胎膜与胎盘
DESCRIPTION
胎膜与胎盘. 受 分裂 胎 儿 卵黄囊 精 尿囊 卵 分化 胎膜 羊膜 脐带 绒毛膜. A 第 7 周. B 第 4 月. C 第 4 月. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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胎膜与胎盘胎膜与胎盘
受 分裂 胎 儿 卵黄囊 精 尿囊 卵 分化 胎膜 羊膜 脐带 绒毛膜
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胎儿、胎膜、胎盘及其与子宫的关系
A 第 7 周 B 第 4月
C 第 4 月
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羊膜胚盘
卵黄囊
绒毛膜
体蒂
体蒂
胚体尿囊
卵黄囊
羊膜
绒毛膜
脐带
平滑绒毛膜
羊膜
胚体尿囊卵黄囊丛密绒毛膜
胎膜
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绒毛膜滋养层 + 胚外中胚层丛密绒毛膜 ( + 子宫底蜕膜 胎盘)平滑绒毛膜 ( 与子宫包蜕膜相邻)初级绒毛干 次级绒毛干 三级绒毛干绒毛膜上绒毛变性 水泡状胎块 (葡萄胎)
一、胎 膜一、胎 膜
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羊膜胚盘
卵黄囊
绒毛膜
体蒂
体蒂
胚体尿囊
卵黄囊
羊膜
绒毛膜
脐带
平滑绒毛膜
羊膜
胚体尿囊卵黄囊丛密绒毛膜
胎膜
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绒毛干的发生
A 初级绒毛干 B 次级绒毛干 C 三级绒毛干
细胞滋养层 胚胎毛细血管绒毛间隙胚外中胚层合体滋养层
子宫蜕膜 蜕膜血管
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羊膜囊 羊膜上皮 + 胚外中胚层羊膜腔内充满羊水
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羊膜胚盘
卵黄囊
绒毛膜
体蒂
体蒂
胚体尿囊
卵黄囊
羊膜
绒毛膜
脐带
平滑绒毛膜
羊膜
胚体尿囊卵黄囊丛密绒毛膜
胎膜
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卵黄囊
内胚层 + 胚外中胚层卵黄囊顶的内胚层 原始消化管 ( Meckel 憩室) 内胚层 原始生殖细胞 脏壁中胚层 血岛 ( 造血干细胞 )
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羊膜胚盘
卵黄囊
绒毛膜
体蒂
体蒂
胚体尿囊
卵黄囊
羊膜
绒毛膜
脐带
平滑绒毛膜
羊膜
胚体尿囊卵黄囊丛密绒毛膜
胎膜
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尿囊
内胚层 + 胚外中胚层卵黄囊顶部尾端向体蒂长出的一条
盲管尿囊血管 脐血管
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羊膜胚盘
卵黄囊
绒毛膜
体蒂
体蒂
胚体尿囊
卵黄囊
羊膜
绒毛膜
脐带
平滑绒毛膜
羊膜
胚体尿囊卵黄囊丛密绒毛膜
胎膜
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脐带 胎儿脐部与胎盘间的索条状结构 由羊膜包绕体蒂、尿囊、卵黄管而成
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羊膜胚盘
卵黄囊
绒毛膜
体蒂
体蒂
胚体尿囊
卵黄囊
羊膜
绒毛膜
脐带
平滑绒毛膜
羊膜
胚体尿囊卵黄囊丛密绒毛膜
胎膜
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二、胎盘
胎儿面 丛密绒毛膜 胎盘 母体面 底蜕膜 圆盘状,是胎儿和母体之间进行物质交换
的重要结构,并具有重要的屏障和内分泌作用。
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胎盘结构与血液循环模式图血流方向:↑富含营养与 O2 的血,↑
含代谢废物与 CO2 的血
脐动脉脐静脉 绒毛干 羊膜
平滑绒毛膜壁蜕膜胎盘隔
子宫肌层 子宫螺旋动脉子宫静脉 细胞滋养层壳基蜕膜
脐带
绒毛间隙
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胎盘的血液循环
胎血: 脐动脉 绒毛内毛细血管 脐静脉
母血: 螺旋动脉 绒毛间隙 子宫静脉
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胎盘膜(胎盘屏障) 母 体 营养物质 O2
合体滋养层 细胞滋养层及其基膜 绒毛结缔组织 绒毛毛细血管基膜及内皮 代谢产物 CO2
胎 儿
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功能1 、 物质交换2 、 保护作用3 、分泌激素 (合体滋养层) 绒毛膜促性腺激素( HCG ) 绒毛膜催乳素( HCS ) 孕激素( HPP ) 雌激素 ( HPE )
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五、双胎,多胎和联胎五、双胎,多胎和联胎 双胎 单卵双胎 一个卵裂球分为两个胚泡 一个胚泡内出现两个内细胞群
一个胚盘上出现两个原条
双卵双胎
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双卵孪生 单卵孪生
卵裂球分离
内细胞群分离
原条分离
胎盘胎盘
羊膜囊 羊膜囊
双胎形成机制
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多胎 单卵 多卵 混合性
联胎 单卵双胎时一个胚盘上出现 两个原条后分离不完全
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胸腹联胎臀联胎
头联胎 寄生胎
联胎种类
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先天性畸形先天性畸形
遗传因素
染色体畸变
基因突变
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环境因素
生物致畸:病毒,弓形体和螺旋体 理化致畸:放射线和重金属、农药等 药物致畸:反应停致肢体畸形 其它因子:酗酒和吸烟
致畸敏感期 第 3——9 周
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■ 致畸敏感度高,■ 致畸敏感度低
人胚胎主要器官的致畸敏感期
外生殖器外生殖器腭腭牙牙
唇唇下肢下肢
耳耳眼眼
心脏心脏中枢神经系统中枢神经系统
胚胎发育时期(周,受精龄)8765 3820121094321
上肢上肢
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无脑儿 短肢畸形 (上、下肢 ) 脊柱裂 先天性髋关节脱位脑积水 畸形足腭裂 多指与并指 (趾 )全部唇裂 血管瘤先天性心血管病 色素痣食管闭锁及狭窄 唐氏综合征直肠及肛门闭锁 幽门肥大内脏外翻 膈疝尿道上、下裂
我国监测的 19种先天畸形
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