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Journal of Health Systems Research Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009

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Abstract Epidemiology of Injuries and Deaths Caused by Road Traffic Accidents in ThailandSangchom Siripanich, Kanjanee Dumnakeaw, Auyporn KumwongsaBureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health

Road traffic injuries are a significant problem in developed and developing countries. The trend ofmortality owing to traffic accidents is increasing in Thailand. The objective of this descriptive study is todescribe the trend and characteristics of risky behavior related to road traffic injuries in Thailand duringthe period 1998-2007. The study was conducted by using and analyzing data from the national injurysurveillance database within 28 sentinels, these were reported during the period 1998-2007.

The results show that the proportion of road traffic injuries was the highest of all injuries (51.6%).The percentage of injuries in the age groups between 15 and 24 years was the highest (33.29%). Most ofthe injuries occurred among laborers and student groups (35.0% and 20.1%); 75.7 percent of them weremotorcycle injuries and tended to increase. The highest incidence of injury occurred during the eveningbetween 6 and 8 o’clock (37.7-40.2%). The most severely traumatized parts of the body were the head andneck (29.3%). The percentage of alcohol use while driving was 36.4 percent and it was highly used in theage group 20-29 years (40.1%). The high-risk behavior occurred over the New Year holidays and duringthe Thai new year (Songkhran festival) during the months of December-January and April. Further, thedrivers and riders had not used seatbelts and helmets while driving and riding . Only 13 percent usedhelmets and 18.6 percent used seatbelts. Those injured were referred by a relative or others in 56.2 of thecases; only 10.4 percent were referred by EMS, although the tendency is increasing.

This study identified the problem of injuries, especially motorcycle injury in younger persons, whichtends to increase every year. The higher fatality rate may relate to risk behavior involving alcohol use, notwearing a helmet, or using seatbelts and driving at high speed. Traffic accident prevention requires thatdrivers be educated and that the laws be enforced in the high-risk group (mainly younger men).

Key words: injuries, road traffic accidents

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®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ˜ı.ˆ˜ ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ

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- Ò˜.ı˘ π.√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.¯ - Û.Ò˜ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù).

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≈– Ú˘.Û, °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫À≈“¬ à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ò˜.Úı,

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¢π àß ®”·π°μ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß ®”·π°μ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫

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∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

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μ“¡‡«≈“‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı

∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

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‚¥¬‰¡à «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑° (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ).

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°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Òı-Ò˘ ªï √âÕ¬≈– ÒÙ.Úı (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜).

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(√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯)

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∑’Ë ÿ¥.

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ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫∂Ÿ°π” àß‚√ßæ¬“∫“≈®“°∑’Ë ‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ

Ú¯Û,ˆ˘˘ √“¬§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÛ.Ùı, àßμàÕ¡“®“° ∂“π

æ¬“∫“≈Õ◊ËπÊ ÛÚ,Û˜ı √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ù˘.ˆ), ‰¡à¡’ºŸâπ” àß

¯,ıÚ˜ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ò.ÛÒ) ·≈–‰¡à∑√“∫«à“¡’ºŸâπ” àßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à

Ù,Û¯Ò √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ò¯). ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë¡’ºŸâπ” àß

‰¥â·°à °“√π” àß‚¥¬≠“μ‘À√◊ÕºŸâ‡ÀÁπ‡Àμÿ°“√≥å Òı˘,ÙÚ¯ √“¬

(√âÕ¬≈– ıˆ.Ú), ‚¥¬¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ ̄ ˘,ÛÙˆ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ÛÒ.Ù˘),

‚¥¬Àπà«¬∫√‘°“√©ÿ°‡©‘π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å Ú˘,Ûˆ˜ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–

Ò.Ûı), ·≈–‚¥¬μ”√«® ı,ıı¯ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ò.˘ˆ) ‡ªìπμâπ.

°“√π” àßºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫‰ª ∂“πæ¬“∫“≈‚¥¬Àπà«¬∫√‘°“√©ÿ°‡©‘π

¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ. °“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫¢≥–π” àß®“° ∂“π

æ¬“∫“≈Õ◊Ëπ¡’°“√¥Ÿ·≈∂Ÿ°μâÕß√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú.ˆ˘ ·≈–°“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâ

∫“¥‡®Á∫¢≥–π” àß®“°∑’Ë‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ ¡’°“√¥Ÿ·≈∂Ÿ°μâÕß√âÕ¬≈–

¯¯.˜¯.

«‘®“√≥å

°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ„πª√–‡∑»

‰∑¬ „π™à«ß æ.». ÚıÙÒ-Úıı æ∫«à“¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·≈–

√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ®”π«π·≈–§à“√âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ë∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡

‡§√◊ËÕß¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ®”·π°μ“¡‡¥◊Õπ‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ æ.».

