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B GIO DC V O TOI HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUTKHOA IN - IN T

B MN IN T--o0o--

LUN VN TT NGHIP

TI:

IU KHIN T XA QUT BNGTIA HNG NGOI

Sinh vin thc hin : HUNH NGC DNGLp : 95KCn b hng dn : NGUYN PHNG QUANG

THNG 02/2000B GIO DC V O TO CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAMI HC QUC GIA TP.HCM C LP - T DO - HNH PHC

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.HCM

KHOA IN - IN T

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B MN IN T

NHIM V LUN VNTT NGHIP

H v tn sinh vin : HUNH NGC DNGLp : 95K

Ngnh : IN - IN T

1. Tn ti:

IU KHIN T XA QUT BNG TIA HNG NGOI

2. Cc s liu ban u.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh tnh ton...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................4. Cc bn v:

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...................................................................................................................................5. Gio vin hng dn : NGUYN PHNG QUANG

6. Ngy giao nhim v : 13/12/19997. Ngy hon thnh : 28/02/2000

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Gio vin hng dn Thng qua b mnNgy .......thng ........nm 2000

Ch nhim b mn

NGUYN PHNG QUANG

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BN NHN XT LUN VN TT NGHIPCA CN B HNG DN

H v tn sinh vin : HUNH NGC DNGLp : 95KCn b hng dn : NGUYN PHNG QUANGTN TI :

IU KHIN T XA QUT BNG TIA HNG NGOI

Ni dung lun vn tt nghip:..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Nhn xt ca cn b hng dn :..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Cn b hng dn

NGUYN PHNG QUANG

BN NHN XT LUN VN TT NGHIPCA CN B PHN BIN

H v tn sinh vin : HUNH NGC DNG

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Lp : 95KCn b phn bin :TN TI :

IU KHIN T XA QUT BNG TIA HNG NGOINi dung lun vn tt nghip:...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Nhn xt ca cn b phn bin:.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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Cn b phn bin

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L NI U

Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin,th gii ca chng ta v ang mt ngy thay i, vn minh v hini hn. S pht trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lat nhngthit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh,gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho hat ng ca conngi t hiu qu cao.

in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. int p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cngnng-lm-ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hat ng isng hng ngy.

Mt trong nhng ng dng rt quan trng ca cng ngh in tl k thut iu khin t xa. N gp phn rt ln trong vic iukhin cc thit b t xa.

Xut pht t ng dng quan trng trn, em thit k v thi cngmch iu khin t xa qut bn bng tia hng ngoi.

Ni dung phn lun n gm hai phn:Phn I: l thuyt.Phn II: thit k v thi cng.Do thi gian, ti liu v trnh cn hn ch nn cun lun n

chc chn khng th trnh nhng thiu st. Knh mong s ch dn vgp ca tt c thy c v cc bn.

Th c ngy 24/2/2000Sinh vin thc hin

Hunh Ngc Dng

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CHNG I

CHNG DN NHP

iu khin t xa l vic iu khin mt m hnh mt khong cch no m con ngi khng nht thit trc tip n ni t h thng. Khong cch tuthuc vo tng h thng c mc phc tp khc nhau, chng hn nh iu khint xa mt phi thuyn ta cn phi c h thng pht v thu mnh, ngc la, iukhin mt tr chi in t t xa ta ch cn mt h thng pht v thu y hn

Nhng tng c iu khin c th trn khng gian, di y binsu hay mt vng xa xi ho lnh no trn mt i cu .

Th gii cng pht trin th lnh vc iu khin cn phi c m rng hn.Vic ng dng iu khin t xa vo thng tin lin lc mang li nhiu thun licho xa hiloi ngi, thng tin c cp nht hn nh s chnh xc v nhanh chngca qu trnh iu khin t xa trong o lng t xa.

Ngoi ra iu khin t xa cn c ng dng trong k thut o lng. Trcy, mun o phng x ca l ht nhn th ht sc kh khn v phc tp nhnggi y con ngi c th mt ni ht sc an ton no cng c th o c

phng x ca l ht nhn nh vo k thut iu khin t xa. Nh vy, h thng iukhin t xa hn ch c mc phc tp ca cng vic v m bo an tan chocon ngi.

Trong sinh hat hng ngy ca con ngi nh nhng tr chi gii tr (robot,xe iu khin t xa ) cho n nhng ng dng gn gi vi con ngi cng cci tin cho ph hp vi vic s dng v t mc tin li nht. iu khin t xa

thm nhp vo vn ny do cho ra nhng loi tivi iu khin t xa, u video,VCD, CD, n qut bn tt c u c iu khin t xa. Xut pht t nhng tng trn nn em chn ti iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, nhng vthi gian qu hn hp, trnh k thut cng nh vn ti chnh cn nhiu hnch nn em ch thit k v thi cng mch iu khin t xa qut bng tia hng ngoi.

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CHNG II

L THUYT IU KHIN T XA

I. GII THIU H THNG IU KHIN T XA:H thng iu khin t xa l mt h thng cho php ta iu khin cc thit bt mt khong cch xa. V d h thng iu khin bng v tuyn, h thng iukhin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, h thng iu khin t xa bng cp quang dy dn.

S kt cu ca h thng iu khin t xa bao gm:- Thit b pht: bin i lnh iu khin thnh tin tc tn hiu v pht i.- ng truyn: a tn hiu iu khin t thit b pht n thit b thu.- Thit b thu: nhn tn hiu iu khin t ng truyn, qua qu trnh bin i,

bin dch ti hin li lnh iu khin ri a n cc thit b thi hnh.

Nhim v c bn ca h thng iu khin t xa:- Pht tn hiu iu khin.- Sn sinh ra xung hoc hnh thnh cc xung cn thit.- T hp xung thnh m.- Pht cc t hp m n im chp hnh.- im chp hnh (thit b thu) sau khi nhn c m phi bin i cc m

nhn c thnh cc lnh iu khin v a n cc thit b, ng thi kim tra

s chnh xc ca m mi nhn. 1. Mt s vn c bn trong h thng iu khin t xa:

Do h thng i khin t xa c nhng ng truyn dn xa nn ta cn phinghin cu v kt cu h thng m bo tn hiu c truyn i chnh xc vnhanh chng theo nhng yu cu sau:

1.1 Kt cu tin tc:Trong h thng iu khin t xa tin cy truyn dn tin tc c quan h rt

nhiu n kt cu tin tc. Ni dung v kt cu tin tc c hai phn: v lng v vcht. V lng c cch bin lng iu khin v lng iu khin thnh tng loixung g cho ph hp, v nhng xung cn p dng nhng phng php no

hp thnh tin tc, c dung lng ln nht v tc truyn dn nhanh nht . 1.2 V kt cu h thng:

m bo cc yu cu v kt cu tin tc, h thng iu khin t xa ccc yu cu sau:

- Tc lm vic nhanh.- Thit b phi an tan tin cy.- Kt cu phi n gin.

H thng iu khin t xa c hiu qu cao l h thng t tc iu khincc i ng thi m bo chnh xc trong phm vi cho php. 2. Cc phng php m ha trong iu khin t xa:

Trong h thng truyn thng tin ri rc hoc truyn thng tin lin tc nhng c ri rc ha tin tc thng phi c bin i thng qua mt php bin i

thit bpht

ngtruyn

thit bthu

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thnh s (thng l s nh phn) ri m ha v c pht i t my pht. mythu, tn hiu phi thng qua cc php bin i ngc li vi cc php bin itrn: gii m, lin tc ha

S m ha tn hiu iu khin nhm tng tnh hu hiu v tin cy ca hthg iu khin t xa, ngha l tng tc truyn v kh nng chng nhiu.

Trong iu khin t xa ta thng dng m nh phn tng ng vi h, gm chai phn t [0] v [1].

Do yu cu v chnh xc cao trong cc tn hiu iu khin c truyn i chng nhiu ta dng loi m pht hin v sa sai.

M pht hin v sa sai thuc loi m ng u bao gm cc loi m: m phthin sai, m sa sai, m pht hin v sa sai.

Dng sai nhm cu cc m c truyn i ty thuc tnh cht ca knh truyn,chng c th phn thnh 2 lai:

- Sai c lp: Trong qu trnh truyn, do nhiu tc ng, mt hoc nhiu k hiutrong cc t hp m c th b sai nhm, nhng nhng sai nhm khng linquan nhau.- Sai tng quan: c gy ra bi nhiu nhiu tng quan, chng hay xy ratrong tng chm, cm k hiu k cn nhau .

S la chn ca cu trc m chng nhiu phi da trn tnh cht phn b xcsut sai nhm trong knh truyn.

Hin nay l thuyt m ha pht trin rt nhanh, nhiu loi m pht hin vsa sai c nghin cu nh: m Hamming, m chu k, m nhiu cp. 3. S khi ca mt h thng iu khin t xa:

S khi my pht

S khi my thu

II. CC PHNG PHP IU CH TN HIU TRONG H THNGIU KHIN T XA:

Trong k thut iu khin t xa, tn hiu gc khng th truyn i xa c. Do, thc hin vic truyn tn hiu iu khin t my pht n my thu ta cn phiiu ch (m ha) tn hiu.

Tn hiuiu khin

iu chTn hiu

sngmang

Khuchi pht

Khuchi thu

Gii iuch

Khuchi

Chphnh

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C nhiu phng php iu ch tn hiu. Tuy nhin iu ch tn hiu dng xungc nhiu u im hn. V y chng ta s dng linh kin k thut s nn ling kingn nh, cng sut tiu tn nh, v c tnh chng nhiu cao. Cc phng php iu ch tn hiu dng xung nh:

- iu ch bin xung (PAM).- iu ch rng xung (PWM).- iu ch v tr xung (PPM).- iu ch m xung (PCM).

1.iu ch bin xung (PAM): S khi:

H thng iu ch PAM

iu ch bin xung l dng iu ch n gin nht trong cc dng iu chxung. Bin ca mi xung c to ra t l vi bin tc thi ca tn hiu iuch.

Xung ln nht biu th cho bin dng ca tn hiu ly mu ln nht.

Dao ng a hi mttrng thi bn

B pht xung

Tn hiu iuch

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Tn hiuiu ch

iu chbin xung (PAM)

iu ch rngxung (PWM)

iu chv tr

xung (PPM)

iu chm xung(PCM)

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Gii thch s khi : Khi tn hiu iu ch: To ra tn hiu iu ch a vo khi dao ng ahi . Dao ng a hi mt trng thi bn: Trn xung vi tn hiu iu ch. B pht xung: Pht xung vi tn s khng i thc hin vic iu ch tnhiu iu ch c bin tng gim thay i theo tn hiu iu ch.

2. iu ch rng xung:Phng php iu ch ny s to ra cc xung c bin khng i, nhng

b rng ca mi xung s thay i tng ng vi bin tc thi ca tn hiu iuch, trong cch iu ch ny, xung c rng ln nht biu th phn bin dng ln nht ca tn hiu iu ch. Xung c rng hp nht biu th phn bin m nht ca tn hiu iu ch.

Trong iu ch rng xung ,tn hiu cn c ly mu phi c chuyn ithnh dng xung c rng xung t l vi bin tn hiu ly mu. thc hin

iu ch rng xung,ta c th thc hin theo s khi sau:

S khi h thng PWMTrong s khi, tn hiu iu ch c a n khi so snh in p cngvi tn hiu pht ra t b pht hm RAMP.

3. iu ch v tr xung (PPM):Vi phng php iu ch v tr xung th cc xung c iu ch c bin v

rng xung khng thay i theo bin ca tn hu iu ch.Hnh thc n gin ca iu ch v tr xung l qa trnh iu ch rng xung.

iu ch v tr xung c u im l s dng t nng lng hn iu ch rngxung nhng c nhc im l qu trnh gii iu bin my thu phc tp hn ccdng iu ch khc.

4. iu ch m xung:Phng php iu ch m xung c xem l phng php chnh xc vhiu qu nht trong cc phng php iu ch xung.

Trong iu ch m xung mi mu bin ca tn hiu iu ch c bini bng s nh phn s nh phn ny c biu th bng nhm xung, s hindin ca mt xung biu th bng [1]v s thiu i mt xung biu th bng mc[0]. Ch c th biu th trn 16 bin khc nhau ca bin tn hiu (m 4 bit),v vy n khng c chnh xc. chnh xc c th c ci thin bng cchtng s bit. Mi m n bit c th biu th c 2n mc ring bit ca tn hiu .

