7 / هچابيد يكشزپ ... -...

7

��

7ديباچه / روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

8


9


10



11

دستور روزه در قرآن

� ��

��

��

00/ دستور روزه در قرآن روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

13

سؤاالت:

NON ULCER DYSPESIA

IBS)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Diarrhea

01/ گوارش روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

14

پاسخ ها:

P.U

P.G

P.U

Anti H.P

15

PPI H2blocker

16

N.U.D

NSAID

pG

NSAIDS

1g/TDS

Hisangl

17

B.SI

I. B. S

18

I.B.D

Functional

K, N a

19

روزه و گوارش:

20

…

…

joan Frumusan

alexis carral


21

Peptic Ulcer Disease

PUD

PUD


22

(free living)

(fasting

(Healing)

D.UProton Pump Inhibitor

D.U

D.U

PH

PH PH

PHPH

H


23

H

H

–


24

استفتائات:

…

…

……

…

…


25

…

……

…

…

……

…

…

…

…

…


26


27

Reference:1)Ashraf V,van Someren ,N QLigly EN ,Et al .Gilbert syndrome and Ramadan

:Exacerebration of uncongugated hyperbilirobenimeia .J clin Gastroentrol 1994 :1912

:122-4.

2)Dodereici O,Termizhan AK ,Ucukbas T .et al .Effect of Ramadan on perticiwcol

complication .scanel J Gastroentrology 1994 JUL ;2 x 71 :603-6.

3)Hakk out ,Taria ,Iraquil ,et al .The observance of Ramadan and its reqercussion on

gastric .Gastroentralol clin bio1994 :18 (3):190-4.

4)Frost G,Piranis .Meal frequency and nutritional intake during Ramadan :a pilot study

.Hum Nutr appinutr 1987 feb ;HI (1):47-50

5)Finch GM ,day GE ,Razak , Et al ,Appetite changes under free living conditions during

Ramadan fasting .Appetite 1998 OCT ;31 (2):159 :159 -70.

6)Mehdi A,Ajmis .effects of the observane of diamal fast Ramadan on duodenal ulcer

healing .Gasteroentrol din biol 1997 ; 21 (11):820-2.

7)Irakil ,Abkaril A ,Vallot T,et al .Effect of Ramadan fasting on intragastric PH recoreded

during 24 hours in healthy subjects.Gastroenter clibio 1997 ;21 :813-9.

8)Sana SK .acyclic motor activity .migrating motor coplex 1985.Gastroentrology 89 :814

.1985.

9)Ellenbogen syenkins SA .apre dueodenened mechanism in initiating gall baldder

empyting in man .Brysurg .15 :950 ,1988.


29

سؤاالت:

PIH

AUB

NVD

C/S

09/ زنان روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

30

پاسخ ها:

OCP spotting

OCP

OCP

AUB

OCP

OCP

OCP

LBWIUGR

U/A

CNS

NPO


31

Upper Limited

Gravis

Bun-

cr,plt,wBc,LFT

Vaginal BleedingSpotting

Hbl0gm/dl


32

روزه و زنان:

LBW

FFA

Accelerated

Starvation


33

Turnover


34

استفتائات:


35


36

Reference:1)Cross JH.Eminson j,wharton BA ,Ramadan and birth weight at full term in asian

moslem pregnant women in Birmingham Arch Dis child 1990 oct ; 65 (10 spec no ):1053-

6.

2) Mihotra a, Scoot PH. Et al .metabolic changes in Asian muslems pregnant mothers

observing Ramadan fast in britain.Brjnutrl 1989 May; 61 (3):663-72.3

3) Prentic AM, lamb WH, metabolic cosequence of fasting during Ramadan in pregnant

and lactating woman.HUMNutrclin 1983 Jul; 37 (4):283-94.

4) Prentice AM, Lamb WH,et al .the effects of water obstention on milk synthesis in

lactating women.Clin sci (colch ) 1984 mar ;66(3):991 -8.

5) Proceedings of the First International Congress on Health and Ramadan. 19-22 January

1994, Casablanca, Morocco.


