5g vs. fttx, friends or foes? - ecoc exhibition focus 2017... · 5g vs. fttx, friends or foes? ......
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5G vs. FTTx, friends or foes?
ECOC, Gothenburg, Sweden18th September 2017
杜豫章 Frank Du, Product Line Manager, Source Photonics
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
5G-TTH (5G to the home) instead of FTTH?
Slideno.2
The excitement was brought by Samsung and Verizon back in Feb 2017 at the World Mobile Congress
• Samsung announces complete portfolio of commercial 5G products and solutions
• In pre-commercial trials that started in December 2016, Verizon and Samsung demonstrated multi-gigabit per second speeds at distances of up 1,500 feet. The initial customer trials will use 28 GHz frequency airwaves for service to fixed points, like a home router
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Questions
Slideno.3
1. Converge: 5G to replace FTTx service?
2. Converge: FTTx infrastructure to enable 5G?
3. No change, and remain as 2 independent networks?
Relationship between wireless and fixed access networks as 5G approaches?
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Agenda
Slideno.4
1. Introduction to 5G and FTTx
2. Wireless and FTTx deployment: China as the case in point
3. Relationship between 5G vs. FTTx
Introduction to 5G and FTTx
Slideno.5
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
5G to the home explained
Slideno.6
Source of image: Samsung
• 28GHz mmWave (Note: carrier frequency of 4G LTE usually goes lower than 2.6GHz)• Samsung's demo unit was running 4Gbps to one router• The signal covers a few hundred meters• There is no 5G directly to mobile phone yet(power consumption is a big problem as of 2017)
From base station to CPE (customer premise equipment), the “5G home router”1
• 802.11ac Wi-Fi
From CPE to mobile phones, computers…at home
2
Backhaul: from base station to transport network 3• Fiber, or microwave
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Wireless communication 101 - 4G LTE as a case
Slideno.7
BBU RRUTransportCPRI
Antenna
Data rate between BBU and RRUCPRI data rate: Sampling frequency * (I-phase bit width + Q-phase bit width) * # of antenna * line coding (10B/8B)
Data rate between BBU and transport
• Carrier bandwidth: 20 MHz• MIMO: 2 x 2• DL modulation: 64QAM
Packet
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
The road to 5G
Slideno.8
Antenna
1 More channel bandwidth
• Carrier bandwidth of 4G LTE: 20 MHz• Carrier bandwidth of 5G: > 100 MHz• 5G: goes beyond 3.5 GHz or even higher (mm Wave),
allowing higher channel bandwidth• Carrier aggregation
The most straightforward way to increase channel capacity
3 Higher order modulationand better coding schemes
• Modulation: 256 QAM?• Coding: ?
Put more bits onto one carrier
2 Multi-access technologyMultiple users use a band of carriers more efficiently
• 2G: TDMA• 3G: CDMA• 4G: OFDM• 5G:?
4 MIMO
• 4G: MIMO- 4 x 4, 8 x 8• 5G: 64 antennas, 256 antennas… massive MIMO
Capacity grows proportionally as # of antennas grows
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
4G base station
Slideno.9
4G base station installed on a roofLocation: Chengdu
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Look into a 4G LTE base station
Slideno.10
BBU: baseband unit
Source of image: Huawei
RRU: remote radio unit
Antenna
4G base station installed on a roof
Usually, access transport equipment in the same room
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
End user bandwidth in 5G
Slideno.11
• Download data rate of every single user: > 100 Mbps• Upload data rate: > 50 Mbps
• Capacity of a base station: downstream, 20 Gbps; upstream: 10 Gbps
5G
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
FTTx
Slideno.12
GPONisVery MatureHighVolume Deployment
Commoditized Cost
10GEPONandXGS-PONNatural Evolution
GreenfieldorOverlay?
UseinBackhaul
NGPON2or25G/100GBandwidthvsFlexibility
TunablevsFatPipe
VideoVoiceData
RemoteOLT
10GDWDM
1G
25G
4 x 10G
10G
1G
10G
NGPON2
G.FAST
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
FTTx: a GPON and XGSPON system
Slideno.13
OLTOptical network terminal
ODNOptical distribution network
ONUOptical network unit
XGS-PON OLT
WDM1r
GPON OLT
1577nm, 10G
1270nm, 10G/2.5G
1490nm, 2.5G
1310nm, 1.25G
GPON ONU
splitter
• Tx: 1310nm, 1.25G• Rx: 1490nm, 2.5G
XGPON ONU• Tx: 1270nm, 2.5G• Rx: 1577nm, 10G
XGS-PON ONU
• Tx: 1270nm, 10G• Rx: 1577nm, 10G
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
End user bandwidth in XGS-PON OLT
Slideno.14
• XGS-PON OLT downstream data rate: 9.953Gbps • Split ratio: 128• Oversubscription: 25%• Bandwidth efficiency: 92%
Conditions
• 9953Mbps * 92% / 25% / 128 = 286 Mbps ?
