生物相容性反应
DESCRIPTION
生物相容性反应. 魏强 2009.12.12. http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/crbgrp/. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~dplb0149/index.html. http://www.udel.edu/chem/fox/. http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/carell/. http://www.scripps.edu/chem/sharpless/. http://raolab.stanford.edu/. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
生物相容性反应
魏强2009.12.12
http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/crbgrp/
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~dplb0149/index.html http://www.udel.edu/chem/fox/
http://www.cup.uni-muenchen.de/oc/carell/
http://raolab.stanford.edu/http://www.scripps.edu/chem/sharpless/
http://www.chemistry.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/lin/
http://cmir.mgh.harvard.edu/fac/faculty/about/85
http://www.chem.ucsb.edu/~bodegroup/index.php
http://www.ncmls.nl/NCMLS/MenuStructures/PI/theme3/FlorisRutjes.asphttp://userpage.chemie.fu-berlin.de/~hackenbe/01home.htm
生物相容性反应的条件 反应速度快 无需辅助试剂,无副产物或副产物无害 不与生物体内靶标外的大量官能团反应 可以耐受新陈代谢 反应温度约 37°C, pH 6-8 对空气、水份不敏感
醛酮成腙、肟
OHOHO
HOHN
OH
O
O
ManLev
Metabolic conversionto unnatural sialic acid
O
OH
HOO
O
OH
HOOH
CO2-
O
HOO
O
OH
HOOH
O
CO2-
Cell
Incorporation intoglycoconjugate
Hydrazone formation withuniquely reactive ketone
O
HOO
N
OH
HOOH
O
CO2-
CellNH
OFuctional group
经过代谢过程每个细胞可以接种上约 1.8×106 个非天然唾液酸
R1 R2
O
H2N
HN R3
O
+EtOH or Water heat N
HN R3
OR2
R1
acetic acid
N
HN NH2
OR2
R1Wolff Reduction(1912)
Martti Tolvanen and Carl G. GahmbergJ. BIO. CHEM. 261 1986 , 9546
O
CH2OH
OH
OHOH
OH
OH
CH2OH
OOHOH
OH
NH2NH2
-H2O
OH
CH2OH
NNH2
OHOH
OH
O
CH2OH
NHNH2
OHOH
OH
Carolyn R. BertozziSCIENCE 276 1997, 1125-1128 ( 276s1125.pdf )
Carolyn R. BertozziTHE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 273, 1998 31168–31179, (273jbc31168.pdf)
细胞表面寡糖的官能化
Carolyn R. Bertozzii THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 274, 1999 21878–21884, ( 274jbc21878.pdf )
醛酮成腙、肟反应的局限性
1. 需要弱酸性条件( pH = 5-6 ),不能在大多数生物组织内反应只能在特殊的细胞、细胞表面或体外反应);2. 受生物体内原有醛酮的影响;3. 受羰基可以存在的位置的影响(一般存在于细胞外环境和细胞表面)。
生物相容的官能团叠氮叠氮化合物的特点:1. 几乎不存在于生物体中;2. 略微的亲电性,不与硬亲和试剂反应;3. 基本上不与水反应;4. 有抗氧化能力;5. 只有三个原子。
对叠氮化合物的误区 : 1. 热稳定性差; 2. 见光分解; 3. 有毒。
staudinger reaction
图:经典的 staudinger反应
但由于磷试剂易被氧化,最只要的是此反应速率非常慢,所以此反应应用与生物分子的标记有一定的限制,因此如何加快此反应的速
率问题决定了它在生物标记的应用。
P + N3R P N3R P NR + N2
R' PPh2
OR''
O
R N3+
-N2 R' P+
OR''
O
PhPh
N-
R
-R''OH
R' P+
O
Ph Ph
N R
H2O
R' PPh2
NHR
O
phosphine azideaza-ylide
amide-linkedligation product
H. Staudinger and J. Meyer Helv. Chim. Acta. 2, 635(1919)Y. G. Gololobov and L. F. Kasukhin, Tetrahedron 48, 1353(1992)
Carolyn R. Bertozzi SCIENCE 287 2000 , 2007-2010
Eliana Saxon and Carolyn R. Bertozzi*SCIENCE VOL 287 17 MARCH 2000, 2007-2010 ( Cell Surface Engineering by a modified staudinger reation.pdf)
Roger Y. TsienScience 281, 269 (1998)
最早将荧光基团标记活体细胞的例子:
Carolyn R. Bertozzi,PNAS 2002,99,19
Carolyn R. Bertozzi,NATURE 430 2004, 873-877 ( nature02791.pdf )
Chemical remodelling of cell surfaces in living animals
Carolyn R. Bertozzi
ChemBioChem 2004, 5, 371 – 374 (5chembiochem371.pdf)Carolyn R. Bertozzi
J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2007, 129, 8400-8401 ( ja070238o.pdf )
Carolyn R. BertozziAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2394 –2397 ( anie200704847.pdf)
OO OH
N
O
N
O
PPh2
O
O
N
N
N
NO2
