(57) }udrfajrmuf vgwfvyfa&ae@wgif tzgj@cskyfawmif;qdk · (57) }udrfajrmuf vgwfvyfa&ae@wgif...

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trSwf (58)áááááowif;pOf (2)

jrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onfjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onf Zefe0g&D/ 2005 ckESpf

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áááááowif;pOf (3)trSwf (58)

Zefe0g&D/ 2005 ckESpf jre frmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onjrefrmEd ki fi H vGwfvyfonf howif;at*si fp Dr S xkwfa0onf

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDonf ,ae@umv 'Drdkua&pDa&;wkdufyGJ}uD;. rD;¶+;wefaqmifjzpfonfhwyfOD;tvHudkiftzGJ@}uD;vnf;jzpfonf1998 ckESpf pufwifbm(16)&ufae@wGif usif;yaom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðy

aumfrwD.yxrtpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; æ

(1) 1990 jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJOya't& a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&onfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk tjcm;rnfonfhOya'enf;Oya'trdef@tm%mrsm;jzifhvnf;aumif;/rdrdwdk@qEN t&vnf;aumif;/ E_wfxGufjcif;rsm;ESifh xkwfy,fjcif;rsm;udk rnfolurSðyvkyfEdkifjcif;r&Sda=umif; æ?

(2) jynfol@v$wfawmfOuUÏtjzpf a'gufwmOD;apmjratmif &cdkif'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfOuUÏ/ &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufOD;òrd@e,f rJqENe,ftrSwf (1)tm; a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufvdkufa=umif; æ?

(3) v$wfawmf.oufwrf;udk trsm;jynfolwkd@uvufcHEdkif+yD; 'Drdkua&pDrlrsm;ESifhukdufnDaom zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'w&yfudk Tv$wfawmfu twnfðyjyÏmef;+yD;

onfhtcsdeftxd owfrSwfa=umif; æ?(4) EdkifiH. EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;tp&Sdonfh taxGaxGtusyftwnf;rsm;udk jynfol@v$wfawmfuom aqmif&Guf

ay;Edkifonfa=umifh atmufygtzGJ@rsm;. v$wfawmfac:,lay;a&;udpPESifywfoufI awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk TaumfrwDu txl;av;eufpGm axmufcHóudqdka=umif; æ?

jynfol@v$wfawmfud k,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu e0w§etzxkwfjyefonf h Oya'rsm;/ trdef @rsm;ynfol@v$wfawmfud k,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu e0w§etzxkwfjyefonf h Oya'rsm;/ trdef @rsm;ynfol@v$wfawmfud k,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu e0w§etzxkwfjyefonf h Oya'rsm;/ trdef @rsm;ynfol@v$wfawmfud k,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu e0w§etzxkwfjyefonf h Oya'rsm;/ trdef @rsm;ynfol@v$wfawmfud k,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu e0w§etzxkwfjyefonf h Oya'rsm;/ trdef @rsm;w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmcJ honf?w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmcJ honf?w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmcJ honf?w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmcJ honf?w&m;r0ifa=umif; a=unmcJ honf?

1988 ckESpf pufwifbm(18)&ufae@rSpI xkwfjyefcJhonfh Oya'rsm;/ enf;Oya'/ pnf;urf;Oya'/ trdef@a=unmcsufrsm;onfjynfol@v$wfawmftwnfrðyonfh w&m;r0ifa=umif; æ

» » » usaemf 'Dae@EdkifiHawmftm%mudk,lxm;wJhtcgrSm usaemfvkyfcsifwm rsm;w,fqdkwmudk rjzpfap&bl;? usaemfpnf;eJ@pepfeJ@vkyfoGm;w,fqdkwmudk usaemf v$wfawmfudk v$wfawmfay:vm&if a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;&if usaemfv$wfawmfudkwifjyr,f » » »

(rSwfcsuf? 1989 ckESpfZlvdkifv(5)&ufae@u e0w OuUÏ. ajym=um;csufrS æ)

