人工物は進化しない

人工物は進化しない

A1-05 松井実千葉大学大学院工学研究科システムプランニング研究室博士後期課程 3 年　

Myth

Lamarckism

Social Evolution

Lysenko

Dissipative Structure

Cybernetics

Chaos TheoryEvolution Strategy

Computational Theory Of MindComplexity

Self OrganizationComplex Adaptive System

Neural Network

Intelligent Design

Neo Lamarckism

Evolutionary Linguistics

Psycholinguistics

Dual Inheritance Theory

Cultural Drift

Philology

Evolutionary Medicine

Evolutionary Physics

Ant Colony Optimization

Simulated Evolution

Evolutionary Chemistry Evolutionary Cosmology

Quantum Evolution

Sociobiology Human Behavioral Ecology

Philosophy

Evolutionary Ethics

Cognitive Science

Evolutionary Educational Psychology

Darwinian Literary StudiesEvolutionary Development Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Memetics

Evolutionary Economics

Evolutionary Computer ScienceArtificial Intelligence

Connectionism

Evolutionary Robotics

Evolutionary Architecture

Artificial Life Agent-based Model

Deep Learning

Evolutionary Computation

Evolutionary Programming

Evolutionary Art

Evolutionary Musicology

No Free Lunch Theory

Complexity Economics

Social Systems Science

Evolutionary Epistemology

Biological AnthropologyEvolutionary Anthropology

Universal Darwinism

The Selfish Gene

Viruses of the Mind

Internalist

Externalist

An Evolutionary Theory Of Economic Change

Extended Phenotype

Evolutionary Game Theory

Mendelian Inheritance

Population Genetics

Nucleic Acid Double Helix

New SynthesisDarwinismNeo Darwinism

Uniformitarianism

EpigeneticsCloningDenial Of Central Dogma

Phenotypic Plasticity

Evolutionary Genomics

OmicsSystem Biology

Network Biology

Genome Project

Evo-devo

Molecular Biology

Reciprocal AltruismRed Queen's Hypothesis

r/K selection theory

Evolutionarily Stable Strategy

Parent-offspring Conflict

Structural Biology

Multilevel Selection Theory

Handicap Theory

Baldwin Effect

Natural SelectionSexual Selection

Fitness Landscape

Neutral Theory

Kin SelectionInclusive Fitness

Central Dogma

Kauffmann S

Lorenz K

Fisher RA

Watson JCrick F

Spencer H

Prigogine I

Ashby WR

Wiener N

Kimura MKing J

Jukes T

Zahavi ABaldwin JM

Wright S

Wallace A

Sueoka

Wright S

Trivers R

Haldane JBS

Hamilton WD

Huxley J

Dobzhansky T

Maynard Smith JLack DWilson DSSober E

Tinbergen N

Mendel GJ

Darwin C

Turing A

Plotkin HHamilton WD

Kauffmann SHolland JH

Dooley K

Gell-Man M

Sullivan J

Smolin L

Dennett DC

Dawkins RAlden E

Wilson EOMaynard Smith J

Dawkins RBurroughs WS

Campbell D

Blackmore S

Hofstadter D

Pinker S

Chomsky N

Nelson RWinter S

Bloom P Steels L

Haussmann RHidalgo C

Lynch A

Rushkoff D

Csikszentmihalyi M

Henrich & McElreath

Brodie R

Boyd RLewontin R

Dumbar R

Richerson P

Feldman MCavalli-Sforza LL

Wilson EO

Lumsden C

1990 2000 20101970 198019601860

1990 2000 20101970 198019601860

NATURAL SCIENCE

FORMAL SCIENCE

SOCIAL SCIENCE

おはなし進化論進化学進化 X学 X学 2

Evolutionary Linguistics

Psycholinguistics

Dual Inheritance Theory

Cultural Drift

Philology

Evolutionary Medicine

Evolutionary Physics

Ant Colony Optimization

Simulated Evolution

Evolutionary Chemistry Evolutionary Cosmology

