HI THO LIN KHOA ANH 5 ANH 6

TRAO I KINH NGHIM V PHNG PHP GING DY TING ANH CHUYN NGNH NHM NNG CAO CHT LNG O TO

Tham lun 1: TO NG LC HC TING ANH CHUYN NGNH CHO SINH VIN

KHI K THUT: CC LP IN - IN T, C IN (Trang 1 - 2) (ThS. ng Th Minh Quyn - Khoa Anh 5)

Tham lun 2: DY V HC TING ANH CHUYN NGNH XY DNG-KIN TRC: THC TRNG V GII PHP (Trang 3 - 5) (ThS. Nguyn Th Xuyn - Khoa Anh 5)

Tham lun 3: S DNG PHNG PHP BN T DUY GING DY T VNG TING ANH CHUYN NGNH (Trang 6 - 10) (ThS. V Vn Tun - Khoa Anh 6)

Tham lun 4: THC TRNG V VIC HC NGHE TING ANH CHUYN NGNH CA SINH VIN KHI CNG NGH THNG TIN (Trang 11 - 14) (ThS. Ng Th Xuyn - Khoa Anh 5)

Tham lun 5: NNG CAO K NNG NI CHO SINH VIN QUA VIC S DNG TNH HUNG TRONG GI HC NI (Trang 15 - 18) (ThS. Nguyn Th Tnh - Khoa Anh 6)

Tham lun 6: LM GIU VN T VNG TING ANH CHUYN NGNH CHO SINH VIN KHI KINH T: THC TRNG V GII PHP (Trang 19 - 22) (ThS. V M Dung - Khoa Anh 6)

1

Tham lun 1:

TO NG LC HC TING ANH CHUYN NGNH CHO SINH VIN KHI K THUT: CC LP IN - IN T, C IN

Ngi trnh by: ThS. ng Th Minh Quyn Khoa Anh 5, Trng i hc KD v CN H Ni

I. M u Hu ht ging vin v ang ging dy sinh vin khi k thut u khng t mt ln

phn nn v vic sinh vin li v khng mun hc ting Anh hay khng c hng th g vi mt mn hc quan trng ny. C nhiu nguyn nhn v cc nguyn nhn ny u c nhn thc r rng v ai cng bit. Tuy nhin trong khun kh bi vit ny ti ch xin cp n vn lm th no truyn/to ng lc cho sinh vin trong cc gi hc ting Anh chuyn ngnh, gip sinh vin dn dn thch cc tit hc nghe, ni, c v vit tng chng nh qu kh i vi sinh vin khi khng chuyn ng ny. To ng lc cho sinh vin c coi l mt trong nhng nhim v kh khn ca ging vin. Sinh vin khng c ng lc s khng hc tp hiu qu. Sinh vin s khng lu gi thng tin, s khng tham gia vo qu trnh hc tp v mt s trong s thm ch tr thnh k gy ri v c thi khng tt vi mn hc v t hn l vi c ging vin ph trch mn hc .

II. ng lc (motivation): khi nim v tm quan trng 1. Khi nim Theo T in ting Vit ca Vin ngn ng hc (2000) ng lc l ci thc y, lm

cho pht trin. Hay ni cch khc, ng lc l ng c, l sc mnh thc y con ngi lm mt vic g . y l mt trng thi ni ti, cung cp sinh lc v hng con ngi vo nhng hnh vi c mc ch. Nn tng ca ng lc l cc cm xc, m c th, n da trn s n trnh nhng tri nghim cm xc tiu cc v tm kim nhng cm xc tch cc. Vy c th hiu ng lc l yu t gip con ngi i n hnh ng hay la chn. V l s thi thc t bn trong mi c nhn, khin ngi ta phi hnh ng, chng hn nh s am m, cm xc, kht vng hay tng.

2. Tm quan trng ca ng lc trong hc ting Anh ng lc l nn tng cho s thnh cng. Chng ta cn c ng lc t c mc tiu

chng ta ang theo ui. ng lc l mt thnh phn quan trng ca vic hc ngoi ng. ng lc gip cho sinh vin trnh cha cao c nhng c gng v n lc t c tin b trong hc tp. N gip cho sinh vin tham gia vo cc hot ng hc tp mt cch tch cc hn. Khi c ng lc hc mt ci g th sinh vin s s dng qu trnh nhn thc hc tp mc cao hn. Khi ging vin truyn/to ng lc cho sinh vin hc ting Anh th chng ta to ra mt mi trng hc tp nng ng v gp phn lm tng hiu qu hc tp ca sinh vin.

III. Mt s phng php to ng lc hiu qu 1. S quan tm v chia s ca ging vin Phng php ny lin quan n cm xc, tnh cm ca sinh vin. Sinh vin c ng lc

hc hn khi thy ging vin quan tm n mnh. Ging vin nn xy dng mi quan h tt vi tr v lun c nhng li ng vin khuyn khch sinh vin. Nhng cu hi thm x giao, s nhit tnh ging gii thm phn kin thc kh, gii p thc mc ca cc em, xng

2

h va thn thin v va tn trng sinh vin s to ra s khc bit trong quan h thy tr. Nu lp hc l mt ni thn thin, ni sinh vin cm thy c lng nghe v tn trng, th h s sn sng tham gia qu trnh hc.

2. Kt qu hc tp Khng c g c kh nng truyn ng lc nh thnh cng v cng khng c g khin con

ngi mt ng lc nh lin tip tht bi. Ngh thut ca ging vin l c gng m bo sinh vin c nhng thnh cng hay tin b nht nh trong qu trnh hc bi v s thnh cng ca sinh vin ko di bao nhiu th sinh vin cng c nhiu ng lc hc tp by nhiu. Tuy nhin, thnh cng m khng cn phi c gng hoc thnh cng qu kh t c th khng c tnh truyn ng lc. Do , nhim v ca ging vin l a ra cc hot ng v bi kim tra ph hp vi trnh ca sinh vin. Cc bi kim tra v cc hot ng hc khng c qu kh v cng khng c qu d, nht thit phi ph hp vi trnh sinh vin.

3. Thi ca ging vin i vi bi ging Ging vin phi t tin vo kh nng chuyn mn ca mnh. Sinh vin cn tin rng ging

vin chng ta BIT chng ta ang lm g. S t tin ging vin c th c nhn thy ngay t giy pht u tin chng ta bc vo lp (cch n mc, cch i ng, cch ni nng). Sinh vin cng cn bit rng ging vin BIT dy ci g, dy bi no v dy khng chy gio n hay cu gi.

4. Cc hot ng hc Cc hot ng trong lp phi gy hng th, bm st vi ni dung v yu cu ca bi ng

thi phi c mc ch. Khi sinh vin thy c mc ch ca hot ng r rng th mi c th thc hin hot ng hc tch cc. Ngoi ra chng ta cn gn kt hot ng trong lp vi thc tin ca sinh vin cng nhiu cng tt. V bng cch ny, ging vin s cho sinh vin thy c tm quan trng v s hu ch ca vic thc hin hot ng trong lp s lin quan n hot ng ngoi lp hc sau ny ca sinh vin. T , chng ta s khi dy s quan tm ca sinh vin. Nu khng tin nhng g mnh ang hc tp l quan trng, sinh vin s khng mun tm hiu. Bn cnh chng ta tng cng s tham gia ca sinh vin vo qu trnh hc trong lp. Cc hot ng lm vic theo cp, nhm cn c p dng trit .

5. Trnh by bi th v ng lc hc c tng cng khng ch bi cc ti liu th v m cn bi cch ging

vin trnh by ti liu dy ny nh th no. V d, ging vin c th s dng hnh nh minh ha cho t vng; c th s dng hnh v trn bng minh ha cho bi ging.