Trong phng php iu ch m xung, tn s th c quyt nh bi tn

hiu cao nht trong qu trnh x l, iu ny cho thy rng nu nhng mu th

Tn hiu iuch

B pht hmRAMP

Sosnh

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c ly mc ln hn 2 ln tn s tn hiu th tn s tn hiu mu c phch.

Tuy nhin, trong thc t thng thng mu th mc nh nht khong10 ln so vi tn hiu ln nht. V vy, tn s cng cao th thi gian ly mu cngnh (mc ly mu cng nhiu) dn n linh kin chuyn mch c tc x l cao.

Ngc li, nu s dng tn s ly mu thp thi gian ly mu cng rng, nhng chnh xc khng cao. Thng thng ngi ta ch s dng khong 10 ln tnhiu nh nht. Kt lun:

im thun li ca phng php iu bin xung l mc d tn hiu AM rtyu, chng hu nh mt hn trong nhiu n xung quanh, nu phng php iuch PPM, PWM, PCM l tn hiu iu ch bng cch tch ra khi ting n. Vi

phng php nh vy, iu ch m xung PCM s cho kt qu tt nht, v n chcn quyt nh xung no hin din, xung no khng hin din.

Cc phng php iu ch xung nh PPM, PWM, PAM phn no cngtheo kiu tng t. V cc dng xung ra sau khi iu ch c s thay i v bin, rng xung, v tr xung theo tn hiu ly mu. i vi phng php bin im xung PCM th dng xung ra l dng nh phn ch c 2 mc [0] v [1].

m ha tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s, ng ta chia trc thi gian ranhng khong bng nhau v trc bin ra 2n khong cho 1 bit, nu s mc cngnhiu th thi gian cng nh, chnh xc cng cao. Ta mi thi im ly mu

bin c o, ri ly mc tng ng vi bin v chuyn i dng nh phn.Kt qu ng ra ta thu c mt chui xung (dng nh phn).

III. IU KHIN T XA DNG TIA HNG NGOI:1. Khi nim v tia hng ngoi:Anh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c

bng mt thng, c bc sng khong 0,8 m n 0.9m, tia hng ngoi c vntc truyn bng vn tc nh sng.

Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N ng dng rng ritrong cng nghip. Lng thng tin c th t c 3Mbit/s Trong k thuttruyn tin bng si quang dn khng cn cc trm khuch i gia chng, ngita c th truyn mt lc 15000 in thoi hay 12 knh truyn hnh qua mt si tquang vi ng knh 0,13 mm vi khong cch 10Km n 20 Km. Lng thng

tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in tm ngi ta vn dng.Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu khin t xa

chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng do khi thu phi ng hng. 2. Ngun pht sng hng ngoi v ph ca n:

Cc ngun sng nhn to thng cha nhiu sng hng ngai. Hnh dicho ta quang ph ca cc ngun pht sng ny.

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IRED :Diode hng ngoi.LA : Laser bn dn .

LR : n hunh quang.Q : n thy tinh.W :Bng n in vi dy tim wolfram.PT : Phototransistor.

Ph ca mt ngi v phototransistor(PT) cng c trnh by so snh.n thy ngn gn nh khng pht tia hng ngoi. Ph ca n hunh quang baogm cc c tnh ca cc loi khc. Ph ca transistor kh rng. N khng nhytrong vng nh snh thy c, nhng n cc i nh ph ca LED hngngoi.

Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quang hc ging nh nh snh (s hi tqua thu knh, tiu cc). nh sng v sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r trongs xuyn sut qua vt cht. C nhng vt mt ta thy phn chiu sng nhngi vi tia hng ngoi n l nhng vt phn chiu ti. C nhng vt ta thy ndi mt mu xm c nhng vi nh sng hng ngoi n tr nn trong sut.

iu ny gii thch ti sao LED hng ngoi c hiu sut cao hn so vi LED chomu xanh l cy, mu V rng, vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi nhsng hng ngoi, tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n phi vt qua cc lp bndn i ra ngoi.

i sng ca LED hng ngoi di n 100000 gi (hn 11 nm), LED hngngoi khng pht sng cho li im trong cc thit b kim sot v khng gy sch . 3. Linh kin thu sng hng ngoi:

Ngi ta c th dng quang in tr, phototransistor, photodiode thusng hng ngoi gn. thu sng hng ngoi trung bnh v xa pht ra t c th

con ngi, vt nng Loi detector vi vt liu Lithiumtitanat hay tm cht doPolyviny-Lidendifluorid (PVDF). C th con ngi pht tia hng ngoi vi disng t 8ms n 10 ms.

3.1 QUANG IN TR:1. Cu to:Kt cu ca mt trong cc loi quang in tr c trnh by trong hnh bn

(1a).

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Hnh 1a

Trong v cht do c ca s nh sng chiu qua, ngi ta t phm thytinh 2, trn c ri cc in cc hnh lc. Khong cch gia cc in cc chalp bn dn. Cc in cc dn in v c ni n cc chn cm xuyn qua v. bo v lp v khi b m t, ngi ta ph ln trn b mt n mt lp sntrong sut. Ty theo loi quang in tr b mt lm vic ca lp bin thin trong

phm vi t 0,01 n 0,04 cm2 .Ta la chn quang in tr theo ph bc x ca vt cht. Nhng loi quang

in tr trong cng nghip c ch to bng Sulfit ch (CA) c s dng ch th nhit ng v tnh trng vt th nung nng nhit tng i thp

(2000

C 4000

C ). Do t tuyn ph ca chng (ng 1 hnh 1b) cn cc inm trong khu vc gn bc x hng ngai (1,8m n 2,5m).

Hnh 1b

c tuyn ph ca quang in tr Sulfit ch.c tuyn ph ca loi Sulfit bil muyt ( C5) th hin ng 2 hnh 1b gnnh cng di bc sng vi loi Sulfit Catmi (CK) trong khu vc nh sng trngthy:

2. Nguyn l lm vic:

S nguyn l

Qu trnh lm vic ca mch nh sau:Khi cha chiu sng mt quang in tr, dng in qua n v mch ngoi nh

nht gi l dng in ti.Khi chiu sng mt quang in tr vi chiu di bc sng thch hp, in tr

tinh th bn dn gim ng k. Hin tng nay ph thuc vo cht bn dn cs dng, tp cht, chiu di bc sng.

Gi tr in tr ph thuc nh sng chiu vo, c th thay i t M n

3. c tuyn:

+ -

IF%

50

01 2 3

(m)

12

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a. c tuyn Volt- Ampere:c tuyn V-A tng tuyn tnh v dng in ti cng nh dng in sng.

Dng in ti kh ln (xem c tuyn V-A).Dng in sng l dng qua quang in tr khi c nh sng chiu vo.

Dng in ti l dng qua quang in tr khi cha c nh sng chiu vo.T c tuyn V-A ta nhn thy nhy ca quang in tr ph thuc in p

t vo n. V th, ngi ta thng s dng sut nhy k0 nh gi quangin tr.

k0 l dng quang in trn mt n v quang thng, i vi mt Volt in pt vo. Sut nhy ca loi quang in tr Sulfit ch nm trong gii hn t 400n 500 A/ mV. Loi Sulfit bit muyt bng 1000 A/mV. Loi sulfit Catmi nmtrong gii hn 2500 -3000 A/ mV.

Nh sut nhy tch phn cao nh vy, cng nh c ph bc x hng ngoirng (ph cc bc x nhit) nn chng c s dng ph bin trong cc b ch th

v b chuyn i nhit.b. c tuyn nh sng:Quang in tr c c tuyn nh sng khng tuyn tnh. V th, ch in camch s dng thng tnh theo th im sng v c tuyn V-A

c.Tiu chun l chn in p ngun cung cp cho quang in tr lphi m bo:

in p trn quang in tr Sulfit ch khi lm vic trong thi gian di thnggii hn 15V, cn cng sut vi chc W.

nhy tch phn cao cng nh hn ch cng sut ta ra trong quang intr, vt qa n s dn ti phn ng khng thun nghch.

nhy tch phn l cng dng in pht sinh khi mt n v quang thngchiu vo (A/lm).

5 10 15 2025

I(mA)

1412108642

0.02

0 200 500 10001500 E(V)

IF(mA)654321

c-k1

c k2

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4. ng dng:Da vo nguyn l lm vic quang in tr c ng dng vo nhiu lnh

vc k thut sau:-Phn t pht hin.-o sng trong quang ph.-Lm cm bin trong rt nhiu h thng t ng ha.-Bo v, bo ng

3.2 DIODE QUANG:1. Cu to:

Diode quang thng c ch to bng gecmani v silic. Hnh 2a trnh bycu to ca diode quang ch to bng silic ( ,K-1) dng lm b ch th tia ln cn

bc x hng ngoi.

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Hnh 2a 2. Nguyn l:

Hnh 2b Hnh 2cDiode quang c th lm vic trong 2 ch :

-Ch bin i quang in.-Ch ngun quang in.a. Nguyn l trong ch bin i quang in (hnh 2b)

Lp p c mc vo cc m ca ngun in, lp n mc vi cc dng, phncc nghch nn khi cha chiu sng ch c dng in nh b chy qua ng vidng in ngc (cn gi l dng in ti). Khi c quang thng dng in quami ni p-n tng ln gi l dng in sng.

Dng tng trong mch gm c dng ti v dng sng, cng chiu lp n gntip th dng sng cng ln.

b. Nguyn l lm vic ca diode trong ch ngun pht quang in (pin

mt tr) (H2c)Khi quang thng, cc in tch trn m ni p-n c gii phng ta ra sc inng trn 2 cc ca diode, do , lm xut hin dng in chy trong mch.

Tr s sc in ng xut hin trong ngun pht quang in ph thuc vo loingun pht v tr s ca quang thng. 3. Vi thng s ca diode quang v pin mt tri:

Rt

-

+

P

N

Rt

P

N

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Hnh 2d - Diode quang c th lm vic 2 ch va nu, khi dng lm b bin quang in ta a vo n mt in p 20V, cc a chn lc nm trong gii hn0.8m 0,85 m (Hnh 2d).

- Gii hn nhy ca n trn bc sng = 1,2m

- nhy tch phn k = 4A/lm- i v diode quang ch ta bng gecmani, nhy ny cao hn 20 mA/lm. 4.ng dng ca diode quang:

- o nh sng.- Cm bin quang o tc .- Dng trong thin vn theo di cc ngi sao o khong cch bng quang.- iu khin t ng trong my chp hnh.- Diode quang Silic c th lm vic -50 0C +80 0C.- Diode quang gecmani c th lm vic 50 0C +40 0C.

3.3 TRANSISTOR QUANG:

1.Cu to:

Hnh 3aHnh 3a: trnh by s nguyn l ca transistor quang. Ba lp n-p-n to nn 2

tip gip p-n . Mt trong nhng lp ngoi c kch thc nh quang thng cth chiu vo gia lp nn. Lp nn ny mng a lp hp th lng tquang n gn tip gip p-n.

NP

N

E

B

C

a s

+E

I

B

C

E

0.5 0.7 0.8 1 1.3

( m)

IF

(%)

100

50

0

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Mch tng ng K hiu2.Nguyn l:Trong transistor quang ch c th lm vic ch bin i quang in (c

in p ngoi t vo ). Tr s in p ny khang 3V n 5V.Xt hnh 3a: Mi ni BC c phn cc ngc lm vic nh mt diode quang.

Khi c quang thng chiu vo n to ra dng in dng lm tc ng transistor,dn n dng Ic tng ln nhiu ln so vi dng diode quang.Dng Ic c tnh nh sau:

Ic = ( Ip + Ib )( hfe + 1)hfe : li DC.Ip : dng quang in khi c nh sng chiu vo mi ni BC.Ib : dng cc B khi c phn cc ngoi.

Khi cc B c phn cc bn ngoi. li b thay i v tr khng vo catransistor c tnh:Zin = Rin + hfe

Dng r : Iceo = hfe + IcboIcbo : dng r cc BC

li cng cao p ng cng nhanh. 3. c tuyn:

Sau y gii thiu mt th nh tnh ca quang transistor MRD 300.

c tuyn ph ca transistor MRD 300.

IF :Dng khi c nh sng chiu vo.4.ng dng:Do transistor quang c nhy ln hn diode quang, nn phm vi ng dng

ca n rng ri hn.ng dng trong vic ng ngt mch, iu khin t ng trong cng nghipTrong nhng mch in cm bin quang cn nhy cao.