Quantum Evolution

Sociobiology Human Behavioral Ecology

Philosophy

Evolutionary Ethics

Cognitive Science

Evolutionary Educational Psychology

Darwinian Literary StudiesEvolutionary Development Psychology

Evolutionary Psychology

Memetics

Evolutionary Economics

Evolutionary Computer ScienceArtificial Intelligence

Connectionism

Evolutionary Robotics

Evolutionary Architecture

Artificial Life Agent-based Model

Deep Learning

Evolutionary Computation

Evolutionary Programming

Evolutionary Art

Evolutionary Musicology

No Free Lunch Theory

Complexity Economics

Social Systems Science

Evolutionary Epistemology

Biological AnthropologyEvolutionary Anthropology

Universal Darwinism

The Selfish Gene

Viruses of the Mind

Internalist

Externalist

An Evolutionary Theory Of Economic Change

Extended Phenotype

Evolutionary Game Theory

Sullivan J

Smolin L

Dennett DC

Dawkins RAlden E

Wilson EOMaynard Smith J

Dawkins RBurroughs WS

Campbell D

Blackmore S

Hofstadter D

Pinker S

Chomsky N

Nelson RWinter S

Bloom P Steels L

Haussmann RHidalgo C

Lynch A

Rushkoff D

Csikszentmihalyi M

Henrich & McElreath

Brodie R

Boyd RLewontin R

Dumbar R

Richerson P

Feldman MCavalli-Sforza LL

Wilson EO

Lumsden C

1990 2000 20101970 198019601860

1990 2000 20101970 198019601860

NATURAL SCIENCE

FORMAL SCIENCE

SOCIAL SCIENCE

おはなし進化論進化学進化 X学 X学 3

https://www.flickr.com/photos/norio-nakayama/10625980546 5

推論の逆転 ?性能の保持者性能価値

ケーキは甘いのでおいしいのであるあかちゃんはかわいいのでみんな世話したくなるのである

7

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jorgeq82/4732700819 8

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Bobbins_colored_thread.jpg 9



iPhone は薄いのでポケットに入れやすいのである糸巻きはぐるぐる巻きなのでコンパクトなのである

10




原因結果

11




12

推論の逆転 ?性能の保持者価値性能

ケーキはおいしいので甘いのであるあかちゃんはみんな世話したくなるのでかわいいのである

iPhone はポケットに入れやすいので薄いのである糸巻きはコンパクトなのでぐるぐる巻きなのである

原因結果

13

1. 変異し2. 遺伝し3. 淘汰される

必ず進化

もし

ならば

14

塩基遺伝子

染色体

生殖細胞

身体コロニー

種

進化の主体は？

15

塩基遺伝子

染色体

生殖細胞

身体コロニー

種


16

S A M U E L B U T L E R , 1 9 1 0

鳥は卵がもうひとつの卵をつくる手段

http://www.public-domain-image.com/free-images/fauna-animals/birds/phalarope-pictures/northern-phalarope-or-red-necked-phalarope-bird-chick-phalaropus-lobatus.jpg

17

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

BIRDEGG


18

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

BIRDEGG


19

鳥は鳥の巣がもうひとつの鳥の巣をつくる手段

P A T R I C K B A T E S O N , 1 9 7 8

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mountain_Blue_Bird_4_%288045057780%29.jpg 20

鳥は鳥の巣がもうひとつの鳥の巣をつくる手段

P A T R I C K B A T E S O N , 1 9 7 8

WRONG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mountain_Blue_Bird_4_%288045057780%29.jpg 21

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mountain_Blue_Bird_4_%288045057780%29.jpg

鳥の巣も鳥も遺伝子がもうひとつの遺伝子をつくる手段．

R I C H A R D D A W K I N S , 1 9 8 2

22

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mountain_Blue_Bird_4_%288045057780%29.jpg

pr o

du

ce

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

BIRDEGG

NEST

23

s e r v e

s e r v e

pr o

du

ce

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

BIRDEGG

NEST

24

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e ? ?

