7. huong dan dtm - bai chon lap ctr sinh hoat

8/3/2019 7. Huong Dan DTM - Bai Chon Lap CTR Sinh Hoat

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B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

HNG DN

LP BO CO NH GI TC NG MI TRNG

DN XY DNG BI CHN LP

CHT THI RN SINH HOT

H Ni, 10/2009


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Li ni uTun th Lut Bo v Mi trng v cc vn bn di lut, cng tc bo v mi

trng ni chung v nh gi tc ng mi trng ni ring c trin khai thchin trn a bn c nc. T nm 1994 n nay, nhiu d n u t lp bo co

nh gi tc ng mi trng, c Hi ng thm nh cc cp t Trung ng ti aphng t chc thm nh v cp Quyt nh ph chun.Ni dung ch yu ca mt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c nu trong

Nghnh 175/CP ngy 18/10/1994 ca Chnh ph hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo vMi trng 1993 trc y v trong Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/09/2006ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn vnh gi mi trng chin lc, nhgi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca Nghnh80/2006/N-CP v Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005. Tuy nhin, y l nhng quy nhchung v ni dung i vi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca tt c cc lnhvc sn xut v dch v, trong khi nhiu lnh vc, nhiu ngnh khc nhau c nhngc th ring c v tnh cht ngun thi, c v quy m v phm vi tc ng mi

trng. iu i hi cn phi c nhng hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ngmi trng ring cho tng ngnh, tng lnh vc c th nhm nng cao cht lng boco cng nh cht lng thm nh.

Vi mc ch nu trn, t nm 1998 n nay, Cc Mi trng (thuc B khoa hc,Cng ngh v Mi trng) trc y v V Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mitrng (thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng) hin nay phi hp vi mt s cquanchuyn mn t chc nghin cu, bin son cc hng dn lp bo co nh gi tcng mi trng chuyn ngnh. Cc hng dn ny khi ban hnh nhn c nhiusng h v gp ca cc nh khoa hc, cc nh qun l, cc t chc t vn, cc tchc ti chnh v cc doanh nghip.

Tip theo cc hng dn ban hnh, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng xin gii thiubn Hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n Xy dng v vn hnhbi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot

Trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t, nu c kh khn vng mc xin kp thi phnnh v V Thm nh v nh gia tc ng mi trng theo a ch:CC THM NH V NH GI TC NG MI TRNGB TI NGUYN V MI TRNGS 83 Nguyn Ch Thanh, H NiT 04-7734247, Fax: 04-7734198


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Hng dn lp bo conh gi tc ng mi trng dn Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp chtthi rn sinh hot - Dtho cp nht theo Thng ts05/2008-TT BTNMT

3

MC LC

GII THIU .................................................................................................................. 6

1. Gii thiu ................................................................................................................. 6

2. Cc csphp l v k thut thc hin TM ........................................................ 62.1. Csphp l .................................................................................................... 62.2. Cskthut ................................................................................................... 82.3. Phng php thc hinTM ........................................................................... 8

3. Quy trnh TM ........................................................................................................ 94. Ni dung ca bo co TM .................................................................................... 95. i tng s dng bn hng dn lp bo co TM cc d n Xy dng v vnhnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot .................................................................. 10

MU ...................................................................................................................... 11

1. Xut x ca d n .................................................................................................. 112. Cn c php lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trng .. 11Cc cn c php lut .................................................................................................. 11Cc cn c k thut ................................................................................................... 11Cc ti liu khc ........................................................................................................ 113. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM ......................................................... 114. T chc thc hin TM ........................................................................................ 11

CHNG 1. M T TM TT DN ................................................................ 12

1.1. Tn d n ............................................................................................................ 121.2. Ch d n ........................................................................................................... 121.3. V tr a l d n ................................................................................................ 121.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n ............................................................................... 13

1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hotng ca dn .................................................. 131.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca dn ......................................................... 141.4.3. Qui trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc ........................................................... 14 1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn vt liu .............................................................................. 141.4.5. Mt bng tng thca dn ....................................................................... 141.4.6. H tng kthut ca dn .......................................................................... 151.4.7. Chi phu tdn .................................................................................... 181.4.8. Tchc qun l dn ................................................................................. 191.4.9. Tin thc hin dn ............................................................................... 19

CHNG 2. IU KIN TNHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI

....................................................................................................................................... 212.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 21

2.1.1.iu kin tnhin v mi trng ................................................................ 212.1.2.iu kin kinh t x hi ............................................................................ 22

2.2. Cc vn trng tm .......................................................................................... 222.3. Kho st v nh gi mi trng nn ................................................................. 22

2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng smi trng nn ...................... 222.3.2. Xl sliu mi trng nn ....................................................................... 27


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2.3.3.nh gi sliu mi trng nn ................................................................. 34

CHNG 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ........................................ 35

3.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 353.2. Xc nh ngun gy tc ng ............................................................................. 35

3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi .......................................... 353.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi .................................... 363.2.3. Nhng ri ro vscmi trng do dn gy ra ..................................... 37

3.3. i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng .................................................... 373.3.1.i tng chu tc ng .............................................................................. 373.3.2. Quy m tc ng .......................................................................................... 37

3.4. nh gi tc ng ............................................................................................... 483.4.1.nh gi tnh hp l vdn ..................................................................... 483.4.2.nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng ........... 493.4.3.nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng cs....................... 493.4.4.nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ......................... 523.4.5.nh gi tc ng trong giai on ng ca bi rc ................................. 58

CHNG 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGAV NG PH SC MI TRNG ................................................................... 60

4.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 604.2. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bng ....... 604.3. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on xy dng h tng cs.................... 614.4. Cc bin php gim thiu trong giai on khai thc v vn hnh ...................... 62

4.4.1. Gim thiu nhim khng kh ..................................................................... 624.4.2. Gim thiu nhim do nc thi ................................................................ 624.4.3. Gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi ........................ 634.4.4. Gim thiu cc tc ngn mi trng vn ha - x hi ......................... 634.4.6. Gim thiu scmi trng ....................................................................... 63

CHNG 5. CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG ... 64

5.1. Nguyn tc chung ............................................................................................... 645.2. Chng trnh qun l mi trng ....................................................................... 645.3. Chng trnh gim st mi trng ..................................................................... 64a. Gim st cht thi .................................................................................................. 64

b. Gim st mi trng xung quanh .......................................................................... 66c. Gim st ng ca bi () chn lp rc ................................................................. 69

CHNG 6. THAM VN KIN CNG NG ................................................ 716.1. Thu thp cc thng tin v kinh t - x hi .......................................................... 716.2. Ly kin ca chnh quyn cp x v cc vn mi trng ........................... 71

CHNG 7. CU TRC BO CO TM I VI DN XY DNG VVN HNH BI CHN LP CHT THI RN SINH HOT .......................... 72

10.1. Mu .............................................................................................................. 7210.2. Chng 1: M t tm tt d n ........................................................................ 72


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10.3. Chng 2: iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi ........................ 7210.4. Chng 3: nh gi tc ng mi trng ........................................................ 7310.5. Chng 4: Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s cmi trng ................................................................................................................. 7410.6. Chng 5: Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng ............................... 7410.7. Chng 6: Tham vn kin cng ng ........................................................... 7510.11. Kt lun v kin ngh...................................................................................... 75

TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................................... 77

PH LC ..................................................................................................................... 78

1. M HNH DBO NHIM NGUN NC ............................................... 792. NGUYN L M HNH POLLUTEv7 ............................................................... 883. MT S THNG TIN V QU TRNH ST LN CA BI () CHN LPRC ........................................................................................................................... 934. CC TIU CHUN NH GI HIU QU CA H THNG XL NC

THI .......................................................................................................................... 965. MU PHIU IU TRA X HI HC ............................................................. 97


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GII THIU1. Gii thiu

Theo Nghnh 80/2006/N-CP v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnhmt siu ca lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, cc d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi

chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot qui m cho t 500 h dn tr ln hoc quy m cphuyn (mc 79 ph lc Ban hnh km theo Nghnh s 21/2008/N-CP ) v D nti ch, x l cht thi rn cc loi, D n xy dng bi chn l p cht thi cngnghip, cht thi nguy hi mi qui m (mc 77, 78 ph lc Ban hnh km theo Nghnh s 21/2008/N-CP) thuc d n phi lp bo co TM, trong d n x l, tich v chn lp cht thi nguy hi theo bng Danh mc cc d n phi lp bo coTM v trnh np thm nh ti B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (theo mc 10, ph lcII N 80).

Vic xy dng bn hng dn k thut vTM v lp bo co TM cho cc d nloi ny l mt nhim v cp thit.2. Cc csphp l v k thut thc hin TM2.1. Csphp l

Csphp l thc hin TM l cc vn bn php quy ca Nh nc, Chnh ph,B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v ca chnh quyn a phng ni thc hin d n.Di y xin dn ra cc vn bn lin quan n TM ca Nh nc, Chnh ph v BTi nguyn v Mi trng:

1. Lut u t 2005 c k h p th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng qua ngy 29thng 11 nm 2005;

2. Lut Bo v mi trng 2005 c k hp th 8 Quc hi kho XI thng quangy 19/11/2005;

3. Nghnh s 108/2006/N-CP ngy 22/9/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nhchi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt siu ca Lut u t;

4. Nghnh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nhchi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s diu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;

5. Nghnh 81/2006/N-CP ngy 9/8/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh v x phtvi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng;

6. Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph V sa i, bsung mt siu ca Nghnh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt siu caLut Bo v mi trng

7. Nghnh s 68/2005/N-CP ngy 20/5/2005 ca Chnh ph v an ton hacht;

8. Nghnh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l chtthi rn;

9. Nghnh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/7/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh viccp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngunnc;


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10.Nghnh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh Ph v Ph bo vmi trng i vi nc thi;

11.Nghnh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 ca Chnh Ph v vic Sa i,b sung mt siu ca Nghnh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca

Chnh Ph v Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi;12.Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 8/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mitrng vnh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng vcam kt bo v mi trng;

13.Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mitrng hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k cp phphnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi;

14.Thng t s 13/2007/TT-BXD ngy 31/12/2007 ca B Xy dng hng dnmt siu ca Nghnh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 9/4/2007 ca Chnh ph vqun l cht thi rn.