6. Cung cp thng tin phn hi r rng Thng tin phn hi c th phc v nh l mt s khuyn khch sinh vin. Thng tin

phn hi phi r rng v c th. i khi ch l li khen gi khi sinh vin hc tt, c khi li l nhng gi cho s thnh cng hn trong tng lai.

IV. Kt lun Trn y l mt s kin tham lun ca ti v phng php truyn cm hng cho sinh

vin hc ting Anh. Trong khi cng vic ny c th l mt nhim v kh khn, nhng nhng g n mang li cho chng ta th rt c gi tr. Sinh vin c ng c hc rt vui mng tm hiu v tham gia qu trnh hc v mt ging vin tuyt vi l ngi c th lm cho vic hc ca sinh vin th v v truyn cm hng cho sinh vin pht huy c y tim nng ca h.

3

Tham lun 2:

DY V HC TING ANH CHUYN NGNH XY DNG - KIN TRC: THC TRNG V GII PHP

Ngi trnh by: ThS. Nguyn Th Xuyn Khoa Anh 5, Trng i hc KD v CN H Ni

1. M u Trong my nm gn y, vic dy ting Anh chuyn ngnh (TACN) c p dng

trong ton khi k thut trng i hc Kinh doanh v Cng ngh H Ni vi mong mun t c nhng mc tiu o to c quy m ln v s lng v t chun v cht lng, nhm p ng nhu cu ca ngi hc v x hi. Tuy nhin, thc t vic dy v hc TACN trong thi gian qua cn bc l nhiu kh khn v hn ch dn n kt qu o to cha t c nhng mc tiu mong mun. Trong bi tham lun ny, chng ti s phn tch thc trng dy v hc TACN Xy dng Kin trc v trn c s ra cc gii php nhm nng cao hiu qu dy v hc TACN ni chung v TACN Xy dng Kin trc ni ring.

2. Ni dung c c s d liu cho bi vit ny, chng ti pht phiu cu hi thm d kin

cho ton b sinh vin (SV) khi Xy dng Kin trc hin ang hc TACN K17. Bn cnh , kin ca cc ging vin (GV) v ang dy TACN cng c thu thp . Da trn nhng d liu ny cng vi kinh nghim ging dy thc t, chng ti nhn thy mt s vn nh sau:

2.1. Thc trng dy v hc TACN 2.1.1. Thi lng hc v Gio trnh Hin nay TACN Xy dng Kin trc c phn b ging dy trong 90 tit. Theo kt

qu kho st SV, phn ln cc em (67.7%) cho rng thi lng ny l t so vi lng kin thc v k nng m cc em cn phi hc. i a s cc GV c hi cng ng quan im ny vi cc em SV. Thc t ging dy cho thy, v thi lng khng nn trong nhiu tit hc, SV khng c thi gian tho lun v thc hnh trn lp.

V mt gio trnh, 61.5% sinh vin cho rng gio trnh ang s dng ph hp vi chuyn ngnh ca ngi hc, 80% nhn xt l ni dung thc t nhng kh v cha tht s hp dn. Nguyn nhn l do cu trc ca ton b cun gio trnh gn nh l ging nhau vi a phn tp trung vo t vng chuyn ngnh, c hiu v dch thut. iu ny ngn cn s sng to ca ging vin v sinh vin trong cc hot ng dy v hc.

2.1.2. Sinh vin Trong khi thi lng hc t, mi trng luyn tp bng ting bn ng khng c,

nng lc ngoi ng ca SV khng cao v khng ng u khin cho vic tip thu kin thc TACN ca SV thm kh khn.

Thm vo , mc d i a s SV c hi (92.3%) nhn thc c vai tr quan trng ca TACN nhng vn nhiu em khng c nim am m hc ting Anh ni chung v TACN ni ring.

4

Khng nhng th, mc ch hc TACN ca cc em cng ht sc khc nhau: 44.6% cc em hc TACN ch i ph vi cc k thi ting Anh trng. Khong 40% SV hc TACN vi mc ch c th c cc ti liu chuyn ngnh bng ting Anh, 38% SV c nhu cu xin vic cng ty nc ngoi, ch c 14% SV c nhu cu du hc v khong 7% sinh vin hc TACN ly cc chng ch quc t nh A1, A2,

Ngoi ra, khi hc TACN, k nng m sinh vin mong mun c hc v pht trin cng rt khc nhau: 61.5% cc em mun pht trin k nng Nghe-Ni, 34.5% mun hc k nng c-Dch v ch c 4% sinh vin tp trung pht trin k nng Vit.

S a dng v mc ch hc tp, nhu cu hc tp ny l mt thch thc rt ln i vi vic la chn gio trnh v GV trong khi ging dy.

2.1.3. Ging vin i a s cc ging vin dy TACN u rt tr, c tm huyt vi ngh, v tn tnh vi

sinh vin. Theo kho st thm d sinh vin th 84.6% nh gi ging vin ging dy nhit tnh, 83.1% cho rng phng php ging dy ca cc thy c l d tip thu v gip sinh vin xc nh c trng tm kin thc ca tng bi, v 75.4% ging vin thng xuyn khuyn khch sinh vin hc tp.

Tuy nhin, thc t l rt nhiu GV c phng php ging dy ting Anh tt nhng kin thc chuyn ngnh th cha thc s vng. Nguyn nhn xut pht t thc t l GV phi t tm ti nghin cu v TACN khi c phn cng ging dy. Chnh v vy, khi c giao dy mt chuyn ngnh mi, a s gio vin c cm gic lo lng v kh nng hiu bit ca mnh v chuyn ngnh bi lng sch tham kho v chuyn ngnh Xy dng Kin trc khng nhiu v cng khng d tm kim. thc s t tin khi ln lp, i khi GV TACN cn phi trao i vi cc GV dy chuyn ngnh bng ting Vit. Nh vy, c mt bi ging tt trn lp, cng sc m cc gio vin dy TACN phi b ra l rt ln.

Thm vo , theo kin ca nhiu GV v SV, TACN Xy dng Kin trc c rt nhiu nhng thut ng m kh c th dng li gii thch mt cch d hiu. Nu cc hnh nh trc quan sinh ng c trnh chiu minh ha s hiu qu hn rt nhiu v gip SV d tip thu bi hn cng nh hng th hn vi mn hc.

2.2. Mt s gii php ch yu Trn c s thc trng v thch thc nu trn, chng ti xin xut mt s gii php

ch yu nng cao cht lng dy v hc TACN Xy dng Kin trc ti i hc Kinh doanh v Cng ngh nh sau:

2.2.1. V pha cc cp qun l - Da trn nhu cu ca x hi v ngi hc ra mc tiu o to ph hp v nh

vy n s khuyn khch c sinh vin hc tp hng say hn.

- Tng thm, thng nht v n nh thi lng ging dy TACN SV c thi gian luyn tp nhng k nng cn thit.

- n nh gio trnh cho tt c cc chuyn ngnh ti thiu trong vng 3 nm GV c thi gian tch ly kinh nghim ging dy.

5

- Thng nht ngay t u v mc tiu v trnh o to, quy trnh kim tra nh gi cho tng chuyn ngnh GV ch ng lp k hoch ging dy, nh hng cho SV v truyn th kin thc cho SV hiu qu nht.

- B tr cc phng hc a nng cho SV trong gi hc ngoi ng.

- B sung sch tham kho TACN ni chung v TACN Xy dng-Kin trc ni ring vo th vin GV v SV c th t tra cu khi cn thit.

