信息技术对中国物流与供应链行业所起的作用

唐志鸿唐志鸿研究及技术开发总监研究及技术开发总监

香港物流及供应链管理应用技术研发中心香港物流及供应链管理应用技术研发中心

二零零七年二零零七年九九月十月十六六日日

2 0 0 72 0 0 7 年中小企業資訊化暨年中小企業資訊化暨 R F IDR F ID 技術應用高峰論壇技術應用高峰論壇

信息技术对中国物流与供应

链行业所起的作用

2

A Member of Hong Kong R&D Centre

中国经济增长 Economic Growth in China

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Billion RMB

中国过去十年经济持续健康的增长 China economy recorded sustainable and sound growth in the past ten years.

2005 年中国的国民生产总值按年增加 9.9%, 达到 18.23 兆亿人民币 In 2005, China’s GDP had a growth of 9.9% year-on-year to RMB 18.23 trillion.

中国经济的增长主要归结于外贸 , 投资 , 以及强烈的国内需求 Economic growth in China was mainly attributed to foreign trade and investment as well as strong domestic demand.

2003 : 13.582 兆亿人民币2004 : 15.987 兆亿人民币2005 : 18.232 兆亿人民币

中国国民生产总值

3


0

200

400

600

800

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Import

Export

中国的进出口额Billion RMB

中国的进出口 Import & Export Training in China

2005 年 , 中国的外贸周转量达到新高至 1.42 兆亿人民币　 In 2005, China’s foreign trade turnover hit a new high of RMB 1.42 trillion.

出口额为 7.6 千亿人民币 , 进口为 6.6 千亿人民币 , 同比分别增长 23.2% 和17.6% In which export volume was RMB 762 billion and import volume was RMB 660 billion, both showed a growth of 23.2% and 17.6% respectively.

持续增长的出口将继续推动以出口为主动力的中国国民生产总值的增长 Rising export will continue to contribute to export-driven GDP growth

持续增长的进出口将加速货品的流动 , 导致物流服务需求的增长 Rising I/E accelerates commodity flow, giving rise to increasing demand in logistics services

4


中国物流需求 Logistics Demand in China

(Source : Li & Fung Research Centre)

物流需求系数衡量为物流价值总量与国民生产总值的百分比 Coefficient of logistics demand is the total logistics value as a proportion of GDP

1991 到 1995, 此系数为 1.6 In 1991-1995, the average coefficient was 1.6

1996 到 2000, 此系数为 1.7 In 1996-2000, the average coefficient increased to 1.7

到 2005, 此系数为 2.64 In 2005, the coefficient raised to 2.64

此系数的增长揭示了中国经济中持续增加的物流服务需求 A rising coefficient implied the economy of China has an increasing demand on logistics services

Coefficient of logistics demand

5


中国物流业展望 Outlook of China’s Logistics Development

物流业进入蓬勃发展时期 Looking forward to a new booming stage of logistics industry

外资物流企业在中国快速扩张 Rapid expansion of foreign logistics enterprises in China

本土物流业开始形成 Regional logistics development shaping up

市场份额取决于竞争力 Market share decided by competitive advantages

信息技术将扮演更重要的角色 A more critical role for information technology than ever

中国的物流企业将更加依赖信息技术来提高她们的供应链管理水平 The trend is building up that logistics enterprises in China will rely more on IT to enhance their supply chain management

6


珠三角为中国的物流中心与生产基地 PRD as China’s Logistics Hub and Mfg Base

中国出口额为 6 千亿美元 , 其中 40%( 大约 2 千 400 亿美元 ) 经过珠三角 China exports close to US$600B to the World Market & about 40% (US$240B) shipped through Pearl River Delta (PRD)

对于中国及世界经济来讲 , 香港在物流供应链运作上具有特殊的战略地位 Hong Kong is in an unique strategic position in the logistics and supply chain operations for China and the world economy