15.Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B Tinguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi cht thinguy hi;

16.Quyt nh s 29/1999/Q-BXD ngy 22/10/1999 ca B trng B Xy dngban hnh Quy ch bo v mi trng trong ngnh xy dng;

17.Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Tinguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng tiu chun Vit Nam v mitrng;

18.Quyt nh s: 04/2008/Q-BXD, ngy 03/04/2008 ca B Xy Dng v vicban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia v Quy hoch xy dng QCXDVN01: 2008/BXD (Qui chun xy dng Vit Nam- Qui hoch xy dng).

19.Quyt nh s 13/2007/Q-BXD, ngy 23/04/2007 ca B trng B XyDng v vic ban hnh nh mc d ton thu gom, vn chuyn v x l chnlp rc thi th.

20.Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t vvic Ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s vsinh lao ng;

21.Cc b tiu chun: TCVN 6706-2000: Cht thi nguy hi. Phn loi. TCVN 6696-2000: Bi chn l p cht thi rn hp v sinh. Yu cu

chung v Bo v mi trng. TCXDVN 261-2001: Bi chn lp cht thi rn. Tiu chun thit k. TCXDVN 320-2004: Bi chn lp cht thi nguy hi. Tiu chun thit

k.22.Cc vn bn php l lin quan n vic thc hin d n.

Vn bn chp thun ch trng quy hoch d n; Vn bn chp thun a im quy hoch d n; Vn bn ph duyt quy hoch d n;


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Vn bn n b v ti nh c cho d n;2.2. Csk thutCc ti liu c s dng khi thc hin TM cho cc d n Xy dng v vn hnh bichn lp cht thi rn sinh hot bao gm:

1. D n u t hay bo co nghin cu kh thi ca chnh d n;2. Quy hoch thit k xy dng ca chnh d n;3. Thuyt minh thit k ca chnh d n;4. Thuyt minh qui trnh hot ng chn lp v ng ca cc chn lp rc5. Bo co a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn ca chnh d n;6. Cc bn v ca chnh d n bao gm:

S qui hoch tng mt bng; S qui hoch h thng giao thng; S qui hoch h thng cp in; S qui hoch h thng cp nc; S qui hoch h thng thot nc ma; S qui hoch h thng thu gom v x l nc rc, S qui hoch h thng cy xanh cch ly

7. Bo co hin trng mi trng ca tnh / thnh ni d n trin khai thc hin;8. Bo co hin trng kinh t - x hi ca x / phng v huyn / th / qun ni d

n trin khai thc hin;9. Bo co hin trng v qui hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a bn m d n

s phc v ;10.Cc hng dn thc hin bo co TM ca Ngn hng Th gii v ca mt s

nc trn th gii;11.Cc m hnh nh gi v d bo nhim;12.Cc ti liu lin quan khc;

2.3. Phng php thc hin TM1. Phng php thng k: nhm thu thp v x l s liu kh tng thy vn, kinh

t - x hi cng nh cc s liu khc ti khu vc thc hin d n;2. Phng php ktha: k tha cc kt qu nghin cu TM ca cc d n xy

dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot c;3. Phng php phn tch: kho st, quan trc, ly mu ti hin trng v phn

tch trong phng th nghim theo cc Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN) v quc t(nu cn thit) v mi trng nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng chtlng mi trng khng kh, nc, t, sinh thi ti khu vc;

4. Phng php iu tra x hi hc (tham vn cngng): s dng trong qutrnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng xung quanh khu vc thchin d n;


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5. Phng php nh gi nhanh: xc nh v nh gi ti lng nhim t cchot ng ca d n cng nhnh gi cc tc ng ca ca chng n mitrng;

6. Phng php so snh: so snh cc kt quo c, phn tch, tnh ton d bonng cc cht nhim do hot ng ca d n vi cc TCVN v mi trngv Tiu chun ngnh (TCN) ca B Y t v B Xy dng;

7. Phng php lp bng lit k v ma trn: lp mi quan h gia cc hot ngca d n v cc tc ng n cc thnh phn mi trng nh gi tng hpnh hng ca cc tc ng do cc hot ng ca d n n mi trng;

8. Phng php m hnh ha: d bo quy m v phm vi cc tc ng n mitrng;

9. Phng php phn tch tng hp: t cc kt qu nghin cu TM lp bo coTM vi b cc v ni dung theo quy nh.

3. Quy trnh TM

Theo quy nh ca iu 20, Lut Bo v Mi trng 2005, TM cn phi cthc hin song song vi d n u t / bo co nghin cu kh thi v bo co TMphi c lp ng thi vi bo co nghin cu kh thi ca d n. Nu bo co TMcha c thm nh, d n s cha c thc hin.

Mi cn nhc v mi trng u c thc hin ngay t giai on u tin lp quyhoch d n (thng qua ni dung gii trnh cc vn mi trng trong bo co giitrnh kinh t k thut) n pht trin v thc hin d n (thng qua bo co TM) vtip tc sut trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n.

Quy trnh TM bao gm cc bc:- La chn a im: xc nh s ph hp vi yu cu ca d n v yu cu bo

v mi trng khu vc;- Xc nh nhm cng ng lin quan / quan tm n qu trnh TM d n: ch

d n, nh u t (ngi/t chc ti trhoc cho vay tin), B Ti nguyn vMi trng, chnh quyn a phng, cng ng dn c;

- Xc nh phm vi: xc nh cc vn mi trng lin quan v phm vi nghincu TM;

- Lp bo co TM trnh np B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hoc UBND tnh /thnh (STi nguyn v Mi trng a phng);

- Thm nh v ph duyt bo co TM;- Cc hot ng tun th vi quyt nh ph duyt TM trong qu trnh thc

hin d n.4. Ni dung ca bo co TMYu cu: Ni dung cbn ca bo co TM l xc nh, m t, dbo v nh ginhng tc ng tim tng trc tip v gin tip, ngn hn v di hn, tch cc v tiucc do vic thc hin dn Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn l p cht thi rn sinhhot c thgy ra cho mi trng.


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Trn csnhng dbo v nh gi ny, bo co TM sxut nhng bin phpgim thiu (bao gm cc bin php qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tcng tch cc v gim nh ti mc c thnhng tc ng tiu cc.

p ng yu cu ny v thc hin cc quy nh ca Thng t 05/2008/TT-

BTNMT, mt bo co TM ca d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thirn sinh hot cn bao gm nhng ni dung sau:1. Mu2. Chng 1. M t tm tt d n3. Chng 2. iu kin t nhin, mi trng v kinh t - x hi4. Chng 3. nh gi cc tc ng mi trng5. Chng 4. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu, phng nga v ng ph s c

mi trng6. Chng 5. Chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng7. Chng 6. Tham vn kin cng ng,8. Kin ngh v kt lun

5. i tng sdng bn hng dn lp bo co TM cc dn Xy dng vvn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot

L cc i tng trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh TM hoc quan tm n s phttrin ca d n, bao gm:

- Ch d n;- Nhm chuyn gia t vn thc hin TM (gip ch d n tin hnh TM v lp

bo co TM ph hp vi quy nh php lut Vit Nam hin hnh v p ngcc yu cu ca t chc ti trcho d n);

- Cquan qun l Nh nc v bo v mi trng cp Trung ng/a phngni thc hin d n;

- T chc ti trd n;- Cc thnh vin Hi ng thm nh bo co TM;- Cc i tng khc quan tm n s pht trin ca d n.


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MU

1. Xut xca dn Tm tt v xut s, hon cnh ra i ca d n. C quan, t chc c thm quyn ph duyt d n u t (Bo co ut/Bo co kinh t - k thut/D n u t hoc ti liu tng ng ca d

n) Mi quan h ca d n vi cc qui hoch pht trin do cquan qun l nh

nc c thm quyn thm nh v ph duyt.

2. Cn cphp lut v k thut ca vic thc hin nh gi tc ng mi trngCc cn cphp lutChi tit xemthng ts05/2008/TT-BTNMTCc cn ck thutChi tit xemthng ts05/2008/TT-BTNMTCc ti liu khc

Ngun ti liu, dliu tham kho

Lit k cc ti liu, d liu tham kho vi cc thng s v: tn gi, xut x thigian, tc gi, ni lu gi hoc ni pht hnh ca ti liu, d liu.

Ngun ti liu, dliu do ch dn to lp

Lit k cc ti liu, d liu to lp; xut x thi gian, a im m ti liu,d liu c to lp

3. Phng php p dng trong qu trnh TM Danh mc cc phng php s dng: Lit k y cc phng php s

dng trong qu trnh tin hnh TM v lp bo co TM, bao gm cc phngphp vTM, cc phng php viu tra, kho st, nghin cu, th nghimv cc phng php c lin quan khc.

Phng php o c/phn tch: ghi r phng php o c/phn tch cho tngch tiu mi trng.

4. T chc thc hin TMChi tit xemthng ts05/2008/TT-BTNMT


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Chng 1. M T TM TT DNYu cu: Ni dung m t dn Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinhhot phi trnh by mt cch r rng, dhiu v cn c minh ho bng nhng sliu, bng biu, bn , s km theo

Da trn cc s liu v thng tin ca bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t(bn tho), ni dung m t tm tt d n bao gm:1.1. Tn dn

Nu chnh xc nh tn trong bo co nghin cu kh thi hay d n u t Tn d n vit bng ch in hoa Ghi r din tch

1.2. Ch dn Tn ch d n: tn c ng k ti Vit Nam, vit bng ch in hoa a ch lin h: vn phng ti Vit Nam

in thoi: sin thoi ti Vit Nam Fax: s fax ti Vit Nam i din: tn ngi i din cao nht ca d n Quc tch: ghi r quc tch ngi i din Chc v: ghi r chc v ngi i din

1.3. V tra l dnM t r rng v tr a l (gm c to, ranh gii) km theo bn a im

thc hin d n trong mi tng quan vi cc i tng t nhin (h thng sng sui,khu bo tn thin nhin), h tng k thut (h thng giao thng, cp nc, cp in,lin lc) v kinh t - x hi (khu dn c, khu th, cc i tng sn xut-kinh

doanh-dch v, cc cng trnh vn ha tn gio, cc di tch lch s), c th mt sni dung sau:

V tr d n: phi nu r cc vn sau:- a danh ni thc hin d n: x / phng, huyn / th / qun, tnh /

thnh- Cc mc ranh gii: ghi r ta theo h VN-2000- Cc hnh nh, s, bn th hin v tr d n trn a bn tnh; cc

i tng c mi lin quan trc tip cng nh gin tip n pht trinca d n., c th: Phm vi phc v ca d n, cc KCN, cc cm CN,nh my, cc khu dn c trn a bn phng/x, qun/huyn, cc di tch

lch s v cng trnh vn ha c gi tr trn a bn phng/x,qun/huyn, mng li giao thng, thu vc Khong cch t v tr d n n cc cng trnh xung quanh: c tnh khong

cch t v tr d n n cc i tng khc, c th:- Cc ngun cp nc, cc c s sn xut trn a bn tnh v/hoc a

phng khc nhng gn khu vc d n- Cc khu dn c xung quanh d n;


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- Cc cng trnh, h tng csphc v trin khai thc hin d n: ngunin, nc

- Ngun tip nhn nc ma chy trn v nc thi sau x l t khu vcd n

- Ngun cung cp vt liu ph trung gian (nu cn)- Cc i tng nhy cm: cc khu vc bo tn, bo tng, khu sinh thinhy cm, cc di tch lch s v cng trnh vn ha .