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu wifjyonfh zG J @pnf;tkyfcsKyfyk HtajccH Oya'a&;qGJ&mwGifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu wifjyonfh zG J @pnf;tkyfcsKyfyk HtajccH Oya'a&;qGJ&mwGifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu wifjyonfh zG J @pnf;tkyfcsKyfyk HtajccH Oya'a&;qGJ&mwGifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu wifjyonfh zG J @pnf;tkyfcsKyfyk HtajccH Oya'a&;qGJ&mwGifjynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDu wifjyonfh zG J @pnf;tkyfcsKyfyk HtajccH Oya'a&;qGJ&mwGifyg0ifoif honfh tcsuftvufrsm; æyg0ifoif honfh tcsuftvufrsm; æyg0ifoif honfh tcsuftvufrsm; æyg0ifoif honfh tcsuftvufrsm; æyg0ifoif honfh tcsuftvufrsm; æ

tem*wfjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGif æ æ1? tjynfht0qkH; 'Drdkua&pDtajccHrsm;udk usifhokH;&rnf?2? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;.ukd,fykdifjyÏmef;cGifhESifh udk,fh=urRmudk,fzefwD;cGifhudk todtrSwfðy&rnf?3? rnfonfhvlrsKd;udkrS txl;tcGifhta&;ay;jcif; r&Sdap&?4? wef;wl&nfwl jynfaxmifpkrljzifh aygif;pnf;&rnf?5?vlrsKd;aygif;pk Haexdkifaom EdkifiHwEdkifiHjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm udk,fyd kifjyÏmef; cGif h&S daomjynfe,frsm;wGif

udk,fydkiftkyftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'orsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;txl; a'orsm;udk zGJ@pnf;ay;oifhayonf?tem*wfjrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif jrefrmEdkifiH. 1947-ckESpf zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfykH

tajccHOya'.tm;enf;csufrsm;ESifh EdkifiHtcsKd@. jynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;ykHpepfrsm;udkavhvm+yD; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. vuf&Sdtajctaersm;ESif hudkufnDatmif a&;qGJ&efvdkygonf? Todk@a&;qGJ&efrSmvnf;wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pkHyg0ifonfh 'Drdkua&pDus+yD; yGifhvif;aom (yifvkHuJhokd@) trsKd;om;nDvmcHwGif aqG;aEG;nd‡E_dif;+yD;tajccHoabmwlnDcsufudk qkH;jzwf&,loihfayonf? ,ckwifjyonfh zGJ@tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya'a&; qGJ&mwGif yg0ifoifhonfhtcsuftvufrsm;rSm avhvmaqG;aEG;&eftwGuf wifjyjcif; omjzpf+yD; tao;pdwfwifjy&efr&nf&G,fyg?

(jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD. “jrefrmEdkifiHvlrsKd;pkjy±emESifhtem*wf jynfaxmifpkta&;pmwrf;rS æ ) Ð

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDonfwkdif;jynfESihfjynfoltm;vkH; (tm;vkH;)twGuf tusKd;ðyvkyfief;rsm;udk jynfol@v$wfawmfay:vmonfhtcg (ay:aygufvm&rnfvnf;jzpfygonf) tqifoifhaqmif&GufoGm;Ekdif&eftwGuf &kd;om;ajzmifhrwfjzLpifpGm jynfolvlxk. axmufcHr_jzifh udk,ftm;&Sdor# m%ftm;&Sdor#aqmif&GufoGm;rnfudk oEMdÏmefðyxm;yga=umif; æ?