2.2.2. V pha GV - Theo Tom Hutchinson, gio vin dy TACN khng nht thit phi nm vng kin

thc v chuyn ngnh m h ch cn c thi tch cc vi ni dung TACN, c nhng kin thc c bn ca mn chuyn ngnh v nhn thc c lng kin thc ca mnh v chuyn ngnh mnh ang dy. Hay ni cch khc, gio vin dy TACN phi t coi mnh l mt sinh vin ang quan tm n mn hc, t tm hiu ti liu. Trong qu trnh ging dy, GV TACN nn trao i trc tip vi SV v cc vn chuyn ngnh, nh vy s c s h tr tch cc gia thy v tr nhm nng cao kin thc v s say m mn hc ca c ngi dy v ngi hc. S tng tc ny gip cho SV nm c kin thc ngn ng chuyn ngnh cn GV c th b sung cc kin thc chuyn ngnh t SV.

- GV cn ch r cho SV thy mc tiu c th v yu cu t ra vi b mn TACN nh hng, tng bc khuyn khch, nng cao ng lc hc tp cho SV. Bn cnh , GV cng cn hng dn cch hc cho SV v nu khng c cch hc ng th SV s rt kh pht trin c k nng ngn ng cn thit.

- Trong gi hc, gio vin nn phn nhm hoc cp sinh vin c th tho lun v gip nhau hc tp. Khng nhng th, gii php ny cn gip cho sinh vin c nng lc ngoi ng cha tt t tin hn khi tham gia vo qu trnh hc tp.

- Cui cng, iu quan trng nht l GV nn tm cch khi ngun cm hng cho SV, ng vin sinh vin hc tp bng cc hnh thc v hot ng a dng nh: t tm cc ti liu ting Anh lin quan n chuyn ngnh, phn nhm theo cc ch cc em t tm hiu v trnh by c ni dung ca ch , dch ti liu c lin quan n ch ang hc, t chc cc tr chi theo nhm khi hc t vng, vv. Vi tng hot ng, gio vin c th cho im tch ly theo nhm hoc c nhn da trn nhng thnh qu cc em lm c khch l sinh vin thi ua hc tp.

3. Kt lun Vic dy v hc TACN ni chung v TACN Xy dng - Kin trc ni ring cn gp

nhiu kh khn v bt cp. Tuy nhin, chng ti hi vng rng nu c s quan tm v u t hp l t cc nh qun l cng vi s tm huyt v sng to ca ngi GV chc chn s to thm ng lc v ngun cm hng khin SV hng say hc tp hn v v vy, vic nng cao cht lng o to TACN t c chun theo yu cu s chc chn s c c nhng thnh cng nht nh.

6

Tham lun 3:

S DNG PHNG PHP BN T DUY GING DY T VNG TING ANH CHUYN NGNH

Ngi trnh by: ThS. V Vn Tun Khoa Anh 6, Trng i hc KD v CN H Ni

TM TT Trong vic ging dy ngoi ng, c bit l ting Anh chuyn ngnh, vic dy v hc

t vng l rt quan trng. Tuy vy, trong nhng nm qua, vic ging dy t vng thng b lng qun bng cch ging vin chn ra mt s t v mc nh l t mi, dch cho sinh vin. l tt c! Sinh vin cn mt s lng t vng chuyn ngnh nht nh giao tip, hiu c cc ch dn, hiu c cc thut ng chuyn ngnh trong qu trnh lm vic sau ny. Nhu cu ging dy ting Anh chuyn ngnh ngy cng cp thit trong cc ngnh nh kinh t, k thut, hng khng, du lch, v.v. C rt nhiu quan im v ging dy t vng ting Anh chuyn ngnh hiu qu c p dng, bi vy bi vit ny ch c gng thm vo nhng nghin cu hin nay cho vic s dng cc phng php ging dy hiu qu t vng chuyn ngnh. Mt trong nhng phng php ni bt c cp trong bi vit l s dng phng php Bn t duy iMindmap do Tony Buzan cng vi Chris Griffiths vo nm 2006. Vi phng php ny sinh vin s hiu c tm quan trng ca vic hc t vng v ging vin s hng dn sinh vin d dng lm giu vn t vng chuyn ngnh ca mnh.

1. M u Ging vin ting Anh gp rt nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh ging dy t vng c bit

l nhng t vng ting Anh chuyn ngnh. Khng th ni rng sinh vin c th bit c ht cc t vng trong mt bi hc trn lp nu nh khng c s chun b bi nh. Bi vy, ging vin cn phi c s chun b k lng v c phng php n tp t vng sng to trong qu trnh ging dy trn lp. lm c nh vy th ging vin phi xc nh r t vng no cn c ging v phng php cng nh cch thc ging dy nh th no cho ph hp vi tng t vng chuyn ngnh. Hin nay phng php ging dy ngoi ng, c bit l t vng c h tr rt nhiu t nhng tin b ca ngnh Cng ngh thng tin. Cc phng php ging dy truyn thng v ang c thay th bng phng php hc tch cc, ch ng ca ngi hc. Hin nay, vic ging dy ngoi ng khng ch l cung cp ci chng ta c m l chuyn sang hnh thc p ng nhng nhu cu v s quan tm ca ngi hc. Vy lm th no ging dy t vng ting Anh chuyn ngnh cho sinh vin c th giao tip trong lnh vc ca chuyn ngnh hc v lm vic sau ny? y qu l mt thch thc khng nh cho ging vin ngoi ng.

2. Mt s th thut ging t vng chuyn ngnh 2.1. Phng php ging dy ngha ca t vng. Trn thc t, khi ging vin ging dy ting Anh chuyn ngnh thng gp phi mt s

tr ngi nht nh. Sinh vin hc chuyn ngnh h c th hiu c bn cht ngha ca thut ng chuyn ngnh , nhng ging vin ch c th m bo cung cp ng ngha ca thut ng cho sinh vin. Khi ging t vng chuyn ngnh, chng ta nn tip cn theo

7

phng thc t vng v t vng l phn quan trng nht ca bt k ngn ng no. V d, mt ngi thnh tho cc quy tc ng php, nhng anh ta khng bit ngha ca t hoc cm t chuyn ngnh, lm th no anh ta din t c tng hoc hiu c thng tin m anh ta ang cn. Ngoi ra, ging dy cc nhm t chuyn ngnh thng i vi nhau l rt cn thit cho mc ch giao tip ca ngi hc. Cc nhm t gip sinh vin c th hiu c ni dung ca mt phn thng tin m cc t n l khc cu thnh da trn nhm t . C th ni rng ngi hc s s dng ngn ng chnh xc v tri chy hn nu nh h nh v bit kt hp cc nhm ngn t thng i vi nhau. Trong qu trnh ging dy t vng chuyn ngnh, mt thc t c rt ra, l cc t vng chuyn ngnh thng kh nh hn cc t vng thng dng trong i sng v ngi hc cn dnh nhiu thi gian hn na hc chng. Nguyn nhn ca vn ny c l l do cc cm t thng kt hp vi nhau xut hin thng xuyn trong chuyn ngnh v vic kt hp chng vi nhau chnh xc chnh l mt tr ngi i vi ngi hc. i khi s i chiu ng ngha gia ngn ng bn ng vi ngn ng th hai khng c s cn xng v s a dng ha t ca ngn ng th hai cng lm cho ngi hc mc phi li trong qu trnh hc. V d, reservation (AmE) booking (BrE). Trong qu trnh ging dy, ging vin nn gip sinh vin quen vi cc cm t chuyn ngnh v thi quen hc cm t chuyn ngnh ny s gip ngi hc pht trin tt vn t vng ca h.

Lm th no ngi hc c th hiu c ngha ca t vng chuyn ngnh? cng chnh l thch thc khi chuyn ti ngha ca t vng chuyn ngnh.

Trong qu trnh hc, ngi hc c th s dng rt nhiu cch hiu c ng ngha ca t, thng thng 4 cch m ngi hc c th s dng trong qu trnh hc nh; on ngha t ng cnh, hi gio vin, s dng t in chuyn ngnh v phn tch ngha t t loi.