- Cc i tng khc nh: sn bay, cu cng V tr tip gip ca d n: nu r cc i tng tip gip vi d n (da trn

bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n v qua qu trnhkho st). Phi nu r v tr tip gip theo cc hng ng, Ty, Nam, Bcca d n.

Hin trng khu t d n (da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo cou t ca d n v qua qu trnh kho st):

- Thng k hin trng s dng t: mc ch s dng t, din tch, t l- Thng k s lng nh trong khu vc d n: loi nh, s lng- Thng k s h dn trong khu vc d n: s h dn (~ s nhn khu)

ang sinh sng, s h dn (~ s nhn khu) c t canh tc.- Ngun ti nguyn, khong sn c gi tr trong lng t- Cc loi ng thc vt qu him c tr- Cc di tch, lch s, cng trnh vn ha- Bn hin trng khu t d n

Nhn xt sb v v tr d n:-

V tr, quy m d n ph h p hay khng ph hp vi quy hoch phttrin chung ca tnh/khu vc- Nu nhng kh khn v thun li khi thc hin d n ti v tr quy

hoch, c th v cc vn n b, gii phng mt bng, tiu thot ncma v nc rc

- Vn chuyn rc n khu vc d n1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca dn1.4.1. Mc ch v phm vi hot ng ca dnDa trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t hoc ti liu tng ng cad n

Mc tiu d n Phm vi hot ng ca d n

- Cc hot ng ca d n: ch chn lp cht thi sinh hot hay cn thugom, vn chuyn, ti ch cht thi

- Phm vi phc v ca d n: phm vi thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi tcc khu vc hnh chnh no

Cng sut hot ng ca d n


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Tui th d kin ca d n1.4.2. Cc li ch kinh t x hi ca dn

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n: mt s li ch kinht x hi ca d n c th nu di y:

Gp phn nng cao mc sng ca ngi dn thng qua qu trnh qun l vx l cht thi rn sinh hot. Gp phn ci thin cht lng mi trng ti cc a phng thuc din

phc v ca d n thng qua thu gom v x l cht thi rn sinh hot Gp phn thc y pht trin kinh t-x hi trn a bn tnh/thnh trn c

scung cp dch v thu gom v x l cht thi rn sinh hot.1.4.3. Qui trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc

S quy trnh vn hnh bi chn lp rc bao gm:o Qui trnh thi cngo Qui trnh vn hnh (bao gm c cc hng mc ph tr)o Cng tc ng ca chn lp rco

M t quy trnh vn hnh bi chn l p rc: ngn ngn, y tng cngon nh trong s quy trnh vn hnh, v d:

o Qui trnh thi cng, cn lm r tin thi cng cc chn lp rc, aim tp kt vt liu (t) o v mc ch s dng

o Cu trc ca cc chn lp rco Qui trnh vn hnh cc chn lp rc, qui trnh rc, ph lp ph

trung gian v.v...

o Cc hng mc cng trnh v d nh khu vc ti ch, thu hi vt liu( nu c) v qui trnh vn hnho

1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn vt liu Lp bng nhu cu s dng nguyn vt liu cho d n: y thng tin chi

tit (n v, s lng tnh theo nm, ngun gc, phng thc vn chuyn vlu tr) v nguyn vt liu cung cp cho hot ng ca d n

Bng 1.1. Nhu cu s dng nguyn vt liu

TT Nguyn vt liu n v S lng Ngun gcPhng thc vnchuyn v lu tr

1

2

1.4.5. Mt bng tng th ca dnDa trn bo co nghin cu kh thi hay bo co u t ca d n


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15

a. Sdng t Lp bng quy hoch s dng t bao gm: Cc cng trnh chnh (tip nhn,

phn loi, x l cht thi rn; ni cha sn phm ti ch, ti s dng), cccng trnh ph tr (qun l, iu hnh, phng th nghim, nh n, khu v

sinh), v tr tp kt ng rn hoc chn lp sau khi c x l (tich, ti s dng, t,), h thng cc cng trnh h tng k thut (h thngng, cp thot nc, cp in chiu sng v sn xut, h thng x l ncthi, sn bi, cy xanh) v v tr cc im u ni vi h thng h tng kthut ngoi hng ro csx l cht thi rn. Nu r din tch tng hngmc v t l tng hng mc.

Bng 1.2. Quy hoch s dng t

TT Hng mc Din tch (ha) T l (%)

1

2

Cng

C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, ch thch tng hng mc trnbn v (bao gm c cc cng trnh u mi k thut nh: trm cp in,trm cp nc, trm x l nc rc), cc im u ni vi cng trnh htng k thut bn ngoi, hoa gi, thc t l

Nhn xt v qui hoch s dng t ca d nb. Cc khu chc nng

M t ccu khng gian bi chn lp rc theo tng hng mc nh trn bngs dng t.

M t qui cch, s lng cc chn lp rc Mi hng mc phi th hin r: v tr d kin xy dng, din tch, qui cch

xy dng1.4.6. H tng k thut ca dn

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d na. Cng tc san nn

Cao nn t t nhin theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du) Cao nn t thit k theo h chun quc gia (cao hn du) Loi vt liu san nn, khi lng, phng php vn chuyn, san nn.

b. H thng giao thng Giao thng bn ngoi bi chn lp : lit k cc tuyn ng ni bi chn

lp vi bn ngoi (bao gm ng b, ng thy, ng st) Giao thng bn trong bi chn lp: qui cch cc ng ni b. C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li giao thng (i ni,

i ngoi), tn ng, hoa gi, thc t l,


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Bng 1.3. Quy hoch h thng giao thng

TT Tn ng L gii(m)

Chiu rng (m)

Mt ng Va h

12

c. H thng cp in Tng nhu cu s dng in Ngun cp in (k c h thng pht in d phng) Tng hp mng li phn phi in: hng mc, n v, khi lng

Bng 1.4. Quy hoch h thng cp in

TT Loi t Dintch(ha)

Tiuchun cpin

(kWh/ha)

Tmax(h/nm) Cngsutin(kW)

in nng(triukWh/nm)

1

2

Tng cng

Tng in nng yu cu c tnh n % tn hao

Tng cng sut in yu cu c tnh n % tn hao

d. H thng cp nc Tng nhu cu s dng nc Ngun cp nc (k c khai thc nc ngm nu c) Tng hp mng li cp nc: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, mng li cp nc, hoa gi,

thc t l,Bng 1.5. Quy hoch h thng cp nc

TT Hng mc n v Khi lng1

2

Tng cng


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e. H thng thot nc ma Quy cch xy dng Hng tuyn thot nc ma Ngun tip nhn nc ma Tng h p khi lng h thng thot nc ma: hng mc, n v, khi

lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc ma, hoa

gi, thc t l,Bng 1.6. Quy hoch h thng thot nc ma

TT Hng mc n v Khi lng

1

2

Tng cng

f. H thng thu gom nc rc Quy cch xy dng Hng tuyn thot nc rc Ngun tip nhn nc thi Tng hp khi lng h thng thot nc rc: hng mc, n v, khi lng C bn v km theo th hin r: tn bn v, h thng thot nc thi, hoa

gi, thc t l

Bng 1.7. Quy hoch h thng thu gom nc rcTT Hng mc n v Khi lng

1

2

Tng cng

g. H thng xl nc rc Lu lng nc rc c trng nc rc, tiu chun x l nc rc Ngun tip nhn nc rc sau x l

h. H thng thu gom v xl kh bi rc H thng thu gom v x l kh bi rc (ging thu gom kh, h thng ng thu

gom kh, thit bt kh, v.v..).


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1.4.7. Chi phu tdnDa trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Tng chi ph u t d n Lit k chi ph tng hng mc u t

Bng 1.8. Chi ph u t d nTT Hng mc Chi ph

I Chun b dn, n b v ti nh c

II Khu tin xl

1 Khu phn loi cht thi

2 Khu x l ng bnh v lm kh

3 Khu n nh ha

III Khu chn lp1 chn lp

2 H thng thu gom nc rc

3 H thng thu gom v x l kh rc

4 H thng thot v ngn nc ma

5 H thng quan trc nc ngm

6 ng ni b

7 Hng ro v cy xanh

8 Bi hoc kho cha cht ph b mt

IV Khu xl nc rc

1 Trm bm nc rc

2 Cng trnh x l nc rc

3 H trc nghim

4 cha bn

V H thng thu gom v xl kh bi rc

1 Ging thu gom kh bi rc2 H thng ng ng

3 H thng x l (t, x l thu hi pht in ..)

VI Khu ph tr

1 Nh iu hnh

2 Nh n ca (nu c)


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TT Hng mc Chi ph

3 Khu v sinh v tm

4 Trm phn tch

5 Trm cn6 Nh xe

7 Trm ra xe

8 Xng cin

9 Kho

10 H thng cp, thot nc, cp in, thng tin lin lc

VII Vn hnh chn lp rc

1 Vn hnh chn lp rc

2 Vn hnh cc h thng x l cht thi

3 Gim st cht thi

4 Gim st cht lng mi trng

VIII ng ca chn lp rc

1 ng ca chn lp rc

2 Gim st cht lng nc rc v kh bi rc

3 Gim st cht lng mi trng

IX Dphng ph

Cng

1.4.8. T chc qun l dnDa trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Th hin s t chc qun l d n Nhn lc thc hin Lm r b phn chuyn trch v mi trng cho c giai on xy dng v

giai on khai thc / vn hnh1.4.9. Tin thc hin dn

Da trn bo co nghin cu kh thi/bo co u t ca d n Nu c th lch trnh thc hin cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n t giai

on chun bn giai on hon thnh ng ca hon ton bi chn lpcht thi rn sinh hot.