3.4 LED THU:1.Cu to: 5V

2

in p quinh

0.5M 10K

1

3

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

1.2 ( m)

IF( %)

100

50

0

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2.Nguyn l:Gi s cc iu kin phn cc cho IC hon chnh, khi IC nhn tn hiu

iu khin t diode pht quang, mch khuch i Op-Amp ca IC s bin idng in thu c t diode ra in p (in p ny c khuch i). Tn hiuin p c a n Smith trigger to xung vung, xung ny c nhim vkhch transistor ng ra hat ng, lc ng ra ti chn s 2 ca IC mc thp,tn hiu ng ra tc ng mc 0, c th c dng iu khin gin tip mt ti

no .Khi ngn nh sng chiu vo th ngc li transistor khng hat ng dn nchn s 2 ln mc cao .IV. S KHI H THNG IU KHIN T XA DNG TIA HNGNGOI:

1. My pht:

S khi my pht Gii thch s s khi my pht: My pht c nhim v to ra lnh iu khin, m ha v pht tn hiu nmy thu, lnh truyn i c iu ch. Khi pht lnh iu khin:

khi ny c nhim v to ra lnh iu khin t nt nhn (phm iu khin).

Khi mt phm c n tc l mt lnh c to ra . Cc nt n ny c th lmt nt ( mch iu khin n gin), hay mt ma trn nt ( mch iu khinchc nng). Ma trn phm c b tr theo ct v hng. Lnh iu khin c an b m ha di dng cc bit nh phn tng ng vi tng phm iu khin. Khi m ha:

truyn cc tn hiu khc nhau n my thu m chng khng ln ln nhau, taphi tin hnh m ha cc tn hiu (lnh iu khin). Khi m ha ny c nhimv bin i cc lnh iu khin thnh cc bit nh phn, hin tng bin i nygi l m ha. C nhiu phng php m ha khc nhau: ; iu ch bin xung.

; iu ch v tr xung. ; iu ch rng xung.

Pht lnhiu khin

Mha

iuch

Khuchi

Dao ng tosng mang

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; iu ch m xung.Trong k thut iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngai, phng php iu ch m

xung thng c s dng nhiu hn c, v phng php ny tng i n gin,d thc hin. Khi dao ng to sng mang:

Khi ny c nhim v to ra sng mang tn s n nh, sng mang ny smang tn hiu iu khin khi truyn ra mi trng. Khi iu ch:

Khi ny c nhim v kt hp tn hiu iu khin m ha sng mang a n khi khuch i. Khi khuch i:

Khuch i tn hiu ln LED pht hng ngoi pht tn hiu ra mitrng. LED pht:

bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu hng ngoi pht ra mi trng.2.My thu:

S khi my thu Gii thch s khi my thu:

Chc nng ca my thu l thu c tn hiu iu khin t my pht, loi bsng mang, gii m tn hiu iu khin thnh cc lnh ring bit, t mi lnh sa n khi chp hnh c th. LED thu :

Thu tn hiu hng ngoi do my pht truyn ti v bin i thnh tn hiu iukhin. Khi khuch i:

C nhim v khuch i tn hiu iu khin ln ln t t, LED thu hng ngoi qu trnh x l tn hiu c d dng. Khi tch sng mang :

Khi ny c chc nng trit tiu sng mang, ch gi li tn hiu iu khin nhtn hiu gi i t my pht. Khi gii m:

Nhim v ca khi ny l gii m tn hiu iu khin thnh cc lnh iu khindi dng cc bit nh phn hay cc dng khc a n khi chp hnh c th.Do nhim v ca khi ny rt quan trng. Khi cht:

C nhim v gi nguyn trng thi tc ng khi tn hiu iu khin khng cn,iu ny c ngha l khi pht lnh iu khin ta ch tc ng vo phm n 1 ln,trng thi mch ch thay i khi ta ch tc ng vo nt khc thc hin iu khin

lnh khc. Khi khuch i:

Khuchi

Tchsng

Gii m Cht

Khuch iMch chphnh

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Khuch i tn hiu iu khin ln tc ng c vo mch chp hnh. Khi chp hnh:

C th l role hay mt linh kin iu khin no , y l khi cui cng tcng trc tip vo thit b thc hin nhim v iu khin mong mun.

V. IU KHIN T XA DNG SNG V TUYN:

S lc v h thng thu pht v tuyn:H thng v tuyn l h thng truyn tn hiu t ni ny sang ni khc bng

sng in t. Tn hiu thng tin c truyn i t ni pht c chuyn thnh tnhiu in. Sau c m ha truyn i; ti ni thu, tn hiu in s c giim, ti to li thng tin ban u.

Vic iu ch tn hiu in trong h thng v tuyn, truyn tn hiu l qu trnht tn hiu thng tin vo sng mang c tn s cao hn truyn i, ti my thu

tn hiu s loi b thnh phn sng mang, ch nhn v x l ti to li tn hiuthng tin, y l qu trnh gii m iu ch. Khi nim v h thng iu khin t xa dng sng v tuyn:

H thng iu khin t xa dng sng v tuyn bao gm my pht v my thu.My pht c nhim v pht ra lnh iu khin truyn ra mi trng di dng

sng in t mang theo tin tc iu khin. My thu thu tin tc t mi trng, xl tin tc v a ra lnh iu khin n mch chp hnh. c im ca h thngny l phi dng Antena bc x tn hiu i vi my pht, dng Antena thutn hiu i vi my thu.

1.S khi my pht:

S khi my pht Gii thch s khi: Khi pht lnh iu khin: Dng cc phm pht lnh iu khin theo

phng thc ma trn phm hay tng phm n ring l. Khi m ha: Bin i sng dao ng in c to ra t bn phm lnhthnh sng in c tn s c trng cho lnh iu khin tng ng. Khi dao ng cao tn: To dao ng bn trong my pht, c nhim v lmsng mang chuyn ch tn hiu iu khin trong khng gian.

Pht lnhiu khin

Mha

Dao ngcao tn

Khuch icao tn

iuch

Antenna

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Khi iu ch: Phi hp 2 tn hiu dao ng li vi nhau theo cc phngphp khc nhau, ty theo c im ca h thng thu - pht nh iu ch bin (AM), iu ch tn s (FM), iu ch pha (PM). Khi khuch i cao tn: Khuch i bin tn hiu nhm tng cngcng sut bc x sng in t.

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2. S khi my thu:

S khi my thu Gii thch s khi my thu: Khi khuch i cao tn: khuch i bin tn hiu cao tn thu c tAntena b li nng lng ca sng in t tiu hao khi lan truyn trong mitrng. Khidao ng ni: l dao ng cao tn hnh sin bin i nng lng daong mt chiu thnh xoay chiu c tn s yu cu. Khi dao ng ni l daong t kch c tn s n nh cao. Khi trn tn: bin i tn hiu cao tn thnh tn hiu trung tn chung, vitn s ny vic thit k mch cng nh n nh tr nn d dng hn. Khi trn

tn cn c nhim v khuch i bin tn hiu trung tn chung. Khi tch sng: c nhim v trit tiu sng mang cao tn, phc hi li tnhiu iu khin. Khi gii m: nhn bit tn hiu va pht i pht ra lnh tc ng ngthit b cn iu khin. Khi lnh iu khin: gm cc mch ng lc, ng ngt ngun cho thit

b, hay iu khin chc nng thit b t trc.Qua thc nghim cho thy, sng in t c th bc x v lan truyn trong

mi trng th tn s dao ng in thch hp l ln hn 100 kHz. Ngoi ra vn phi hp tr khng gia cc tn trong my pht, gia antena v tn cng sut

pht l rt quan trng trong vic nng cao khong cch pht sng.V Antena thu c c tnh cng hng vi tn s pht nn kch thc antenac quan h cht ch vi bc sng pht. i vi antena Sut (whip anten) chiu dica antena xp x vi , , , 3/2 , v l bc sng my pht.

Tm thu-pht ca h thng cn ph thuc vo a hnh, cao ca antena v nhy ca thit b.

3.Phn knh iu khin t xa bng v tuyn nhiu chc nng: Phn knh :

iu khin nhiu chc nng ca mt thit b iu khin t xa, my thuphi s dng ma trn phm, mi phm c iu ch vi mt tn hiu ring bit

(c m ha) khi my thu ti to li tn hiu v thc hin vic iu khin thit

Khuch

i caotn

Trntn

Tchsng

Giim

Lnhiu

khin

Thitb

Dao ngni

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b ng vi chc nng ca phm va pht i. Qu trnh gi l qu trnh phnknh.

Trong iu khin t xa dng sng v tuyn c nhiu k thut phn knhnh phn knh theo bin ,phn knh theo tn s, phn knh theo thi giannhng thng dng nht l phn knh theo tn s. iu khin t xa bng v tuyn nhiu chc nng:

S MY PHT NHIU KNH

Antena

S KHI MY THU NHIU KNH

VI. SO SNH PHNH PHP IU KHIN T XA DNG TIA HNGNGOI V V TUYN:

A. u v khuyt im ca tng phng php:1. Phng php iu khin t xa dng sng v tuyn:

a. u im:- Truyn t tn hiu vi khong cch xa.- Khng b nh hng nhiu i vi vt cn.

-Tm pht rng nhiu hng khc nhau nn c th iu khin cng mt lci vi thit b nhn knh ng thi.

B chnknh

Dao ngto xungiu khin

Dao ngiu chcao tn

Khuch icao tn

Tchsng

B tchknh 1

iukhin 1

B tchknh 2

iukhin 2

B

tchknh n

iukhin n

Thu vkhuchi cao

tn

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b. Khuyt im:- Khi pht hay thu u cn c Anten.- Lm cho khng gian b bo ha, gy nhiu v tyn- Hay b nh hng nhiu gy mo dng hoc sai tn hiu nn khng iu

khin c.- trnh nh hng cc tn s pht sng chuyn nghip nn phi tun

theo qui nh ca bu in (theo tiu chun FCC phi pht sng nm trong dytn nghip d). Do , vn dn knh theo phng php phn ng th tn s

b gii hn v dy tn ny rt hp, do vy khng th no iu khin c nhiuknh.

- V tuyn b nhiu nn h thng m ha phc tp hn.- Tnh kh thi thp v nhiu linh kin, ti liu v thit b o trong iu kin

ngi lm ti.

2 . Phng php iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngoi:a. u im:- Khng dy dn.- Led pht v thu nh, gn d thit k lp t v c tin cy cao.- p cung cp thp, cng sut tiu tn nh.- iu khin c nhiu thit b.- Tnh kh thi cao, linh kin d tm thy v thi cng d.

b. Khuyt im:- Tm xa b hn ch.- Dng in cao tc thi.

- Nhiu hng ngi do cc ngun nhit xung quanh ta pht ra, nn gy nhhng v hn ch tm pht. Do ch dng trong phng, kho hoc ni c nhit mi trng nh hng thp.

- Hn ch khi b vt cn nn khng th pht xa c.

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B. PHN TCH U KHUYT IM:1Vn tn s sng mang:

Khi cn pht i xa cn phi c sng mang truyn tin tc cn truyn. Viphng php v tuyn s dng sng mang tn s kh cao nn kh thi cng. Mckhc, phng php dng sng v tuyn phi tun theo qui nh ca bu in, cn

phng php dng tia hng ngoi s dng tn s thp d thi cng, khng cnkhung cng hng LC nh sng v tuyn.

2.Vn thu-pht: Vi phng php dng sng v tuyn khng gn nh, do phi dng antena

pht v thu gy bt tin khi s dng v khong cch iu khin li ph thucnhiu vo chiu di ca antena, iu kin mi trng v a hnh. Ngoi ra cn

phi lu n vn phi hp th khng gia cc antena thu v mch khuch icng sut pht.

Vi phng php iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngoi th c nhiu u im

hn nh gn nh, khng cn n antena thu-pht, kch thc LED hng ngoi nhnn d b tr, gi thnh linh kin khng cao lm. 3.Vn cng sut pht: nng cao khong cch iu khin th phi nng cao cng sut pht, nhyca thit b. Trong trng hp iu khin dng sng v tuyn c nhc im lkhuch i cng hng nm tn cng sut gy nn cng knh cho phn pht vcng sut tiu tn trn mch ln.