+ Th thut hng dn ngi hc on ngha t ng cnh rt quan trng trong qu trnh ging dy t vng chuyn ngnh, ging vin nn nh hng cho ngi hc cc phng php on ngha ca t chuyn ngnh, iu ny kch thch ngi hc tnh ch ng tch cc trong qu trnh hc.

+ Vic hi ging vin v t vng c s dng cc bc u v tm hiu ngha ca t chuyn ngnh. i khi, sinh vin cng mun kim tra li ngha ca t m h suy on c chnh xc trong ng cnh hay khng. Vy ging vin nn cung cp mt t ng ngha bng ting Anh, hoc cung cp mt cu gii thch ngha ca t trnh dch trc tip ngay cho sinh vin.

+ Ging vin khuyn khch sinh vin s dng t in Anh Anh. Khi s dng t in ny sinh vin s hc thm c mt s t vng mt cch ngu nhin. Ni chung, s dng t in Anh Anh cung cp nhiu thng tin hn so vi mt t in song ng (Anh-Vit). Ging vin nn nh hng cho vic s dng t in Anh-Anh sau khi m sinh vin khng th on ngha ca t vng t ng cnh. Tuy vy, sinh vin cng c khuyn khch s dng t in Anh-Anh-Vit khi h khng th on ngha ca mt t chuyn ngnh. iu ny ph thuc vo cp sinh vin ang theo hc.

+ Vi t vng chuyn ngnh c th c suy on ngha bng vic phn tch t loi ca t cha bit ngha. Thng sinh vin s kt hp phng php ny vi mt trong nhng phng php khc nh l s dng t in hoc hi ging vin lm r ngha ca t.

8

2.2. Phng php nh t vng s dng s t duy 2.2.1. Li ch ca phng php p dng Bn t duy Sinh vin chuyn ngnh phi gp rt nhiu t mi trong mt chng trnh hc, mt bi

hc. Vy lm th no sinh vin c th nh t vng mt cch hiu qu v nhanh nht? iu ny ph thuc vo tng cch hc ca mi ngi hc. C th sinh vin hc t mi theo nhm t vng cn hc, s dng hnh nh, m thanh, dng cun s nh ghi ch cc t v cm t, hc nh nhm t vng, hoc t c cng t gc, thng xuyn s dng n t mi hc thng qua cu giao tip Bi vit s cung cp mt phng php n tp v s dng t vng theo phng php nhm t tch cc trn S t duy c Tony Buzan gii thiu. Khi sinh vin c tip xc vi t vng chuyn ngnh, ging vin c th yu cu sinh vin lp thnh bn t duy v dng bn ny n tp v cng c. Hnh 1.1 di y minh ha v mt cch hc v nh t vng chuyn ngnh.

Hnh 1.1: M t phng php hc t vng theo Bn t duy

Hin nay, chng ta thng ghi chp thng tin bng cc k t, ng thng, con s. Vi cch ghi chp ny, chng ta mi ch s dng mt na ca b no - no tri, m cha s dng k nng bn no phi, ni gip chng ta x l cc thng tin v nhp iu, mu sc, khng gian... v cch ghi chp thng thng kh nhn c tng th ca c vn .

Bn t duy cn gi l s t duy, lc t duy, l hnh thc ghi chp nhm tm ti o su, m rng mt tng, h thng ha mt ch hay mt mch kin thc, bng cch kt hp vic s dng ng thi hnh nh, ng nt, mu sc, ch vit vi s t duy tch cc.

u im ca bn t duy - D nhn, d vit. - Cc hng suy ngh ngay t u c m. - Kch thch hng th hc tp v kh nng sng to ca sinh vin. - Pht huy ti a tim nng ghi nh ca b no. - Rn luyn cch xc nh ch v pht trin chnh, ph mt cch logic. - Lun lun c th b sung ni dung.

9

Li ch ca bn t duy - Sng to hn - Tit kim thi gian - Ghi nh tt hn - Nhn thy bc tranh tng th - Pht trin nhn thc, t duy,

2.2.2. Gi phng php ging dy da trn Bn t duy Thng thng khi ging vin cung cp t vng trong mt bi hc, sinh vin thng c

gng tm ngha ca t vng m khng c cch h thng ha cc t vng ny d nh cho h. V d, trong bi 10 Interview (Basic English for Computing) trang 44 khi ging dy, ging vin s dng cc th thut ging ngha ca t vng v yu cu sinh vin sp xp nhm t vng thnh 3 nhm.

digital camera laser printer removable hard disk lightpen

USB flash drive CD-ROM disk trackerball HD-DVD

monitor joystick magnetic tape dot-matrix printer

fixed hard disk floppy disk keyboard graphics tablet

barcode reader webcam magneto-optical disk Blu-ray discs

portable projector scanner inkjet printer microphone

- Nhm 1: Output

- Nhm 2: Input

- Nhm 3: Storage

Sau , ging vin s yu cu sinh vin trnh by theo s t duy nh sau:

Hnh 1.2: M t nhm t vng theo Bn t duy theo bi Unit 10 BEC trang 44

10

Ging vin c th cung cp mt bn t duy sn, sau yu cu sinh vin trong lp nhn vo S t duy, t cu vi cc t vng trn bn t duy. Ty tng cp sinh vin m ging vin c th yu cu sinh vin tham gia cc hot ng cng c t vng. i vi bi trn, ging vin c th yu cu sinh vin a ra chc nng ca t vng v yu cu sinh vin m t cu trc ca mt my tnh da trn S t duy.

3. Kt lun Tm li, t vng l mt phn rt quan trng ca mt ngn ng, trch nhim ca ging

vin l s dng cc th thut ging dy lm giu vn t vng cho ngi hc. C rt nhiu phng php ging dy t vng hay. Tuy nhin, ging vin phi cn c vo trnh ca sinh vin m p dng nhng kinh nghim ging dy t vng cng hiu qu, n gin cng tt. Cc t vng khng nn ging dy mt cch ring bit, nn c ging dy trong ng cnh nhm mc ch gip sinh vin hiu, s dng chng giao tip. Ngoi ra, ging vin c gng hng dn sinh vin c k nng t hc v cng gii thiu cho sinh vin bit c rt nhiu cch hc t vng chuyn ngnh hay m h c th p dng vo hc.

Phng php s dng bn t duy vo trong hc tp khng nhng ch gip ngi hc h thng ha theo h thng m cn gip cho ngi hc ghi nh mt cch d dng. Vi phng php ny c th p dng c vo rt nhiu lnh vc trong c vic hc t vng chuyn ngnh.

TI LIU THAM KHO 01. Schmitt, N. (1997). Vocabulary learning strategies. In R. Carter & M. McCarthy

(Eds.), Vocabulary and language teaching (pp. 198218). New York: Longman.

02. Schmitt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

03. Sysoyev, P. V. (2000). Developing an English for Specific Purposes course using a learner centered approach: A Russian experience. The Internet TESL Journal, VI. Retrieved from the web on November 9, 2007: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Sysoyev-ESP.html.

04. Skmen, A. (1997). Current trends in teaching second language vocabulary. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy (pp. 237-257). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

05. Wallace, M. (1982). Teaching vocabulary. London: Heinemann Educational Books.

06. http://www.tonybuzan.com

11

Tham lun 4:

THC TRNG V VIC HC NGHE TING ANH CHUYN NGNH CA SINH VIN KHI CNG NGH THNG TIN (CNTT)

Ngi trnh by: ThS. Ng Th Xuyn Khoa Anh 5, Trng i hc KD v CN H Ni

1. LI M U K nng nghe cng vi cc k nng khc trong vic hc ting Anh to nn mt qu trnh

hc phc tp, trong ngi hc b tc ng bi rt nhiu yu t nh thi (Savignon (1976:295)), ng lc thc y, kh nng ngi hc/ nng khiu (Drnyei, 2005: 23), hay mi trng hc tp. iu ny c ngha l nu mt trong cc yu t ny b nh hng, kt qu hc tp ca ngi hc s b nh hng trc tip. C rt nhiu cc nghin cu c thc hin gip ngi hc nng cao kh nng nghe - hiu ting Anh. Cng c rt nhiu nghin cu v thi v cc yu t thc y ngi hc v ang c thc hin trong trng i Hc Kinh Doanh v Cng Ngh H Ni, vi mc ch hiu r nhn thc ca sinh vin v vic hc ting Anh v cc vn sinh vin ang gp phi.