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Bng 1.9. Tin thc hin d n

TT Hng mc 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1n b, gii phng mt

bng% %

2 San nn % % % % % %

3 H thng giao thng% % % % %

4 H thng cp nc% % % % %

5 H thng cp in% % % % %

6H thng thot ncma

% % % % %

7 Thi cng chn lp rc % % % % %

8H thng thu gom ncrc

% % % % %

9 H thng x l nc rc% %

10 Trng cy xanh% % % % %

11 Vn hnh chn lp rc% % % %

12 Gim st sau ng cabi chn lp


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21

Chng 2. IU KIN TNHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HIYu cu: Mi trng nn l mi trng khu vc trc khi thc hin dn v schutc ng ca qu trnh thc hin dn. S liu v thng tin vmi trng nn ckho st, thu thp v phn tch nhm nh gi hin trng mi trng ca khu vc, do

vy phi thhin mt cch nh lng cao nht.2.1. Nguyn tc chungThu thp, kho st v xy dng b s liu nn c vai tr quan trng trong TM.

Mi d bo v nh gi cc tc ng ca d n s da trn cc mi quan h nguynnhn - h qu, hin trng v nhng thay i v cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc, sinh hcv nhn vn ca mi trng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n.

S liu mi trng nn l cc s liu v thng tin phn nh hin trng mi trngvt l, ho hc, sinh hc v nhn vn tr khu vc xung quanh a im thc hin d n.S liu mi trng nn c thu thp da trn vic nghin cu, iu tra kho st hintrng, bao gm thu thp s liu nghin cu c; phng vn cc bn lin quan; khost hin trng a dng sinh hc, kinh t - vn ho - x hi; thu thp mu mi trng v

phn tch, nh gi trong phng th nghim.Nhng vn quan trng cn c bit lu khi xy dng d liu nn cho d n

xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Mi trng t nhin lin quan n a im thc hin d n; Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v s dng nc, c bit v phng

din tng thch vi ly t cho d n v lm hnh lang an ton; phngdin tng thch v cung cp nc v vn chuyn ng thu;

Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi; Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng.

Ngoi ra, vic xy dng d liu nn cn phi tng thch vi cc ni dung ca boco TM theo quy nh ca Thng t 05/2006/TT-BTNMT, c th:2.1.1. iu kin tnhin v mi trng

iu kin va l, a cht: iu kin a l, c bit l a cht cng trnh,a cht thu vn ng vai tr quan trng trong la chn gii php k thutthi cng cc chn lp rc nhm gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc tim tngdo qu trnh lan truyn ca cc cht nhim n cht lng nc ngm, tti khu vc d n cng nh ln cn. Do vy mt trong nhng trng tm cnquan tm l cu trc a cht cng trnh v a cht thu vn ti khu vc dn cn c m t v nh gi mt cch cn trng. c tnh trng st, lncc chn lp rc do nn mng ca chn lp rc b yu dn n cc hng

mc cng trnh khc nh l p lt y, h thng thu gom nc rc b rch,gy v lm nh hng n vn hnh chn lp rc.

iu kin v kh tng thu vn: cc yu t nh ch ma, ngun tipnhn nc ma v nc rc t khu vc d n cn c xem xt v nh gir rng, c tnh nh lng cao. Ch ma snh hng trc tip n ch pht sinh nc rc nh lu lng nc rc. Thc t ti mt s bi chnlp rc do cha lng ht c cc d kin v ch ma cho nn lmny sinh rt nhiu vn lin quan n nc rc nh thit k cc cng trnh


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thu gom v x l nc rc khng p ng c lu lng nc rc phtthi. Vn thot tch nc ma ra khi nc rc cng l mt vn quantrng c lin quan nhiu n ch ma.

Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin2.1.2. iu kin kinh t x hi

iu kin v kinh t iu kin v x hi

2.2. Cc vn trng tm lp bo co TM cho d n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn

sinh hot, cc vn trng tm cn ch n khi thu thp s liu mi trng nn l:1. Mi trng t nhin

M t cc thnh phn mi trng: khng kh, nc, t, trm tch, h sinhthi cn, cc h sinh thi thu;

Kho st v nh lng cc thng s phn nh cht lng nc mt, ncngm, khng kh v n, c bit l cht lng mi trng ti khu vcchu nh hng trc tip ca d n (vng pht tn kh thi, ni tip nhnnc thi). y l nhng thng s sc quan trc trong sut qu trnhhot ng ca d n;

Kho st v nh gi tnh cht v cht lng h sinh thi cn, hng vt vthc vt, h sinh thi nc ngt v bin.

2. Nhu cu v phng thc s dng t v nc Hin trng s dng t v nc; Quy hoch s dng t v nc ca a phng.

3. Cc mi quan tm v mt kinh t-x hi Cu trc dn s, vic lm, trnh vn ha; Hin trng pht trin kinh t; Hin trng csh tng v dch v; Kt qu tham vn cng ng; Kt qu nghin cu x hi hc.

4. Kh nng xy ra ri ro xut pht t nhng vn mi trng Kho st v phn tch s liu mi trng nn phc v chy m hnh d bo

ri ro Thu thp cc s liu v thng tin v cc s c xy ra ti cc Bi chn lp

cht thi rn sinh hot tng t.2.3. Kho st v nh gi mi trng nn2.3.1. Thu thp, o c v phn tch cc thng s mi trng nn

Cc thng s mi trng nn l cc s liu, thng tin v cc thnh phn mi trngho l, sinh thi, kinh t, vn ho, x hi.

Cc lu khi thu thp thng s mi trng nn:


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Kho st, thu thp, o c, iu tra cc s liu v mi trng v ti nguynthin nhin khu vc c lin quan hoc chu nh hng trc tip hoc gintip n d n;

Phng php ly mu v phn tch tun th TCVN v mi trng hinhnh;

Cc my mc, thit bo lng ngoi thc a v trong phong th nghimcn c chun ha;

C th k tha cc s liu quan trc nh k ca trm quan trc a phng,vng, quc gia nu d n nm a im tng thch.

Bng 2.1. Cc thng s mi trng nn cn thu thp v phn tch thc hin TMd n Xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot

TT Vn Thng s Ngun s liu

1 iu kin tnhin

1.1 V tr a l -a danh v v tr a l ca khu vcthc hin d n

- V tr hnh chnh v h thng giaothng

-

Ti liu d n- Atlat quc gia- Bn nn ca

cc a phng

1.2 c im ahnh, a chtcng trnh

- c im a hnh: ni, i, ngbng

- c im cu to t, st ln, trt l,xi mn

- Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht chc cacc lp t nh gi kh nng

thm v lan truyn cc cht nhimtrong mi trng t- Kh nng chu ti c hc ca t ti

khu vc d n

- Ti liu khost a chtcng trnh, acht thu vnti khu vc dn

- K tha s liu c

1.3 c im khhu, kh tng

-Nhit , lng ma, m, chgi

- Biu ma tn sut ma ti thiutrong vng 10 nm gn nht

- Tn sut bo v cc hin tng thitit bt thng

- S liu c thng k t nht trongvng 15 nm gn nht

- nh gi nhng thun li v kh khndo thi tit kh hu tc ng n d n

- Trm kh tnggn nht

- Quan trc tihin trng

1.4 c im thuvc

- c im sng, h: dng chy, lulng, dung tch

- c im thu triu, hi vn- Trm thu vn

gn nht- Quan trc ti


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- c im ngp lt, hn hn- nh gi nhng thun li v kh khn

do mng li thy vn tc ng n

d n

hin trng

2 c im kinh t x hi

2.1 Dn c laong

- Cu trc dn s- Vn dn tc thiu s- Tnh trng vic lm v phng thc

kim sng- Cc khu dn c ln cn

- S liu thng k- Kho st, phng

vn

2.2 Pht trin kinht

- Hin trng cc ngnh kinh t- Quy hoch pht trin kinh t ca

vng, tnh


vn2.3 Hin trng x

hi- Gio dc, y t v sc kho cng ng- Tht nghip v t nn x hi


vn

2.4 Vn ho, lchs

- Cc cng trnh vn ha, lch s, dulch c gi tr

- Phong tc tp qun ca a phng- S liu thng k- Kho st, phng

vn

3 Ti nguyn thin nhin

3.1 Ti nguyn t -

Tng din tch t t nhin v chtlng- Hin trng v quy hoach s dng t

-

S liu thng k- Kho st, phngvn

3.2 Ti nguynnc mt

- c im thu vc- Hin trng v quy hoch s dng

nc mt- nh gi gi tr ngun nc mt ti

khu vc d n

- Kt quiu tracbn

- Kho st iutra b sung

3.3 Ti nguynnc ngm

- c im tng tr nc, tr lngnc ngm

- Hin trng v quy hoch khai thc sdng

- nh gi gi tr ca ngun ti nguynnc ngm ti khu vc

- Kh nng b nhim do chnh hotng ti khu vc d n

- Kt quiu tracbn


3.4 Ti nguyn ven - Rng ngp mn, m ph - Kt quiu tra


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bin - nh bt v nui trng thu sn cbn- Kho st iu

tra b sung

3.5 Ti nguynng thc vt

- Thm thc vt, hng vt, h thusinh (nc ngt, ven bin)