Downstream data rat of a household:
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Positioning of fixed and wireless access networks
Slideno.15
Wireless FTTx
• Mobile phone• Average data usage in
China’s LTE users: 1027 to 1521 MB
• 4K video, IPTV, home desktop• One HD movie can easily exceed 1GB• Cost for operators is cheaper than
wireless when average user bandwidth is higher than a certain level (source of data: China Telecom)
Wireless and FTTx deployment:China as the case in point
Slideno.16
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
China in global access network market
Slideno.17
• By August 2017, China has approximately 2.99 million 4G base stations, counting for > 40% of the global volume (6.5 million to 7 million)
Wireless – 4G LTE
Fixed broadband - PON
Source of data: IHS
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
Volume of GPON and EPON OLT deployment from 2010 to 2021
GPON OLT - global
GPON OLT - China
EPON OLT - global
EPON OLT - China
• 86% of EPON OLT were deployed in China; 76% of all GPON OLT were in China
• As of Q3’2017, most of the 10G PON OLT are bought by China market, too
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Architecture of China‘s telecom network –the overall hierarchy
Slideno.18
• Connects 1 to 3 core cities in each province
1 Nation-wide backbone
• Connects each city in one province
2 Province-wide backbone
• Provides FTTx and wireless access and the backhaul in a city, for example, Chengdu(成都), or Suzhou (苏州)
3 Metro network
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Logical network architecture - national backbone
Slideno.19
陕西
江苏
广东
山西
甘肃
新疆
宁夏
青海
西藏
河南
内蒙古 黑龙江 吉林 辽宁 河北
山东
福建
江西
云南 广西贵州 海南湖南
湖北
青岛
济南
沈阳 大连长春 吉林哈尔滨
太原
兰州
乌鲁木齐
银川
拉萨
贵阳
唐山石家庄
郑州
洛阳
通辽呼和浩特
三亚 海口柳州 南宁
天津
天津
广东
浙江 温州
上海
江苏
重庆
重庆
北京
北京
安徽
四川
西宁
武汉
无锡
西 安
深圳
芜 湖
合 肥
九 江
南 昌
福 州
厦 门
长 沙 衡 阳昆 明
南 京
广 州
成 都
天 津
上 海
杭 州
12×10G
20× 10G
16×10G
16× 10G20×
10G 4× 40G
20×
10G
16× 10G
12× 10G
2×2.
5G
12× 10G
12× 10G
12× 10G
12× 10G
16× 10G
16× 10G
12× 10G12× 10G
12×10G
12×
10G
16× 10G
12× 10G
12× 10G
16× 10G
10× 10G
10× 10G
12×10G
12× 10G
2× 2. 5G
北 京
上 海1× 40G
12×10G
16×10G
上 海
• Several national core node connected in a mesh• 80x100G OTN in use
Source of image: China Telecom
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Logical network architecture - provincial backbone
Slideno.20
溧阳
宜兴
溧水59. 19km(53. 88km)(47. 35km)
50. 64km91. 69km(81. 44km)
丹阳
苏州无锡
68. 61km(69. 29km)
(85. 22km)85. 53km
江阴
OTM-80
常州
OTM-80OTM-80
靖江
泰兴
(85. 59km)77. 36km85. 22km
(85. 53km)
石庄泰兴靖江
OTM-80
泰州
南通
OTM-80
62. 68km(67. 60km)
阜宁
响水
滨海(73. 00km)67. 98km
灌云
55. 52km(79. 00km)
(65. 37km)62. 80km
56. 69km(58. 27km)
六合
仪征
江都
高邮
楚州
宝应
33. 72km(34. 73km)
扬州
OTM-80
(90. 00km)81. 16km
句容
龙潭(94. 21km)104. 72km
镇江
OTM-80
OTM-80
六合47. 79km(41. 77km)
南京
(90. 60km)76. 44km
85. 09km(101. 19km)
旧铺
马坝
盐城OTM-80建湖
涟水泗阳
(59. 32km)57. 90km
洋河
38. 00km(39. 64km)濉宁
双沟
92. 13km(92. 27km)
OTM-80淮安
宿迁 OTM-80
82. 59km(82. 08km)
东海新沂
邳州大许
40. 70km(39. 94km)
104. 50km(91. 92m)(77. 28km)
80. 36km 连云港
OTM-80OTM-80
徐州
120. 83km(128. 82km)
(41. 78km)41. 77km
(61. 00km)60. 30km
(45. 73km)45. 21km
66. 77km(65. 77km)
(107. 54km)106. 99km
(69. 57km)66. 91km
尚庄 93. 93km(81. 90km)
76. 93km(60. 43km)
唐子
兴化
Wuxi
XuZhou
Su Qian
Huai An
Yang Zhou
Tai Zhou
Zhen JiangChang Zhou
Nan Tong
Yan Cheng
Lian Yun Gang
Su Zhou
• Prefecture-level cities (地级市) in a province connected (21 such cities in Sichuan Province, whose area is similar as that of France)
• Minimum distance between 2 cities is usually > 80 to 100km