38

سؤاالت:

18/ غدد روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

39

پاسخ ها:

IDDM

IDDM

NIDDM

EuthyroidmyxedemaEuthyroid

methimazoleBID


40

1-Addissonydiseae 2-Hypituitarism 3-Diabetinesidus 4-Hyperpatrthyroidism 5-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal insufficiency 6- Pheochromocytoma


41

روزه غدد:

Lispro

NIDDM

OHA

C-PeptideHBA LCFBS

Total Blood Cholestrol Concentration

NIDDM

OHA


42

OHA

NIDDM

Hb A1C

NIDDM

T3T4TSH

TSH

TGSHDL LDL

LDLVLDL

HDLAPOAI

APOBA1

APOB

APOA1prefasting

APOAll


43

A1

Body composition

circadian

Counterbalanced

HDLLDL

TGS

TGs

HDL

LDL

(Total energy intake )

p


44

Circadian time

D.U

pH

D.U

kalkg

prefasting

Kg

VO2max

250nml/l

single-point

––5-monodeiodiation

22/ غدد ه پزشكي روزه از ديدگا

45

T3T4T3T3Reverse T3

TSHTSH

TRH

T3TSHTRH

TSHTRH

T3T4TSH

FSH

LHGnRHFSH GnRh

TRH


46

:تاستفتائا

22/ غدد ديدگاه پزشكي روزه از

47

Reference: 1-AKRAM J, De verga v, Insulin Lipro (Iys(1328), pro (1329) in the treatment of diabets during the fasting month of

Ramadan. Ramadan study Grup. Diabet med 19999 oct; 16(10); 861-6

2-Laajam MA..Ramaden fasting and non-insulin-dependent diabetes; affect on metabolic control. East afr. Medj

1990 oct: (10) 732-6

3-Mafauzy M.Mihammad W13,Anum MY ,et al. A Study of the fasting diabetic patient during the month of Ramadan. Medj

Malaysia 199 Mar; 45(1): 14-7

4-Belkhdirj, el ghomari, H, Kloker N, Muslimes with non-insulin dependent diabets fsating during Ramadan:

treatment with glibenclimide. Bmj 1993 juL 31:307 (6899): 222-5

5-Sajid KM, AkhurM, Mahik GQ. Ramadan fastig and thyroid hormone profile. Jp Maj pak Med Assoc 1991 sep; 41(9): 213-6.

6-Hallk MH, Nomani Mr. Body Waiht loss and changes in blood lipid levels in normal men on hypocaloric diet during

Ramandan Fasting, Am j clin Nutr 1988 Nov; 48(5) 1197-210

7-Maislos M, Khamaysin, Assilia, etal. Marked increase in plasma High- density- lipoprotein cholestrol affter prolonged fasting

during Ramadan. Amj clin nutr 1993 May; 57(5): 640-2.

8-Alonia A. ghalim N, sailer, Beneficial effect on serum apo AI, apo B and Lp AI levels of Ramadan fasting. Clin Chim Acta.

9-El Atij, Bejic, Danguir j. increased fat oxidation durung Ramadan fasting in healthy women: an adaptive mechanism for body

weight maintenance amjclin nutr 1995 Aug; 62(2): 302-7.

10-el Atij, bejic, Danguir j. N, Beslimane A, et al. fasting during ranmadan induces marked increase in High- density

lipoprotein cholestrol. Ann-Nutr Metab 1997; 41(4):242-9

11-Irakil, Bogdan A, Hakkou F,et al. Ramadan diet modifies the circadian time structure in hummans, Astudy on plasma

gastrin, insulin glucose, and calcium and on gastric PH. J clin endocrionl metab 1997. Apr 82(4): 1261-73

12-sweilehn, schnitzlen A, hunter GR, etal. Body composition and enerjy metabolism in resting and exercising Muslim during

Ramadan fast Gsports med phys fitness 1992 gun, 32(2): 156-63

13-AL-hadramy MS,, Zawawi TH, Abdelwahab SM.Altereddcortisol level in relation to ramadan. Eur J clin Nutr 1988 Apr;

429(4):359-65.