Vi phng php iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngoi th tng cngkhong cch pht th ta c th tng s lng led pht hay phn cc cho cc ledchy mnh hn phn tng nhy th khng t ra v n d nh hng t bn

ngoi.4. Phm vi ng dng:Hng ngoi c s dng nhiu iu khin thit b sinh hot trong gia nh,

phm vi lm vic hp, khng s dng ngoi nng. Kh nng iu khin ca sngv tuyn ln hn tia hng ngoi. 5. Kh nng thc thi: Nhng thit b c nh IC SZ9148, SZ9149 (2248, 2249 tng ng) LED

pht, u thu hng ngoi. Nhng linh kin ca mch thi cng v tuyn nh cccun dy lm khung cng hng kh tm v khng c thit b o lng. 6. Kt lun- chn phng n thi cng:

Sau khi so snh phn tch nhng thun li v kh khn c bn, em nhn thyphng n thi cng mch iu khin t xa dng tia hng ngoi cng c ngdng nhiu trong cc thit b in chng hn nh iu khin ng ngt 1 tipim, 2 tip im, Trong phm vi ti ny em quyt nh dng k thut iukhin t xa bng tia hng ngoi vo vic iu khin tc qut bn, hn gi ttqut, cng nh iu khin cho qut chy qua li.

CHNGIIIGII THIU MT S MCH NG DNG

1.TAI NGHE HNG NGOI:Khi s dng tai nghe radio casset, tivi ta lun c cm gic vng vu dy

dn, khng c t do i li, rt bt tin. Sau y l mch ng dng thu, pht

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hng ngoi gip cho ta va i li t do trong phng ca mnh va nghe nhc, tintc m khng nh hng ti ngi khc.

S mch pht:

Trong :D1, D2, D3 : LD271T1 : BS170T2 : BS 547B

R1: 100k , R2: 80k , R3 = 6 8P1: Bin tr 100k .C1 = 100n, C2 = 220 F, 16V.

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch:Ba LED hng ngoi c cp in vi MOSFET T1. Dng in ny c th

chnh c nh bin tr P1. Tn hiu m thanh n C1 phn mt chiu c gili, phn xoay chiu n cc n ca T1 v lm bin iu dng in qua cc ledhng ngoi. Cng nh sng hng ngoi pht i do b bin iu (AM). T2v R3 hn ch dng in qua mosfet T1 lm hng LED khi cng c in th quln. Dng in b hng ch nh hn 100mA. Transistor BS170 c th lm vic vi

dng in qua cc mng n 500mA v c cng sut tiu tn 730mW, t C2 l tlc ngun: S mch thu:

D 1

D 2

D 3

R

8 2 K

R 11 0 0 K

R 36 . 8

C 32 2 0

P1 0 0 K

C 1

1 0 0 nT 1B S 1

3

2

1

T 2

B C 5 4 7 B

J 19 V

J 20 V

+

-

K 1

D 1

P H O T O D I O D EC 14 7

C 3

2 2 0C 2

1 0 nB T 1

9 VT 2M O S F E T N

J 1

P H O N E J A

R 2

8 2 0 K

R 14 7 0 K

R 35 6 0 k

P 1 1 0 0 K

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Nguyn l hat ng:Trong mch thu ta c th dng diode BPW41W hay BP140. C 2 diode u

c che chn bi mt mng lc nh sng. Vi in tr 560 , ta c th dngng nghe loi 600 , nh th T1 lm vic vi ti 300 . P1 c chnh sao chos mo m thanh b nht. R1 l in tr hn ch dng cho LED.

Khi D1 nhn tn hiu t b pht, sau a n tc ng cc cng ca T2, tnhiu c khuch i loi b sng mang tn hiu m tn ly ra chn D caMOSFET T2 ni qua loa (K1) 2.. VI NC IU KHIN T XA BNG TIA HNG NGOI: Thit b ny cho php ta khi th tay vo vi nc my nc s t ng chyra, v khi cho tay vo ta s chn tia hng ngoi, khi rt tay ra sau mt thi gian

ngn vi nc s t ng ngng. Thit b t ng ny thch hp vi cc khchsn, bnh vin v nhng ni cng cng khc.S mch pht:

Nguyn l hat ng:Sau khi ng chuyn mch S, linh kin HG-11F chuyn dng pht hng

ngoi c cp in s lm vic. Linh kin ny s phi hp vi mt s linh kinkhc bn ngoi c th sinh ra mt tn hiu c tn s dao ng 38kHz, qua kchtransistor VT9013 hat ng lm cho led pht tia hng ngoi ra ngoi.

S mch thu

Nguyn l hat ng :Khi nhn tia hng ngoi t mch pht LED hat ng, in p ri trn led

nh, khng phn cc cho transistor VT1, VT1 trng thi ngt. Lc , chns 2 ca IC1 s mc cao, u ra chn s 3 mc in thp, role k khng ht,

van in t DF ng. Khi dng tay che tia hng ngoi pht ra t GH, bng thuFTS4091 khng c tn hiu, dng vo Transistor ln lm cho transistor dn bo

1 . H G - 1 1 1 F7 .

R *

1 0 k

R 1

1 k

R 2

1 0 0 0 M

C 1

1 0 0 0 p

Q 1

V T 9 0

G H P H

G B

6 V

O U T 7 8 0 5 I N

G N D

A

2

F P S - 4 0 9 12

3

1

R 1

2 K C 14 7

I C 1M C 1 5 5 5

T R2

C V5

Q3

D I S7

T H R6

R

4

R 3

1 0 0 K

C 2

0 . 0 1

D 1

C 3

4 7-+

T

K 1

R E L A Y

R 2

1 0 K

Q V T 1

9 0 1 3

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ha, in th chn s 2 ca IC1 gim xung mc thp, dn n u ra chn s 3ln mc in cao, role K ht, tip im thng h K1 ni thng ngun in chovan in t DF, vi nc c m. Sau khi ra tay xong, vi nc s t ngngt.

3. MCH IN IC IU KHIN T XA MI NHT WG0623A:

Hin nay, thit b in trong gia nh ngy cng nhiu, b phn iu khin txa (remote) cng ngy cng dng ph bin, con ngi cn c mt b iu khin txa vn nng. gii quyt iu ny c th dng vi x l tin tin ca nc ngoiIC-WG0623A ch to thnh mt b iu khin xa c th thay th cho mi remotehin c v nh iu khin t xa tt c cc thit b ang dng trong gia nh.

S chn:

1mm 11

27S chn K

hiuChc nng

1,9,37,51,52 NC Cha ni

2 FR u ra tn hiu iu khin xa3 V0 Ngun in bn trong nisong song vi chn s 4

4 V00 Ngun in5 XIN u vo mch dao ng ni6 XOUT u ra mch dao ng ni8 RET u vo hn thng phc v7,10,13,14,16,20,23,33,45,46,47,48

GND Ni t

11 S+ Chn ni bn trong, ni songsong vi chn 1212 S- Chn ni bn trong, ni song

song vi chn 1115 AMPI u vo khuch i thu17 u ra khuch a thu18 VREG in p tham kho a ra

V00Hin cc b iu khin t xa dng IC s dng trong thit b in gia nh

u c m iu khin t xa c nh, v i tng iu khin t xa hnh thnh tng

i c quan h vi nhau. Nhng c im ln nht ca IC WG0623A l c kh

1 52 4844 40 39

6 WG062335

3213 14 20

26 27 27

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nng hc, n c th m phng tt c m pht ca LED iu khin t xa bng tiahng ngoi, v th c th s dng thay cc b iu khin t xa thng dng.

Bn trong caWG0623A ch yu do 3 b phn to thnh:b phn pht m,b phn thu, CPU v mch u ni ngoi vi. B phn pht m thc hin vic phtm iu khin t xa; b phn thu thc hin vic thu m iu khin t xa khi hc;CPU l trng tm ca chip IC. Lc pht m, n c nhim v cung cp cho u raca b phn pht m nhng s liu v tham s t trong b phn nh; lc thu, ntin hnh phn tch vi m iu khin t xa thu c. Sau n nh trong bnh tham s sng mang v s liu ca m iu khin t xa nhn c.

Hin ti c th dng WG0623A ch to thnh b iu khin t xa tin tinnht. B iu khin t xa ny va thch hp s dng bnh thng trong gia nhcng c th bn km vi cc sn phm nh: VCD, thit b m hng, tivi

4.Mch iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi mt nt nhn:Chng ta c th s dng mt s linh kin r v IC 4047BE to ra mt b

iu khin t xa mt nt nhn ng ct cc thit b trong gia nh. Tm hotng ca b thu pht ny rt ln, c th n 10 m.S chn ca IC 4047BE:

Chn 1 Cext: kt ni t bn ngoi.2 Rext : kt ni in tr bn ngoi.3 R/C : chn kt ni chung gia t v in tr bn ngoi.4 EAI : chn cho php tn hiu vo (tc ng mc thp).5 EAO: chn cho php tn hiu vo (tc ng mc cao).6 T : chn kch vo t cao xung thp.7 V ss : chn ni mass.8 T0 : chn kch vo t thp ln cao.9 MR : Master Reset.10 : ng ra (chn dao ng ng ra).11 : ng ra o.12 : Reset.13 : chn dao ng .14 Voc : chn cp ngun nui.

S mch pht : Trong C1= 100F t lc ngun; C2 = 2,2nFR1= 10k ; Q1: 2SC1815; D1 :led

R2= 56

81 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9

7654321

E a o

E a 1M R

R e s e tC e x tR / C e x t

V d d0 T 1 Q N Q M R T o

C e x tR e x tR / C e x tE N a 1E a oT N 1V s s

0

Q

Q N1

2

3

1

2

3

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Mch pht ra tia hng ngoi c tn s khong 10kHz, xung ra dng vung, cdng trung bnh khong 50mA.

S mch thu :

Trong :R1 : 12K ;R2 : 1,2M ;R3: 4,7K ;R4 : 1K ;R5 : 1,5M

R6 : 220 ;R7 : 4,7K ;R8 : 1,5M ;R9 : 4,7K ;C1 : 100 F

C2 : 10 F ;C3 : 4,7 F ;C4 : 14 F ;C5 : 100 F ;C6 : 4,7 F ;C7 : 1 FQ1,Q2,Q3,Q4 : 2SC1015 Nguyn l hat ng:

Sau khi nhn nt ON/OFF th mch pht hat ng. Led hng ngoi pht ratia hng ngoi. mch thu, led thu tip nhn ri t gii iu ch ly tn hiuxung 10kHz a n Q1, Q2, Q3 lm cho Q1 khng hat ng c, Q4 hotng lm cho role Y1 ht. Ngc li khng nhn nt ON/OFF th rle Y1 khnght. T rle Y1 ta c th a n iu khin mt thit b in no .

S pht:

Nguyn l hat ng:S nguyn l my pht tia hng ngoi trn c bc sng khong

850mm. LD1 l LED pht hng ngoi. B a hi Q1, Q2 pht xung vung c tns khong 10kHz kch Q3 hat ng iu ch sng hng ngoi.

R 25 6

O N /

S W 1Q 12 N 1 0 6 9

R 1

1 0 k C 2

2 . 2 n

B T 1

9 VD 0L E D

I C 1

4 0 4 7

A S T5

A S T4

- T6

+ T8

R E T1 2

R C C3

C X1

R X2

R S T9

Q1 0

Q1 1

O S C1 3

V C C 9 V

Q 3

2 S C 1 0 1 5Q 1

2 S C 1 0 1 5

Q ?2 N 1 0 6 9

R 1

1 2 k

D 1

R 6

2 2 0R 34 . 7 k

R 2

1 . 2 M

R 8

1 . 5 M

C 3

4 . 7 n

C 4

1 0 n

C 5

1 0 0 n

C 6

4 . 7 U

C 11 0 0 u

Q 22 S A 1 0 1 5

R 5

1 . 5 M

R 7

4 . 7 K

R 9

4 . 7 K

D 2

D 1

C 71 U

K 1

R L Y

C 21 0 n

6 .

R 2

1 0 K

R 1

1 0 K

R 41 0 K

R 3

1 0 KR 54 7 K

Q 3N P N

Q 2N P N

C 1

1 0 0 n

C 2

1 0 0 n

Q 1

N P N

L E D

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S mch thu:Tng t nh my thu phn 4, ta ch thay i li cch mc phn Q4

nh sau:

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Khi c tn hiu hng ngoi Q4 dn bo ha v SCR tt. ng dng ca mch: Bo ng khi c k gian.

Khi c k gian i qua khu vc lm che khut tia hng ngoi t mch pht chiun mch thu lm cho mch thu mt tn hiu, Q4 mt in p nn tt, cng G caSCR lc ny rt dng nn dn v cp ngun ci bo ng. Rung chung khi c khch n:

Nu h thng dng bo chung khi c khch n th c th b ci h mc SCRvo chung. m sn phm trong mt dy chuyn sn xut:

Khi cn m sn phm th SCR c thay bng Transistor C2335 (kha ngun)cho chung 110V hay 220V hoc H106 (kha ngun) cho chung dng pin. Cmi ln vt chy ngang tm che khut tia hng ngoi l mt ln bo chung.