• OTN in use
Source of image: China Telecom
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Logical network architecture - metro
Slideno.21
10G
10G
1G
10GMetro
network
10G/100G
1G
Core router
BRASSR
BRASSR
Provincial or nation-wide backbone
Wireless base stations are connected upwards to PTN / IP RAN access layer
Metro aggregation
Fixed access network are connected upwards to core routers in a metro area.
Metro core
Metro core
Metro transport Metro IP data network
OLT
ONUONUONU
PTN/IP RAN
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Fixed and wireless network: share central offices and cable tunnel
Slideno.22
Core node
Aggregation node
Aggregation node
Access nodeWireless
PON
Source of image: China Mobile
• Share of physical resources: cable tunnel, fiber cable, central offices
• Only separate in the ”last mile” –wireless front-haul and PON
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Wireless and FTTx access coverage in China
Slideno.23
• In urban areas of China, FTTH covers > 90% of households; in suburban and rural areas, 30%
• Availability of 4G LTE: 73.83%, ranking within the top 20 nations/regions
4G Availability ComparisonFebruary 2016
Source of data: OpenSignal
Overall, China has a well developed access network: both 4G LTE and FTTx
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Customer base and ARPU
Slideno.24
ChinaMobile ChinaTelecom ChinaUnicommobile(4G/3G/2G) mobilecustomerbase(million) 848.9 215.0 263.8
AverageRevenueperUserperMonth(ARPU)(RMB/user/month)
57.5 55.5 46.4
fixedbroadband customerbase(million) 77.6 123.1 75.2
AverageRevenueperUserperMonth(ARPU)(RMB/user/month)
32.1 54.2 49.4
Customer base and ARPU from mobile and fixed service of the 3 telecom operators in China, 2016
• 237 million fixed broadband subscribers (households) from the 3 telecom operators in China, representing 15% of the mobile + fixed access revenue
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Summary of wireless and FTTx deployment in China
Slideno.25
1. Well developed fiber deployment for wireless, and particularly FTTx in urban areas (ODN counts for 50% to 70% of the total cost of PON in China, and probably even higher in U.S. and Europe)
2. Wireless and FTTx shares mutual physical infrastructures in metro transport: optical cable, cable tunnel and central offices – this can this be considered a form of ”convergence”
3. FTTx represents a considerable share of revenue for all the 3 telecom operators in China
Relationship between 5G and FTTx
Slideno.26
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
China Mobile1. Some small volume of XG-PON and
XGS-PON deployed started in 2016/2017 for FTTB in particular
Global 10G PON OLT deployment
Slideno.27
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
China Telecom1. massive upgrade to 10G EPON OLT started in
2015/20162. Massive 10G GPON upgrade with combo PON
starting in the end of 2017 and early 2018
1 2
AT&T1. Focuses on
XGS-PON
3
• The transition to 10G PON started from 2014/205 in China, and not yet widely adopted in markets out of China
• Massive deployment of 10G PON will last until at least 2025
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Plan of 5G from operators
• 2017: select 4~5 cities, and build 7 base stations at each city• 2018: select more cities, and build 20 base stations at each city• 2019: increase city quantity and base station quantity for each city• 2020: build 10,000 base stations (notes: in 2014, China mobile built 500,000 base stations).