BIRDNEST

25

学者は図書館がもうひとつの図書館をつくる手段

D A N I E L D E N N E T T , 1 9 9 1

https://www.flickr.com/photos/irishwelcometours/4909553055 26

図書館（と学者）は本の情報がもうひとつの本の情報をつくるのをたすける N I C K R O S E , 1 9 9 8


s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

LIBRARYBOOK

SCHOLAR


一般化すると

人工物は設計がもうひとつの設計をつくる手段

29

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

PROTOTYPEDESIGN

DESIGNER30

塩基遺伝子

染色体

生殖細胞

身体コロニー

種


31

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

WORKER BEEQUEEN

http://www.landscape-photo.net/albums/Paris-Cityscape/spring-flower-bee.jpg

32

http://www.landscape-photo.net/albums/Paris-Cityscape/spring-flower-bee.jpgs e r v e

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

WORKERQUEEN

QUEEN

in

EGG

33

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

WORKERs e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

QUEENEGG

34

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

PROTOTYPEDESIGN

DESIGNER35

s e r v e

¥ £ $

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

PRODUCT

s e r v e

p r o d u c e

r e p r o d u c e

DESIGN

DESIGNER

PROTOTYPE

USER 36

Pdesigner

Pdesigner

Pconceptor

Pcompany

Pcompany

Φproto

Φlogistics

Φdesign

Fmarket

Gdesign

Φmaterials

Esun

Φproduct

Cagriculture

Plaborer

Puser

Pwork

Pcompany

Pengineer

Φinstruction

Φfood

Esun

Ecapital

Ecapital

Pdesigner

Pdesigner

Pcompany

Φproto

Φlogistics

Φdesign

Fmarket

Gdesign

Pengineer

37

塩基

遺伝子

染色体

生殖細胞

女王蜂

身体

働き蜂

「蜜蜂」

？設計理念？

？デザイン？

プロトタイプ

　

量産製品

製品カテゴリ 38

人工物は進化しない

厳密には

デザイナーは設計にとっては資源にすぎない

設計の因果関係は価値→性能．　その逆ではない

設計の遺伝子はまだみつかっていない

6

rspa.royalsocietypublishing.orgProc.R.Soc.A471:20140905

...................................................

140elastic instrument

rigid instrument

infinite wall

C1

C1.7

C2120

100

80

60

40

% r

adia

ted

pow

er c

hang

e at

air

re

sona

nce

20

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00 norm

aliz

ed a

ir r

eson

ance

fre

quen

cy

0

(a)

(b)

(c)

elastic instrument

rigid instrument

perimeter length

3.0

2.6

2.2

1.8

cond

ucta

nce

(C)

peri

met

er le

ngth

(L

)

1.4

1.0

i ii

century: 10th 12th–13th 15th–16th 16th–17th 16th–18th

iii iv v vi

conductance

13th

Figure 1. Acoustic air-resonance power efficiency grows as sound hole shape evolves over centuries through the violin’sEuropean ancestors to the violin. (a) Change in radiated acoustic air-resonance power for an elastic instrument Wair-elastic

(equation (4.5)), rigid instrument Wair-rigid (equation (4.2)) and infinite rigid sound hole bearing wall Wwall (equation (4.1))as a function of sound hole shape, where percentage change is measured from the circular sound hole shape. (b) Air-resonancefrequency for elastic instrument f air-elastic (equation (4.4)) and rigid instrument f air-rigid (equation (4.3)) as a function of soundhole shape, normalized by f air-elastic for the circular opening (i). (c) Conductance C (equation (2.3)) and perimeter length L fordifferent sound hole shapes of fixed sound-hole area, normalized to be unity for the circular opening (i). Shape overlap occurredbetween nearby centuries. Only sound hole shape is changed and all other parameters are held fixed and equal to those of the1703 ‘Emiliani’ Stradivari violin [30]. The conductance of the two interacting sound holes for each instrument is determined fromequation (2.3). Data sources are provided in the electronic supplementary material, §5.

on June 11, 2015http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/Downloaded from

44

これから

仮説は検証されなければならない .• プロトタイプの進化速度と製品の進化速度の差を測定• 製品のゲノムにあたるものを仮に決める（表形分類学的アプローチ）• ↑を用いて製品群間の遺伝的距離を測定（進化言語学的アプローチ）• ↑を用いて製品群の系統樹を作成する（分岐学的アプローチ）• 複雑な製品を多種の混合体とみるか共生系とみるか

アイディア• NK モデルを用いて製品のラマルク的進化とダーウィン的進化を検証• 淘汰圧をかえた際のアイディア生成の多様性への影響をみる

45

A1-05

千葉大学大学院工学研究科システムプランニング研究室

博士後期課程 3 年　松井実

[email protected]

ご清聴ありがとうございました

人工物は進化しない

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