9 V

C 24 7 0 n

C 1

1 0 0 nC 32 2 0

D 2

D 1

Q 3N P N

R 54 7 K

S C

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CHNG IVTHIT K MCH

A. IC LOGIC CMOS: 1.i cng :

CMOS c vit tt t Complementary-Metall-Oxide-Silicon. u tinCMOS c nghin cu s dng trong k thut hng khng v tr. Vi cc ctnh nh khng b ph thuc vo li in, min nhiu Ngy nay CMOS cs dng rng ri trong li in cng nghip, in t, y khoa, k thut xe hi vc trong k thut my tnh in t.

- CMOS c cc c tnh quan trng:- Cng sut tiu tn b: 0,25 nW per gate (static)- in p lm vic t 3V n 15V, max 18V.- CMOS chng nhiu tt.- Khang nhit lm vic:

Thng mi: -400

C n 850

CQun s : -55 0C n 125 0C- DC fan out > 50.

2.in p:CMOS c th hat ng t 3V n 5V. Tuy nhin vi in p nh hn 4,5V

thi gian tr s gia tng (vn tc lm vic s chm li), tng tr ra cng cao hnv ng thi tnh chng nhiu cng gim. Vi nhng in p ln hn 15V cngc nhng bt li.

- Cng sut tiu tn lc CMOS hat ng cng tng cao.

- Vi nhng xung nhiu t ngun vt qu in p nh thng (20V), to rahiu ng SCR-latch-up v lm hng IC nu dng khng c hn ch t bnngoi.

3.Thi gian tr: in p cng cao th CMOS hat ng cng nhanh. Thi gian tr gia tng vinhit v ti in dung. 4.Tnh min nhiu : CMOS chng nhiu rt tt, thng 4,5% in p cp t 2,25V vi in p5V v 4,5V cho in p 10V. Thi gian tr bin mt sau mt chui cc cngCMOS, sau mt chui cc cng TTL th c khuch i. V tnh cht c bit

ny CMOS c dng thit k trong cc mch in ca cc thit b cngnghip phi hat ng trong mt mi trng y nhiu v in t.Vi in p cp 5V CMOS vn hat ng bnh thng vi s mt n nh ca

in p cp hay in p nhiu n 1V.

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5. Giao tip vi TTL:Vi in p 5V CMOS giao tip thng vi TTL. Tng tr v ca CMOS rt

ln, TTL c th ti v s cng CMOS m khng lm mt fan out trng thi thp. 6. in dung ng ra-vo: in dung ng vo ca CMOS = 1,5pF n 5pF v in dung ng ra bng3pF n 7pF.

7.Nhng ch cn thit khi thit k mch vi IC CMOS: - Tt c cc chn ng vo khng dng nn ni vi t hay in p cp.

- Nhng tn hiu vo thay i mc logic qu chm s lm cho IC CMOS daong v IC b trigger nhiu ln. in p cp cho IC n p km v khng sch da n trng hp ny v in p ngng vo ca IC ph thuc vo in p cp.Vi cc xung ng b c thi gian ln chm IC CMOS cng thng hiu sai.

- C CMOS cng loi c c trng k thut khc nhau.- Dng ra ca CMOS loi B cho ton di nhit lm vic khong 0,36mA

thc mt cng LS-TTL.B. CU TO V CHC NNG CA IC:I. IC HEF 4017B:

Vi mch 4017B l vi mch loi CMOS nn mang cc c im ca h CMOS.Ngoi ra, s hat ng ca vi mch cn ph thuc vo cc tn hiu vo n.

Nu tn hiu vo c in p khng n nh hay xung ng h c thi gian lnchm s gy nn s ny ca vi mch, lm tn hiu ng ra khng n nh.

IC 4017B l vi mch c mi u ra, cc u ra ny tun t chuyn ln mccao [1] trong khi u ra khc mc thp [0] theo xung nhp CK, cu trc bntrong ca vi mch l b m vng Johnson t khi ng c.

S chn ca IC 4017B: I C 1

4 0 1 7

C L K1 4

E N A1 3

R S T1 5

Q 03

Q 12

Q 24

Q 37

Q 41 0

Q 51

Q 65

Q 76

Q 89

Q 91 1

C O1 2

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S bn trong:

Trong :CP0 : xung ng h vo(kch t mc thp ln mc cao).CP1 : xung ng h vo (kch t mc cao xung mc thp).

MR:Master reset.Q0 Q9: cc ng ra gii m.QN5-9 :ng ra nh (ch tc ng mc thp ).

Bng trng thi:

MR CP0 CPN1 OperatoinH X X Q0 = Q5 9 = H ; Q1 Q9 = LL H CountL L CountL L X No change

L X H No changeL H No changeL L No change

H : High stage (Mc cao).L: Low stage (Mc thp).X: Bt chp.

3 2 4 7 10 1 5 6 9 11Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9

14CP0

13CP1

5 Stage Johnson

counter

Mch ra & gii mMR15

Q 5-912

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Gin thi gian

II. IC HEF 4013:Vi mch 4013 cha 2 Flip-Flop D, n l mt vi mch a nng, chng c cc

chn t trc tip (S0), xa trc tip (CD). D liu c chp nhn Cp mc thpv c chuyn n ng ra khi c cnh dng ca xung ng h. Khi 2 chn CDv S0 cng mc cao bt chp d liu vo v xung ng h nh th no, c 2 ngra Q v QN u mc cao. IC HEF c 14 chn. S bn trong:

Q1 QN1 Q2 QN21 2 13 12

6 5 3 4 8 9 11 10SD1 D1 CP1 CD1 D2 CP2 CD2

SD2Trong :

D : D liu vo.Cp : Xung ng h vo.

SD : Chn t.CD : Chn xa.

F-F D F-F D

CPO 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10

CP1MRQ

0

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9QN

5-9

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Bng trng thi:

Ng vo Ng raSD CD CP D Q QNH L X X H LL H X X L H

H H X X H H

Ng vo Ng raSD CD CP D Qn+1 QNn+1L L L L HL L H H L

III. IC 4060:Vi mch 4060 l b m, chia v dao ng, c 14 tng, bn trong mch kt ni

ba b dao ng ( RS ,C TC , RTC ) , c 10 ng ra ( Q3 Q9, Q11 Q13). Mch daong c th thit lp bng mch dao ng RC hoc thch anh. Mch dao ng nythay th cho xung ng h ti ng vo RS. B m c reset khi chn 12(MR) mc cao. C 16 chn. S chn:

Thit lp mch dao ng:- Mch dao ng RC:

Cng thc tiu biu tnh tn s dao ng:

fosc= 1/ (2,3x RtxCt )Tn s dao ng c xc nh bi Rt ,Ct , vi Rt < R2 v R2R2 >100pF10k

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Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng thch anh:

Rl : in tr hn dng IV. IC 74192:

Vi mch 74192 l b m BCD lp trnh c, n c kh nng m ln hocm xung. Khi u vo ti (Load-11) c t mc thp (L) th s 4 bit bt k cc u vo D, C, B, A s c ti v b m. B m c xa v mc thpkhi u vo Clear (chn 11) c t mc cao. Cc u ra mn (Borrow-chn13) v nh (Carry-chn 12) khi chuyn xung mc thp s ch trn xung di(under-flow) hoc trn ln trn (Over-flow). Vi mch ny c kh nng m theos t trc.

Vi mch hat ng m ln khi chn Count down (chn 4) mc cao, xungng h a vo chn Count up (chn 5), mch m ln l m t s t trcn s ln nht 1001, chn ti load c ti vo chn carry v chn clear c

ni vi mass.Vi mch hat ng m xung khi chn Count up (5) mc cao, xung ngh a vo chn Count down (4); mch m xung l m t s t trc n sthp nht 0000, chn ti c ti vo chn borrow(13). IC c 16 chn.

M R

R 22 . 2 K

R o d

1 0 0 K

X 1

C 13 7 P F

C 21 0 0 p F

1

2

3

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S chn:

S khi bn trong:

15 14 13 12 11 10 9

5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Count up : m ln.Count down : m xung.Caarry :Chn nh.

Borrow :Chn mn.Clear : Chn xa.P0 P3: Chn t.QA,QB,QC,QD:Cc ng ra.

V. IC 4002B:Vi mch 4002B c cha 2 cng NOR, mi cng c 4 ng vo v mt ng ra.

C 14 chn, v nha kiu cm thng hng.S chn v s bn trong:

Bng trng thi: Ng vo Ng ra

D C B A Y

00 00 00 01 10

P0 CL Borrow Carry

Load P2P1P3

V D DP 0 C LB o r r o wC a r r yL o a dP 2 P 3

P 1 Q ! Q 0 C d C u Q 2 Q 3 G N

1 6 9

81 4

1 3

I C 7 4 1 9 2

V D D

1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

G N

1 4

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

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0000

0011111111

0011

1100001111

1100

1100110011

0101

0101010101

0000

0000000000

T bng trng thi ta thy ng ra ln mc cao [1] khi tt c cc ng vo u mc thp [0]. IC iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngai:

ICSZ 9418, SZ9149, SZ9150 l nhng IC thu pht trong h thng iu khint xa bng tia hng ngoi. Trong SZ9148 l mch in IC pht x iu khinc m ha kiu ma trn. N v mch in IC SZ9149 phi hp vi nhau c thhon thnh b iu khin xa c 10 chc nng; phi hp v mch in IC SZ 9150c th hon thnh b iu khin xa c 18 chc nng, c hn 75 lnh c th pht

xa, trong 63 lnh l lnh lin tc, c th c nhiu t hp phm; 12 lnh khnglin tc, ch c th s dng phm n. T hp nh vy c th dng cho nhiu loiiu khin xa cho cc thit b in. VI. MCH IN IC PHT Z9148:

Mch in IC SZ9148 s dng cng ngh CMOS qui m ln ch to l mtloi linh kin pht xa m ha tia hng ngoi rt thng dng, phm vi in pngun in l 2,2V~5,5V. V s dng cng ngh CMOS ch to nn cng suttiu hao cc thp, dng in trng thi tnh ch 10 A, n c th s dng nhiu thp phm, linh kin bn ngoi rt t, m s ca n thch hp vi nhiu qui mkhc, ch cn ni ngoi linh kin LC hoc b dao ng gm l c th gy ra dao

ng. S chn:V D D T x o u t T t e s tC o d eT 3 T 2 T 1 K 6

G N DX T X TK 1 K 2K 3 K 4 K 5

1 6 9

81 4

1 3

S Z 9 1 4 8

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1.Chc nng ca cc chn dn: IC SZ9148 s dng 16 chn v nha kiu cm thng hng.

Chn 1: GND l u m ca dng in ni vi t.Chn 2: XT l u vo ca b phn dao ng bn trong.Chn 3: XTN l u ra ca b phn dao ng bn trong, bn trong n

khng c in tr phn hi. S khi bn trong:

Chn 4 n chn 9: (k1-k6) l an u vo tn hiu ca bn phm kiu ma trn.Chn 10 n chn 12: T1T3 kt hp vi cc chn k1 n k6 c th to thnh 18

phm.Chn 13: (code) l u vo ca m s, dng m s truyn ti v tip nhn.Chn 14: (TCST) l u o th, bnh thng khi s dng c th b trng

Chn 15:(Txout ) l u ra tn hiu truyn ti tn hiu 12 bit thnh mt chu k, sdng sng mang 38kHz iu ch.Chn 16: (V00) l u dng ca ngun in ni vi in p mt chiu 2,2-5,5

V, in p lm vic bnh thng 3V.Bn trong IC 9148 do b phn dao ng, b phn tn, b gii m, mch in

u vo ca bn phm, b phn pht m sto thnh. S khi logic bn trongca n c trnh by nh hnh 2.