atmifa&$OuUÏ

jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

jynfol@v$wfawmfatmifjrifpGmac:,l+yD;v$wfawmfpnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifhtnD vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&rnfh tajctae ra&mufEdkifao;onfhtcsdefumvtwGif;/ rnfonfhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frS rdrdqENt&aomfvnf;aumif;/ tjcm;;yk*~dKvfrsm;/tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.qENt& cdkif;apcsuft&aomfvnf;aumif;/ v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS rE_wfxGufEdkifyg? rnfolrnfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;urSvnf; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk v$wfawmfrac:,lrDumvtwGif; ukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSy,fzsufIr&Edkifyg? jynfolu a&G;cs,f

rnfodk@yifjzpfap a&G;aumufyGJwGiftEdkif&cJh=uonfh EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;taeESifhjynfolvlxkuay;tyfcJhaomwm0efukdOD;vnfrokHaqmif&GufoGm;rnf[k oEMdÏmefcs xm;+yD;jzpfonfESifhtnD [email protected] atmifjrifpGmtaumiftxnfazmfEdkif a&;twGuf 16/ 9/ 1998 &ufae@wGif jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDudkw&m; 0ifzGJ@pnf;vdkuf&jcif;jzpfayonf?

at;omatmiftwGif;a&;rª;jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;ðyaumfrwD

v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDtm; 0dkif;&H=uvlxkwdkufyGJqifE$J=u

'Drdkua&pDta&;awmfykH atmif&rnf

wifajr‡mufxm;aom jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfol@v$wfawmfay:aygufa&;udk wpdkufrwfrwfaqmif&Gufae =u&rnfomjzpfygonf? Todk@aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh jynfoltay: opPmapmifhpnf;a=umif; jyo&ygw,f?

a':atmifqef;pk=unftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf

jynfhol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwD tzGJ@0ifrsm;



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wdkudkzdtm;ay;ðzwfcsEdkifcJh 2000 ckESpfrSmtar&dutay: a,bk,soabmxm;aumufcH&mrSm tif'dkeD;&Sm;EkdifiHom; 75&mcdkifE_ef;[m taumif;jrifr_&SdcJh+yD; tckawmh 'DaxmufcHr_pm&if;Z,m;awG[m15&mcdkifE_ef;xdawmif xdk;usoGm;cJhygw,f?

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rpPwmbk&SftaeeJ@ qlemrDab;qdk;

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‘usaemfwdk@[m trsm;qHk;xnfh‘usaemfwdk@[m trsm;qHk;xnfh‘usaemfwdk@[m trsm;qHk;xnfh‘usaemfwdk@[m trsm;qHk;xnfh‘usaemfwdk@[m trsm;qHk;xnfh0ifwJh tvª&Sifyg? 'gayr,fh b,fol0ifwJh tvª&Sifyg? 'gayr,fh b,fol0ifwJh tvª&Sifyg? 'gayr,fh b,fol0ifwJh tvª&Sifyg? 'gayr,fh b,fol0ifwJh tvª&Sifyg? 'gayr,fh b,folurS usaemfwdk@udk taumif;rjrif=uurS usaemfwdk@udk taumif;rjrif=uurS usaemfwdk@udk taumif;rjrif=uurS usaemfwdk@udk taumif;rjrif=uurS usaemfwdk@udk taumif;rjrif=ubl;?’bl;?’bl;?’bl;?’bl;?’ EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wdk;wufa&;at*sifpD ,ltufpfattdkif'D&J@ !$ef=um;a&;rª;tif'\l;ewfpD;a,mh rSwfcsufay;wmyg?vGefcJhwJhESpftwGuf a':vm ESpf'±rav;bDvD,Hudk tar&dueftpdk;&u ab;'kuQrsm;u,fq,fa&;twGuf &HyHkaiGxnfhcJh+yD;'g[m wurBmvHk;uxnfh0ifwJh &HyHkaiG&J@av;q,f&mcdkifE_ef;eJ@ wlnDaeygw,f?

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atmifudk atmifudk atmifudk atmifudk atmifudk (Beyond Rangoon)

atmifukd(Beyond Rangoon)

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Ð AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. vrf;!$efr_(7) csuf/

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Ð 1990 ck/ NLD/UNLD Adkvfatmif

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Ð CRPP . (53)ESpfajrmuf jynfaxmifpkae@txdrf;trSwf/ wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;. jynfaxmifpkoabmw&m;rsm;pmtkyf?

Ð CRPP. jrefrmEdkifiHvlrsdK;pk jy±emESifh tem*wfjynfaxmifpkta&;?