Tuy nhin, k nng nghe vn l k nng m cc nh gio dc vn phi e ngi trong vic nng cao kh nng hiu v tng tc ca ngi hc, v k nng nghe c cho l k nng thch m kh c th theo c ca sinh vin (Nghin cu v mi tng quan gia thi vic hc nghe v kh nng nghe ca sinh vin Cng ngh Thng Tin (CNTT), (Ngo, 2013)). Vic dy ting Anh chuyn ngnh v vic hc nghe qua gio trnh chuyn ngnh l mt nhim v kh khn hn, bi kh ca ni dung bi nghe v thut ng chuyn ngnh, nhng n li l mn hc quan trng trong vic gip ngi hc tng tc vi my tnh, hiu v giao tip c trong mi trng cng ngh.

2. GIO TRNH INFOTECH Gio trnh Infotech l mt gio trnh hay, c thit k ph hp vi sinh vin khi

CNTT. Trong tham lun ny, tc gi ch xin cp n cc hot ng nghe c thit k trong cun sch. Cc hot ng nghe c thit k kh phong ph, a dng. Mi mt bi hc (unit) cung cp ngun ng liu ph hp vi ch ln (topic). Mt trong nhng im ni bt khc ca cun sch l cc nhim v nghe c thit k sau phn m u bi hc, phn c hiu v cc hot ng sau khi c, do vy cung cp c cho ngi hc ngun t vng b tr cho hot ng nghe phn tip theo.

Hnh nh di minh ha cho 1 hot ng/ nhim v nghe (listening task) trong gio trnh.

12

3. CC YU T LM GIM HIU QU VIC NGHE C rt nhiu yu t khc nhau lm gim hiu qu vic hc nghe ca sinh vin ni chung

v sinh vin CNTT ni ring. Mt s yu t ni bt s c trnh by trong phn ny ca tham lun.

- Trnh ca sinh vin: Trnh ting Anh ca sinh vin khi CNTT tng i khc nhau, iu ny nh hng kh r rt n hng th ngi hc. Mt bi nghe trong gio trnh Infotech thng c thit k sinh vin nghe trong vng 2 pht, v sinh vin cn nghe t nht 2 ln hon thnh bi tp. Vic gii quyt c nhim v ny l kh kh thi i vi phn a sinh vin khi CNTT - nhng sinh vin c vn ting Anh tch ly khng nhiu. S chnh lch v kh nng nghe kh r rt nhng lp hc ny. Thng thng nhng sinh vin c kh nng hc ting Anh, am m tm hiu v cng ngh c xu hng chia s. Tuy nhin, vic chia s li khng c cc bn quan tm lng nghe. Nhng sinh vin c kh nng ting Anh yu hn so vi cc sinh vin trong lp thng khng c ng lc hc, hoc th vi vic hc. Nhm sinh vin ny lun c t tng rng c c nghe th cng khng th nghe ra, v h thng t tch mnh ra khi cc hot ng hc.

- Hot ng hc (pre-listening/ while-listening/ post-listening): Nhiu hot ng nghe c an xen vo tit hc, tuy nhin v kh nng ca mi sinh vin l khc nhau nn mc tp trung v hng th l khc nhau. Khi sinh vin c yu cu lm vic theo nhm th trong nhm ch c mt s sinh vin tp trung hot ng, cn li ch i ph vi vic gio vin yu cu. y l mt thc trng ph bin trong cc lp hc, c th trong cc lp CNTT.

- Th ng vi thng tin: Thc t ny th hin qua vic tm kim ngun din gii (tapescript) v ph thuc vo ngun ti liu c cung cp vi mc ch gip cho sinh vin ch ng trong vic hc. Khi khng on c thng tin ca bi nghe trong ln nghe u tin, sinh vin c xu hng s dng ti liu ny ngay lp tc, khng cn n lc nghe.

- B tr lp hc v cc yu t khc: Vic b tr lp hc l mt trong nhng yu t gim thiu hiu qu vic hc. Lp hc khng c cch m, cht lng a nghe cha tt cng dn ti hot ng nghe b nh hng.

13

4. GII PHP C P DNG Gio vin ng vai tr quan trng trong vic lnh hi kin thc ca sinh vin. Gio vin

khng ch l ngi h tr khi sinh vin gp kh khn trong vic hc, m cn l ngi iu phi vic hc, v quan trng hn gio vin cng l nhng nh ngh s bi h l ngi a ra cc chin thut hc ph hp, lc cng lc nhu gip ngi hc t c kt qu. Gio vin khch l sinh vin trong qu trnh hc bng vic a ra nhn xt tch cc, hay thng qua im thng hay tch ly im khi sinh vin n lc hc tp. l l do ti sao im chuyn cn mn ting Anh ca sinh vin mt s lp CNTT cao, bi l l n lc ca cc em trong c qu trnh hc tp. Tuy nhin, gio vin cng cn nghim tc hng dn sinh vin c thi hc tp ng n, trnh s th ng trong vic s dng ngun ti liu (v d: phn din gii li thoi trong a nghe (tapescript)) m khng tp trung lng nghe.

Bn cnh , cc bc trong qu trnh dy nghe ca gio vin lun linh hot. Gio vin lun quan tm tm hiu, nm bt kh nng lnh hi ca sinh vin tng lp thit k bi ging ph hp m vn m bo cc bc gio hc php trong bui dy v hc nghe.

- Bc 1 (Pre-listening): gip cho sinh vin gi nh mt s kin thc v CNTT, hoc gi sinh vin vi mt s thut ng h tr cho bc th 2 (While-listening). V t vng xut hin trong bi l nhng thut ng chuyn ngnh nn gio vin c th s dng hnh nh minh ha, cch gii thch bng cc nh ngha ngay trong bi hc, hay s dng bn t duy cung cp t vng lin quan.

- Bc 2 (While-listening): Gio vin cho sinh vin nghe nhiu hn mt ln (ty vo kh ca bi nghe), nm bt c ni dung. hiu bi th ngi hc s dng c hai qu trnh hc bottom-up (linguistic knowledge) v top-down (prior knowledge). Ni cch khc, i vi qu trnh th nht, sinh vin phi t bt c cc t kha lm nn cho vic hiu, chin thut m gio vin a ra l note-taking (ghi chp nhng t ng nghe c). Qu trnh th hai l chin thut m gio vin thng tn dng l da trn hiu bit ca sinh vin v cng ngh suy on, a ra cu tr li.

- Bc th 3 (Post-listening): Gio vin thit k nhng hot ng sau nghe gip sinh vin cng c bi hc, v ghi nh thng tin di hn. Cc hot ng c xy dng nh gap-filling, summary, hoc c th lng hot ng ni vo trong hot ng nghe trnh sc nng ca bi hc, hoc to hng th cho ngi hc qua nhng hot ng nghe tp trung cao .

Vic trao i kinh nghim v tnh hnh hc tp ca cc lp cng c cc gio vin dy ting Anh chuyn ngnh CNTT thc hin c nhng tit dy v hc sinh ng v hng th.