Mch inng Bu ra

Duy tr / PhtSinh Tn Hiu

Khng Lin Tc

B Gii M

Daong

PhnTn

MchinPhmVo

Pht Sinh TnHiu Ching

Pht Sinh TnHiu Bit

10 11 12 13 T1 T2 T3 CODE

TX2

TNX 3

K1.4

K2.5

K3.6K4.7

K5.8

K6.9

15 Txout

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Tham s ch yu ca SZ9148:Bng 1 :

Mc Lc

K

hiu

iu

kin oth

Nh

nht

in

hnh

Ln

nht

n

v

in p ngun in VDDtt cchcnng

thao tc

2.2 _ 5.0 V

Dng in lm vicIDD phm

thngkhng

ph ti

_ _ 1.0 mA

Dng in trng thi bo haIDS phm

m

khngdao

ng

_ _ 10 A

uvo

k14k5

code

inp

uvo

mc incao

VIH _ 2.0 _ 3.0 V

mc inthp

VIL _ 0 _ 0.5 V

k24k6

dnginuvo

mc incao

IIH VIH = 3V 20 30 60 A

mc inthp

IIL VIL =0V

-1.0 _ 1.0 A

Code

Test

dnginuvo

mc incao IIH VIH =3V -1.0 _ 1.0 A

mc inthp

IIL VIL =0V

20 30 60 A

ura k14

k3

dnginura

mc incao

IOH VOH =2V

_ _ -500 A

mc inthp

IOL VOL =3V

-50 _ _ A

TXOUT

dnginura

mc incao

IOH VOH = 2V _ _ -0.1 mA

mc inthp

IOL VOL = 2V 1.0 _ _ mA

in tr phn hi b dao ng R _ _ 500 _ KCng sut dao ng f osc - 400 455 600 KHZ

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Tham s cc hn ca IC SZ9148:Bng 2:

Tham s K hiu Gi tr cc hn n vin p ngun in

u vo/ra in pCng sut tn haoNhit lm vicNhit ct giDng in u ra (Iout)

V00

VINPDTOPPTSfgIOUT

6.0

VSS3v ~ VDD+3V200-200~75-55 ~125

-5

V

VMW0C0C

mA

2. Nguyn l hot ng :Trong IC SZ9148 c cha b o pha CMOS l in tr nh thin cng ni

b dao ng bng thch anh hoc mch in dao ng cng hng. Khi tn sca b phn dao ng thit k xc nh l 455kHz, th tn s pht x sng mang

l 38 kHz. Ch khi c thao tc nhn phm mi c th to ra dao ng, v th mbo cng sut ca n tiu hao thp. N c th thng qua cc chn k1 n k6 v ura th t thi gian chn T1 n T3 to ra bn phm 6x3 theo kiu ma trn. Ti t1su phm c sp xp c th ty chn to thnh 63 trng thi tn hiu lin tca ra c trnh by hnh 3:

Hnh 3

Hai hng phm T2 v T3 ch c th s dng phm n, hn na, mi khin vo phm mt ln ch c th pht x mt nhm mch xung iu khin xa. Nunh cc phm cng hng ng thi c n xung th th t u tin ca n l K1> K2 > K3> K4 > K4> K5>K6 . Khng c nhiu phm chc nng trn cng mtng K, nu nh ng thi nhn phm th th t u tin ca n l T1 >T2>T3.

Lnh pht ra ca n do m 12 bit to thnh, trong C1~C3 (code) l m sngi dng, c th dng xc nh cc m thc khc nhau, t hp C 1, C2 phihp vi mch in IC thu SZ9150; t hp C2, C3 phi hp vi mch in IC thuSZ9149. Mi loi t hp c 3 trng thi l 01, 10, 11 m khng dng trng thi00. Lnh pht ra 12 bit nh bng 3

C1 C2 C3 H S1 S2 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5

(H) (S1) (S2)

K1K2

K3K4K5K6

T1 T2T3

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D6M ngi dng M lin tc/khng lin

tcM phm u vo

Cc bit m C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni hay khng ni cc chnT1,T2, T3 vi chn code bng cc diode. Nu ni qua diode th cc C tng ng tr

thnh [1] v [0] khi khng c ni. H, S1, S2 l i din cho m s pht x lintc hoc m s pht x khng lin tc. N i ng vi cc phm T1, T2, T3. D1 nD6 l m s ca s liu pht ra. Phm ca n v s i ng m quan h vi nhaunh bng 4 s

Bng 4 :

Dng xung pht x ra:Khi t l chim trng ca mch xung dng hnh sng do mch in SZ9148

pht ra l i din l [0] khi t l chim trng ca mch xung dng l 4/3, idin cho [1]}. Bt lun l [0] hay [1] khi chng c pht ra mch xung dngc iu ch trn sng mang 38kHz, t l chim trng ca sng mang l 1/3, nhvy c li cho vic gim cng sut tiu hao.

c minh ha bi hnh 4:

Phm

S liu u ra

S H S1

S2

D1 D2

D3

D4 D5 D6 Hnhthc

1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Lin tc

2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Lin tc

3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Lin tc

4 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Lin tc

5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Lin tc

6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Lin tc

7 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Khng lin tc

8 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Khng lin tc

9 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Khng lin tc

10 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Khng lin tc

11 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Khng lin tc

12 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Khng lin tc13 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Khng lin tc

14 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Khng lin tc

15 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Khng lin tc

16 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Khng lin tc

17 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Khng lin tc

18 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Khng lin tc

1a

3a

3a Bit0

Bit 1

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Hnh 4Vic pht ra ca mi mt chu k theo th t ni tip C1, C2, C3,H, S1, S2, D1,

D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 c tng chiu di c o 48a, trong a= chu k mt m.Phng php tnh ca a l: a = (1/fosc) 192s. Khi n phm khng lin tc, u ra mch pht ra 2 chu k, khi n phm lin tc, u ra m s pht ra lin tc, gia 2

nhm dng li 280s nh hnh 5a, 5b, 5c trnh by.

Hnh 5

VII. MCH IC THU SZ9149 V SZ9150:Hai IC ny cng c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS, chng i cp vi IC

pht SZ9148 to thnh mt b IC thu-pht trong iu khin xa bng tia hngngoi. S chn:

H P 1

S P 1

H P 5H P 2R x i n

C o d e 2

4

1 3

H P 4

S Z 9 1 4 9

1

H P 3G N D

C o d e 1 S P 2V D D S P 4

8

S P 5

O S C

1 6

S P 3

9

1 0

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S P 3S P 2

G N D H P 5H P 3

S P 4C o d e 1

H P 2H P 1

2 4

8

V D D

H P 6

S Z 9 1 5 0

H P 4R x i n

S P 1O S C C o d e 2

1

2 1 1 7

4

S P 5S P 6S P 7S P 8

C P 2C P 1S P 1 0S P

1 2

1 3

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S khi bn trong IC thu SZ9150:

24 1

23

2

2221

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

HP1 HP2 HP3 HP4 HP5 HP6 CP2 CP1 SP10 SPSP9 S8 SP7 SP6 SP5 SP4 SP3 SP2 SP1

1.Chc nng cc chn:IC SZ9149 c 16 chn, IC SZ9150 c 24 chn. C hai u c v nha kiu cm

thng hai hng, hnh dng bn ngoi ca n v chn dn c sp xp nh hnh 6.- Chn 1: (GND) l u m ca dng in ni t.- Chn 2: (Rxin) l on u vo ca tn hiu thu; tn hiu sau khi c lc b sngmang.- Chn 3 n 8 :HP1 ~HP6 (HP1~HP5) l u ra tn hiu lin tc.

- Chn 9, 10: (CP1, CP2) l u ra tn hiu chu k, tn hiu thu ca u vo tngng mt ln, u ra ca n s lt mt ln.- Chn 11 n 20: SP10 ~SP1 (SP1~SP5) l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc, tn hiutip nhn ca u vo tng ng mt ln, mc in cao ca u ra duy tr khong107ms.- Chn 21, 22: (code 2, code 1) l u so snh m truyn t tng i chnh xc,m s thu c v m s nh trc ca mch in ny phi hon ton ging nhaumi c th thu c.- Chn 23: (OSC) l u vo dao ng. in tr ghp song song n t v tin ca u ny gy ra dao ng.

- Chn 24: (VDD) l u dng ca dng in, thng mc in p khong4,5V~5,5V. Mch in bn trong ca IC thu do b phn dao ng, b m s

B NhDchHng u Vo

Dao ng Bm S Lng

Kim Tra SLiu

B NhDch Hng

Ghi Mch Xungu Vo

Mch in Kha

Kim TraM

o KimTra Sai S

Mch Hm Xungu Vo

FF FF

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cng, b nh dch hng u vo, b phn kim tra s liu, b phn kim tra m,mch m mch xung u vo, mch in kha c nh, mch in kim tra saist, b phn m u vo to thnh. S khi logic ca mch in bn trongnh hnh7.Tham s cc hn ca IC thu:Bng 6

Tham s K hiu Gi tr cc hn n vin p ngun in VDD 6 V

in p vo/ra VIN/VOUT VSS0.3 VDD +0.3

V

Cng sut tn hao PD 200 mWNhit lm vic T OPR -20 75 CNhit ct gi T STG -55 125 C

Tham s ch yu ca IC thu:

Bng 5:Tham s K

hiuiu kin o th Nh

nhtinhnh

Lnnht

nv

in p ngun VDD Ta = -20 75 C 4.5 - 5.5 VDng in lm

vicIDD u ra khng ph

ti- - 1.0 MA

Tn s dao ng FOSC Ta = -20 -75 C,VDD4.5 5

.5

27 - 57 KHz

Tn s s dngchun SOSC - - 38 - KHZ

Bin p ca tn stheo in p

Vfosc

VDD4.5 5.5 -5 - 5 %

Bin p ca tn stheo nhit

Tfosc

Ta = -30 75 C -5 - 5 %

Dngin

u ra

Mc incao

IOH o tt c ura,Voh=4v

- - -1.0 MA

Mc inthp

IOL o tt c ura,Vol=4v

1.0 - - MA

Dnginuvo

Mc incao IIH uCode,VIH=5V

-1.0 - 1.0 A

in tr ko trn RUP u code 10 20 40 Kin p ngngca mch in

u vo

VIN u RXIN 2.0 2.5 3.0 V

rng ca di Vhys RXIN - 0.8 - V

2. Nguyn l hot ng:

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u vo ca tn hiu tip nhn ca mch IC ny do u vo linh kin quangin m nhn, sau khi qua khuch i, tch sng loi tr sng mang 38kHz,sau a vo u vo mch in IC, u tin tin hnh chnh hnh i vi tnhiu u vo, sau li lm cc x l khc. S khi v nguyn l hot ngmch in u vo ca n nh hnh 8.

Hnh 8Thi gian o kim tra tn hiu tip nhn ca mch in ny v ng h bo

gi hat ng bn trong u do mch in dao ng m nhn, lc dng ch cnlinh kin RC mc song song n t ti u dao ng OSC ca mch in SZ9149v SZ9150 l c, nh hnh 9 trnh by.

Hnh 9

Hnh 10

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T nguyn l ca SZ9148 c th bit, mi nhm s liu ca tn hiu pht ral 12 bit, mi ln pht ra 2 nhm s, khi kim tra tn hiu nhn c, u tin emtn hiu thu ca nhm 1 gi vo trong b nh dch hng 12 bit, sau tin hnhso snh tng s ca s liu nhm 2 v nhm 1 nhn c, nu nh ging nhau thu ra i ng pha s t mc in thp s tng ln mc in cao; nu nh khcnhau th gy ra tn hiu sai st lp tc lm cho h thng tr v trng thi ban u.S liu nhn c ca n so snh nh trong hnh 10 trn.

Do trong tn hiu pht ra ca IC pht c C1, C2 v C3 cung cp tn hiu ms vit cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tngng, my khc nhau c m khc nhau cho c s khc bit

IC SZ9148 phi hp vi m ngi dng ca SZ9149 v SZ9150 ln lt c 3la chn nh bng 7 di y.

Bng 7:

SZ9148 phi hp vi SZ9149 SZ9148 phi hp vi SZ9150C1 C2 C3 C1 C2 C3111

011

101

011

101

111

u C(code) ni vi t in cho n t l [1]; trc tip ni t l [0].

Trong C1 ca SZ9150 c t [1], 2 s khc khng th t m l [00]. Khim ngi dng pht hay thu ph hp th bn trong mch in s gy ra mch xungkha, kha s liu u vo v lm cho u ra tng t mc in thp ln mcin cao. Nu m ngi dng khng ph hp, th gy mch xung khng kha, u

vo dng li mc in thp.Khi m my u vo m ngi dng th nht thit phi a ra mch xung

dng, lm cho h thng tr v ban u. to ra tn hiu ban u ny, nhtnh u C t mc [0] ni vi t in (0,001 ~0,022 F), nh vy th c th

bo m trong khong khc bt my, u C ng thi l mc in thp, lm chobn trong mch in to ra mch xung tr v ban u, sau u C ca n dngli mc in kha.