1
AcO
AcOAcO
OAcHN
O
N3
Ac4ManAz
Raphael M. Franzini and Eric T. KoolJ.AM.CHEM.SOC.2009,131,16021-16023
Staudinger 反应的范围和限制
非生物的无毒化合物,叠氮和三芳基膦可以在 pH 约为 7 的条件下反应形成目标产物
限制:三芳基膦易被氧化限制了此反应的应用范围。空气及体内的酶都可以将三芳基膦氧化。
Christian P. R. HackenbergerChem. Commun., 2008, 2932–2934Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, ASAP (acie-asap)
R1
N3+ P(OR2)3
-N2PN
OR2
OR2
OR2
R1
PN
OR2
OR2
OR2
R1
H2O-R2OH
PHN
OR2
OR2
O
R1
Staudinger-phosphite reaction
Cu-Catalyzed Huisgen reaction
C.W. Tornoe, C. Christensen, M. Meldal, J. Org. Chem.2002, 67, 3057 V. V. Rostovtsev, L. G. Green, V. V. Fokin, K. B. Sharpless,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2596
OS
RO
O N3Li, CuCl
Minor
OS
RO
O
HNN N
N3
low yield
Lábbé, G. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 93, 1984 579-592
Pd(0) or Pd(II)complexs
LnPd(0)
LnPd(II)
R1
X
LnPd(II)
R1
R2
R1
R2
R1 X R2
Cu
CuX
H R2
[amine base]H+X-
+amine base
oxidationaddition
transmetallation
reductiveelimination
Sonogashira, K Tetrahedron Lett.1975, 16, 4467-4470.
O
N N+ N-
+ N NN
O
98oC, neat
18h
Huisgen, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2 ,1963 565–598. Huisgen, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2 ,1963 633–645. R. Huisgen in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry (Ed.: A.Padwa), Wiley, New York, 1984, pp. 1 – 176
Valery V. Fokin, and Guochen JiaJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2005, 127, 15998-15999
Ronald T. RainesJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2007, 129, 12670-12671
Valery V. FokinOrg. Lett., 9, 2007 5337-5339
某些配体的加入可提高铜催化 Huisgen 反应的速率和选择性。
K. Barry Sharpless, and Valery V. FokinOrg. Lett., Vol. 6, No. 17, 2004 , 2853-2855
David A. TirrellJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2003, 125, 11164-11165
Click chemistry 在细胞中的应用:
Benjamin F. CravattJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2003, 125, 4686-4687Chemistry & Biology, 11, 2004 535–546
Chi-Huey WongPNAS 15, 2006 103 12371–12376
由 Huisgen 反应生成的五元环有时不仅可起到连接作用,而且还可以促进荧光基团发光。
Christian P. R. Hackenberger and Dirk SchwarzerAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 10030 – 10074
Valery V. Fokin, K. Barry Sharpless and James R. HeathAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 4944 –4948
Click chemistry 在蛋白质的应用:
原位制备类抗体蛋白
Thomas CarellAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8350 – 8358Org. Lett., 10 , 2008 249-251Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3442 –3444
Click chemistry 在 DNA 中的应用:
Click chemistry 的优缺点:
优点: 1. 叠氮,端炔罕见于生物体内; 2. 反应速度较快(在细胞溶菌液中的速度是 staudinger ligation 反应的 25 倍); 3. 反应有很好的区域选择性,没有背景标记。缺点: 1. 非 Cu 催化的 Huisgen 反应需要加压或加热,不适于生物相容性反应; 2. 端炔在生物体内可以反应,不能实现生物正交反应; 3. Cu 对细胞是有毒性的。
Strain-Promoted Huisgen reaction
OCOOH
O COOH
COOH
F
COOH
H
F
F
OCOOH C. R. Bertozzi,
J. Am. Chem.Soc. 2004, 126, 15046ACS Chem. Biol. 2006, 1, 644Chembiochem 2004, 5, 637.PNAS 2007 104,16793.J. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2008, 130, 11486–1493
1.0 ( 0.0012M-1s-1 )
0.5
1.8
0.5
31.8 ( 0.076M-1s-1 )
Staudinger ligation : 0.0025M-1s-1 Cu catalyst click : 0.0625M-1s-1 ( not in vivo )
环张力 huisgen 反应
优点:室温,无催化,无毒。(环张力释放的 18kcal/mol 的大于成环所需的能量)缺点:反应速度慢
反应速率有所提高
R N3R'
strain promoted NN
N
RR'
Br Br
OH
MeO
O
Br
OMeO
O
+
3eq AgClO4
Tol
1. 2eq NaOMe, DMSO2. 10eq LiOH, 20% H2O/Dioxane
O
HO
O
F3C OPfp
O
1.