珠三角 : 重要生产基地

>80,000 工厂

7


深化的产业集群 Deep industry

clusters

超过 6 万家生产企业为香港直接或间

接投资与管理 Over 60,000 mfg firms

are HK invested and managed

在珠三角雇佣了 1 千万工人

Employing 10 million workers in PRD

致力提升技术与设计水平 Striving for

technology upgrading and quality design

珠三角持续的需求带耒科技的发展机遇Opportunity for Technology - Growing Demand in the PRD

Map courtesy of HKTDC

Graphic courtesy of Hong Kong Trade Development Council此图来源于香港贸发局

8


Mainland/HK Ports内地香港港口

HK/Overseas Ports香港海外港口

Supply供应

Manufacturers生产

Demand需求

Retailers零售商

3PL第 3 方物流

3PL第 3 方物流

Warehouse仓储

Mainland

中国

Hong Kong

香港

Overseas

海外

Information Infrastructure 信息基础设施

Dataflow数据流

Dataflow数据流

Dataflow数据流

全球物流合作与供应链管理Global Logistics Collaboration and SCM

Go

od

s F

low

物流

Pro

cess

es过程

En

abli

ng

T

ech

no

log

ies

基础技术

Pilot ApplicationsEnterprise Applications 企业应用

Asset/ Inventory MgtAsset/ Inventory Mgt

资产／库存管理 Warehouse MgtWarehouse Mgt

仓储管理 Secure TradelaneSecure Trade lane

安全贸易通道 Logistics Track & TraceLogistics Track & Trace

物流跟踪

Box包箱

Distributor分销

Manufacture生产

Container集装箱

Truck卡车

Pallet货板

212345 6789072

Retailer零售

Truck卡车

Truck卡车

Warehouse仓储

Source: GS1 Hong Kong

9


现代供应链与物流运作元素Elements of Modern Supply Chain and Logistic Operations

….IT Infrastructure基础设施

Business Processes商业过程

Enterprise Applications企业应用

Network Security网络安全

Asset Monitoring财物监视

Data Accuracy数据准确

ProcessControl流程控制

StandardizedIdentification标准化标示

PackagingSpecification 包装规范

Palletization货盘化

InboundOutbound

Flow内外物流

Track &Trace跟踪

Labeling标签

Shipment运输

Authentication验证

CapacityPlanning容量规划

Inventory Management库存管理

SupplierManagement供货管理

ERP企业资源规划

BusinessForecasting业务预测

Anti-Counterfeit

防伪

DW数据仓库

WMS仓储管理

….

….

10


于香港的五个研发中心5 Research & Development Centres in Hong Kong

Nanotech & advanced materials

Textile & clothing

Information & communications technologies

Logistics and supply chain managementAutomotive parts & accessory systems

11


R/D PartnersIndustrial Consortia

(RFID China Alliance)

Board of DirectorsChairman

Jerry Garrett

一站式研发与产业发展One-stop Shop for Research and Industry Development

CEOProf. CJ Tan

AdvisorsProf. Houmin YanProf. Andrew Lim

Director of R/DDr. Terry Ye

(RFID HD/Systems)

DirectorResearch & BD

Peter Li(Collaborative projects)

Director of R/DDr. Frank Tong(Applications and /Infrastructures)

Manager, CEO Office (Winnie Yau)PR and Communications ManagerExecutive Secretary

Manager, Tech. Programs (Tony Kwok)

Admin Manager

TechnologyCommittee

Finance & Admin.Committee

Other R/D Groups

TechnologyCompanies

Public Institutions

Service/MfgIndustries

Venture Groups

GD RFIDCenter

University R/D Groups

HKU HKUST

CUHKChina/HK

Universities

12


研发计划与产业成员计划R&D Programs & Industry Membership Program

产业会员计划Industry Membership Programs

研发计划R&D Programs

• 中心会员 Center Membership• 兴趣小组 Special Interest Groups

• 平台研究 Platform Research• 协作研究 Collaborative

Research• 合约研究 Contract Research

13


中心初始项目 LSCM Foundation Projects

有源标签模块Active tag

Module

有源标签天线 inlayActive tag

Antenna/inlay

无源标签芯片Passive tag

Chip

无源标签天线 inlayPassive tag

Antenna/inlay

有源读写器天线Active reader

Antenna

无源读写器天线Passive reader

Antenna

有源读写器系统Active readerSystem (box)

无源读写器系统Passive readersystem (box)

中间件RFID Middleware

无源读写器芯片Passive reader

Chip

有源读写器芯片Active reader

Chip

有源标签芯片Active tag

Chip

网络基础设施Network Infrastructures

RFID 应用RFID Application

14


212345 6789072 212345 6789072

Manufacture生产商

Commodity货品

Box包箱

Pallet货箱

Container集装箱运输

Distributor分销商


Pallet货箱

Box包箱

Commodity货品

Retailer零售商

Consumer消费者

•全局可视基础设施全局可视基础设施 GGlobal visibility lobal visibility infrastructureinfrastructure

Global ActivityRepository

全域活动存储

E-Product CodeAddress Map

电子货品代码地址 Intelligence Service智能服务

• RFIDRFID 企业应用整企业应用整合合 RFID RFID integration with integration with Enterprise Enterprise ApplicationsApplications