Ni tm li, vic dy v hc lun l mt qu trnh tng h ln nhau. Sinh vin c thi ng n vi vic hc s to ng lc cho gio vin tm ti phng php ging dy mi, hiu qu hn. V ngc li, vai tr ca ngi gio vin gip cho ngi hc ch ng hn trong vic hc v c am m hc tp hn.

14

REFERENCES 1. Savignon, S. (1972). Communicative competence: An experiment in foreign language

teaching. Philadelphia: Center for Curriculum Development.

2. Drnyei, Z. 2005. Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Mahweh ; London : Lawrence Erlbaum

3. V, Th Bch Thu. (2008). Co-operative learning as an approach to improving speaking skills for the second-year non-major students of English at Hanoi University of Business and Technology. Unpublished M.A. Thesis

4. Nguyn, Th Xuyn. (2010). Motivation in learning English among the second-year students in Faculty of Banking and Finance, Hanoi University of Business and Technology. Unpublished M.A. Thesis

5. Ng, Th Xuyn. (2014). An Investigation into the Correlation between Learners Attitudes towards Learning Listening and their Listening Performance at Hanoi University of Business and Technology. Unpublished M.A. Thesis

15

Tham lun 5:

NNG CAO K NNG NI CHO SINH VIN QUA VIC S DNG TNH HUNG TRONG GI HC NI TING ANH CHUYN NGNH

Ngi trnh by: ThS. Nguyn Th Tnh Khoa Anh 6, Trng i hc KD v CN H Ni

1. L do chn ti Hu ht ngi hc Ting Anh u mong mun c th s dng Ting Anh trong nhng

tnh hung thc t m h gp phi, c bit l cc tnh hung lin quan n cng vic ca h. Nhn li vic dy v hc Ting Anh chuyn ngnh c th thy rng gip ngi hc t c mong mun trn chnh l mt trong nhng mc tiu quan trng ca kha hc. Mt s ngi dy v ngi hc cho rng hc Ting Anh chuyn ngnh l hc tht nhiu t vng lin quan n chuyn ngnh . C nhn ti th ngh mt mnh t vng khng th xy dng nn mt ngn ng v c bit nu ch c t vng th ngi hc kh c th giao tip thnh cng trong cc tnh hung c th ca chuyn ngnh.

Ti Trng i Hc Kinh Doanh v Cng Ngh hin ang dy Ting Anh chuyn ngnh cho sinh vin ca rt nhiu ngnh hc nh Kinh t, Cng ngh thng tin, Kin trc, C in - in t, vv. C th thy vic hc v dy Ting Anh chuyn ngnh nhn c nhiu s quan tm v u t t pha lnh o nh trng. Mc tiu m Nh trng ra l gip cho sinh vin sau khi ra trng c th ch ng v t tin giao tip bng Ting Anh trong cc tnh hung cng vic thc t m cc em gp phi. Mt trong s nhng cch t c mc tiu ny l to cho sinh vin c hi va chm v lm quen vi nhng tnh hung c th xy ra cng nh c trang b k nng giao tip Ting Anh nht nh trong cc tnh hung . Chnh v iu ny, ti cho rng nu p dng cc tnh hung trong gi hc ni ca sinh vin s c th gip cc em ci thin k nng ni v nng cao kh nng s dng Ting Anh cho cc em trong tng lai.

Cc tnh hung m ti mun cp ti s dng chnh l nhng hon cnh c th gn lin vi c th tng ngnh, trong i hi sinh vin phi s dng Ting Anh gii quyt cng vic. L sinh vin chuyn ngnh, cc em c kin thc ngnh nht nh nn khi cn gii quyt mt tnh hung lin quan cc em s c li th v mt tng. y l c hi cc em th hin t duy ngnh ca mnh vo tnh hung cng vic thc t, chnh v vy cc em s c phn t tin v ho hng hn khi tham gia hot ng. Nh s ho hng tham gia ca sinh vin m gi hc s tr nn si ni hn, thnh cng v hiu qu hn.

Thc trng v li ch k trn l l do ti sao vic p dng tnh hung li l mt trong nhng la chn trong gi hc ni hc phn Ting Anh chuyn ngnh.

2. Nhng lu khi p dng tnh hung trong gi ni Nh ni cc phn trn, vic p dng tnh hung trong gi hc ni s c th gip

ci thin k nng ni ca sinh vin. Tuy nhin lm c iu ny, gio vin cn phi lu cc vn sau y:

Tnh hung phi thit thc v a dng: Khi gio vin a ra tnh hung th cn phi c bit cn nhc xem sinh vin ca mnh l sinh vin chuyn ngnh g c tnh hung

16

ph hp vi thc t chuyn ngnh . Tnh hung cng thit thc sinh vin cng hng th v cc em c c hi c sng trong mt x hi thu nh c th thch ng v va chm vi hon cnh dn dn. Ngoi ra, cc tnh hung cng cn phi a dng trnh tnh trng lp li trong nhiu tit hc khin sinh vin cm thy nhm chn v mt i t duy sng to.

V d: Nu l sinh vin chuyn ngnh ngn hng th cc tnh hung phi lin quan n cc hot ng ti ngn hng v ti cc vn phng giao dch nh m ti khon, t vn vay vn Cn sinh vin ngnh CNTT th phi l cc tnh hung lin quan n hot ng trong lnh vc CNTT, n linh kin my tnh, o to ngi dng v thm ch l mua bn my tnh.

Trang b tt cho sinh vin trc mi tnh hung: y l yu cu v cng quan trng. nh rng sinh vin c li th v mt tng nhng cc em phi din t cc tng bng Ting Anh. V vy gio vin cn cung cp cho cc em nhng cu trc, nhng cm t v phn ngn ng c th thng c s dng trong tnh hung nh th cc em c th p dng v tin hnh hot ng d dng hn.

V d: Nu mun sinh vin chuyn ngnh qun l thc hin tnh hung t chc cuc hp trong cng ty th phi cung cp cc cu trc thng dng trong bui hp nh gii thiu mc ch cuc hp ( The aim of the meeting is), th hin quan im (I think/In my opinion), ngt li (Could I just comment on that?...)

3. Cc bc tin hnh Ti xin minh ha cc bc tin hnh mt gi hc ni c s dng tnh hung thng qua

v d c th sau:

Tnh hung: M mt ti khon ngn hng (Opening a bank account)

- Cung cp cho sinh vin mt i thoi mu (di dng handout) nh v d sau:

A: Could I help you? B: Yes, please. I want to open a new account in your bank. What kind of accounts can I open

here? A: Our bank offer current accounts and fixed accounts for individuals. B: I want to open a current account. A: Please give me your ID card or passport? B: Ok. Here you are. A: Let me see, Now Ill open a new account for you. Please wait a second. B: Thanks. A: Sir, your card is ok. Here it is. B: Many thanks. - T handout gio vin yu cu sinh vin cho bit l tnh hung g, din ra u,

trong tnh hung c nhng ai, cng vic hoc vai tr ca h c th l g?

V d: T handout trn sinh vin c th cho bit l mt bi i thoi trong ngn hng gia mt giao dch vin (A) v mt khch hng (B), khch hng mun m mt ti khon ngn hng.

17

- Gio vin nhn xt v yu cu sinh vin lit k ra nhng t, nhng cm t hoc cu trc m cc em nhn din c v cho l c th s dng trong tnh hung .

V d: trong tnh hung trn sinh vin c th lit k cc t chuyn ngnh nh: bank account, current account, fixed account v cc cu trc c s dng trong tnh hung trn nh: Could I help you?/ I want to open a bank account./ Our bank offer current accounts and fixed account.

- Sau phn lit k ca sinh vin, nu cn thiu gio vin c th b sung v gii thch c th hn cc ngn ng chc nng cn thit xut hin trong cc t liu v cung cp thm cc cu trc khc (situational language) c th s dng sinh vin dng trong tnh hung tng t. V d:

Giao dch vin Khch hng

How may I help you?

