5장 측정표준과...

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5

,

,

1.

2.

2

-

- ,

-

-

-

-

- (SI)

-

-

-

3

?

:

,

, , .

:

:

= +

() , . , .

4

(B.C 3000):

,

, : , , ,

-

(): (, ) (2000 )

-

(1215): (; inch, ; (lb), ; (pt)

: -, - [ (1970)]

B.C.2500: (Cubit)

(1800 ):

5

: .

, , ,

:

1875

: :

, .

:

6

3 2 ( ):

* :

*

* :

* :

,

7

) (http://www.kriss.re.kr, )

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- , - 1 : 1/1000 m (10-6) - : He-Ne 1/10 (10-11)

(3)

- , : , 1 - : - : 30 1 (10-13)

- , , : - : , - : K, oC, oF : (10-7)

http://www.kisdi.re.kr/imagedata/pdf/10/1020060402.pdf

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- : , , - , :

(3)

- (LNG): : , - : (LPG) - , :

- : - - : (10-9)

10

- : , , , - (CRM) , : 500

(3)

- : , , - (EMI) - (EMC)

- : , , - : , X-, MRI - : 7 % 300

11

!!

6 30 7 30 22 30

/

TV

12

? !

13

-

-

14

-

-

,

, , , , ,

.

= ( )

200 cm, 95%

1 cm

y = (200 1) cm

15

,

.

. ,

,

.

.

m = (72.336 0.078) kg

(k = 2, 95 %, )

( )

16

()

()

1/100 mm

1/1,000 mm

5/10,000 mm

1/10,000 mm

101-102

102-103

104-105

106-107

,, , ,

, TV, , ,

, , , ,

, , ,

17

G7 G7 G7

G7

(m) 2.5 10-11 10-11 10-12 ~10-15

2.3 10-9 10-9 10-10

2 10-13 10-13 10-14

(V) 2 10-9 2 10-9 10-10

(K) 5 10-8 10-7 10-8

() 3 10-3 10-3 10-4

()

(s)

18

0.01 (mm)

0.001

0.0001

70 90 2000

,

,

,

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-

1 inch = 2.54 cm

1 ft = 30.48 cm

1 yard = 91.4 cm

1 mile = 1.6 km ( )

1 () = 30.3 cm 100 (

=15~16 cm)

1 = 15~16 cm 30cm 43 cm

20

1875

1959

1960

1961

1964

1975

1978

1999

1999

2001

2006

11

(OIML)

21

(38, 2 )

1 (2001~2005)

2 (2006~2010)

21

- 1790: ()

- 1793:

- 1875 5:

, 17

- 1959 7: 36

- 1978 6:

22

CIPM, ILAC

Joint statement by the CIPM

and ILAC on the roles and

responsibilities of national

metrology institutes and

national recognized

accreditation bodies

NMI

best practice

ILAC

Member Governments of the Metre Convention ensure that an appropriate relationship exits between NMIs and NABs, this relationship fosters collaboration on matters concerning traceability of measurement results and ensures effective and complementary actions under the CIPM MRA and ILAC arrangement.

23

BIPM, OIML, ILAC

, ,

MRA / MRA

Common statement and

declaration by the BIPM, OIML

and ILAC on the relevance of

various international

agreements on metrology to

trade, legislation and

standardization

BIPM, OIML, ILAC

.

24

SI (Le Systme International dUnites, The International System of Units):

- SI : 1790

- CGS : 1874 CGS (cm g s)

1875-17

- MKS : 1900 MKS (m-kg-s)

- MKSA : 1901 G. Giorgi

1935 IEC , , ,

1939 (CCE, CCEM) (A)

1946

-: 1954 10 (CGPM) (oK),

1960 11 CGPM (SI) .

- (SI): 1967 oK K , (cd)

1971 (mole)

- : 1961 SI

(SI)

25

SI :

(meter) m

(kilogram) kg

(second) s

(ampere) A

(kelvin) K

(mol) mol

(candella) cd

SI :

(m2), (m3), (m/s), (m/s2), (m-1), (kg/m3), (A/m3), (mol/m3)

(SI)

26

,

- , (), () . , . () : m (), t () / : kg, s, K, Pa, GHz,

- , . ( ) () - kg ; Kg ( ) - 5 s ; 5 sec., 5 sec, 5 secs - gauge : 600 kPa (gauge); 600 kPag

- . [ , , ] () - 35 mm ; 35mm / 32 ; 32 - 2.37 lm ; 2.37lm (2.37 lumens) - 25 , 2523, 252327

(SI)

27

- (1889-1960) (1960-1983) (1983-) - (127I2) -

0 oC 1 cm3 (1795) 4 oC 1 dm3 (1798) (1799) Pt90%-Ir10% cylinder (K I, K II, K III) K III (1883, BIPM) 1 CGPM

(SI)

28

()

( ) - 1/86 400 (~1956) ( ) 1900 1 0 12 1/31556 925.974 (1956-1967) - 133Cs 9 192 631 770 (1967-)

SI

1 A - 1 m 2 x 10-7 N/m (1948, 9 CGPM ) () ( )

(1990. 1. 1)

(SI)

29

, , . -90 (ITS-90) 273.16 K (0.01 oC) .

540 x 1012 Hz 1/683 W

(SI)

30

1988

ISO9000

ISO/17025 : /

ISO/TS16949 : ()

1979

1999

MRA()

1995

ISO 15189 :

ISO22000 :

ISO guide34 :

//

WHO, WMO ///

1998

2002 JCTLM (Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine)

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31

1980 1990 2000

(1979) (1999)

ISO/17025

/ ISO guide34

ISO 15189

/ //

ISO22000

32

EMC

RoHs

//

/

M-AFM

, , , , , ,

1990 2000 1980

/

/

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33

KCs according to the MRA signed in 1999

(KC)

34

[CIPM-MRA,1999] [2005]

KC [ , 1999~ ]

NMI

/

A

NMI

/

B

KRISS

/

MRA

35

KRISS (NIST)

KRISS

2 10

100

: 110

BP

BP

3,000( 330 )

(BIPM)

36

One Standard, One Test, Everywhere Accepted !

NMI

.

NMI

.

A B

KRISS

( )

NMI CIPM (CIPM-MRA, 1999) - ( , 1999~)

CIPM (OIML, ILAC)

* CIPM(), OIML(), ILAC()

.

MRA

37

200 : 1 % 2

- ( )

- ()

1():

2(): 1.

2.

3.

38

-

- :

- 1 : (1905 3 21 )

: ()

: ()

(: ) .

1 = 30.303(:)

30.303 cm: ()

- 1961 .

2006. 03. 21.

40

(1)

- SI() ) : ) : () ) : ) : -4: ( ) * : ( ), () kg, ( ) m, m2 ()

(2) 2

- , ( )

(3) 2

-(), ()

41

)

-

- ,

-

(OIML)

:

: 1958

:

:

42

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

- (2000)-

Elements for a Law on Metrology 1

2

3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

4 1. 2. 3. 4.

5

-OIML D1: 2004

OIML ,

, , , , , , ,

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( )

( 3 )

(, , )

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()

()

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