Ð ENSCC Policy Paper (New

Panglong Initiative)Ð WLB Constitution

1947 umvrsm;twGif; jynfaxmifpkudk pwifzGJ@pnf;cJh=uonfh jynfaxmifpkzcif}uD;rsm;. jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;r_qdkif&m atmufygoabmxm;rsm;udk tem*wf jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;r_qdkif&m vrf;!Gefoabmxm;rsm;tjzpf rdrdwdk@rStav;teufcH,lygonf?

1? Sovereignty Power EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%m?

EdkifiHawmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%m[lor#wdk@onf jynfolvlxkwdk@xHrS qif;oufap&rnf?

2? Voluntary Association vGwfvyfaomoabmqENESifhtnD yl;aygif;yg0ifvmjcif;?

wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wkdif;. vGwfvyfaomoabmqENt&om jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0iftjzpf yl;aygif;yg0ifEdkifcGifh&Sdap&rnf?

3? Equality wef;wltcGifhta&;?wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdkif;onf EdkifiH

a&;t&jzpfap/ vlrsdK;a&;t&jzpfap wef;wl&nfwl tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf?

4? Self-determination udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh tcGifhta&;?

wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;wdkif;onf EdkifiHa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ,Of

aus;r_ ponfhu¾toD;oD;wGif udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh tcGifhta&;tjynfht0&Sdap&rnf?

5? Federal Principles zuf'&,f tajccHrlrsm;?

v$wfawmfESpf&yfxm;&Sda&;tygt0ifudk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhtjynfht0&Sdaom jynfe,frsm;jzifh jynfaxmifpkudkzGJ@pnf;&rnf?

6? Minority Right vlenf;pktcGifhta&;?

jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,frsm;twGif;aexdkif=uaom wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf vHkavmufaomtumtuG,frsm; jyXmef;ay;&rnf?

7? Democracy, Human Rights and

Gender Equality 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;/tajccHvl@ tcGifhta&;ESifh usm;rqdkif&mwef;wlnDr#r_?

vdifuGJjym;r_udktajccHaom cGJjcm;qufqHr_rsm;r&Sdaponfh tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,fjyXmef;ay;&rnf?

8? Secular State

bmoma&;udktajcrcHaom EdkifiHawmf jzpfap&rnf?

9? Multi Party Democracy Sys-

tem ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDpepf?tem*wf 'Drdku&ufwpf zuf'&,f

jynfaxmifpkwGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfudkusifoHk;rnf?

10? Secession Right cGJxGufydkifcGifhtcGifhta&;?

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Stop ServicetzGJ@[k ac:a0:oHk;pGJonf[kod&onf?

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1? Sovereignty Power EdkifiHawmftcsKyftcsmtm%m?

EdkifiHawmf. tcsKyftjcmtm%m[lor#wdk@onf jynfolvlxkwdk@xHrS qif;oufap&rnf?

2? Equality wef;wltcGifhta&;?wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdkif;onf EdkifiH

a&;t&jzpfap/ vlrsdK;a&;t&jzpfap wef;wl&nfwl tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf?

3? Self-determination udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh tcGifhta&;?

wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wdkif;onf EdkifiHa&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_ ponfhu¾toD;oD;wGif udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhtcGifhta&; tjynfht0&Sdap&rnf?

4? Federal Principles zuf'&,f tajccHrlrsm;?

v$wfawmfESpf&yfxm;&Sda&;tygt0ifudk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh tjynfht0&Sdaom jynfe,frsm;jzifh jynfaxmifpkudk zGJ@pnf;&rnf?

5? Minority Right vlenf;pktcGifhta&;

jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,frsm;twGif;aexdkif=uaom wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;twGuf vHkavmufaom tumtuG,frsm; jyXmef;ay;&rnf?

6? Democracy, Human Rights and

Gender Equality 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;/tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;ESifh usm;rqdkif&mwef;wlnDr#r_?

vdifuGJjym;r_udktajccHaom cGJjcm;qufqHr_rsm;r&Sdaponfh tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,fjyXmef;ay;&rnf?

