虚拟语气有多种形式，下列不同情形需用不同的虚拟形式：

一、状语从句中的虚拟形式 if, even if / though; as if / though; in ord

er / so that / lest二、名词性从句中的虚拟形式 1. 宾语从句； 2. 同位语和表语从句； 3.

主语从句三、定语从句中的虚拟形式 It is high time that sb. did sth.四、简单句中的虚拟形式

1. If, even if / though

2. as if / though

3. If only

4. In order / so that / lest

if 引导的虚拟条件句

If + 主 + did(were), 主 +would/should/could/might

+ 动词原形

If I were you, I would try it again.

If he were free, he would go with you.

1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。

2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。

3. 如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。

If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.

与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句

If + 主 +had done sth, 主 +would/should/could/might

+ 动词完成式（ have done ）

If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.

1. 如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。

If he had been there, he could have seen the film

If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.

3. 要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。

2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。

与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 (通常有时间状语 )

If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.

If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.

1. 如果他明天来的话 ,我会告诉他这件事 .

2. 如果他明天来的话 ,我会告诉他 .

If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主 +would/should/

could/might + 动词原形

条件从句和主句中的虚拟语气形式一览

时间 从句形式 主句形式

与现在事实现在事实相反

If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (be-were)…

主语 +should / would / could/ might+ 动词原形

与过去事实过去事实相反

If+ 主语 +had +过去分词

主语 +should / would/ could/might + have+ 过去分词

与将来事实相反

If+ 主 +did / w

ere to do / (sh

ould) do

主语 +should / would

/ could/ might+ 动词原形

If 主从句时间不一致的混用情形：1 ） if he ______ harder, he ______ tomorrow’s exam. A. had studied; would have passed B. studied; will pass C. had studied; would pass; D. studied; would have passed2) ----I have great difficulty working out this problem. ----_____ to me, you _____ less difficulty with such

problems. A. If you had listened, would have had B. If you listened, would have C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have

(1) with, without, but for 等的介词短语或者非谓语动词短语替代 if 从句

1) Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

2) But for the gravity of the earth, we would fly in the sky instead of walking now.

3) We could have done better under more favorable conditions(=if we had been under more favorable conditions) 。

4 ）

If 从句的几种变形

1. Alone (=if he had been alone), he would have been terrified.

2. Born in better times (=If he had been born in better times), he would have done credit to the profession of letters.

3. To hear him talk (=If one heard him talk), one would take him for a fool. 假如有人听到他谈论，准会当他是个傻瓜。

4. It would have been wiser to have stayed (=if you had stayed). 如果你当时留了下来，那就比较明智了。

(2) but, otherwise / or ， and ， only 等连接陈述语气代替 if 从句1 ） He came late, otherwise he _______ the first bus. A. caught B. would catch C. would have caught D. had caught2 ） I would have informed her if possible, but I _______ so busy. A. were B. had been C. was D. would be3 ） ----Did you do it well? ----Yes. But I _______ it well without you timely help. A. had done B. hadn’t done C. would have done D. wouldn’t have done4) Five minutes earlier, and we _____ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. caught D. could have caught

5. Another moment, and he would have been gone (=If another moment had passed, he would have been gone.). 再晚一点，他就完了。6. I would have gone, only that you obje

cted (=if you had not objected). 要不是你我反对，我早就走了。7. He said he would have done, only yo

u treated him so off-hand (=if you had not treated him so off-hand). 他原本打算要做的，只是因为你对他太不在意了。

(3) 省略 if 后的倒装形式：如果条件状语中有 were, had, should 时 , 可以去掉 if 倒装成： Were / Should / Had + 主 +其他

Were I you, I would try it again.

Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.

Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.

If I were you, I would try it again.

If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.

If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.

2. Even if / though ， unless 和相当于 if 的连词等引导的状语从句 ( 其主从句的虚拟形式与 if 复合句的虚拟情形完全相同）

1) He would do what he thought of ____ there were nobody in favour of him.

A. as if B. if only C. as though D even if2) Unless the storm (should) abate at once (=If

the storm did not stop at once), it would be impossible to rescue the two lost men.

3) Suppose (=If) you were given a chance to study in American, would you accept it?

5. 在由 for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的表示 “惟恐”的意思状语从句中 , 用 “ sho

uld + 动词原形” .

1) He handled the instrument with care for fe

ar that it ____________ damaged (be)

2) I was afraid lest the kid (should) fall down t

he staircase.

3) The driver looked over the engine carefully

lest it (should) go wrong.

(should) be

1) He can use the bike on condition that (=if) he should return it tomorrow. 2) In case (=if) it should rain, don’t expect me.3 ） The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _______ himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure4 ）

3. as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句( 虚拟形式与 only if 相同）

1 ） He pretends as if he _____________ the thing at all,

but in fact he knows it very well.

2 ） The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though

he __________ back to time 20 years ago.

3 ） They talked and talked as if they _______________ a

gain. 4) We felt as if we _________each other for years. A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have knowing

didn’t know

had gonewould never meet

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________.

A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken

C

The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _______ a young man.

A. is B. will be C. am D. were

D

The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _______rain.

A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would

A

4. if only 引导的条件状语从句和简单句

1 ） If only it would stop snowing!

2) Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed my teacher’s advice.

3) If only I knew it now!

4) If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.

if only 和 only if

▲ if only 是 if 的一种强调形式，用来引导真实或非真实条件从句，也可以单独用，意为“如果 / 只要…… ( 就 ) ……” ，“如果……就好了”。如：If only it clears up, we’ll go.

只要天放晴，我们就走。☆ 有时把 if 和 only 分开用。如：If she would only come! 但愿她能来。

▲ only if 是用 only 来强调一个 if 从句，表达一种惟一条件，意为“只有…… ( 才…… ) 。如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.