ÚıÙÒ-Úıı

∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

ˆÛ

๙.๐๓ ๘.๕๓๘.๕๖๙.๖๐

๗.๐๔๗.๒๖ ๗.๕๐ ๖.๙๘ ๖.๙๐๘.๕๕

๘.๙๗๑๑.๑๐

๐

๕,๐๐๐

๑๐,๐๐๐

๑๕,๐๐๐

๒๐,๐๐๐

๒๕,๐๐๐

เดือน

จํานวน

๐.๐๐

๒.๐๐

๔.๐๐

๖.๐๐

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๑๒.๐๐รอยละ

ม.ค. ก.พ. มี.ค. เม.ย. พ.ค. มิ.ย. ก.ค. ส.ค. ก.ย. ต.ค. พ.ย. ธ.ค.จาํนวน รอยละ

«“√ “√«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù μ§.-∏§. ÚııÚ

604

‡ªìπ “‡Àμÿ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μÕ—π¥—∫·√°¢Õß°“√∫“¥

‡®Á∫®“°∑ÿ° “‡Àμÿ ‚¥¬æ∫‡©≈’Ë¬ªï≈– ˆı,Ú˘¯ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–

ıÒ.ˆ) ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°∑ÿ° “‡Àμÿ ·≈– —¥ à«π°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ

√âÕ¬≈– ˆÚ.ˆ¯-˜.ı ¢Õß°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑ÿ°

“‡Àμÿ. Õ—μ√“°“√ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ú-˘.˜ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫

Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ„π¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà√âÕ¬≈– ¯ˆ.ı. ºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ¡’μ—Èß

·μà·√°§≈Õ¥∂÷ß ̆ ˘ ªï. Õ—μ√“ à«π‡æ»À≠‘ßμàÕ‡æ»™“¬ ‡∑à“°—∫

Ò:Û. °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë∫“¥‡®Á∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ Õ“¬ÿ Òı-Ú˘ ªï √âÕ¬≈– ÙÙ.¯

·≈–Õ“¬ÿμË”°«à“ Òı ªï√âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ.˜ ‡ªìπºŸâ„™â·√ßß“π√âÕ¬≈–

Ûı. ·≈–∑’Ëπà“ π„®·≈–§«√„Àâ§«“¡ ”§—≠ §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Ú.˜

‡ªìπ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π·≈–π—°»÷°…“.

°“√æ‘®“√≥“ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ¢π àßμ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ºŸâ

„™â¬“πæ“Àπ– æ∫‡©≈’Ë¬√âÕ¬≈– ˆÚ.ı ‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë. ·π«‚πâ¡

¢Õß°“√‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®“° æ.». ÚıÙÒ √âÕ¬≈– ˆı.˘

‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ̃ Ú.˘ „π æ.». Úıı ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠ °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Ò-

ÒÙ ªï ‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå Ÿß

¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.ˆ ·≈–¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π °“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π·≈–

“¡≈âÕ„π‡¥Á°·≈–ºŸâ ŸßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫ ¬—ß§ß¡’√“¬ß“π‡™àπ°—π.

°“√‚¥¬ “√√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå ·≈–√∂°√–∫– À√◊Õ√∂μŸâ ¡’

—¥ à«π¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√âÕ¬≈– ˆÒ.˘ ·≈– Ú.ı μ“¡≈”¥—∫

´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“æ“Àπ–Õ◊Ëπ.

°“√‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ„π™à«ß‡«≈“‡¬Áπ Ÿß ÿ¥ Ò¯.-ÚÛ.ı˘ π.

√âÕ¬≈– Û˜.˜-Ù.Ú Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ„π«—π‡ “√å·≈–Õ“∑‘μ¬å√âÕ¬≈–

Òˆ.; ‡¥◊Õπ∏—π«“§¡ μ≈Õ¥™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à ‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’

°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ (√âÕ¬≈– ˘.ÛÒ) ·μà°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥

„π‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π ‡∑»°“≈ ß°√“πμå √âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯ ·≈–°“√

‡ ’¬™’«‘μ„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’ªí®®—¬°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕß¥◊Ë¡

·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¡“°°«à“™à«ßÕ◊ËπÊ ·≈–°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ

à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ°“√™π√âÕ¬≈– ıı.˜Û ·≈–√∂≈â¡

§«Ë”Àß“¬ μ°∂ππ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÚ.Ú ‚¥¬¡’º≈μàÕÕ«—¬«– ”§—≠

¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ §◊Õ »’√…– ·≈–§Õ √âÕ¬≈– Û ¢Õß∑ÿ°Õ«—¬«–∑’Ë

‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫.

æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¬—ß‡ªìπªí®®—¬

‡ ’Ë¬ßÕÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°°“√¢π àß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–

„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à·≈– ß°√“πμå. Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áμ“¡ —¥ à«π

°“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·≈–∫“¥‡®Á∫≈¥≈ß„π™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“‡¥◊Õπ

°√°Æ“§¡ ∂÷ßμâπ‡¥◊Õπμÿ≈“§¡ ́ ÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«à“ ™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“

¡’°“√≈¥/‡«âπ°“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å μ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’¥—Èß‡¥‘¡¢Õß°“√

ªØ‘∫—μ‘μπμ“¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈¥—ß°≈à“«.