- Rng quc gia v khu bo tn thinnhin

- Kt quiu tracbn


- Kho st hintrng v phntch trong

phng thnghim

4 H tng csv dch v

4.1 Giao thng - c im ca h thng giao thng- Kh nng p ng yu cu vn

chuyn rc vo chn lp

- Thng k cac quan chcnng v qun lhnh chnh a

phng

4.2 in, nc,lin lc

- c im h thng cung cp in,nc, lin lc

- c im h thng thot nc- Kh nng p ng nhu cu ca d n


phng

4.3 Dch v,thng mi

- Hin trng v kh nng cung cp dchv, thng mi


phng

5 Hin trng cht lng mi trng tnhin

5.1 Cht lngkhng kh

- CO, SO2, NO2, bi (TSP), NH3, H2S,Mercaptane,

- Cc s liuquan trc trongkhu vc


phng thnghim

5.2 Cht lngnc mt

-pH, DO, SS, Tng P, Tng N, BOD,COD, Du m, Coliform, kim loinng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe,

- Cc s liuquan trc trong


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) khu vc- Kho st hin

trng v phn

tch trong phng thnghim

5.3 Cht lngnc ven b

-pH, mn, DO, SS, tng P, tng N,BOD, du m, Coliform, kim loinng (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe,)



phng th

nghim5.4 Cht lng

nc ngm-pH, cng, TS, NH4+, NO3-, SO42-,

Cl-, Coliform, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb,Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )



phng thnghim

5.5 Cht lng t - pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, m, tng N, tng P, hm lng huc, TBVTV, kim loi nng (Cu, Pb,Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )



phng thnghim

5.6 Cht lngbn y

-pH, thnh phn cp ht, t trng, tng N, tng P, TBVTV, kim loi nng(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Fe, )



phng thnghim

5.7 Ting n - L50, Leq, Lmax - Cc s liuquan trc trongkhu vc


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phng thnghim

2.3.2. Xl s liu mi trng nnS liu mi trng nn sau khi thu thp v phn tch cn c x l v th hin

trong bo co TM mt cch r rng, n gin vi mc cng nh lng cng tt.Cc s liu cn c th hin mt cch nh lng v c th lp thnh bng theo mudi y:a. Sdng tBng 2.2. Hin trng s dng t (hoc quy hoch s dng t n nm)

TT Mc ch sdng Din tch cc loi t Cc vn mitrng lin quanTng I II III

1 t nng nghip

2 t nui trng thusn

3 t lm nghip

4 Rng ngp mn

5 t

6 t cng nghipn .

Tng cng

b. Sdng ncBng 2.3. Hin trng s dng nc (hoc quy hoch s dng nc n nm)

TT Mc ch sdng Nhu cu Cc vn mitrng lin quan

Nc mt Nc ngm

1 Ti tiu

2 Nui trng thu sn3 Cng nghip

4 Sinh hot (nc cp)

5 Khc

c. Cht lng khng kh v ting n


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V tr cc im o c v ly mu khng kh: m t r im quan trc nm tronghay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnh khong cch n v tr d n v nmv pha no ca d n.

Cn phi thu mu ti tuyn ng s s dng vn chuyn rc vo khu vc d n

kt ni gia trc giao thng chnh vi khu vc d niu kin ly mu: m t thi tit kh hu, mt giao thng ti thi im ly mu.Bng 2.4. V tr cc im o c/ly mu khng kh v iu kin ly mu

TT Mu M t v tr v iu kin ly mu

1 Mu 1 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Nhit khng kh- m khng kh- Vn tc gi- Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng

giao thng)

2 Mu 2 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Nhit khng kh- m khng kh- Vn tc gi- Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng

giao thng)

n Mu n - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Nhit khng kh- m khng kh- Vn tc gi- Mt giao thng (nu v tr o/thu mu gn ng

giao thng)

Bng 2.5. Hin trng n ti khu vc d n

TT MuLmax L50 LEQA

(dBA)

1 K1

2 K2

n Kn


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TT MuLmax L50 LEQA

(dBA)

TCVN 5949-1998

Bng 2.6. Hin trng cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n

TT Mu Hm lng (mg/m3)

Bi CO NO2 SO2 NH3 H2S Merc.

1 K1

2 K2

n Kn

TCVN 5937-2005

d. Cht lng nc mt V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc mt: m t r im quan trc nm

trn sng sui no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n. iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m tiu kin kh hu ti

thi im ly mu.Bng 2.7. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu


1 Mu 1 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t

khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c.- Nhit mt nc


khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c.

-

Nhit mt ncn Mu n - M t v tr

- Ta ly mu- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi nc ma, nc thi t



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Bng 2.8. Hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc d n

TT Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

1 pH

2 DO (mg/l)3 SS (mg/l)

4 Tng P (mg/l)

5 Tng N (mg/l)

6 BOD (mg/l)

7 COD (mg/l)

8 Du m(mg/l)

9 Coliform (mg/l)

10 Kim loi nng (mg/l)

e. Cht lng nc bin ven b V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc bin ven b: m t r im quan

trc nm trn bbin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr d n. iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m tiu kin kh hu ti

thi im ly mu.Bng 2.9. V tr cc im ly mu nc bin ven bv iu kin ly mu

TT Mu M t v tr v iu kin ly mu1 Mu 1 - M t v tr




khu vc d n v cc d n khc ang hot ng nu c.- Nhit mt ncn Mu n - M t v tr




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Bng 2.10. Hin trng cht lng nc bin ven bti khu vc d n


1 pH2 mn ()

3 DO (mg/l)

4 SS (mg/l)

5 Tng P (mg/l)

6 Tng N (mg/l)

7 BOD (mg/l)

8 Du m(mg/l)

9 Coliform (mg/l)


f. Cht lng nc ngmLy mu t cc ging khoan/o sn c trong vng d n v khu vc xung quanh V tr cc im o c v ly mu nc ngm: m t r im quan trc l

ging khoan hay ging o, su ca ging, tn ch h, a ch iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m tiu kin kh hu ti

thi im ly mu.Bng 2.11. V tr cc im o c/ly mu nc ngm v iu kin ly mu


1 Mu 1 - Tn ch h, a ch- Ta ly mu- Loi ging (khoan, o)- su

2 Mu 2 - Tn ch h, a ch- Ta ly mu- Loi ging (khoan, o)- su

3 Mu n - Tn ch h, a ch- Ta ly mu- Loi ging (khoan, o)- su


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Bng 2.12. Hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc d n


1 pH2 cng (mg/l)

3 TS (mg/l)

4 NH4+ (mg/l)

5 NO3- (mg/l)

6 PO43- (mg/l)

7 Cl- (mg/l)

8 Du m(mg/l)

9 Coliform (mg/l)


g. Cht lng t V tr cc im o c v ly mu t: m t r im quan trc l loi t g,

su tng t, nm trong hay nm ngoi d n, nu nm ngoi th c tnhkhong cch n v tr d n v nm v pha no ca d n. su tng t

iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m tiu kin kh hu tithi im ly mu.

Bng 2.13. V tr cc im o c/ly mu t v iu kin ly mu


1 Mu 1 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Phu din

2 Mu 2 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Phu din

n Mu n - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Phu din

Bng 2.14. Hin trng cht lng t ti khu vc d n



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1 pH

2 T trng (g/cm3)

3 m (%)4 Hm lng hu c(%)

5 Tng P (mg/kg)

6 Tng N (mg/kg)

7 TBVTV (g/kg)

8 Kim loi nng (mg/kg)

h. Cht lng bn y V tr cc im o c v ly mu bn y: m t r im quan trc nm

trn sng sui hay bbin no, khong cch t v tr ly mu n v tr dn

iu kin ly mu: ghi r thi gian ly mu v m tiu kin kh hu tithi im ly mu.

Bng 2.15. V tr cc im o c/ly mu bn y v iu kin ly mu


1 Mu 1 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi

2 Mu 2 - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi

n Mu n - M t v tr- Ta ly mu- Khong cch so vi v tr x thi

Bng 2.16. Hin trng cht lng bn y ti khu vc d nTT Mu Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu n TCVN

1 pH

2 T trng (g/cm3)

3 Tng P (mg/kg)


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4 Tng N (mg/kg)

5 TBVTV (g/kg)

6 Kim loi nng (mg/kg)

2.3.3. nh gi s liu mi trng nnDa vo cc s liu o c, iu tra v cc thnh phn mi trng nu trn, tin

hnh nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng ni thc hin d n trn csso snhvi TCVN v mi trng v cc tiu chun khc lin quan ca cc cquan c thmquyn ca Nh nc. Vic nh gi cn tp trung vo cc vn trng tm nu timc 2.2, l cc vn c thnh hng n vic thc hin d n cng nh c th chutc ng do nhng hot ng ca d n.

V s dng t v s dng nc cn c nh gi v tim nng p ng v qutv tr lng nc ca a phng i vi nhu cu pht trin ni chung v nhu cu cad n ni ring. c bit cn cung cp y thng tin v hin trng s dng t tikhu vc dnh cho d n.

i vi c im kinh t x hi, cn nhn mnh nhng thun li v kh khn cth xy ra khi trin khai d n a phng.

Cc vn lin quan n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghip, o to cho lao ngti a phng c bit l cc i tng chu nh hng trc tip ca d n nh b mtt canh tc v.v..

V csh tng k thut, nh gi c th thun li v kh khn v h thng giaothng, cp in, cp thot nc, thng tin lin lc.

V ti nguyn ng thc vt, lu n tnh a dng sinh hc v cc khu vc nhycm v sinh thi.


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Chng 3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNGYu cu:nh gi cc tc ng mi trng ca dn Xy dng v vn hnh bi chnlp cht thi rn sinh hot cn chra mt cch nh lng, ton din nhng tc ngtim tng, bao gm nhng tc ng trc tip v gin tip, trc mt v lu di, nhng

tc ng tim n v tch lu, nhng tc ng c thhoc khng thkhc phc c timnng ln gy suy thoi, nhim mi trng khu vc.3.1. Nguyn tc chung

nh gi cc tc ng mi trng da trn vic x l mt cch y , nghim tcv cn trng cc s liu thu thp c t d n v t s liu mi trng nn. Qu trnhTM thng c thc hin bng mt s phng php nh: lit k, ma trn, smng li, m hnh ha v chng ghp bn .

Danh mc cc tc ng tim tng t mi hot ng ca d n c xy dng datrn vic thng k cc s liu kho st v mi trng t nhin v mi trng x hi.Cn lu nh gi c cc tc tch cc ln tc ng tiu cc, theo quy m, phm vi vthi gian tc ng.