What kind of account would you like to open?

Could you give me some details about..?

Please fill in this form.

Please sign your name here.

Excuse me, could you do me a favor?

Id like to open a bank account.

Is it free of charge or do I have to pay?

What do you mean by current account?

When can I use my account?

- Gio vin chia sinh vin theo cp ri chuyn tnh hung cn thc hnh n sinh vin. Sau khi a ra tnh hung p dng, gio vin s kim tra li t m bo sinh vin hiu r tnh hung v nhim v ca mnh. Nu c ch no sinh vin cha r gio vin phi gii thch sinh vin bit mnh cn lm g.

V d: pht cho sinh vin handout tnh hung sau:

Student A: bank clerk Student B: customer

- Greeting and welcoming the customer

- Answering Bs questions, explaining clearly about the policies.

- Explaining the process of opening an account.

- Responding appropriately and saying thank you and goodbye

- Explaining needs: open a fixed account

- Asking about requirements: fee, personal details, time, insurrance

- Filling the form, asking for clarifications when needed.

- Finnishing, saying thank you and goodbye

- Khuyn khch sinh vin chia vai ph hp v p dng ti ta cc cu trc nu trn vo bi thc hnh ca mnh. Trong khi sinh vin thc hnh, gio vin c th n tng nhm tr gip khi cn thit. Thi gian ny gio vin c th ng thi kim tra sn phm ca cc nhm.

- Yu cu tng nhm thc hnh trc lp. Sau phn thc hnh ca tng nhm, gio vin yu cu cc nhm khc nhn xt v gp hon thin. Cui cng l nhn xt v gp ca gio vin nhm v cc nhm cn li hc tp v rt kinh nghim.

18

- Kt thc gi hc bng cch gi m v tnh hung cho bui hc ti sinh vin c th v tm hiu nhng iu lin quan.

4. Nhng kh khn trong vic p dng tnh hung vo gi hc ni Ngoi nhng im mnh l sinh vin ho hng tham gia v gio vin c th d dng

trin khai hot ng, th vic p dng tnh hung vo dy ni cng c mt s hn ch nht nh nh yu cu gio vin phi c s chun b cng phu v cn thn tnh hung va thit thc li va th v. Gio vin cng cn phi trang b cho mnh mt lng kin thc nht nh v ngnh hc c th c th gi m cho sinh vin v tng khi cc em gp kh khn. Ngoi ra cn d xy ra tnh trng mt s sinh vin khng hp tc hoc khng p dng tc th c cc n v ngn ng ng dng tnh hung thc hnh cng nhm.

5. xut nng cao cht lng gi hc s dng tnh hung, mi gio vin nn n lc tm hiu

thm v chuyn ngnh c th lin quan n sinh vin mnh ang ging dy c th hiu thm v c s h tr cho cc em khi cn thit. Bn cnh cc thy, c cn c s chun b cng phu trc mi gi ln lp, lun lm mi cc tnh hung tng hng th hc tp ca sinh vin t to cho cc em lng ham hc cng nh nhn thy c tnh thit thc ca mi gi hc. Ngoi ra, hot ng ny cng cn nhn c s quan tm ng h t pha nh trng nhm ng vin khuyn khch gio vin p dng hot ng dy hc ny mt cch thng xuyn v rng ri hn.

C th ni dy v hc thc cht l mt ngh thut. Ty theo quan im ca mi ngi m mi phng php v hot ng dy hc s c nhng gi tr v hn ch khc nhau. Chnh v th ti khng ni hot ng s dng tnh hung l hot ng tt nht hay duy nht nng cao k nng ni cho sinh vin. Vi kinh nghim cha nhiu ca mnh, ti ch thy y l mt trong nhng cch c th nng cao hng th ca sinh vin v nng cao cht lng dy-hc nn mun chia s cc thy c cng tham kho ri t c th p dng hoc p dng phn no vo bi dy ca thy c nu ph hp. Ti hi vng nhn c s gp ca cc thy, c hot ng dy hc ny c hon thin hn v c th c p dng rng ri ti trng chng ta.

19

Tham lun 6:

LM GIU VN T VNG TING ANH CHUYN NGNH CHO SINH VIN KHI KINH T: THC TRNG V GII PHP Ngi trnh by: ThS. V M Dung Khoa Anh 6, Trng i hc KD v CN H Ni

I. S CN THIT PHI LM GIU VN T VNG TING ANH CHO NGI HC

Trong dy v hc ting Anh, t vng l mt trong ba thnh t to thnh h thng kin thc ngn ng v ng vai tr l phng tin, iu kin hnh thnh v pht trin k nng giao tip. Mt nh nghin cu ch ra rng, xy nn mt bc tng ngn ng th t vng l nhng vin gch cn ng php v cc cu trc cu l nhng mch va gn kt nhng vin gch to nn bc tng ngn ng. V vy, vic lm giu vn t vng c bit quan trng i vi sinh vin khi kinh t khi hc ting Anh chuyn ngnh h c th s dng tt Ting Anh trong mi trng lm vic trong nc cng nh quc t. Tuy nhin, lm c iu ny sinh vin cn nhn thc c tm quan trng ca t vng khi hc ting Anh chuyn ngnh ng thi cn la chn cc phng php hc t vng hiu qu.

II. THC TRNG VIC DY V HC T VNG TING ANH CHUYN NGNH TRONG TRNG H KINH DOANH V CNG NGH H NI

1. Ging vin: Do thi lng cho phn dy t vng t nn gio vin thng khuyn khch ngi hc

s dng t in khi hc vi mc ch tm hiu ngha ca t nhanh. Vic dy t vng ch yu tp trung vo ngha ca t. Vic ging gii quy tc ngn ng l c bn. kim tra s thng hiu v ni dung bi kha v cc quy tc ngn ng, ngi hc thng c yu cu dch cc bi kha sang ting m . Do , ngi hc t c c hi luyn tp k nng giao tip v khng hiu r ngha ca t vng trong cc vn cnh c th.

2. Sinh vin: Nhn chung, sinh vin cha nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vic hc t vng ting

Anh chuyn ngnh. Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh hc h cn gp kh khn khi tm hiu v ngha/cch s dng t/thut ng chuyn ngnh do khi hc ph thng ch h ch c hc ting Anh c bn. Kin thc v ting Anh chuyn ngnh i vi sinh vin cc khi kinh t khi bt u vo i hc l hu nh cha c. Vic hc ting Anh chuyn ngnh vi nhng SV mi ny gn nh bt u t u. Nhiu SV cha coi trng/ cha chu kh hc v ghi nh t vng. Ngoi ra, i vi cc sinh vin lin thng trong trng do c mt phn kh ln l nhng ngi ln tui v i lm v c gia nh nn h cn gp nhiu kh khn hn v h khng c nhiu thi gian u t vo vic hc ting Anh ni chung v hc t vng ni ring.

20

III. MT S GII PHP NNG CAO CHT LNG DY HC T VNG CHUYN NGNH

1. Nng cao nhn thc vic trau di vn t ting Anh cho sinh vin Gio vin nn l nhng nh t vn gip SV hiu rng tm bng i hc cha phi l

chic cha kha vng kim c mt cng vic tt nht. c c mt cng vic tt, ngoi vic gii chuyn mn, bn phi c mt k nng giao tip ting Anh tt. Mun giao tip tt, ngi hc phi tch ly c vn t vng phong ph. Giao tip ting Anh tt l mt trong nhng th mnh hng u thuyt phc nh tuyn dng v n l ngn ng giao tip quc t.