Production生产

WMS仓储

Replenish补货

RFID 中间件RFID Application

Enabling Middleware

RFID支持与全域供应链可视RFID Enablement and Global SCM Visibility

平台与基础设施Logistics Platform

And Infrastructures

RFID 系统RFID Systems

15


RFID读写器 Reader / Interrogator RFID感应卡 Tag / Transponder

RFIC Transceiver接收器

Baseband基带

Clock Generator 时钟发生器

Power Rectifier 整流器

Modulator /Demodulator调制解调器

Memory 内存

Assembly 组装

Antenna天线

Charge Pump 充电泵

Packaging 封装

单芯片无源 RFID 系统 Single-chip Passive RFID System

Passive UHF Tag Passive UHF Tag 无源无源 UHFUHF 标签标签

• 高敏感度，小尺寸的天线技术 Sensitive, small-size antenna technology

• 低成本组装技术 Low-cost assembly technology

• 低压低能耗，小尺寸集成电路设计技术 Low-voltage, low-power, small-size IC design technologies

Passive UHF ReaderPassive UHF Reader 无源无源 UHFUHF读写器读写器

• 设计并演示低压低能耗集成电路的 UHF RFID 的接收装置 Design and demo of low-voltage, low-power IC modules for UHF RFID transceiver

• RFID 基带模组专用集成电路内核与核心知识产权 Important IPs and ASIC Cores for RFID baseband modules

香港科技大学 The HK University of Science and Technology

16


应用相关的系统 Application Specific RFID Systems

RFID 技术于物流应用以外更宽广的应用前景 Broader applications beyond logistics

防伪及核证 Anti-Counterfeit and Authentication

仓储及资产管理 Warehouse and Asset Management

城市交通管理 Urban Traffic Control and Management

学校上课与公众节目参与管理 School and Event Management

其它 Many Others …

17


防伪方案 RFID – the Ideal Solution for Anti-Counterfeit

集成电路芯片难于仿制 IC chip has extremely high barrier to counterfeit

加密的数据存储与通讯 Encrypted data storage and communication

后台供应链数据库连接 RFID linked with supply chain database backend

产品可追踪 Products are traceable along the supply chain

嵌入于产品之中 Embedded into product packages or even inside product

♦ 难于篡改 Hard to be tampered with

18


应用专案标签 Application Specific Tags

嵌入于产品中 Embedded in product or package

♦ 外观尺寸，无逢嵌入 Form factor, embedded seamlessly

♦ 产品上调试 Performance tuned to end-products

♦ 天线，基片材料与封装 Antenna, inlay materials, packaging

不能回收，具自毁能力 Non-recyclable, self-destructive

♦ 防止回收伪造 Prevent tag from being recycled as counterfeit

♦ 解决隐私难题 Solve privacy concerns to end-consumers

数据加密 Data encryption

♦ 标签存储数据加密 Data stored inside tag is encrypted

♦ 数据通讯加密 Data communication between tag and reader is encrypted

低成本标签生产技术 Low cost tag mfg techniques

♦ 降低标签成本以增加商业部署 Lower the tag cost to expand the deployment

19


应用专案读写器 Application Specific Readers

低成本小外观尺寸的读写器 Low cost, small form-factor reader

♦ 手持应用阅读器模组 Reader module for handheld applications

♦ 读写器芯片嵌入 PDA 与手提电话 Reader chip embedded into PDA or cellular phones

标签与读写器通讯加密 Encrypted tag-reader communication

♦ 数据置乱 Scrambling data before send out

♦ 通讯加密 Encrypted data communication

应用专案读写器天线 Application specific reader antenna

♦ 读写器天线适合使用场景 Reader antenna fits into usage scenario

♦ 智能货架，销售终端 Smart shelf, point of sales, etc.

20


212345 6789072 212345 6789072


Commodity货品

Box包箱

Pallet货箱




Pallet货箱

Box包箱

Commodity货品

Retailer零售商

Consumer消费者



全域活动存储




Production生产

WMS仓储

Replenish补货


Enabling Middleware



And Infrastructures


21


企业应用中间件RFID Enablement Middleware for Enterprise Applications

帮助企业以最少精力与成

本对 RFID 系统与其企业系

统进行整合 Integrate RFID

systems with existing legacy systems at minimal effort and cost

帮助企业使用不同标准有

效地连接全球供应链基础

设施 Painlessly and cost

effectively connect to the global supply chain infrastructures through international standards such as EPC, EDI and DTTN

Manufacture RetailPhysical Goods FlowPhysical Goods Flow

Internal Access Interface ModuleE

dge server

RFID Event Module

RAE Object Module

Object event repository

RAE Core

Object store

Event handler

RFID event repository

System m

onitoring andR

eportingToolbox

User

Interface

Su

pp

ortin

g Fu

nctio

ns

SQL ExcelE-FormXML

External Access Interface Module

EDI EPCXML

RFID

Interface M

odule

Global SCM Information

NetworkPeer

Network

WMS ERP

Readers

RFID Devices

香港大学 University of Hong Kong, E-Business Technology Institute

http://images.google.com.hk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.communisis.com/aboutcommunisis/graphics/logistics.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.communisis.com/aboutcommunisis/logistics.htm&h=325&w=336&sz=54&tbnid=m39IvOKdj0sJ:&tbnh=111&tbnw=114&start=3&prev=/images?q=logistics&hl=zh-TW&lr=