3.2. Xc nh ngun gy tc ngTrong phn ny lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi; khng

lin quan n cht thi cng nh nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra.Mt trong nhng c th cbn ca d n xy dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht

thi rn sinh hot l qu trnh xy dng cc chn lp v vn hnh chn lp rc xy rahu nh song song. Do vy vic phn chia giai on ca d n s khc vi cc d n

pht trin khc cng nghip v h tng khc.3.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi

Lit k chi tit tt c cc ngun c kh nng pht sinh cc loi cht thi dng kh,lng, rn cng nh cc loi cht thi khc trong qu trnh trin khai d n.Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi c phn chia theotng giai on trin khai thc hin d n.

Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy dng vvn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm:

Giai on thi cng xy dng cc hng mc h tng k thut nh: ng ni b,khu nh iu hnh, khu vc k thut nh nh xe my cng trnh, khu vc

+ Sinh khi thc vt pht quang v bn bc tch b mt+ Bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn+ Bi t qu trnh o p, thi cng xy dng+ Bi v kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn+ Nc thi sinh hot+ Cht thi rn sinh hot+ Cht thi xy dng+ Du mthi

Giai on bt u khai thc v vn hnh+ Lng kh bi rc pht thi theo thi gian


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+ Bi v kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn rc ti bi rc v thicng cgii ti bi chn lp

+ Nc rc: cn d bo c bin thin lu lng, bin thin thnh phntheo thi gian;

+ Nc thi sinh hot+ Nc v sinh xe my cng trnh+ Sol kh pht tn t h thng x l nc rc+ Bn d t h thng x l nc rc+ Cht thi nguy hi

3.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thiLit k chi tit tt c cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong

qu trnh trin khai d n.Vic lit k cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi c phn chia

theo tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n.Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi chnh i vi d n xy

dng v vn hnh bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng

+ Tranh chp gia ngi dn c quyn li lin quan n d n vi chut

+ nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n dn

+ Gia tng kh nng tht nghip i vi ngi dn khng c kh nngchuyn i ngh nghip hoc tm kim cng vic mi

Giai on thi cng xy dng

+ Bom mn tn lu trong lng t+ Ting n ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng+ Tnh trng ngp ng+ Cn trgiao thng v li i li ca ngi dn+ Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng+ Tai nn lao ng

Giai on khai thc v vn hnh+ Ting n v rung t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng cgii+

Cn trgiao thng v li i li ca ngi dn do hot ng ca xe chrc+ Mi hi t bi chn l p: Mi hi do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc

ang chn lp; Mi hi do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc ng ca;Mi hi t trm x l nc rc.

+ Bnh ngh nghip+ Tnh trng ngp ng


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3.2.3. Nhng ri ro v sc mi trng do dn gy raLit k chi tit tt c cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra.Vic lit k cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra c phn chia theo

tng giai on trin khai thc hin d n.

Cc ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra i vi d n xy dng v vn hnhbi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot gm: Giai on thi cng xy dng

+ S c chy n Giai on khai thc v vn hnh

+ S c chy n do kh bi rc+ S c r r ha cht dng cho h thng x l nc rc+ St ln nn mng ca chon lp rc+ S c hiu sut x l ca h thng x l nc rc khng t tiu chun

thit k3.3. i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng

Nhim vTM l xc nh quy m v phm vi tc ng ca cc ngun thi t cchot ng ca d n n mi trng khng kh xung quanh, nc mt, nc ngm, hsinh thi v cng ng a phng.

xc nh i tng chu tc ng v quy m tc ng ca tng d n n c th,trc tin cn xy dng tiu ch xc nh i tng v nh gi quy m, nh trnh byc th di y.3.3.1. i tng chu tc ng

Mi trng vt l+ Khng kh+ Nc mt+ Nc ngm+ t

Mi trng sinh hc+ H thc vt trn cn+ Hng vt trn cn+ H thy sinh

Mi trng kinh t - x hi, cn lu c cc ngi dn sng dc theo tuyn vnchuyn rc tim kt ni vi trc giao thng chnh ti bi chn lp rc.3.3.2. Quy m tc ng

Cc tiu ch xc nh quy m tc ng ca d n:

Bng 3.1. Tiu ch nh gi quy m tc ng

Thi gian tc ng tiu cc ko di

Khng khng tc ng


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Ngn ngn hn 1 nm

Trung bnh t 1 n 10 nm

Di hn 10 nm

Vnh vin khng th hi phcMc - hu qu tc ng n ton b thnh phn mi trng ang xem xt

Khng khng tc ng

Nh phn bnh hng t hn 1% ton b

Trung bnh phn bnh hng t 1 - 10% ton b

Ln phn bnh hng nhiu hn 10% ton b

Phm vi tc ng quy m v mt khng gian vng bnh hng, lin quan n cctc ng tch lu v tc ng xuyn bin gii

a phng nh hng nm trong khu vc d n

Vng/quc gia c nh hng lin vng, lin tnh

Quc t c nh hng xuyn bin gii

Loi tc ng phn loi tc ng

Trc tip nh hng trc tip v xy ra ng thi vi hot ng ca d n

Gin tip nh hng c lin quan n d n v xy ra chm hn so vi cc hotng ca d n hoc phm vi bn ngoi khu vc chu nh hng trc tip

Tch lu nh hng t t hp cc tc ng ca d n vi cc tc ng ca cccsang hot ng v cc d n ang quy hoch

Kh nng xy ra xc sut xy ra tc ng

Th p < 25%

Trung bnh 25 75%

Cao > 75%

Trn c scc tiu ch c xc lp, quy m tc ng ca d n c nhndng v trnh by trong bng sau.

Bng 3.2. Quy m tc ng do hot ng ca d n

TT i tng chu tc ng Tc nhn Quy m tc ng

1 Giai on n b v gii phng mt bng


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Mi trng kinh t xhi

Tranh ch p gia ngi dnc quyn li lin quan nd n vi chu t

Thi gian:Mc :

Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

nh hng n thu nhp cacc h dn c quyn li linquan n d n

Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Gia tng kh nng tht

nghip i vi ngi dnkhng c kh nng chuyni ngh nghi p hoc tmkim cng vic mi

Thi gian:

Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

2 Giai on xy dng csh tng k thut

2.1 Mi trng vt l

Khng kh Bi khuch tn t qu trnhsan nn

Thi gian:Mc :


Bi khuch tn t qu trnho p, thi cng xy dng


Bi v kh thi t phng

tin vn chuyn

Thi gian:



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Ting n ca cc thit b,my mc, phng tin thicng

Thi gian:Mc :


S c chy n Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Nc mt Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian:


Cht thi rn sinh hot Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Cht thi xy dng Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Du mthi Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

t v nc ngm Sinh khi thc vt phtquang v bn bc tch bmt



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Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian:Mc :



Cht thi xy dng Thi gian:



2.2 Mi trng sinh hc

H thc vt trn cn Pht quang mt bng Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Hng vt trn cn Pht quang mt bng Thi gian:Mc :



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H thy sinh Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian:Mc :



Cht thi xy dng Thi gian:



2.3 Kinh t x hi Bom mn tn lu trong lngt


Tnh trng ng p ng Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Cn trgiao thng v li ili ca ngi dn



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Mu thun gia cng nhnxy dng v ngi dn a

phng

Thi gian:Mc :


Tai nn lao ng Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

3 Giai on bt u khai thc v vn hnh

3.1 Mi trng vt l

Khng kh Kh bi rc Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Bi v kh thi ca ccphng tin vn chuyn rcti bi rc v thi cng c

gii ti bi chn lp

Thi gian:Mc :


Mi hi do qu trnh phnhu rc ti cc ang chnlp


Mi hi do qu trnh phn

hu rc ti cc ng ca

Thi gian:



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Mi hi t h thng x lnc rc

Thi gian:Mc :


Sol kh pht tn t h thngx l nc rc


Ting n v rung t hot

ng ca cc thit b thicng cgii ti bi chn lp

Thi gian:


S c r r ha cht dngcho h thng x l nc rc


S c chy n do kh bi rc Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Nc mt Nc rc Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:


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Nc ma chy trn Thi gian:Mc :


Nc v sinh xe my cngtrnh


Bn d t h thng x l

nc rc

Thi gian:


Cht thi nguy hi Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:



S c hiu sut x l hthng x l nc rc khngt tiu chun thit k


t v nc ngm Nc rc Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:


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Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian:Mc :


Nc ma chy trn Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Nc v sinh xe my cng

trnh

Thi gian:


Bn d t h thng x lnc rc





S c hiu sut x l hthng x l nc rc khngt tiu chun thit k



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3.2 Mi trng sinh hc

H thy sinh Nc thi sinh hot Thi gian:


Nc ma chy trn Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Nc v sinh xe my cngtrnh


Bn d t h thng x lnc rc




Thi gian:Mc :



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3.3 Vn ha x hi Cn trgiao thng v li ili ca ngi dn do hotng ca xe chrc

Thi gian:Mc :


Mi hi t bi chn l p Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

Bnh ngh nghi p Thi gian:


Tnh trng ng p ng Thi gian:Mc :Phm vi:Loi:Kh nng xy ra:

3.4. nh gi tc ngVic nh gi tc ng phi c c th ho cho tng ngun gy tc ng v tng

i tng b tc ng. Mi tc ng u phi c nh gi mt cch c th v mc, c th v quy m khng gian v thi gian.

Vic nh gi tc ng i vi mt d n c th phi c chi tit ho v c thho cho d n ; khng nh gi mt cch l thuyt theo kiu vit gio trnh, quych, quy nh, hng dn.3.4.1. nh gi tnh hp l v dn

a. V tr dnnh gi tnh hp l ca v tr qui hoch d n, cc tiu ch sau c xem xtbao gm:

Qui hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh; Kh nng n b v ti nh c cc h dn trong khu vc d n; Khong cch t hng ro d n n cc khu dn c ln cn, cc khu vui chi

gii tr, sng h, k c bbin v cc khu vc th.


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Cc ri ro v thin tai nh l lt, st ln, st ltrong khu vc iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn trong khu vc d n, nh

gi kh nng gy nhim ngun t v nc ngm

iu kin thi tit, kh hu (nhit , ch gi, lng ma, bc hi) Cc ngun ti nguyn khong sn trong lng t; Cc di tch lch s vn ha trong khu vc d n; Cc loi ng thc vt qu him trong khu vc d n; Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc; Kh nng cp nc ca khu vc; Kh nng cp in ca khu vc;

c. Qui hoch h tng k thut

H thng giao thng H thng cp nc H thng cp in H thng thot nc ma H thng thu gom v x l nc thi Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn

3.4.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on n b v gii phng mt bngTrong phn ny nh gi v d bo cc tc ng trong qu trnh thc hin n b

v gii phng mt bng cho d n.