7? Secular State

bmoma&;udktajcrcHaom EdkifiHawmfjzpfap&rnf?

8? Multi Party Democracy Sys-

tem ygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDpepf?tem*wf 'Drdku&ufwpf zuf'&,f

jynfaxmifpkwGif ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfudkusifhoHk;rnf?

tem*wfzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zGJ@

pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGiftajccHxm;&Sd&rnfh vrf;!GeftajccHrlrsm;(rl=urf;)udk EdkifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ vlr_a&;tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ EdkifiHa&;orm;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ EdkifiHwumynm&Sifrsm;yg0ifaom ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ}uD;udkr=umrD usif;yðyvkyfoGm;+yD; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ}uD;u oabmwl&&Sdxm;aom jynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;r_qdkif&mxm;&Sd&rnfh tajccHrltcsufrsm;udk ygwDwckcsif;tvdkuf/jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;csif;tvdkuf/ oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;oGm;&ef&Sda=umif; od&onf? ,if;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ}uD;u zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'a&;qGJa&; aumfrwDwckudkvnf; zGJ@pnf;oGm;&ef tpDtpOf&Sda=umif; od&Sd&onf?

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(1)‘awmifilc\dkif KNU tajccHa'orSm

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w&m;[m bmvJ?tJ'DtwGuf tjypfrJhwJhjynfolawG

b,favmuf/ b,ftxdaoay;=u&OD;rSmvJ?

usaemfwdk@ jynfolawG&JŒb0awGb,fae@xd tysufcH=u&OD;rSmvJ?

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(5)vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; vydkif;twGif;rSmyJ

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zqyv y%mrjyifqifr_nDvmcHrSmAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u tckvdkajym=um;cJhygw,f?

“usaemfwdk@ Armjynfopf}uD;udkwnfaxmifawmh jynfaxmifpkoabmwnfaxmifrvm;? vlrsKd;}uD;wrsKd;wnf;qdkwJh Unitary wdkif;jynfrsKd;wnfaxmif

rvm;qdkwJh ar;cGef;udk ajzvdkw,f? usaemhftjrift&qdk&ifawmh vlrsKd;a&;t& &oifh&xdkufwJh tcGifhta&;rsKd;awGudkvnf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfay;+yD;awmh vlrsKd;}uD;wrsKd;wnf;qdkwJh Unitary EdkifiHrsKd;awmhrjzpfbl;? jynfaxmifpkoabm rsKd;jzpf&rSmyJ”

'gayr,fh vufawG@rSm AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; ar#mfrSef;cJhoavmuf jzpfcJh&J@vm;?AdkvfcsKyfcsjycJhwJh vrf;!$efcsuf (7)csuftwdkif; uGufwdjzpfcJhygovm;?

'Drdkua&pDqdwfokOf; ætrsKd;om;awG&J@ wef;wlr_awG uif;

rJhvmwmeJ@tr#/ jynfwGif;ppf[m onf;oefonfxuf onf;oefvmcJhygw,f? 'gudkb,fvdk ukpm;=urvJ?

yif?ordkif;trSm;awGudk ausmif;oHk;

jyÏmef;?ouf&Sdordkif;awGvdk@ ajymEdkifavmuf

wJh a&S@rDaemufrD yk*~dKvf}uD;awGudk trsKd;rsKd;uef@owf?

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(6)“Federal qdkwm[m cGJxGufa&;r

