Universidad Técnica de Ambato

Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludMedicina 1er Nivel “B”

Evelin Villacís LópezEmpleo de Ntic´sIng. Alex Valarezo

Lunes, 13 de Junio del 2011.

HEMOFILIA

Enfermedad hereditaria caracterizada por la incapacidad de la sangre para formar coágulos. La enfermedad está causada por la ausencia de determinadas proteínas de la sangre, llamadas factores, que participan en el fenómeno de la coagulación. La forma más común, hemofilia A, la padecen un 80% de los hemofílicos, y está originada por un déficit del factor VIII. En la segunda forma más común, la hemofilia B (enfermedad de Christmas), existe un déficit del factor IX. El sangrado puede producirse en forma de hematomas (traumatismos cerrados) o de hemorragias (heridas).

Un 80% de los casos de hemofilia presentan antecedentes familiares; el 20% restante se debe a mutaciones genéticas espontáneas. La herencia es de tipo recesivo ligado al sexo por genes transmitidos por el cromosoma X materno. Por tanto, existe un 50% de probabilidades de que una pareja de hombre sano y mujer portadora tengan un hijo varón enfermo o una hija portadora. De un padre enfermo y una madre sana todas las hijas serán portadoras y todos los hijos varones serán sanos. Los varones no pueden transmitir la enfermedad, y las mujeres portadoras no la padecen. Un caso famoso de transmisión de hemofilia fue el de la reina Victoria de Inglaterra, cuyas hijas transmitieron la enfermedad a las casas reales española y rusa.

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