只有闹钟响了我才会醒。I told him he would succeed only if he trie

d hard. 我告诉他只有努力才能成功。

☆ only if 也可分开用。如：I will only come home if you come with me.

= I will come home only if you come with m

e.

只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。 ☆ only if 在句首时，主句要倒装。如：

Only if I get a job will I have enough money

to go to school.

我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。

If you __________tomorrow, you _________find the new manager working in the office.

A. should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; might

A

If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.

A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived

C

I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

D

If my lawyer _______here last Sunday, he _______ me from going .

A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

A

If he _________he ___________that food.

Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not have taken

B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken

D. would have been warned; had not taken

B

If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child__________.

A. wouldn’t be lying there for two hours

B. wouldn’t have laid there for two hours

C. wouldn’t have lied there for two hours

D. wouldn’t have lain there for two hours

D

If you had told me in advance, I __________him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had meetC. would have met D. would have meet

C

If there were nor subjunctive mood, English _____much easier.

A. Will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be

D

_________the exam, he would have attend a college.

A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass

B

_______five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.

A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive

C

________it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.

A. Were B. should C. would D. will

B

1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, require, request, demand, ask, desire would rather / prefer2. 同位语从句和表语从句中的虚拟语气 order, advice, suggestion, request, desire,demand, requirement3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 It is important / essential / necessary that… It is suggested / advised / advisable that…

Wish 宾语从句中的虚拟形式

I wish I remembered the address now.

I wish he had not left.

I wish it would rain tomorrow.

wish + thatsb. did/were sth. 虚拟现在事实sb. had done sth. 虚拟过去事实 sb. would / might /would do sth. 虚拟将来事实

wish 后面的宾语从句有三种虚拟语气形式

Exercises:

“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I _______.”

A. had B. did C. have D. will

A

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there.

A. was B. were C. had been D. went

C

I wish I _________ you yesterday.

A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

C

The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I___________to it.

A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t goneC. didn’t go D. could not have gone

A

How I wish I __________that! Everybody present was angry with me.

A. didn’t go B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing

B

-----He is a brave man.-----Yes, I wish I _________his courage.

A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have

B

Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how.

A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach

D

2. would rather / prefer 的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

A ）从句动作先于主句动词动作用 had + 过去分词 )

B) 从句动作与主句动作同时发生或后于主句动词动作 用过去时 , be 为 were ）

或 should + 动词原形　

I’d rather you ___ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave It’s high time that we ___ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go ---I’ll pay you by cheque monthly. ---I’d rather you ____ me cash weekly. A. pay B. will pay C. are to pay D. paid

3. 一、 insist, 二、 order, command, 四、suggest, propose, advise, recommend,

五、 ask, demand, request, desire,

require etc. 引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以 (should) + v 原的形式出现。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his

homework first.

The captain commanded that all the sailors

( should ) get down to work at once.

以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v 原 . 的形式出现。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home

first before coming here.

His request that his cost ( should ) be paid

by the hour is completely reasonable.

1. It’s suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that … 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v 原 . 的形式出现。2. It is necessary / natural / unfair / strange / important / essential+ that… 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形， should 可省略。3. It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that… 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词可用 should 加动词原形 , should 可省略。

1 ） It’s suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed,

commanded, requested, desired, insisted,

required ) that … 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v 原 . 的形式出现。

It’s ordered that only German ( should ) be

taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. It’s requested that all the students ( should )

wear school uniforms at school.

1. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o’clock at night.

A. were not played B. not to play

C. not be played D. did not play

2. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.

A. is not started B. will not be started

C. not be started D. is not to be started

3.

2 ）在 It is necessary / natural / unfair / strange /

important / essential+ that… 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形， should

可省略。 1. It is necessary that we _____________ a walk

now. (have)

2. It was essential that the application forms ____

___________ back before the deadline. (send)

(should) have

(should) be sent

3. It was necessary that we ____________

everything ready ahead of time. (make)

4. It is required that nobody _____________

here. (smoke)

5. It is important that we _________.

A. shall close the window before we leave

B. will close the window before we leave

C. must close the window before we leave

D. close the window before we leave

(should) smoke

(should) make

3 ）在 It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that

… 结构中的主语从句的谓语动词可用 shou

ld 加动词原形 , should 可省略。1. It's a pity that you ________________ to go

so soon. (have)

2. ----He has been working hard for weeks.

----No wonder that he (should) pass / has pas

sed the exam.

(should) have

It is required that you ____ at six.

A. will arrive B. arrive

C. arrived D. would arrive

It is really strange that the girl ___ so

early.

A. has been married B. has married

C. be married D. would marry

It is strange that such a thing ___ in

your school.

A. will happen B. happens

C. should happen D. happened

It is important that I ___ with Mr.

Williams immediately.

A. speak B. spoke

C. will speak D. to speak

四、简单句中的虚拟语气1. Would you please lend me a

hand?2. Long live our friendship!3. May you be happy every da

y!4. If only he were here now!5.

1. A Chinese (=if he were a Chinese, he) would not do it. 这种事中国人是做不出来的。2. Your refusal to come (=if you should refuse to come, you) might give offence. 你要是不来，会得罪人的。3. A close observer (=if he had been close, the observer) would have noticed it. 一个缌的观察者，早就会注意到这个了。

五、定语从句中的虚拟语气1. It’s high time we ______ our attention t

o this problem. A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn2. Anybody who (If anybody) had ventured to i

nsult me in that way would have been criticized on the spot.

3. A bank manager whose judgment was bad (=If his judgment were bad, a bank manager) would very soon get his bank into difficulties.