°“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂ “∏“√≥– √∂√—∫®â“ß √∂°√–∫– √∂μŸâ √à«¡°—∫

°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å √âÕ¬≈– Û˘.¯ ‡ªìπ “‡Àμÿ„Àâ

‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—μ‘‡ÀμÿÀ¡Ÿà À√◊Õ°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ¢Õß§π®”π«π¡“° ‚¥¬

‡©æ“–√∂°√–∫– √∂μŸâÀ√◊Õ√∂‚¥¬ “√¢π“¥„À≠à. ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈

°“√ Õ∫ «π‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—μ‘‡ÀμÿÀ¡Ÿà æ.». ÚıÙ˘ æ∫«à“¡’ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫

®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ ˆˆˆ √“¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ò˜Û √“¬ ‡ªìπ√∂

‚¥¬ “√√âÕ¬≈– Ù¯., √∂°√–∫–√âÕ¬≈– ÚÙ., √∂‰ø™π

√∂¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.Ò ‚¥¬°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ

®“°√∂°√–∫–√âÕ¬≈– ÙÒ.ˆ Õ—μ√“ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ùı ‚¥¬¡’

“‡Àμÿ®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕß¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ(Ò) ¥—ßπ—Èπ

°“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√‡¢â¡ß«¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ °—∫ºŸâ¢—∫¢’ËÀ√◊ÕºŸâ∫√‘°“√

√∂ “∏“√≥– §«√¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß¡“°¢÷Èπ.

®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–

‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ∑’Ë¬—ß¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–

°“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå„π°≈ÿà¡‡¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â

ªØ‘∫—μ‘μ“¡°Æ®√“®√ ·≈–¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ ’Ë¬ßμàÕ°“√‡°‘¥

Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ Ÿß. °“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√‡™‘ß√ÿ° ·≈–°“√°”°—∫¥â“π

°ÆÀ¡“¬ μ≈Õ¥®π°“√„Àâ§«“¡√Ÿâ ‡æ◊ËÕ§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√¢—∫¢’Ë

¬—ß§ßμâÕß¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß‡¢â¡ß«¥·≈–μàÕ‡π◊ËÕß¡“°¢÷Èπ

®–™à«¬≈¥‚Õ°“ ‡ ’Ë¬ßμàÕ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ∫π∑âÕß∂ππ

‰¥â.

°‘μμ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»

‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ Ú¯ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬®—ßÀ«—¥,

”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√ √â“ß‡ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ ( .) ·≈–

¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·Ààß™“μ‘ (¡ ™.) ·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë°≈ÿà¡ß“π

√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“‚√§‰¡àμ‘¥μàÕ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ ‰¥â„Àâ‚Õ°“

·≈–§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√¥”‡π‘π«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È®π·≈â«‡ √Á®.


‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Ò. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π

‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß‚√§ª√–®”ªï

ÚıÙ˘.

Ú. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π

‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß‚√§ª√–®”ªï

Úıı.

Û. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√

„™â·∫∫∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘. °√ÿß‡∑æ: ÚıÙˆ.

Ù. °“≠®π’¬å ¥”π“§·°â«. √–∫“¥«‘∑¬“°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ

¢π àß „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ÚıÙÚ-ÚıÙ˜. «“√ “√°√¡°“√·æ∑¬å

ÚıÙ˜;˜:ÙÒÒ-ÚÒ.

ı. ¬Õ¥æ≈ ∏π“∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å. ªí®®—¬‡ ’Ë¬ßμàÕÕÿ∫—μ‘‡Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ. ∂“π°“√≥å

ÿ¢¿“æ‰∑¬ ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√, «√ ªï∑’Ë Ú ©∫—∫∑’Ë

Ò, ¡’π“§¡ ÚıÙ˘.

ˆ. Guraraj G. Road traffic deaths, injuries and disabilities Interven-

tion systems, data availabilities, needs and application. Department

of Epidemiology, WHO Collaboration Center of Injury Prevention

and Safety Promotion. Bangalore 560029.

˜. Shinji N, Witaya C, Masao I. Temporal distribution of motorcy-

clist injuries and risk of fatalities in relation to age, helmet use,

and riding while intoxicated in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Accident

Analysis and Prevention 2005;37:833-42. Available from: URL:

http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal. Accessed August 3,

2008.

¯. ‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å ÿ√‘¬æß»å‰æ»“≈, ¡™—¬ °“≠®π ÿμ. Injuries in Thailand:

trend, selected, underlying determinants and status of intervention.

Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2003;10:95-104. Available

from: URL: http//www.stroke.chop.uk./journal/17457300. Accessed

August 3, 2008.

˘. Vira K, Tamu V, The role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle

crashed. Accident Analysis and Prevention 2005;37:357-60. Avail-

able from:URL: http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal. Ac-

cessed July 22,2008.

Ò. ¬Õ¥æ≈ ∏π“∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å, ∏‡πμ√ ‡ ∂’¬√π“¡. Traffic Accident in Thai-

land. J Eastern Asia Soc Transport Res 2005;20:88-100.

ˆı

วิทยาการระบาดการบาดเจ็บและเสียชีวิตจากอุบัติเหตุจราจรทางถนนในประเทศไทย...

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