Pyr
2. 4, Et3N
NH
OH2N
S
NH
HN
H
HOO
3
4
NH
O
S
NH
HN
H
HOO
3
O
HN
O
C. R. Bertozzi, J. Am. Chem.Soc. 2004, 126, 15046
Geert-Jan BoonsAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2253 –2255
HO
TBSCl, pyridine
TBSO
Br2, CHCl3
HO
Br Br
LDA, THF
HO
O
O
Cl
NO2
pyridine OO
O
NO2H2N
ONH
O S
HN
NH
O3 4
DMF, Et3N ONH
O S
HN
NH
O3 4
ONH
O
ONH
O S
HN
NH
O3 4N
HO
Ph2P
O
MeO
ONH
O S
HN
NH
O3 4
ONH
O
Carolyn R. BertozziOrg. Lett., 10, 2008 3097-3099(ol801141k.pdf)
另外本文也给出了含炔八元环的合成方法,见下图。
Carolyn R. BertozziNATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY 25 2007 , 1483-1487PNAS 2007 104 16793–16797
Carolyn R. Bertozzi320 SCIENCE , 2008 664-667
In Vivo Imaging of Membrane-Associated Glycans in Developing Zebrafish
Floris P. J. T. Rutjes ChemBioChem 2008, 9, 1805 – 1815
Floris P. J. T. Rutjes ChemBioChem 2007, 8, 1504 – 1508
O
CF3
OO
O
CF3
OO
BnN3, MeOD25oC, 14h N
N
NBn
CF3
COOEt
NN
NBn
COOEt
CF3
+ O
NN
NR3
O
R1
R2
+N3 R3
NN
N R3
R1 R2
O
R1
R2
O R1
R2
N
N
N
R3
N
N N
R3
OO
R2
R1
path Apath B
另一种环张力促进的 huisgen 反应:
Photoactivated Huisgen reaction
Qing LinAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2832 –2835
NN
NN
Ar1
Ar2hv
-N2
Ar1 N+ N- Ar2
nitrile imine
Z
Y
NNAr1
Ar2
ZY
Photoactivated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reation between a 2,5-diaryl tetrazole and substituted alkene dipolarophile