Nh trc trnh by, u C1, C2 ng thi t [0] l khng c t nhthai u ny phi ni vi mt t in nh hnh 11 sau:

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Hnh 11Sau khi SZ9149, SZ9150 tin hnh kim tra chnh xc mch xung thu 12

bit, th u ra tng ng to thnh mt mch xung dng rng khang 107ms, lmch xung n, nh hnh 12 sau:

Hnh 12Sau khi thu tn hiu lin tc, ng thi vi vic to ra mch xung kha th

1, u vo tng ng to ra mc in cao, cho n khi mch xung kha sau cngkt thc 160ms th li tr li mc in thp. Khi thao tc nhiu phm cc u HPtng ng c th song song ng thi a ra cc xung lin tc, l u ra mchxung lin tc, minh ha nh hnh 13:

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Hnh 13Nu nh mi khi nhn c tn hiu pht khng lin tc, mc in u CP

tng ng chuyn i mt ln, lai mch xung chu k ny(hai trng thi n nh)thng dng trong ngun chuyn mch dng cho iu khin thit b in, mchin lm cm tp m Dng sng hat ng ca n nh hnh 14:

Hnh 14

Phm ca b phn pht xa v m s phm gia u ra ca SZ9150 quanh vi nhau nh bng 8 sau:

Sphm

S liu Chc nng u raH S1 S2 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6

1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Tn hiu lintc

HP1

2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Tn hiu lintc

HP2

3 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Tn hiu lintc

HP3

4 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Tn hiu lin

tc

HP4

5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Tn hiu lintc

HP5

6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tn hiu lintc

HP6

7 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Tn hiukhng lin

tc

SP1

8 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Tn hiukhng lin

tc

SP2

9 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Tn hiukhng lin SP3

160ms

12bit 12bit12bit 12bitPhm n

Tn hiu lint c

Thng

kha

u ra duy

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tc10 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Tn hiu

khng lintc

SP4

11 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Tn hiu

khng lintc

SP5

12 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tn hiukhng lin

tc

SP6

13 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Tn hiukhng lin

tc

SP7

14 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Tn hiukhng lin

tc

SP8

15 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Tn hiu

khng lintc

SP9

16 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Tn hiukhng lin

tc

SP10

17 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Tn hiu chuk

CP1

18 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Tn hiu chuk

CP2

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C. THIT K MCH:I. S KHI MCH THU- PHT DNG TIA HNG NGOI:

Nguyn l chung:Mt Remote controller gm 2 khi: khi pht v khi thu. Khi thu da theo

mi nt nhn chc nng s to ra mt tn hiu iu khin v pht i bi LED hngngoi. Cc tn hiu ny c phn bit vi nhau bi s xung c pht i.A. S KHI MCH PHT:

Gii thch s : Bn phm:

c t chc di dng ma trn phm, mi phm thc hin mt chc nng

ring. Bt k phm no trn bn phm c nhn u thc hin 2 nhim v: thnht l to xung kch, kch khi to xung n n hat ng; th hai l to ra mtng ng l nhng bit nh phn da vo khi gii hn rng xung. Khi to xung n n:

Khi nhn c xung kch thch mch n n to ra mt xung dng c thihng l T. rng T ty thuc vo tr s c th ca linh kin trong mch.

Nhim v chnh ca khi n n trong mch l to ra mt rng xungdng T duy nht.

Khi dao ng chun:Khi ny lun dao ng to ra mt chui xung c chu k l hng s. Cng

AND1 gm hai ng vo, mt ng nhn chui xung ca khi dao ng chun an, ng cn li l rng xung T. Nh vy ng ra ca cng AND1 ch cho quamt s chu k xung nht nh khi mch n n hot ng.

Khi gii hn rng xung:

TIMER

Dao ng Chun

BnPhm

Gii Hn Rng Xung

Khi ToXung n n

Khi Dao ngTo Sng Mang

KhiPhtKhi Dao

Chun

AND1

AND2

AND3

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Thc cht y l mch m t trc, ch tiu l nhng bit nh phn ty theotng phm c th c n vo, m nhng d liu tng ng s c np vo mchm, thc hin m t trng thi , ta c th s dng mch m ln hoc mxung. ng ra ca mch m l nhng rng xung tng ng vi phm nc n vo.

Trn bn phm c bao nhiu phm n th mch m cho ra by nhiu rngxung.

Hai ng vo cng AND2, mt ng nhn rng xung khc nhau do khi giihn rng xung a ti, ng cn li l s chu k n nh(hng s), ty theo rng xung m cng AND2 cho php xung i qua.

Tnh chnh xc ca mch ph thuc vo khi gii hn rng xung, ch cn sailch rng xung l sai lch i tng. Khi dao ng to sng mang:

V tn hiu iu khin c tn s thp. Khng mnh bc x ra khong

khng gian cn thit n mch thu, do vy phi iu ch n vi sng mang c tns cao nng lng pht i. Khi dao ng to sng mang thng c thitk dao ng vi tn s vi chc kHz tr ln. u pht:

Tn hiu ca ng ra ca cng AND3 c dng nh nn khng kh nng thcLED hng ngoi. Do , phi qua mt b khuch i dng v p thch hp thcLED pht tn hiu hng ngoi.

B. S KHI MCH THU:

u thu:Dng photodiode nhn dng hng ngoi, sau i tn hiu hng ngoi

thnh tn hiu in. ng thi vi vic i tn hiu hng ngoi, tn hiu iu khincng c tch ra khi tn hiu sng mang, a n v ng dng ca xung iukhin . Mch n n:

Mch ny ch hat ng khi c tn hiu thu t mch pht. Tn hiu thu c dngxung vung, nn cn c mch lc to ra gai nhn kch cho n hat ng. Ng raca khi ny c dng xung vung, xung ny iu khin mch m v mch cht. Mch nhn dng tn hiu:

u Thu Nhn Dng TnHiu iu Khin

n n Mch Cht

Nhn Thc ChcNng RafdioBottom

Gii M ChnChc Nng

Nhn ChcNng ON/OFF

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Thc cht y l mch m, thc hin m s xung do u thu a n. Sxung m mch m nhn c chnh l tn hiu iu khin c pht i. Mch cht:

D liu a vo mch cht l d liu t ng ra ca mch m. Sau khi cht dliu s rt n nh khng chp chn do gip gii m c chnh xc. Khi gii m chn chc nng :

Nhim v chnh l nhn tn hiu n nh sau khi cht, t gii m chn chcnng. a ch cng thay i khi mch pht c phm n, v do tng chc nngcng thay i theo. Cc ng chc nng ca khi ny gm 16 ng ra chac s l phn chc nng. Phn chc nng ON/OFF:

Ty theo yu cu s dng m ta phn thnh chc nng trn. Chc nngON/OFF iu khin cc i tng c lp. Chc nng radio bottom iu khincc trng thi ph thuc ca cng mt i tng hoc cc thit b lm vic lun

phin nhau.II. THIT K MCH PHT IU KHIN XA BNG TIA HNG NGOI: IC s dng trong mch iu khin c nhiu loi, nhng phn ny em chncp IC chuyn dng SZ9148 v SZ9150 thi cng mch bi nhng u im cachng.

ng dng cp IC SZ9148/SZ9150 thi cng mch thu-pht hng ngoi iukhin t xa 6 phm nhn v cc thng s sau:

- in p ngun my pht 4V n 5V, in p ngun my thu l 5V n12V.

- Khong cch pht trong phm vi t 10m n 12m .- Cc chc nng iu khin ng m ngun ON/OFF.

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1. Thit k mch pht:IC SZ9148 c kh nng to ra t hp 18 phm t ma trn 6x3. Trong c 6

phm lin tc (phm 1 n phm 6) v 12 phm khng lin tc (phm 7 n phm18). c m t nh sau: Ma trn phm

Trong H, S1, S2 (tng ng vi T1, T2,T3) l i din cho m s pht x lintc(H) hoc khng lin tc (S1, S2).

Theo yu cu ca th iu khin qut ny bao gm cc phm chc nng sau: iu khin ng ngt mch qut. iu khin tc (c 3 cp). iu khin cho qut quay qua li. iu khin hn gi.

Bi vy ta ch s dng 6 phm nhn khng lin tc t phm 7 n phm 12.Phm 7: dng iu khin ng ngt mch.Phm 8: dng iu khin tc thp (1) ca qut .Phm 9: dng iu khin tc trung bnh (2) ca qut.Phm 10: dng iu khin tc cao (3) ca qut.Phm 11: dng iu khin qut quay qua li.Phm 12: dng hn gi. M ngi dng C1, C2, C3:

Trong tn hiu pht ra ca mch pht c C1, C2, C3 cung cp tn hiu m svit cho ngi dng, v vy u tip nhn cn phi c tn hiu m s tng ng,my khc nhau c m s khc nhau cho c s khc bit.

Cc bit m C1, C2, C3 c thc hin bng vic ni cc chn T1, T2, T3 tngng qua chn code (13) bi cc diode hay khng ni. Nu ni qua diode th bit Ctng ng ln mc [1], khng ni th bit C tng ng mc [0].

Theo yu cu ti s dng 6 chc nng nn em chn IC phi hp IC phtSZ9148 l IC thu SZ9150 v bit m ngi dng l:

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C1 C2 C3 1 1 1

Vy mch thu SZ9150 hai chn code C1, C2 ta ln lt ni vi 2 t xungmass.

Tng ng vi IC SZ9148 kt ni T1 vi code thng qua D1 to ra C1 mc [1].

T2 vi code thng qua D2 to C2 mc [1] v T3 vi code thng qua D3 to C3 mc [1].

Nhng trong mch thi cng n gin bt v ph hp vi iu kin ca bnthn, em ch thi cng mch s dng 4 phm chc nng. Do , em chn IC phihp vi IC SZ9148 l IC SZ9149, v chn m ngi dng l:

C1 C2 C3 1 1 0

Vy C2 (13) ca IC SZ9149 ni vi t to ra mc [1], chn C3 (14) ca IC

SZ9149 ni trc tip xung mass to ra mc [0].Tng ng bn IC pht SZ9148:- T1 ni vi code qua diode D1 to ra C1=[1].- T2 ni vi code qua diode D2 to ra C2=[1].- T3 khng ni nn C3=[0].

B dao ng to tn s sng mang:Do cu to bn trong ca IC pht SZ 9148 c sn mt cng o dng

phi hp vi cc linh kin bn ngoi bng thch anh hoc mch LC to thnhmch dao ng. S ca mch nh sau:

n gin cho vic thit k v tng chnh xc ca tn s, nn chnthch anh lm mch dao ng.

Chn tn s dao ng:Tn s sng mang m truyn l tn s thu c do vi mch pht m ha saukhi tin hnh chia tn 12 i vi tn s dao ng ca b cng hng bng thchanh c u bn ngoi, cho nn mc n nh v thp ca tn s ny phthuc vo cht lng v qui cch ca mch thch anh.

Tn s dao ng ca mch s dng trong b pht x iu khin t xa thngly t 400kHz n 500 kHz. Do , tn s sng mang tng ng thng c ccloi nh: 32kHz, 35kHz, 38kHz v 40kz. Ch lnh m ha thng dng phngthc pht i bng tn s sng mang; mt mt l nng cao cng sut tr s nh

pht x tn hiu, mt khc l ng dng mch chn tn s ca u thu hng ngoi

lm cho sng tp nhiu lt vo tn trc ca b khuch i theo con ng quangin c chn b tn s c ch, tng thm sc chng nhiu ca my thu.

Y ?

C R Y S T A L

R 2

1 2

C 1C 2

R 2

1 2

CC 2L 1C t

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B khuch i: cng bc x nh sng ra mi trng cng mnh th dng qua led pht

phi ln. Do , tn hiu sau khi c x l s cho qua b khuch i, khuchi tn hiu ln nh ta mong mun.