2. i mi phng php ging dy t vng Dy hc theophng php Giao tip (Communicative Approach) c xem nh

phng php dy hc ngoi ng ph bin nht v hiu qu nht hin nay. Qua , coi mc tiu cui cng ca dy hc ngoi ng l pht trin k nng giao tip. giao tip hiu qu, ngi hc cn phi s dng cc t vng thch hp vi tnh hung giao tip (situations) trong yu cu ngi tham gia giao tip phi th hin c nh giao tip (intention) thng qua vic thc hin cc nhim v khc nhau (tasks).

y, chng ta cn hiu r mt s khi nim v t vng trong vic dy v hc ting Anh ni chung.

Mt s th thut lm r ngha t: a/ Dng trc quan nh: vt tht trn lp, tranh nh, hnh v phc ho (hnh que),

hnh ct dn t tp ch, c ch iu b v.v.

b/ Dng ngn ng hc: nh ngha, miu t ; dng t ng ngha, tri ngha; da vo cc quy tc hnh thnh t, to t; to tnh hung; on ngha ca t trong ng cnh

c) Dch sang ting m .

Khi la chn t dy, gio vin cn lu mt s vn : -Vi cc t ch ng , lin quan n c 4 k nng nghe, ni, c, vit, GV cn u t

thi gian gii thiu v luyn tp nhiu hn, c bit l cch s dng. Vi t b ng, gio vin c th ch dng li mc nhn bit, khng cn u t thi gian vo cc hot ng ng dng. Gio vin cn xc nh xem s dy t no nh mt t b ng v t no nh mt t ch ng. Vi t b ng, gio vin c th khuyn khch ngi hc t tm hiu ngha t (v d: tra t in), hoc on t qua ng cnh.

-Vn t ca ngi hc lun lun c m rng bng nhiu con ng, v cng c th b qun bng nhiu l do khc nhau. trnh tnh trng gii thiu nhng t khng cn thit v mt thi gian, gio vin c th dng nhng th thut nhm pht hin xem cc em bit nhng t cha v bit n u. Gio vin c th dng cc th thut nh eliciting; brainstorming; hoc c th hi trc tip hc sinh nhng t no l t mi v kh trong bi.

Vic dy v hc t vng theo phng php giao tip c th tun theo nhng nguyn tc sau:

- Dy v hc t thng qua luyn tp cc k nng giao tip:

21

Vic hc t thng qua qua cc k nng giao tip gip ngi hc hiu ngha t d dng hn v cc k nng giao tip lun mang ng cnh giao tip c th v sinh ng. Mt khc, vic hc t thng qua cc k nng giao tip kch thch nhu cu s dng t mi nh mt cng c pht trin cc k nng.

Ngoi ra, gio vin cn to iu kin cho ngi hc pht trin vn t vng ngu nhin (incidental learning) thng qua c rng (extensive reading) v nghe rng (extensive listening). iu ny gip ngi hc hc t mi v cc t ny c t trong ng cnh c th.

- Dy v hc t c tn sut s dng cao: Ting Anh cng ging bt k ngn ng no u c mt s t c s dng trong nhiu

ng cnh khc nhau (high-frequency words), mt s t khc c mc s dng hn ch hn (low-frequency words). Vic chn cc t c tn sut s dng cao dy s gip vic hc t t hiu qu cao hn v nhng t c ngi hc s dng thng xuyn trong nhiu tnh hung giao tip khc nhau.

- Dy v hc t mt cch tng th: Chng ta u bit hc t m ch ch n ngha s khng t c mc ch giao tip

cao. Do , khi dy v hc t cn ch n cc kha cnh khc ca t nh: hnh thi ch vit (spelling), cch pht m (pronunciation), hnh thi ng ngha (lexical meaning), hnh thi ng php (grammatical form) v cch s dng (use).

- Dy v hc t thng qua nhiu th thut khc nhau: Nh ni trn, gio vin cn s dng cc th thut khc nhau gii thiu t mi

hoc kt hp nhiu th thut gii thiu mt t mi. Vic lm ny gip dy t vng c hiu qu hn v gip ngi hc nh t lu hn. Mt iu cn lu l dch t mi sang ting m l mt th thut dy t c kt qu, song gio vin nn hn ch s dng th thut ny v vic ph thuc qu nhiu vo dch s lm gim kh nng giao tip ca ngi hc.

- Dy v hc t thng qua luyn tp thc hnh: Gio vin cn t chc cc hot ng thc hnh v n luyn cng c t thng qua nghe,

ni, c v vit tng tri chy khi s dng t. Cc hot ng ny s gip ngi hc tp trung vo vic nhn bit v s dng cc t hc thnh tho trong tng ng cnh.

- Ch trng n vai tr ca ngi hc trong vic dy v hc t vng: Gio vin cn khuyn khch ngi hc tham gia tch cc vo vic hc t thng qua

mt qu trnh lu di v lin tc. Mc d gio vin c th cung cp cho ngi hc cc thng tin v t vng v h tr ngi hc trong qu trnh hc t.

- Dy v hc t thng qua s dng t in: GV cn hng dn v khuyn khch ngi hc s dng t in v t in l phng

tin tra cu c lc cho vic hc c bit l t in chuyn ngnh. Vic hng dn s dng t in s gip ngi hc nng cao kh nng t hc ng thi gp phn lm cho vic dy t t hiu qu cao. Mi ngy hc thuc 5 t vng ting Anh chuyn ngnh - l mt trong nhng cch hay ngy cng lm giu vn t chuyn ngnh cho ngi hc.

22

* Trong qu trnh dy hc, GV gi vai tr l ngi hng dn, t chc thc hin; ngi hc ng vai tr ch o trong qu trnh dy hc; tc l phi pht huy cao tnh tch cc ca hc vin trong luyn tp thc hnh. Mun thc hin c, c nhn ngi hc phi tch cc v t gic tham gia thc hnh, khng s mc li, v cn lu rng lu lot/tri chy (fluency) trong giai on ny l rt quan trng.

3. Tng cng kim tra nh gi vic hc t cho sinh vin Kim tra vic hc ting Anh ni chung v t vng ni ring l rt quan trng v xuyn

sut qu trnh ging dy. Gio vin c th p dng cc hnh thc kim tra phong ph khc nhau c trn lp v bi tp v nh. Mt s dng bi tp kim tra t vng nh: hon thnh cu/on vn dng t/ thut ng cho hoc khng c t/thut ng cho trc, ni cc t vi cc nh ngha/gii thch tng ng, ni ng t/tnh t vi cc t/cm t to thnh cc kt hp t, tm t ng ngha/tri ngha, ch, cc bi tp v cu to t, tm t khc loi, lit k t vng theo ch im/ t loi, cha li sai, trc nghim nhiu la chn, cc bi tp kim tra cch pht m/ trng m

IV. KT LUN V KHUYN NGH M rng vn t vng ting Anh chuyn ngnh rt quan trng. Sinh vin cn tch ly

vn t vng lin quan n chuyn ngnh mnh ang hc/ang lm vic, tm hiu cch s dng chng trong tng vn cnh t n gin n phc tp thng bt gp trong cuc sng hoc ni lm vic hng ngy. ng thi, gio vin lun phi ng vai tr l ngi dn dt, nh hng. Nh th, lng t mi ngy mt tng ln v ngi hc s ngy cng t tin trong giao tip ting Anh.

Mt s khuyn ngh: - BCN cc khoa ting Anh chuyn ngnh nn c chuyn v gio trnh v i mi

phng php ging dy cho GV trong khoa. - BCN cc khoa ting Anh chuyn ngnh cn cng phi hp c k hoch son

tho chng trnh/ lch trnh ging dy ph hp vi i tng ngi hc tng khoa (SV chnh qui v SV lin thng). BCN cc khoa ting Anh chuyn ngnh, HKH ting Anh cn phi hp c k hoch nghin cu a vo s dng thm mt s gio trnh ph hp vi SV cc chuyn ngnh k ton, ti chnh, ngn hng