14- Azizi F, Amir Rasouli H. Evaluation of certain hormones and blood constituents during Islamic fasting month. J Med Assoc

Thailand 1986;69:(Suppl):57A.


27/ غدد زه از ديدگاه پزشكي رو

48

15- Azizi F. Serum levels of prolactin, thyrotropin, thyroid hormones, TRH responsiveness and male reproductive function in

intermittent Islamic fasting. Med J IRI 1991; 5:145-8.

16- Azizi F. Effect of dietary composition on fasting induced changes in serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin . Metabolism

1978; 27:935- 45.

17- Borst GC, Osburne RC, O'Brian JT, Georges LP, Burman KD. Fasting decreases thyrotropin responsiveness to thyrotropin-

releasing hormone:A potential cause of misinterpretation of thyroid function test in the critically ill. J Clin Endocriol Metab

1983;57:380-3.

18- Suryanarayana BV, Kent JR, Meister L, Parlow AF. Pituitarygonadal axis during prolonged total starvation in obese men.

Am J Clin Nutr 1969;22:767 -70.

19- Klibanski, A, Beitins IZ, Badger T, Little R, McArthur JW. Reproductive function during fasting in man. J Clin Endocrinol

Metab 1981;53 258-63

20- Carlson HE, Drenick EJ, Chopra IJ, Hershman JM. Alterations in basal and TRH-stimulated serum levels of thyrotropin,

prolactin, and thyroid hormones in starved obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977;45:707-713.

21. Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Health and Ramadan. 1-3 December 1997, Istanbul, Turkey.


50

سؤاالت:

21/ كليه روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

51

پاسخ ها:


52

GFR


53

FFP


54


55

…

TPPT

TP

١PT Volhard

ل از مجله پزش-٢ ) ٤٤و ٣٣،و نيال دالاالالال ال : ليالاالالا اليالاللادبال الاطب الص ثيدح (١٩٥، ص٧٧ك و دارو ،سال دوم شماره به نق


56

Sharing Of a Common enzyme

Hb

GFR

TPPT

TP

1PT ��


57

Reference: 1-Abdalla AH, Shaheen FA, Rassoul Z. Effect of Ramadan fasting on Muslim kidney

transplant recipients. Am J Nephrol 1998; 18:101-4.

2-Gaman KA, Mastaha KY,Mahmoud NP, et al. The effects of fasting in Ramadan Serum

Uric acid and lipid concent rations.Br J Notr 1978 nor; 40(3): 573-81.

3-Al-Hadramy MS. Seasonal variations of urinary stone colic in Arabia. J Pak Med Assoc

1997; 47:281-4.

4- Cheah SH, Ch�ng SL, Hussein R, Ducan MT. Effects of fasting during Ramadan on

urinary excretion in Malaysian Muslims. Br J Nutr 1990;63:329 -37.

5- Murphy R, Shipman KH. Hyperuricemia during total fasts. Arch Intern Med

1963;112:659-62.

6- Azizi F. Rasouli HA. Serum glucose, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, protein and

albumin concentrations during Ramadan. Med J Islamic Rep Iran 1987;1:38-41.

7-El-Hazmi. MAF,Al.-Fatch Fz,Al- motlch IB. � Etfect of Ramadan fasting on the values

of hemtological and biochemical parameters. � Saudi med J8: 171,1987.

8- Gifford JD Rutsky EA, Kirk KA, McDaniel HG. Control of serum potassium during

fasting in patient with end stage renal disease. Kindney Int 1989; 35:90-4.

9-Rashed Att Siddiqvi SA,Abu Bomch SH. � Clinical Problems during fast of Ramadan�

lancat : 1396,1989.

