6.101 design presentation · 6.101 design presentation helmuth naumer and mark theng. active sonar...

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6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng

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Page 1: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

6.101 Design Presentation

Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng

Page 2: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Active Sonar Tracking System

Page 3: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Ideal End Result

Angle

Distance

Page 4: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Quick Background Information● Linear Array Beamforming

● I/Q signals

● Windowed Pulse

Page 5: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Introduction to Beamforming

Path LengthDifference

θ

Antenna Spacing

Page 6: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

I/Q Signals

In Phase and Quadrature

Phase Manipulation

Page 7: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Pulse Design

Page 8: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Pulse Design

Page 9: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

System Overview

Page 10: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

CompleteSystem Architecture

Page 11: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

BeamformingArray

Page 12: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Voltage ControlledPhase Shifter

Page 13: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

All-PassFilter

Page 14: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Voltage ControlledAmplifier

Page 15: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Signal Conditioning

Page 16: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Sound

Page 17: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

System Overview (Recap)

No feedback!

Page 18: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Angle Sweep (Triangle Wave Generator)

Thresholding → Square Wave

Integrator

Min/Max more important than frequency

Page 19: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Timer

Current Source

ThresholdingCharge on cap measures time

OUT

TICKNeed to prevent partial reset

← Reset

Page 20: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Timer

Current Source

ThresholdingCharge on cap measures time

IN

OUT

← Reset

OUT

TICK

Pulse Extender

Page 21: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Sampling

Drawing takes 2ms

Angle changes by 10mV -- acceptableTimer changes by 0.26V -- not acceptable

Need to sample timer voltage before drawing

Page 22: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Sampler

Page 23: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Sampler

Body Diode

Doesn’t work!

Page 24: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

SamplerIN

OUT

Ensure current only flows in one direction

Current

Page 25: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Drawing

Angle

Distance

Page 26: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Drawing Circles

90° Phase Shift

Page 27: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Challenges● Noisy Signals

○ Interference and false echoes● Mathematical Precision

○ Accurate phase shifts for beamforming● Small Voltages

○ 5V USB power supply

Page 28: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Timeline

4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7Single Microphone

Beamforming PCB/Stretch Goals

Final Debugging/ Checkoff

Distance reading only

Page 29: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Thank You!

Page 30: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Voltage ControlledPhase Shifter

Page 31: 6.101 Design Presentation · 6.101 Design Presentation Helmuth Naumer and Mark Theng. Active Sonar Tracking System. Ideal End Result Angle Distance. Quick Background Information Linear

Trigger Generator

RC Timer

BJT Buffer

IN

OUT