[kwfygbl;? usrwdk@tm;vHk;od+yD;om;yJ?cGJxGufa&;r[kwfbl;qdkwm usrwdk@ vufcHygw,f? 'gayr,fh Federal qdkwm trsKd;rsKd;&Sdygw,f? Federal qdkwm Central Gov-

ernment (A[dktpkd;&)eJ@ Local Govern-

usaemfh&ifxJrSmpGJaewJh uAsmq&marmifatmifyGifh&J@ uAsmwydkif;wpyg? q&m[m rJe,fawmifwef;wcGifwjyif c&D;jyif;ESifwJhumvqDu vrf;wav#mufrSmawmif\kd;;uav;awGudk awG@w,f? "Ekuav;awGudkvnf; awG@w,f? 'DvdkyJyavmif/ ytdk@0f/ &Srf;/ tif;om;uav;awGudkvnf; awG@cJh&ygowJh? tJ'Duav;awG&J@wifyg;rSmrnf;jymjymtuGufuav;awGudkawG@&wJhtcgrSm/ &efukefrSm/ ykodrfrSm/ rEWav;rSm/ ysOf;rem;rSmawG@&wJhArmuav;awG&Jh wifyg;rSmawG@&wwfwJh rnf;jymjymtuGufuav;awGeJ@ wax&mwnf;wlaewm owdxm;rdygowJh? q&mu usaemfhudk 'Dvdkajymjyygw,f?

“tJ'g usaemfwdk@tm;vHk;aqGrsKd;awG

ydk;cJh&wJh usaemfwdk@aoG;csif;awG?tESpfrygwJh ‘wdkif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;

nD!Gwfa&;’ aºu;a=umfoHtwGuf [efaqmifyefaqmif ‘jynfaxmifpkae@tcrf;tem;’rSm0wfqifEdkifzdk@ 0wfpHkcsnf;oufouf &efukefudkydk@ay;vdkuf&wJh ta=umif;qdkwm æ

b,fvdkrSra[mif;EdkifwJh ouf&SdyHkjyifawG jzpfaeqJyg?

(8)ppftkyfpk[m ‘wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;

nD!Gwfa&;’twkvkyfw,f? ‘jynfaxmifpkae@’twkvkyfw,f?

ppftkyfpk[m twkvkyfwJhae&mrSmawmh pGmrSpGm? jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJawmif twkvkyfvdkufao;w,f?

1963-64 rSm wcg?1980-81 rSmwcg?vufeufcscdkif;wm/ ygwDzsufcdkif;wm/

wyfzsufcdkif;wm/ vGwfajrmufa'ozsufcdkif;wmawGudk +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfwmvdk@ emrnfwyfcJhwmyg?

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vufeufawGudk tJ'Dpk&yfawGxJrSmyJpkxm;&r,f?

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ygwDudk zsufvdkufyg? EkdifiHa&;vkyfcsif&if rqvygwDrSm wOD;csif;0ifvkyfyg?

wyfudk zsufvdkufyg? ppftkyfpk&JhwyfrSmwOD;csif;0if+yD; tr_xrf;yg?

vGwfajrmufe,fajrudk zsufvdkufyg/aumifpDtqifhqifhu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufyGJvkyfzdk@ rJqENe,fajrawGtjzpfowfrSwfvdkufygqdkwmrsKd;awG awmif;qdkvmcJhygw,f? awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkrsm;u 'gawGudkomvufcHvdkuf&if +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG;wmr[kwfawmhbJ vufeufcswmjzpfoGm;awmhrSm taotcsmyg?b,fawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkua&m 'Dawmif;qdkcsufawGudk vdkufavsmEkdifrSmwJhvJ?

'ga=umifhvnf; 1963 aqG;aEG;yGJvnf;ysuf/ 1980 aqG;aEG;yGJvnf; t&mrxifjzpfcJh&wmyg?

(9)bmudkyJvkyfvkyf pdwfapwemrSefzdk@ vdk

ygw,f? pdwfapwemrSefrSefeJ@ vkyf=ur,fqdk&ifawmif tajr‡mftjrif&Sd&SdeJ@ awmfawmfudk tcsdef,l+yD;vkyf=u&rSmyg?

ordkif;eJ@csD+yD; emcJh&wJhtemqdkwmOHKzGavmufeJ@ b,fvdkrSoufom roGm;Edkifygbl;?