Cc tc ng khi:+ Xy dng k hoch n b v gii phng mt bng+ Trin khai thc hin n b v gii phng mt bng

Cc vn cn lm r:+ nh hng n thu nhp ca cc h dn c quyn li lin quan n d

n+ nh hng n kh nng chuyn i ngh nghi p hoc vic lm cho

ngi dn c quyn li lin quan3.4.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng h tng csa. Sinh khi thc vt do pht quang

Hin trng sinh khi thc vt trong khu vc d n Thnh phn sinh khi pht quang Khi lng sinh khi thc vt c th pht quang Khi lng sinh khi thc vt cn li khng th pht quang Tc ng trong trng hp khng pht quang sinh khi thc vt Tc ng trong trng hp pht quang sinh khi thc vt nhng khng trit Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm

b. Bn bc tch b mt


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Hin trng lp bn b mt trong khu vc d n Khi lng lp bn b mt c th pht quang Khi lng lp bn b mt cn li khng th pht quang Tc ng trong hp khng pht quang lp bn b mt Tc ng trong hp pht quang lp bn b mt nhng khng trit Lm r cc tc ng: nhim t v nc ngm

c. Bi khuch tn tqu trnh san nn, o p, thi cng xy dng Ti lng bi khuch tn t qu trnh san nn D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc

khu dn c k cn H s nhim bi (E) khuch tn t qu trnh san nn c tnh da trn:

( )

( )4,1

3,1

2/

2,2/16,0

M

UkE =

Trong : E = H s nhim (kg/tn)k = Cu trc ht c gi tr trung bnh (Khng th nguyn)U = Tc gi trung bnh (m/s)M = m trung bnh ca vt liu (%)

d. Kh thi tphng tin vn chuyn Thnh phn kh thi Ti lng kh thi t phng tin vn chuyn D bo ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc

khu dn c k cne. Nc thi sinh hot

c trng nc thi Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D n lu lng v ti lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

f. Cht thi rn sinh hot Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

g. Cht thi xy dng Thnh phn cht thi xy dng Khi lng pht sinh


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D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

h. Du mthi Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Khi lng pht sinh D n khi lng theo tng nm xy dng d n D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

i. Ting n do hot ng ca cc thit b, my mc, phng tin thi cng Cc ngun pht sinh ting n Mc n ti ngun ca cc ngun pht sinh D bo tc ng ca ting n n khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc khu

dn c k cnj. Chia ct dng chy v ngp ng

Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy v ngp ng Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh D bo mc ngp ng

k. Cn trgiao thng v li i li ca ngi dn Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra cn trgiao thng D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn ti khu vc d n D bo mt ca cc phng tin vn chuyn theo tng nm xy dng d n Nhu cu giao thng i li ca cc khu dn c ln cn D bo mc cn trgiao thng

l. Mu thun gia cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra mu thun D bo mc mu thun trong tp trung vo cc vn sau:

+ S khc nhau v vn ha+ Hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn

m.Tai nn lao ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng D bo mc thit hi

n. Bom mn tn lu trong lng t Kh nng tn lu bom mn trong lng t D bo cc thit hi khi khng thc hin d ph bom mn hoc d ph khng

trit o. Sc chy/n

Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy D bo mc thit hi


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3.4.4. nh gi tc ng trong giai on khai thc v vn hnhMc tc ng n cht lng mi trng xung quanh ti mt bi chn lp rc

trong giai on vn hnh tu thuc vo thit k v qui trnh vn hnh ca bi chn lprc . Trong trng h p bi chn lp rc c thit k thnh nhiu chn lp th

ngay trong giai on vn hnh t chn lp th hai tri thi cc trc chuynsang giai on ng ca khi cn phn tch v nh gi theo cc giai on khc nhautrong vng i ca tng chn lp.

a. Kh bi rc pht thiLng kh bi rc pht thi ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:

Thnh phn rc em chn lp m ca rc Lng cht dinh dng sn sng cho hot ng ca vi sinh vt Gi tr pH Nhit Cng tc vn hnh bi chn lp bao gm c nn chn lp. Cc nghin cu

cho thy khi rc c nn t trng khong 600 kg/m3 c tc phn hy cccht hu cnhanh nht

Cc kt qu cng cho thy, h s v hng s pht thi kh mtan t cc bi rc tikhu vc cc Quc gia ang pht trin v khu vc kh hu nhit i cao hn hn so vikhu vc cc Quc gia pht trin v cc vng kh hu khc.

V l thuyt, lng kh bi rc pht thi c thc biu din qua hm s sau:

)( ktkc eeLoRQ =

QT,x = k Rx LO e-k(T-x)

trong :- Q= lng kh methane pht thi trong nm d bo (m3/nm)- Lo= tim nng pht thi kh methane (m3/T rc)- R= lng rc tip nhn trung bnh hng nm trong tui i ca chn lp

(T/nm)- k= h s pht thi kh methane (1/nm)- c=thi gian tnh t khi chn lp ng ca (nm)- t=thi gian khi chn lp bt u tip nhn rc (nm)-

QT,x = lng kh methane pht thi trong nm th (T) bi lng rc Rx- x= s nm chn lp rc- Rx = lng rc chn lp vo nm th x (T)- T= nm d bo

M hnh trn do Cc Bo v Mi trng Lin Bang M (USEPA) xut v c IPCC xut p dng trong tnh ton lng kh mtan pht thi t cc bi rc[3]. Theo USEPA, gi tr Lo thng nm trong khong 6,2-270 m3/tn rc. Gi tr Loc xut p dng ti M trong khong 100-170 m3/tn rc[3]; Ti c l 79


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m3/tn rc [12] v 230 m3/tn rc ti Thi Lan [1]. Gi tr k theo USEPA, nm trongkhong 0,003-0,21 nm-1, gi tr p dng ti M l 0,02 - 0,05 nm-1 [12]; Ti c l0,058 nm-1 [2] v 0,15 nm-1 ti Thi Lan [1]. Trong iu kin ti TP. H Ch Minh, k= 0,21 nm-1 v Lo = 170- 200 m3/T rc [2].

Nm 1996, IPCC [5] hiu chnh m hnh d bo lng kh bi rc c tnh ncc yu t nh thnh phn cc-bon c th phn hu sinh hc, qui cch thu hi kh birc v nhit ti bi chn lp.

Bng 3.2. Tng hp d bo lng kh methane theo m hnh ca IPCC 1996

Gii trnh Gi tr

Lng kh methane pht thi (T/nm)=(MSWT x MSWT x MCF xDOC x DOCF x F x 16/12 - R) x (1-OX)

MSWT = Tng lng cht thi rn th (kg/nm)

MSWF = Lng rc em chn lp (t l)

MCF = H shiu chnh kh methane (t l)

DOC = Lng cc bon hu cc thphn hy sinh hc (t l)

DOCF = Lng DOC phn hy (t l) DOCF vl thuyt ph thuc vonhit vng phn hy k kh nhsau:0,014T + 0,28,trong T =nhit (OC)(Tabasaran, 1981)

F= t l CH4 trong kh bi rc (mc nh 0,5)

H S HIU CHNH KH METHANE (MCF)

Ph thuc vo dng chn lp rc

C kim sot : 1

Khng kim sot - lp rc 5 m: 0.8

Khng kim sot - lp rc < 5 m: 0.4

Khng phn nhm c: 0.6

T l DOC (theo trng lng)=0,4 x A +0,17x B + 0,15xC+ 0,3 x D

A = t l giy v vi (dt may) trong rc

B = t l cht thi lm vn v cht thi hu cdthi nhng khngphi l thc phm trong rc

C = t l thc phm trong rc

D = t l g, rm r trong rc

Ghi ch: t l trong lngt

Nhit (0C)


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Ghi ch: * = lng kh methane pht thi qui i ra m3.

b. Kh thi khng phi l metan (Non-Methane Organic Compounds) pht sinhtbi chn lpnh gi mc pht thi hng nm ca NMOCs t bi chn lp cht thi sinh

hot, p dng cng thc tnh ton sau:9

0 10595.3][)1(2][= xxNMOCCeRLNOMCM kt (1)

Trong :- M [NMOC] = khi lng pht thi ca NMOC (tn/nm)- Lo = lng kh methane d kin pht sinh (m3/tn cht thi)- R = lng cht thi trung bnh hng nm (tn/nm)- k = hng s pht sinh kh bi rc/kh methane (nm-1)- t = thi gian hot ng ca bi rc (nm)- C [NMOC] = hm lng NMOC trong kh bi rc (ppmv as Hexane)- 3.595 x 10-9 = h s quy i

i vi nhng bi chn lp bit trc lng lng cht thi hng nm th khilng pht thi ca NMOCs t cc bi chn lp cht thi rn sinh hot c c tnhtheo cng thc sau:

=

=ni

kt

iT xxNMOCCeMkLQi

,1

90 10595.3][2 (2)

Trong :- QT = tng lng pht thi NMOC pht sinh t bi chn lp (tn/nm)- k = hng s pht sinh kh bi rc (nm-1)- Lo = lng kh methane d kin pht sinh (m3/tn cht thi)- Mi = khi lng rc thi ti th i (tn)- ti = tui ca th i (nm)- C [NMOC] = hm lng NMOC trong kh bi rc (ppmv as Hexane)- 3.595 x 10-9 = tha s quy i

Trong trng hp khng c c cc d liu c th, mt s gi tr c thc sdng tng ng nh sau:

- k = 0.02 nm-1- Lo = 230 m3/ tn cht thi- C [NMOC] = 8,000 ppmv as hexane

c. Kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn Thnh phn kh thi Ti lng kh thi (bn nh lng) t phng tin vn chuyn D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc

khu dn c k cnd. Mi hi do qu trnh phn hu rc ti cc chn lp


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Thnh phn mi hi Hm lng chung (xem mc b) D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc

khu dn c k cn

e. Mi hi th thng xl nc rc Thnh phn mi hi D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc

khu dn c k cnMi hi t h thng x l nc rc pht sinh ch yu t cc n nguyn m ti

c xy ra qu trnh phn hy k kh. Qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cng pht sinh mihi nhng mc rt thp.