China Mobile
• Vodafone conducted the first live public 5G demonstration in Australia in Oct. 2016, with Nokia at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS).
Vodafone
• Ericsson together with América Móvil bring the first 5G test system to Brazil in 2016, and will complete commercial networks in 2020.
América Móvil
• Airtel is busy in expanding 4G services to towns and villages in India. Even Airtel 4G is just available in limited locations across major cities and towns. Tentative Airtel 5G launch in India could happen in 2018-2019.
Airtel
• AT&T will launch our first “5G Evolution Markets” in the coming months in Austin and Indianapolis in 2017. We expect our wireless network to offer theoretical peak speeds of 400Mbps or higher.
AT&T
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Hypothesis on 5G deployment in China
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
• 3.5 GHz, 8 to 16 antennas• Bandwidth: 100MHz• RRU to DU data rate: 50G, 100G, or higher• Basically follows the 3.5G prototype released by
China Mobile
Massively deployment in 2021 to 2022
• Higher bandwidth?• RRU to DU data rate?
5G small cell
1
• NB-IoT resides on the existing 4G LTE infrastructure
• Can be deployed on 5G, too
IoT2
3
5G macro cell
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
How to deploy 5G in a metro network of China- one aggregation ring
Aggregation layer
CU
DU
DU DU
Access PTN
BBURRU
• Data rate: 3 * 25G • Optical transceiver: 25G SFP28; or simply i-temp 100G QSFP28• < 1.4km?
• 50G ring• Optical transceiver:
50G?• 10km
DU
• 100G ring?• Or DWDM?• Single lambda 100G
QSFP28 10km
• DWDM?• Up to 40km or
even higher
Distance between two adjacent nodes in aggregation ring: 3-10 km
Distance between two adjacent nodes in the “smaller” access ring:100s meters to 2km
Distance between two adjacent nodes in the “bigger” access ring:100s meters to 2km
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
How to deploy 5G in a metro network of China- one aggregation ringSource: China MobileTwo-Level Front-haul Architecture and Requirements, Jan 2017; IEEE
Aggregation ring
CU
BBURRU PTN
DU
• 4G * 3 * 6 = 72G• In option 2, 4G for each DU-to-CU connection
• 72G * 6 = 432G
RRU + Antenna
• 3 RRU per node
• 2 optical transceiver per RRU (suppose 25G SFP28 used)
• eCRPI rate = 25G• 3 * 2 * 25G * 6 = 900G
WDM?
One typical 5G deployment scenario envisioned by China Mobile
DU
DU
DU
DUDU
• 1 CU à 6 DU• 1 DU à 6 RRU
• 1 CU à 36 RRU
• FTN
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Extra investment needed on next-gen PON and 5G wireless
Slideno.32
Next-gen PON (10G PON)
5G wireless
• As > 90% of urban areas in China (as of 2017, 58% of China’s 1.3 billion people live in urban areas) has been covered with FTTH, the ODN for PON is largely ready?
• Extra investment needed goes to 10G PON OLT and 10G PON ONU, where >70% of the cost is optical transceivers
• 10G PON OLT and ONU optical transceivers have become very affordable as of 2017
• 2 to 5 times more base station needed than 4G LTE• More fiber plants required to accommodate increased number of base stations• Expensive (at least today) 25G (i-temp), 100G and tunable WDM optics needed in
front-haul and transport network• Overall, 4 to 5 time more investment will be needed than 4G LTE to have full-
coverage of 5G in China (source of data: China Telecom)
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
5G and 10G PON in China
5G
FTTx – 10G PON
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Penetration to users
Year
• Massively deployment of 10G PON to deliver Gigabit to the home in China
• Development of technology, proof of concept, pilot…
1
2
• Wide coverage of 5G base stations
Source Photonics Confidential and Proprietary
Answer to the questions
Slideno.34
1. Converge: 5G to cover FTTx service?
2. Converge: FTTx infrastructure to deliver 5G?
3. No change, and remain as 2 independent networks?
Relationship between wireless and fixed access networks as 5G approaches?
• Limited. Home broadband will still be largely serviced by FTTx in China
• Partially. 10G PON for small cell in 5G
• In the “last mile”, yes. But on metro transport, wireless and FTTx has already been sharing infrastructures
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