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm pJGuyfvmwJha&m*gudkorm;aumif;wdk@&J@pdwfxm;eJ@ ESpfaygif;

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tJ'DrSmwif æ‘'g[m jynfaxmifpkppfppfrl (z,f'&,frl)r[kwfbl;? 'g[mjynfaxmifpkòyduGJa&;rl jzpfw,f’ qdk+yD;ppftkyfpku wHqdyfuyfvdkufw,f? pOf;pOf;pm;pm; wifjyaqG;aEG;cJh=uoltm;vHk;udkvnf; jynfaxmifpkudkòzdcGJolvdk@ pGyfpGJvdkufygw,f? wòydifeufwnf;rSm Adkvfae0if;acgif;aqmifwJhppftkyfpk[m EdkifiHawmftm%mudk &,lodrf;ydkufvdkuf+yD; a&G;aumufyGJEdkif yxptpkd;&udk tusOf;axmifxJ ydk@ypfvdkufygawmhw,f?

ydkqdk;wmu z,f'&,fqdkwmudk cGJxGufa&;vdk@ ZGwftwif;bmomjyef+yD;pum;vHk;udkyg rudkif&J/ rwG,f&J/ vufrcH&Jatmif tajrmuftrsm;wdkufcJh/ vdrfnm0g'jzef@cJhwmyg?

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UNLD (jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf)eJ@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;wJhyGJrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfu ajymqdkvdkufwmyg?

trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf[mwdkif;&if;om; (21)ygwDpkpnf;xm;wJhUNLD eJ@ 1990 =o*kwfv (29)&ufrSmyJyl;wGJ+yD; Adkvfatmifausmfvrf; yl;wGJa=unmcsufudk xkwfjyefEdkifcJhygw,f?

(7)“a&mufav&mt&yfu(awmif\dk;/ "Ek/ yavmif/ytdk@0f/ &Srf;/ tif;om;)0rf;vsm;xdk;puav;rsm;&J@ wifyg;rnf;jyma&mif tuGuftuGufrEk±rsdK;EG,fwl oauFwusaemfwdk@uav;awG wifyg;eJ@b,frSm uGmjcm;vdk@vJ?”

yJqdkwm jyaewmyJAs/ rJe,fawmifay:uuav;av;wifyg;rSm&SdwJh trJuGufuav;[m i0efjrpfurf;ab;rSm arG;wJhusaemfhom; armif}uD;+idrf;csrf;&J@ wifyg;rSm&SdwJhtrJuGufuav;eJ@ twlwlyJ? usaemfwdk@tm;vHkk; aqGrsKd;awGAsm/ ckawmh æ”

q&m[m +idrf;csrf;a&;udk wrf;wrf;ww awGawGai;ai;eJ@ [dk;ta0;qDudkar#mf=unfhaew,f? q&mhrsuf0ef;xJrSmbmawG&SdaervJ?

“0efrSefor# ausmydk;udk,fu [wfxdk;vJvk a&S@a&mufajcaxmufawGaemufu vdkufcJhayawmhajcaxmufa&S@u udk,fudk,fa&S@u0wfpHkcsnf; tcGHc&D;vGefoGm;yHk,Hkcsif,Hkr,Hkcsif ae&pfyavap”?pepfqdk;}uD;&J@'%f tcH&qHk;/ ppftkyf

pk&J@'%f tcH&qHk;/ ordkif;eJ@csDwJh cg;onf;r_awGudk [wfxdk;vJrwwf weifhwydk;ausm pmrsufESm(15)aumfvH (3)okd@æ

ZGefr+dif;

q&m[m rJe,fawmifwef;wcGifwjyif c&D;jyif;ESifwJhumvqDuvrf;wav#mufrSm awmif¶kd;uav;awGudkawG@w,f? "Ekuav;awGudkvnf;awG@w,f? 'DvdkyJ yavmif/ ytdk@0f/ &Srf;/tif;om;uav;awGudkvnf; awG@cJh&ygowJh? tJ'Duav;awG&J@wifyg;rSm æ

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International Herald Tribune

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(57) }udrfajrmuf vgwfvyfa&ae@wgif tzgj@cskyfawmif;qdk · (57) }udrfajrmuf vgwfvyfa&ae@wgif...

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