NH2Lyso
(250M)Lysom/z=14304
NN
NN
O
O
NNaO3S
O
O1.25mM
100mM NaH2PO4, 25mM NaOAc,pH 8.5, RT, 3h
NN
NN
HN
O
Lyso
(7M)Lyso-Tetm/z=14552
NH2
O350M
PBS, pH 7.5, RT2min 302nm
NN
HN
O
Lyso
Lyso-Pyrm/z=14595
NH2
O
J. S. Clovis, A. Eckell, R. Huisgen, R. Sustmann, Chem. Ber. 1967, 100, 60.
Qing LinJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2008, 130, 9654–9655
Qing LinOrg. Lett., Vol. 9, No. 21, 2007 4155-4158Qing LinOrg. Lett., Vol. 10, No. 17, 2008 3725-3728
N N
NN +
R3
R4
302nm
NN
R2
R3
R1,R2=OMe, Cl, Br, CO2H, NMe2R3, R4=CO2Me. CN, CONHPh, CHO, Ph, alkyl
R1R2
R1R2
MeO
O
N NN
NNR2
+R'
R
R'
365nm
MeO
O
NN
NR2
R' R'R
R=H, MeR'=CO2Me. CN, CONHPh, Ar
Other Huisgen reaction
这里作者使用了另一类生成 N , O杂环的 Huisgen反应,并提供了其所选底物的合成方法。
Thomas CarellOrg. Lett., 11, 2009 , 2405-2408
HR1
R2 N+ O-
R1
O
N
R2
HH R1
ON
HR2
exo-1,4-product exo-1,5-product
+
Diels-Alder reaction 2008年 ScottA.Hilderbrand课题组通过使用四氮烯类化合物来做二烯体进行了活细胞的标记,无论是产率,选择性,还是速率都非常高。
NH2
N
N N
N
+CO2H -N2
CO2H
HNN
NH2
S. A. Hilderbrand Bioconjugate Chem. 2008, 19, 2297 – 2299.
约 1.9 M-1 s-1
Fast and Sensitive Pretargeted Labeling of Cancer Cells through a Tetrazine/trans-Cyclooctene Cycloaddition
Scott A .Hilderbrand Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7013 –7016
6000±200 M-1 s-1
J. M. Fox, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,130, 2008 13518 – 13519.
N N
NNR R
NN
NN
R
R -N2
R=Ph or N
N
N
H
H
R
R
NH
N
R
R
HH
5
+
N
N
N N
N
N
5
N
N
H
HNH
N
N
N
N
N
100% conv after 40 min at 25oC at 5M~quantitative yield with k2= 2000M-1s-1
successful reactivity in organic solvent, water, cell media or cell lysateN2 is the only byproduct
The thiol-ene reaction
历史最早的 thiol-ene
T. Posner, Chem. Ber. 1905, 38, 646 – 657.
Horst KunzAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5226 –5230
Alessandro DondoniAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8995 – 8997
Benjamin G. DavisAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7798 –7802
Thiyl Glycosylation of Olefinic Proteins: S-Linked Glycoconjugate Synthesis
Benjamin G. DavisJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2008, 130, 5052–5053
Cross-Metathesis Application to Site-Selective Protein Modification
Benjamin G. DavisJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2008, 130, 9642–9643Chem. Commun., 2009, 3714–3716ChemBioChem 2009, 10, 959 – 969
Benjamin G. DavisChemBioChem 2009, 10, 959 – 969
Benjamin G. DavisJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2009, 131, 16346–16347
Protein Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling
Pd catalyst 50 eqboronic acid 500eq
Conversion >95%LnPd(0)
LnPd(II)
R2
X
R2 Xoxidationaddition
LnPd(II)
R2
OR
L(n-1)Pd(II)
R2
R1
R1-R2
R1 BR2 + M+(-OR)
organoborane base
R1 BR2
OR
borate
L + RO BR2
OR
M+(-OR)
M+(-X)
reductiveelimination
transmetallation
Suzuki cross coupling
Jianghong Rao Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009 ASAP
O OHO
CO2H
HN
O
HN
NH
ON
SCN
FITC-CBT
S
NHHNHN
O
O
O
H H
32
HN
ON
S CN
biotin-CBT
O NEt2Et2N
SO3-
S
HN
O
HN
OO
O N
SCN4
rhodamine-CBT
N
SHO
CN +H2N
OH
O
HSPBS
pH 7.4 N
SHO
N
S
OH
O
H2N
HN
O
HS
protein
PBS
pH 7.4
N
SCN
F
HN
Oprotein
S
NN
SF
E. H. White, F. McCapra, G. F. Field, W. D. McElroy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 2402.
Labeling of Terminal Cysteine Residues on Proteins
Chemoselective Amide Ligations
Jeffrey W. BodeAngew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 1248 –1252
Jeffrey W. BodeJ. AM. CHEM. SOC. 2006, 128, 1452-1453
R1
O
OH
ONH
R2HO+-H2O, -CO2
DMF, 40oC0.2-0.01 M
R1
O
NH
R2
R1
O
OH
O
+DMF, 40oC
OHN
R2
OMe
OMe
OR1
O
NH
R2 O
O
OMe