:

:

a =

=

=

=

=

= ( 3 3 )

=

= .

=

=

=

= (12 12 ) R,L

=

=

=

=

=

=

= mth

.

:

, 10 1950 . 3 . ( 1) . (Bergman , 1950 ; Cohen 1995) . . . Alghamdi .

(Alghamdi , 1991 ; 1992 ; Alghamdi , Tuma 1989)

. (Panayotounakes 1949 ; 1985 ; Young , scordelis ; 1958) . . 3 . . (Alghamdi ; 1988 ; skouter opoulou et al . 1986) : : , (DTM) (Alghamdi ; 1988) (FEM) (Reddy 1984 ; zienkiewicz , Tayler 1993) .

. . . 3 . 3 .

1)

. (Alghamdi ; 1988 ; Reddy , 1984)

, 2 , , :

:

:

. (Alghamdi , 1992) :

EMBED Equation.3

:

:

, (2) : (Alghamdi ; 1988)

L,R : . . (Alghamdi ; 1988 , 1991) 12th . : .

. . . . . (5) :

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

. (6) .

(2) LR .

EMBED Equation.3

( nth . (7) . (7) 1 6 : (Alghamdi , 1998 ; Raddy 1984)

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

9,8 mth . , (Alghamdi 1988 ; Reddy 1984) . mth :

LR .

11 . :

.

( R ) :

EMBED Equation.3

13 12 :

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

.

(11) , (15) , (14) . (Alghamdi ; 1998)

, , . ( 3) . 6 . (Alghamdi 1996 , Reddy 1984 ; Zinkiewicz , Taylor 1973) (7) . ( PLANE FRAME ) 3 3 ( TRIDIMENSIONAL ) : Z IPLS .

( FEM , DTM ) , . : E=210 Gpa v-0.3 . (I) 3 , II DTM . FEM , DTM TII . TV .

:

1) . (I) .

2) , ( ) .

3) . II .

4) II 3 . 4 ( II ) . . .

5) 5 ( II ) 4 .

6) (FEM , DTM) 3 , TII TV .

TII ( ) Cup . DTM . TV . . FEM ( IPLS ) . FEM DTM , ( III) DTM (7) , n . ( DTM ) .

:

12th . DTM . . DTM . ( ) . 3 . .

DTM (FEM) .

DTM ( ) FEM ( )

PAGE 13

_1199681463.unknown

_1199682669.unknown

_1199683395.unknown

_1199684184.unknown

_1199684980.unknown

_1199685782.unknown

_1199685932.unknown

_1199686011.unknown

_1199686161.unknown

_1199686329.unknown

_1199686026.unknown

_1199685991.unknown

_1199685869.unknown

_1199685908.unknown

_1199685846.unknown

_1199685523.unknown

_1199685540.unknown

_1199685395.unknown

_1199684735.unknown

_1199684872.unknown

_1199684970.unknown

_1199684863.unknown

_1199684413.unknown

_1199684700.unknown

_1199684369.unknown

_1199683997.unknown

_1199684165.unknown

_1199684175.unknown

_1199684080.unknown

_1199684147.unknown

_1199683703.unknown

_1199683982.unknown

_1199683492.unknown

_1199682917.unknown

_1199683269.unknown

_1199683335.unknown

_1199683363.unknown

_1199683306.unknown

_1199683139.unknown

_1199683155.unknown

_1199682938.unknown

_1199682773.unknown

_1199682813.unknown

_1199682864.unknown

_1199682796.unknown

_1199682760.unknown

_1199682764.unknown

_1199682683.unknown

_1199682099.unknown

_1199682255.unknown

_1199682405.unknown

_1199682655.unknown

_1199682266.unknown

_1199682228.unknown

_1199682240.unknown

_1199682198.unknown

_1199681774.unknown

_1199681886.unknown

_1199681987.unknown

_1199681817.unknown

_1199681563.unknown

_1199681744.unknown

_1199681562.unknown

_1199681561.unknown

_1199678557.unknown

_1199678780.unknown

_1199681194.unknown

_1199681392.unknown

_1199681400.unknown

_1199681267.unknown

_1199680923.unknown

_1199681140.unknown

_1199680891.unknown

_1199678630.unknown

_1199678671.unknown

_1199678761.unknown

_1199678657.unknown

_1199678613.unknown

_1199678624.unknown

_1199678578.unknown

_1199678352.unknown

_1199678423.unknown

_1199678514.unknown

_1199678548.unknown

_1199678448.unknown

_1199678390.unknown

_1199678409.unknown

_1199678378.unknown

_1199678218.unknown

_1199678263.unknown

_1199678293.unknown

_1199678231.unknown

_1199678109.unknown

_1199678136.unknown

_1199678047.unknown