B khuch i c th dng nhiu loi, loi dng IC Op-amp, loi dngtransistor. Khi s dng transistor c th dng 1 transistor hay nhiu transistor. n gin trong khi rp mch v gim chi ph nn chn mch khuch i gidarlington. C s nh sau:

ILED = 1. 2.IBV em chn Transistor T1 l 2SC1815 ;T2 l 2SA 1015

I b

V C C

QQ 1

L E

R

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S NGUYN L MCH PHT

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Nguyn l hat ng ca mch:T nguyn l ca IC SZ9148 c th bit mi ln mch pht ra 2 nhm s liu,

mi nhm s liu ca tn hiu pht ra l 12 bit, trong c 3 bit m ngi dng(C1, C2, C3), 6 bit m phm vo (D1 n D6) v 3 bit m lin tc hay khng lin tc(H, S1, S2). Khi ta nhn bt k mt trong cc phm c th t t 7 n 12 th ti

phm ln mc cao [1], cc phm cn li vn mc thp. Chng hn nh nhnphm s 9 th chn 6 (K3) ln mc cao v lc ny mch in bn phm np vo l001000 hay m s ca s liu pht ra D 1 ~ D6 l 001000 tng ng nh kt ni s nguyn l cc phm kt ni vi T 2 (ng vi S1) cng ln mc cao, y l cc

phm khng lin tc cn T1 v T3 9ng vi H v S2) vn mc thp, vy m phtsinh tn hiu lin tc v khng lin tc by gi l 010, hn na nh s mchkt ni T1 ni qua chn code qua diode D1, T2 ni qua chn code qua diode D2, T3ni qua chn code qua diode D3. Do , to ra m ngi dng C1, C2, C3 tngng l 110. V 3 m: m ngi dng, m lin tc / m khng lin tc v m s

liu c kt hp vi nhau qua cng OR a n mch ng b tn hiu ra kthp vi sng mang a ra chn (15) Txout n b khuch i darlington dng 2transistor NPN v PNP qua diode pht bc x ra m trng. Nh vy nhm lnh

pht tng ng khi nhn phm 9 l:1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Dng sng m t:

2. Thit k mch thu:

B LED thu: lm nhim v nhn tn hiu nh sng t b pht v bin thnhtn hiu in, a vo mch khuch i tch sng. B khuch i v tch sng: phc hi li tn hiu gc ln iu khincc thnh phn k tip ta s dng b khuch i n gin dng transistor ni Echung, tn hiu vo t cc B, tn hiu ra ly trn cc C. Tn hiu sau khi khuchi v lc trit tn s sng mang ta a vo chn Rin (2) ca IC SZ9150.

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Tng ng vi cc phm bn b pht, ta s dng 6 phm khng lin tc tht t 7 n 12, bn b thu cng s dng 6 ng ra khng lin tc t SP1 n SP6, tnhiu ng ra ln lt a ra cc mch cht, cht d liu li iu khin cho rle. Mch cht:

Bng trng thiNg vo Ng ra Ng vo Ng raS R Q

QN

S R LC

K

D Qn+1 QNn+1

H L H L L L L L HL H L H L L H H LH H H H L L

Nguyn l hat ng:Bnh thng cha c xung clock th Q=[0] suy ra QN=[1]. Do , d liu ch

sn chn D (data) l [1] hn na theo bng trng thi th ta ni S=[0], R=[1] thd nhin Q=[0].

Khi ta nhn bt k 1 phm bn phn pht s to ra chui xung tc ng nphn thu sau khi gii m, phc hi tn hiu tc ng n xung clock (chn 3), lc

ny mch cht hat ng, d liu (data) c np vo ng ra Q thay i trng thiln mc [1] th QN=[0] LED sng ch th mch cht hat ng, lc ny th dliu ch sn chn 5 khng cn mc [1] na m l mc [0] . Khi ta nhn tip

phm trn mt ln na th chn 3 nhn c xung tc ng , tng t d liu mc [0] c np vo cht Q thay i trng thi tr v mc [0] tng ng QN lnmc [1], lc ny, d liu ch sn li ln mc [1]. Nu ta tip tc nhn phm thqa trnh lp li tng t. B ng ngt dng transistor:

ng ngt cc mch in t, ngi ta dng cc kha m in t. Cckha ny c 2 trng thi phn bit, trng thi ng (cn gi l trng thi dn) khi

in tr gia 2 cc ca kha rt nh; v trng thi ngt (cn gi l trng thi tt)khi in tr ca kha rt ln, coi nh h mch. Vic chuyn i kha t trng thi

V C C

V C C

U ? A

4 0 1 3

D5

C L K3

Q1

Q2

S

6

R

4

L E

R

R ?

R E S I S T O R

IN OUT

VCC

C

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ny sang trng thi khc l do tc ng ca tn hiu iu khin ng vo, ng thiqu trnh chuyn trng thi c thc hin vi mt vn tc nht nh, gi l tc ng m ca kha.

lm kha in t ta c th dng transistor BJT hoc FET, ty theo inp phn cc m transitor c th lm vic trng thi tt hoc dn (s dng ch khuch i hay bo ha). Thng thng ngi ta s dng mch kha dngtransistor BJT mc EC (cc pht chung), bi v n i hi cng sut iu khinthp. S mch tiu biu:

Hnh a

Hnh b Hnh cVF: in p m.

Ics: dng Ic bo ha.VCES : in p bo ha.

Mun cho transistor T1 nm trng thi ngt th in p UBE ca chuyn

tip JE phi nh hn in p ngng VF.VBE< VFDo phi tha mn iu kin :

VI +ICBO x R < VF (IBCO :Dng r ) .Transistor T1 lm vic trng thi dn khi VI tc ng xung dng, lc

ny ty theo dng ng vo IB m transistor dn c th lm vic vng khuch ihoc vng bo ha.

Trong mch khuch i: chuyn tip JE phn cc thun, chuyn tip Jc phncc nghch. Dng IB c gi tr dng v tha mn cc h thc sau.

IC = IB + ICEO

IE = IB + IC

V i

V C C

R

R 1Q

VCC

VCE

VCC/Rc B

Vces

Ics

VBE

IB

V

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in p cc thu VO = VCE = VCC -ICRC. ( )

in p ng ra ph thuc vo tn hiu iu khin ng vo. Tuy nhin tng kh nng chng nhiu ca kha chn transistor lm vic vng bo ha (vd nh im B trn mn hnh b). Trong vng ny VI ln nn dng IB v dng ICcng ln.

T cng thc( ) do IC ln, suy ra:VO = VCE rt nh (in p bo ha)V CES = 0,1V n 0,2V

iu ny tng ng vi tnh trng c 2 chuyn tip JE v JC u phn ccthun.

Do VCES rt nh nn gi tr IC c xem nh VCC v RC quyt nh.IC ICS = (VCC VCES)/ RCIC = VCC/RC

Thit k mch thc t:

VCC =12vVI = 5vVI = IBRB +VBE suy ra: IB = (VI -VBE )/RB

iu kin transistor dn bo ha:IB ICmax / sat IC sat / sat v sat =20 25 VCC/RB (VCC -VCesat )/( sat Rreley) sat Rreley RB

Chn = 20Rreley =400 RB =3,3 K

THIT K MCH HN GI:Mc ch yu cu: mch hn gi thit k 4 cp hn gi. Cp th nht mch

hn 15 pht, cp th hai mch hn 30 pht, cp th ba hn 60 pht, cp th 4 hn

120 pht. Mch to xung c chu k 15 pht:

Xung c chu k 15 pht dng lm xung clock cung cp cho mch mc s t trc (IC 74192) hot ng.

Ta c: T=15 pht = 900 giySuy ra f = 1/T =1/900 = 0,00111 Hz

Do vy ta cn phi c mt mch dao ng ring, sau cho qua b chia c c tn s theo yu cu l : f=0,00111Hz.

Mch dao ng c th dng thch anh. B chia th c nhiu loi, c thdng IC 4020 , IC 4040 hay IC 4060 . . . y em chn IC 4060 bi bn trong

V i

V C C

R 1Q

T

R E L A

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cu trc ca n c sn mt cng NAND v mt cng NOT phi hp vi linhkin bn ngoi to thnh mch dao ng. Tnh ton mch dao ng: Mch dng RC:

Mch kt hp RC bn ngoi IC 4060

V c fosc = 1/ (2,3 Rt Ct ) (1)IC 4060 c kh nng chia vi s chia nh nht l 2 4=16, v s chia ln nht214= 16384.

Tn s yu cu: Fosc /213 = 0,00111 ( HZ ) fosc = 0.00111 213 = 9,1 (HZ )

T cng thc (1) ta c:1 /(2,3 Rt Ct ) = 9,1 (HZ)

Rt Ct = 1 /(9,1 2,3) = 0,0477Chn Ct = 104PF = 100 10-9F

Rt =0,0477/100 10-9=477 103 .

Vy gi tr tnh ton c xc nh l:Ct = 100 nFRt = 470K .

iu chnh cho mch c c chu k T chnh xc, ta dng bin tr 500k .

Chn gi tr t C2 v in tr R2 : khi chn hai gi tr ny phi tha mn cciu kin sau: R2 >> Rt

C2 < CtRt Ct > R2C2

Do ta chn C2 = 33pF ; R2 = 1000k Mch dng thch anh

M R4 0 6 0

R 2 R tC 2 C t

1

2

3 1 2

4 0 6 0

M R4 0 6 0

M R

C t

1

2

3

C 2

R t

1 2

R 2

1

2

3 1 2

R 2

Y ?

C R Y S T A L

C R Y S T A L

C

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Mch kt hp thch anh bn ngoi IC 4060.Nh tnh ton phn mch RC:

Fosc1 = 9,1 HZNu dng thch anh dao ng 9,1 Hz th rt kh tm trn th trng, nn

dng thm mt IC 4060 na c c tn s ln hn.fosc1 = fosc2 / 212 =9,1 (HZ) .

fosc2 9,1= 9,1 212 = 37 (KHZ)Vy ta chn thch anh 37 KHZ v t iu chnh l 24 pF. Mch to ra s t trc:

Trong mch hn gi ta c s dng IC m t trc s m 74192. tora s t trc (tng ng vi cc cp hn gi), s dng IC m 4017B, davo tnh cht dch dn ln ca cc ng ra khi c xung clock tc ng vo.

Ngyn tc hat ng ca mch:Khi ta n nt iu khin hn gi t b pht, th ng ra tng ng(chn SP5)

b thu a ra mt xung, xung ny lm xung clock tc ng ln chn CP 0 (14-

clock) ca IC 4017B; lc ny IC 4017 hat ng, ng ra Q 1 ca n ln mc cao(Q0 ca n t mc cao xung mc thp). Nh vy s 0001 (Q4Q3Q2Q1) c an lm s t trc cho IC m t trc 74192 (P3P2P1P0), v tng ng chocp hn gi 15 pht.

Tip tc nu ta nhn nt iu khin hn gi ln th hai th Q2 ca IC 4017Bt mc thp ln mc cao, ngha l ta c s t trc 0010 tng ng vi cp hngi 30 pht. Tng t nu n nt iu khin hn gi ln th ba v bn th ta c st trc l 0100 v 1000 tng ng vi cc cp hn gi 60 pht v 120 pht.

Khi ta nhn nt ln th 5 th Q5 ca IC 4017B t mc thp ln mc cao, tcng vo chn MR(5) lm mch m 4017B tr li trng thi ban u, ng Q1 ln

mc cao [1]. Ng ny a qua cng o, mt nhnh qua LED hin th timer,mt nhnh a n cng AND khng ch phn sau

Lc cha s dng timer ng ra Q0 lun mc cao, qua cng o li xungmc thp, led hin th timer tt. Khi s dng timer ng ra Q0 mc thp, qua cngo li ln mc cao, LED hin th timer sng ln bo cho ngi s dng bit lqut hat ng ch hn gi.

Nhn nt iu khin hn gi ln sau th qa trnh lp li nh c. Mch m c s hn trc:

S mch:

P0P1P2P3

Den cong NAND4017

CLK14

ENA13

RST15

Q03

Q12

Q24

Q37

Q410

Q51

Q65

Q76

Q89

Q911

CO

12

1 2

V C C

4 0 1 7

C L K1 4

E N A1 3

R S T1 5

Q 03

Q 12

Q 24

Q 37

Q 41 0

Q 51

Q 65

Q 76

Q 89

Q 91 1

C O

1 2

7 4 1 9 2

A1 5

B1

C1 0

D9

U P5

D N4

L O A D1 1

C L R1 4

Q A3

Q B2

Q C6

Q D7

C O1 2

B O1 3

7 4 0 8

1

2

3 Q

K 1

R E L A

4 0 0 2

2

3

4

5

1

7 4 0 4

1 2

R 1

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Nguyn l hot ng:Tn hiu xung c to ra t b chia IC 4060 chu k T = 15 pht a n

lm xung clock tc ng cho IC m t trc s m 74192. Nh vy c sau 15pht xung ny tc ng IC m 74192 mt ln.

V ta thit k cho mch m xung nn xung ny a vo chn CPD(4), cn

chn CPU(5) th treo ln mc cao .Khi nhn nt hn gi b pht, th ng ratng ng b thu xut hin mt xung tc ng ln