10. Sakr AH. Fasting in Islam. J Am Diet Assoc 1975;67:17-21.


59

سؤاالت:

––

29/ ارتوپدي روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

60

پاسخ ها:

Stable


61

روزه و ارتوپدي:


62

استفتائات:


63

Reference: 1- Azizi F. Rasouli HA. Serum glucose, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, protein and


2-El.Hazmi MAF,AL-Fakh, FA-moheh IB,� Etteet of Ramadam fasting on the valuce of

hemalogical and biochamicd parameters � Sandli med 78: 171,1987.

3-Scott TG.� The cffect of Muslims fast of Ramadan on routine laboratary investigation. �

King Abdulazz med 7I:23,1981.

4-Khogheer,y, suliman MI,AL-Fayez SF.� Ramadan fasting state cintrols� , Sudi med 7

(Suppl): 5: 1987 .

5-Daridson JC, �Muslims; Ramadan and diabetes melitus.� Brit med I2: 1511,1979.

6-Gumaa KA.mustata Ky. Mahmoud NA,Gader AMA.� The effects of fasting in

Ramadan. serum uric asid and lipid cocentration. � BR J Nut v 40: 573,1978.


65

سؤاالت:

22/ ريه روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

66

پاسخ ها:


67

روزه و ريه:

…


68

استفتائات:


69

Reference:

1-Duncan MT , Hussain R, Ramadan A , et al . Ventilatory function in Malay Muslims

during normal activity and the ramadan fasting. Singapour Med J 1990 Dec , 31(6) : 543 ˚

7.

2-Whoatly Rs , shdly Mp. Day treatment during Ramadan and fopping bronchodilator

treatment is dangeroues BMJ 1993 Seq 25 , 307 (6907 ) : 80


71

سؤاالت:

70/ اعصاب روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

72

پاسخ ها:


73

tension

–

tension

–


74

…


75

روزه و اعصاب:

Psychostimulant

Stroke

Erworth


76

استفتائات:


77

Refrence: 1- Kadri N, Tilane A, El Batal M, Taltit Y, Tahiri SM, Moussaoui D. Irritability during the

month of Ramadan. . Psychosom Med. 2000 Mar-Apr;62(2):280-5.

2-Akhan G, Kutlhan S, Koyuncuolu HR : Is there any change of stroke incidence during

Ramadan ; Acta Neurol Scand . 2000 Apr ;101(4): 259-61.

3- Taoudi M, Rocky R, Toufiq J, Benaji B, Hakkou F. Epidemiological study:Chronotype

and daytime sleepiness before and during Ramadan. Therapie 1999; 54:567 -72.

4- Duncan GG, Jenson WK, Cristofori FC, Schless GL. Intermittent fast in the correction

and control of intractable obesity. Am J Med Sci 1963; 245:515-20.

5-Drenick EJ , Swenseid ME , blahd WH,at al . Prolonged Starvation as treathment for

Servre obseity. JAMA 187:100, 1964

6- Gambert SR, Grathwaite TL. Pontzer CH, et al. Fasting associated

with decrease in hypothalamic -endorphin. Science 1980; 210:1271-2.

7- Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, et al. Brain metabolism during fasting. J Clin Invest

1967; 46:1589-1595.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term=%22Kadri+N%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term=%22Tilane+A%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term=%22El+Batal+M%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term=%22Taltit+Y%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term=%22Tahiri+SM%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Search&itool=pubmed_Abstract&term=%22Moussaoui+D%22%5BAuthor%5D

78

–

79

سؤاالت:

79/ روان روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

80

پاسخ ها:

somatoform

81/روان روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

81

روزه وروان:

TPPT

TP

�PT – ��

�� .


