi KCN bn ngoi KCN V tr gim st: Trong KCN, khu vc trm XLNT tp trung Trong KCN, khu vc bi trung chuyn cht thi rn Trong KCN, khu dch v v cng trnh cng cng Trong KCN, khu cc nh my Ngoi KCN, pha ng Ngoi KCN, pha Ty Ngoi KCN, pha Nam Ngoi KCN, pha Bc

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Thng s gim st (y l cc thng s c bn, tuy nhin tu theo tnh hnh thc t ca loi hnh cht thi cc thng s gim st c th thay i cho ph hp) -

Ting n Bi CO SO2 NO2 Pb NH3 H2S

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Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln Gim st khng kh trong cc nh my Cng ty xy dng h tng KCN gim st qu trnh thc hin cng tc gim st cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh ca cc nh my thnh vin da trn bo co TM hoc Cam kt bo v mi trng ca cc d n c c quan chc nng ph duyt. Gim st mi trng nc mt V tr gim st: im tip nhn nc thi ca KCN 500 m v pha thng ngun so vi im tip nhn nc thi ca KCN 500 m v pha h ngun so vi im tip nhn nc thi ca KCN

Thng s gim st (y l cc thng s c bn, tuy nhin tu theo tnh hnh thc t ca loi hnh cht thi cc thng s gim st c th thay i cho ph hp) pH SS BOD COD DO

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Tng N Tng P NO2NO3NH4+ Cu Pb Zn Cd Hg Cr Coliform Du m ng thc vt Du m khong

5. huong dan dtm kcn

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