22


Salt SCV (Stock Monitoring / Replenishment )补货

美晨 Masson (Warehouse Mgt /

FIFO Inventory Control) 仓储管理

亚波罗 Appollo (WIP)

宝供 PGL (3PL & Distribution) 第 3 方物流与分销

供应链可视 Salt SCV (Stock Control & Monitoring)

Salt SCV (Warehouse Mgt / FIFO Inventory Control) 仓储

Salt SCV (Stock Monitoring /Distribution) 分销

金鸿基 GHK (Container Mgt in Depot) 堆场管理

Domestic Warehousing国内仓储

Manufacturing生产

Int’l Warehousing / Transportation

全球仓储与运输

Distribution Centre分销中心

Retail零售

内地示范项目 Pilot Projects in Mainland

23


212345 6789072 212345 6789072


Commodity货品

Box包箱

Pallet货箱




Pallet货箱

Box包箱

Commodity货品

Retailer零售商

Consumer消费者



全域活动存储




Production生产

WMS仓储

Replenish补货


Enabling Middleware



And Infrastructures


24


EPCglobal Network Infrastructure 网络基础设施

HKSupplier

香港供货商

ChinaFactory内地工厂

USRetailer

美国零售商

LogisticsServiceProvider

物流服务商

Finished product delivery Data

数据

Finished Product 成品

Host Systemse.g. ERP, WMS主机系统

RFID/EPC Consolidated Data

数据

Finished Product 成品

与 Vtech,Walmart 的示范项目 Pilot Project with Vtech and Walmart

Finished product Ship-Out Data

数据


数据


数据

香港货品代码协会 GS1, Hong Kong

25


当前形势 Current Situation

众多的物流服务平台 Many logistics service platforms

♦ 广东 RFID公共技术支持中心 Guangdong RFID service platform (GDRC)

♦ 广东工业研究院 Logistics/custom platform for food safety (GDEII)

♦ 上海交通大学 Shanghai logistics service platform for information sharing (SJTU)

♦ 中科院自动化所 RFID platform for medicine, tobacco and mfg SCM (CASIA)

♦ 北京中交国科 Supply chain and e-business application platform (CLTC)

♦ 香港货品代码协会 EPC Network for supply chain visibility (GS1)

♦ 数码贸易运输网络 DTTN in Hong Kong

挑战 Challenges

♦ 缺乏互联 Lack of interconnection

♦ 众多不同的标准与实施 Diverse standards and implementations

♦ 较高的部署成本 Costly adoption for RFID

26


基于 RFID 的互换闸RFID-based Interoperable Gateway (RIG)

ServicePlatform服务平台

RIG

Mfg生产商

Logistics物流

Warehse仓储

Govt政府

LogisticsServices物流服务

ServicePlatform服务平台

RIG

DC分销商

Retail零售商

Logistics物流

LogisticsServices物流服务

Finance金融

RIG 将保证多个服务平台的互联互通 RFID-based Inter-operable Gate-way (RIG) to enable interconnection among service platforms

推动形成跨区域与服务的价值链 Promote and enable value chains across different regions and services

27


RIG交换闸连接众多服务平台RIG Gateway Connects Logistics Platforms

GDRC

MfgEPC

Ports GDEI

IDT

TN

RIGRIG

RIG

RIG

RIGRIG

RIG

RIG

RIG

RIGRIG

RIG

28


推动形成 RFID社区 Formation of a RFID Community

研发中心中小型企业

其它如：投资者

制造商 / 服务公司

香港特别行政区政府

研究所 /

大学

技术公司

研究用户研究用户

研究提供者研究提供者

29


Innovative Ideas

创新意念

Industry Consulting & Collaboration

业界咨询与合作

Prototypes &

Products

原型与产品

R&D Projects

研发项目

共同合作領域

Completing the “R&D to Commercialization” Cycle

从研发到市场化的发展循环流程

Spin-offs / Commercialization

商业化

• 业界交流及咨询• 共同研发项目• 产品开发• 技术转移及商业化

30


香港薄扶林道香港大學創新科技培育館一樓香港物流及供應鏈管理應用技術研發中心電話： (852) 2299 0551

傳真： (852) 2299 0552

電郵： [email protected]

網址： www.lscm.hk

谢谢 !

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.lscm.hk/

信息技术对中国物流与供应链行业所起的作用

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