82

استفتائات:


84

سؤاالت:

82/ خون روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

85

پاسخ ها:

CHFCVA,IHD

O2 Delivery

Tumor Lysis syndromAcut Uric Acid Nephropaty

G6PD


86

روزه و خون:

BMIBT, CT

P<0.005

ADPP<0.05

Invitro

ADP

BTCT

submaximaL Sedantary life

BUN

BUN

BMI

T3


87

AmP


88

SGPTSGOT


89

استفتائات:


90

Reference: 1. Aybak M Turkolu A Sermet A et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on platelet

aggregeation in heathy male subjests . Eur J Appl physiol 1996 ;73 (6) : 552 ˚ 5

2 .Ramadan J . Telahoun G . Al zad NS , et al.Response to Excercise , fluid and energy

balances during Ramadan in Sedantary and activ males . Nutrition 1999 oct ,15( 10) : 735-

9

3. Nomuni MZ, Hallak MH, Nomanis , et al . Changes in blood urea and glucose and thus

association with energy containing nutrent in men on hypocaloric diets during Ramadan

Amj clin Nutr 1989 jun , 49 (1141-5

4. chnG sl , cheah Sh , Husaink , et al . Effect.of altered eating pattern on serum

fructosamine : toal protain ratio and plasma glucose level

5. Fedalis s , nurphy D, Slihsy , et al . Change in certain blood constiuents during

Ramadan . AM J clin Nutr 1982 Aug ,36 (2) : 350-3

7) El-Hazim AF ,AL-Faleh, Al ˚ Moflehi B"Effect of ramadan fasting on the values of

hematological and biochemical parameteres "saudi med 75 :171,1987.

8) Gumaa KA, mustafa KY,Mahmoud NA ,Grader AMA ."The effect of fasting in

ramadan .Serum uric acid and lipid concentration ."BR JNUTR 40 :573,1978

90/ خون ه پزشكي روزه از ديدگا

91

9) Azizi F. Rasouli HA. Serum glucose, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, protein and


10)GWin up ,G.Byron .RC,Roush WH ,Krugor PA ,HamwiGJ."Effect of nibbling versus

gorging on serum lipids in man."Ama j clin Nutr 13:209 1963.

11) Mustafa KY.Mahmoud NA .Gumaa KA ,Gader Ama."The effect of fasting in

ramadan.Fluid electrolyte balance :BRJ NUTr 40:583 ,1978.

12) Kerndt PR ,Naugh tonji ,driscollc ."Fasting :The history ,pathophysiology and

complication ".West J med 137 :379 ,1982.

13) Consolazo CF ,Matosh ,Metabolic aspects in man :In hemaphill DD (ED).Trace

substence in enviromental health ,Vol 5 ,colombia ,university of missauri,1972.

14. Spencer H.osisd ,Kromer L ,et al "Studies of zinc metabolism min man."

15: Owendsd.Shelocs ."Diagnosis of gilberts syndrome: Role of reduced caloric intake

test "Br med 7.3 :559,1973.


93

سؤاالت:

91/ قلب از ديدگاه پزشكي روزه

94

پاسخ ها:

92/ قلب روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

95

stable

LDL

…


96

92/ لب ق روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

97

روزه و قلب:

HDL

BPBP

PeaK

HDL

LDLVLDLLP(a)


98

BMI

HDL

ORST QRST

U


99

استفتائات:


100

Reference: 1)Acher KN,Abdu TJ,Menon NK.Severe hyeoalemic rhabdomyolysis due to ingesion of

liquorce during ramadan.Aust n 2 j Med 1989 Aug ; 19 (4):365-7.

2)Habbal R,azzouzil ,Aduank ,et al.Variation of blood pressure during the month of

Ramadan, arch malcow vaiss 1998 Aug;91 (81):995-8.

3) Maislos M, abou-kabian Y.zuili I, et al.Gorging and plasma HDL-cholestrol the

ramadan model .Eur J Clin nutr 1998 feb; 59 (2) :127-30.

4) Temizhan A, Donderici O, Ouz D, Demirbas B. Is there any effect of Ramadan fasting

on acute coronary health disease events? Int J Cardiol 1999 ;31:149-53.

5) Benedict FG,A study of prolonged fasting .Publication No,203 ,Washington DC

,Cornegie institute ,1915.

6) Drenick EJ, Swenseid ME, Blahd Wlt, et al.�Prolonged starvation as treatment for

severe obesity�JAMA 187, 1964.

7) Theorellt , Kjellberg J,Patmblad J.�Electrocardigraphic changes during total energy

deprivation (fasting )�.Acta med scand 203 :13 ,1978.