Cc sn phm dng kh chnh t qu trnh phn hy k kh gm H2S, Mercaptane,CO2, CH4 Trong , H2S v Mercaptane l cc cht gy mi hi chnh, cn CH4 lcht gy chy n nu b tch tmt nng nht nh.

Bng 3.3. Cc hp cht gy mi cha lu hunh do phn hy k kh nc thi

Cc hp cht Cng thc Mi c trngNgng

pht hin(ppm)

Allyl mercaptan CH2=CH-CH2-SH Mi ti, c ph mnh 0,00005

Amyl mercaptan CH3-(CH2)3-CH2-SH Kh chu, hi thi 0,0003

Benzyl mercaptan C6H5CH2-SH Kh chu, mnh 0,00019

Crotyl mercaptan CH3-CH=CH-CH2-SH Mi chn 0,000029

Dimethyl sulfide CH3-S-CH3 Thc vt thi ra 0,0001Ethyl mercaptan CH3CH2-SH Bp ci thi 0,00019

Hydrogen sulfide H2S Trng thi 0,00047

Methyl mercaptan CH3SH Bp ci thi 0,0011

Propyl mercaptan CH3-CH2-CH2-SH Kh chu 0,000075

Sulfur dioxide SO2 Hng, gy dng 0,009

Tert-butylMercaptan

(CH3)3C-SH Mi chn, kh chu 0,00008

Thiophenol C6H5SH Thi, mi ti 0,000062

Ngun: 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Ermoupolis. Odor emission in a small wastewater treatment plant, 2001

f. Sol kh pht tn th thng xl nc rc Thnh phn sol kh D n tc ng n cht lng khng kh khu vc xung quanh, c bit n cc

khu dn c k cn


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H thng x l nc rc c pht hin l ni sinh ra cc Sol kh sinh hc c thpht tn theo gi trong khng kh trong khong vi chc mt n vi trm mt. TrongSol kh ngi ta thng bt gp cc vi khun, nm mc v chng c th l nhngmm gy bnh hay nguyn nhn gy nhng dng qua ng h hp.

g.

Nc thi sinh hot c trng nc thi sinh hot Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

h. Nc rc c trng nc rc Lu lng pht sinh theo thi gian trong nm Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh Tng lng nc r rc t cc chn rc c tnh theo cng thc sau:

WgwPERrL

SrWdPERsSrWdSsEIPERr

SsEIPERs

RIWirWsrWp

+=

+=+=

=

+=++

Trong :- Wp : Lng nc ma vo chn rc- Wsr : Lng nc ma chy t xung quanh vo chn rc.- Wir : Lng nc b sung cho rc- I : Lng nc ngm t trn xung- R : Dng chy trn mt- PERs : Lng nc thm qua t- PERr : Lng nc thm qua rc- Wd : Lng nc sinh ra do qu trnh phn hu rc- Ss : Chuyn vo m ca t- Sr : Chuyn vo m ca rc- E : bay hi- L : Tng lng nc r- Wgw : Lng nc ngm ln ty h chn rc.

i vi cc bi chn lp cc vn thng gp trong thu gom x l nc rc baogm:


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- H thng thu gom thng c thit k thi cng theo nguyn l t chy dnn tnh trng im thu gom cui c su ln v gy nh hng n cngtrnh tip nhn nc rc

- Lu lng nc rc sinh ra ph thuc rt nhiu vo thit k thi cng ca chnlp rc, ch ma, phng thc vn hnh chn lp rci. Nc ma chy trn

c trng nc ma chy trn Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh Lu lng nc ma c tnh ton theo phng php cng ma gii hn:

Qma = q x F x

Trong :

- F (ha) : lu vc tnh ton thot nc ma- = 0,15 n 0,95: H s dng chy ly trong lu vc ng vi loi mt

ph

- q (lt/giy.ha) : lu lng n v trn lu vc tnh ton;q = (1,667 x x H2/3 x p1/3)/t0.5

- Trong :- = 0,041 : H s kh hu ca khu vc tnh ton- H=xxx mm/nm : lng nc ma trung bnh hng nm- p = chu k trn cng chu k 10 -15 nm- t (pht)- p = 2 nm : chu ktrn cng

j. Nc v sinh xe my cng trnh c trng nc v sinh xe my cng trnh Lu lng pht sinh Ti lng nhim D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

k. Cht thi nguy hi Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Mc pht thi ca cc loi hnh cng nghip thu ht u t Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanhi vi cht thi nguy hi vn thu gom x l hin cn rt bt cp do csh

tng tip nhn, x l cht thi nguy hi cha p ng c nhu cu x l c v khilng cng nh cht lng.


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l. Bn dth thng xl nc rc Thnh phn bn d Phn loi theo Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT Khi lng pht sinh D bo mc tc ng n mi trng xung quanh

m.Chia ct dng chy, ngp ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tnh trng chia ct dng chy, ngp ng Kh nng thot nc ca khu vc xung quanh D bo mc ngp ng

n. Tai nn lao ng Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra tai nn lao ng D bo mc thit hi

o. Sc r r ha cht th thng xl nc rc Cc loi ha cht s dng Khi lng ca cc ha cht s dng/lu tr ti khu vc c tnh ca cc ha cht Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c r r ha cht D bo mc r r v thit hi

p. Sc chy/n Cc nguyn nhn c th xy ra s c chy D bo mc thit hi

3.4.5. nh gi tc ng trong giai on ng ca bi rc

Mc tc ng n cht lng mi trng xung quanh ti mt bi chn lp rcvo giai on ng ca tu thuc vo thit k v qui trnh vn hnh ca bi chn lprc . Trong trng h p bi chn lp rc c thit k thnh nhiu chn lp thngay trong giai on vn hnh t chn lp th hai tri thi cc trc chuynsang giai on ng ca. Tuy nhin ch sau khi bi chn lp rc ngng tip nhn rchon ton v ng ca ton b cc chn lp th khi mi c th coi nh bi rc c ng ca.

Cc vn mi trng chnh trong giai on ng ca bi chn l p rc c linquan n cc hot ng sau:

Thi cng lp ph cui cng Vn hnh h thng thu gom v x l kh rc Vn hnh h thng thu gom v x l nc rcCc vn mi trng v sc kho lin quan n giai on hu ng ca bi rc

gm:Kh nng tim tng gy nt lp ph cui cng do qu trnh st ln xy ra trong

chn lp rc dn n hu qu pht tn kh rc qua cc khe nt gy tc ng xu ncht lng mi trng xung quanh v sc kho cng ng. c bit cng v cui vng


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i ca cc cht thi t l cc kh NMOC trong kh rc s gia tng, cc loi kh nyn sc kho cng ng s rt ln nu khng kim sot c.

Cc kh chnh ng quan tm trong thnh phn NMOC gm:

11,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane C tim nng gy ung th

21,1-Dichloroethylene C tim nng gy ung th

31,3-Butadiene C tim nng gy ung th

4Benzene C tim nng gy ung th

5Chloroethylene (vinyl chloride) C tim nng gy ung th

6Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) C tim nng gy ung th

7Hydrogen sulfide

8Methanethiol

9Toluene C tim nng gy ung th10Trimethylbenzenes

Kh nng tim tng gy nhim t v nc ngm nu xy ra r r ti lpy/ngn nc ca chn lp.

nh gi tc ng ca giai on ng ca bi chn lp rc cn tin hnh d botc st/ln ca rc trong chn lp rc v nh gi kh nng nh hng ca qutrnh st ln n kt cu v kn ca lp ph cui cng.

Ngoi ra cng tc d bo bin thin cht lng nc rc cng cn c thc hinnhm xut/thit k chng trnh gim st hu ng ca bi chn lp rc v xc nhim kt thc chng trnh quan trc hu ng ca bi () chn lp rc.3.4.6. nh gi tc ng tng hp

Vic nh gi tc ng tng hp ca cc ngun gy tc ng trong cc giai ontrin khai thc hin d n v ng ca bi chn lp c bit trong trng hp bi chnlp rc c thit k thnh nhiu chn lp rc nhm xem xt mc tc ng tnghp.3.4.7. nh gi v cc phng php sdng trong TM

nh gi v tin cy ca cc phng php TM p dng, mc tin cy cami nh gi thc hin; nhng iu cn cha chc chn trong nh gi v l giinguyn nhn.


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Chng 4. BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NGPH SC MI TRNG

Yu cu: Trn c s cc tc ng mi trng nu ra trong Chng 3, xut mtcch c th cc bin php qun l v k thut mang tnh kh thi cao nhm phngtrnh, gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng do vic thc hin dn gy nn.4.1. Nguyn tc chungCc bin php gim thiu xut phi m bo cc nguyn tc sau:

- Gim thiu ti mc ti a c thc, ngun ti chnh cho php ca chut;

- Bin php gim thiu phi c tnh kh thi cao, ph hp vi cc mc tiu ca dn;

- C phng n ph hp i vi nhng tc ng mi trng khng th khc phchoc gim nh;

- Cc bin php bo v mi trng phi c thc thi sut c qu trnh chun b,xy dng cng trnh v vn hnh.Cc bin php gim thiu nu trn cn c c th ho v ln k hoch cho tng

tc ng bt li, ph hp vi v tr v c im ca tc ng. ng thi c l gii rrng vu im, nhc im, mc kh thi, hiu sut/hiu qu x l. Trong trnghp khng th c bin php hoc c nhng kh kh thi trong khun kh ca d n th

phi nu r l do v c kin ngh c th cc cquan lin quan c hng gii quyt,quyt nh. Phi c chng minh rng, sau khi p dng bin php th tc ng xu sc gim n mc no, c so snh, i chiu vi cc tiu chun, quy chun, quy nhhin hnh. Trng hp khng p ng c yu cu quy nh th phi nu r l do vc nhng kin ngh c th cc cquan lin quan c hng gii quyt, quyt nh.

Bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc, phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng

c th chia lm 2 nhm:- i vi cc tc ng tiu cc- i vi s c mi trngBin php gim thiu c phn chia theo cc giai on trin khai thc hin d n

7. huong dan dtm - bai chon lap ctr sinh hoat

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