101

––––

102

:سؤاالت

010/ اطفال روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

103

پاسخ ها:


104

H.PYLORI


105

SNAKE


107

سؤاالت:

017/ چشم روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

108

vit A


109

روزه و چشم:

VFF Visual

flicker fusion )

RVO

RVO

RVO


110

استفتائات:


111

Reference: 1) Ali MR Amir . Effects of fasting on visual flicker fusion percept.Skills 1989 OCT ;69

(2):627-31.

2) Alghadyan AA.retinal vein occlusion in Saudi Arabia:possible of dehydration .Ann

ophthalmol 1993 OCT ;(10):394-8.

3) Kayikcioglu O , Erkin EF ,Erakgumt .The influence of religious fasting on basal tear

secretion and tear break-up time .Inotophthalmol 1998-99 :22(2):67-9.


113

:سؤاالت

001/ روماتولوژي روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

114

:پاسخ ها

SLE

Flare UP


115

روزه و روماتولوژي

…


116

C3C4 IgA IgM IgG

RA

ESR lansbury Ritchir


117

AMP

GMP …

ESR

…

( J. R . A ) S.L.E

J.R.A

J.R.A

J.R.A

Pauciarthicular


118

AMP GMP


119

Reference: 1)Data from hafstorm ,ringert ZB,Gyhenhammer H,et al :Effects of fasting on disease

activity ,neutrophil function ,faty acid composition and leukotrince biosynthesis in patient

with rhumatoid rarthritis .Arthritis Rheum 31 :858 ˚ 592 ,1998.

2)Birrad :AX,Bovssif M,Chalafilt ,et al ,Atrance Muscuiar pertormance and orthostatic

aolerance during ramadan,Auiut space environ.Med 1998 apr ; 6x49 :341-6.


121

سؤاالت:

000/ پوست روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

122

پاسخ ها:

000/ پوست زشكي روزه از ديدگاه پ

123

001/ پوست روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

124

روزه و پوست:

002/ پوست ه پزشكي روزه از ديدگا

126

سؤاالت:

002/ دهان و دندان روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

127

پاسخ ها:

PH = 5/5

PH

PH

007/ دهان و دندان اه پزشكي روزه از ديدگ

128

( Byproduct ) Toxin acid

Lactobacilli Streptococci Lactic acid

Propionic Demineralized

Fermentation

Food Affinity

…

…

008/ دهان و دندان روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

129

استفتائات:

…

009/ دهان و دندان اه پزشكي روزه از ديدگ

131

ت:سؤاال

keton Body

010/ عفوني روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

132

پاسخ ها:

010/ عفوني يدگاه پزشكي روزه از د

133

روزه و عفوني:

011/ عفوني روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

134

Reference 1: Bashra HE , Mawiaei . MY, Fontame RE , et al .meningococal Meningis .

Group A : a successful control control of an out break by mass vaccination , Eass Afr medy

1995.

012/ عفوني ه از ديدگاه پزشكي روز

136

سؤاالت:

012/ پاتولوژي روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

137

پاسخ ها:

psychoimmunoneuroendocrine

017/ پاتولوژي روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

139

سؤاالت:

019/ گوش و حلق و بيني روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

140

پاسخ ها:

021/ گوش و حلق و بيني روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

142

سؤاالت:

020/ فارماكولوژي روزه از ديدگاه پزشكي

143

پاسخ ها:

…

…

021/ فارماكولوژي از ديدگاه پزشكي روزه

144

فارماكولوژي و روزه:

miss

––

PP

PP

PP

Sustained – release


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استفتائات:


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سؤاالت:


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Reference 1)Husain R,Duncan MT, cheah sh, ef al . Effects of fasting in Ramadan on tropical

Asiatic Moslems. Brj Nutr 1987 jul;58(1):41-8.

2)Afiti ZE, Daily practics, study performance and health during the Ramadan fast.J R

soc Health 1997. Auy;117(4) 2345.


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