70770 bioethanol technologies in africa presentation b.batidzirai

8/12/2019 70770 Bioethanol Technologies in Africa Presentation B.batidzirai

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Bioethanol Technologies in Africa

Bothwell Batidzirai

UNIDO/AU/Brazil First High-

Level Biofuels Seminar in

Africa (30 July1 August 2007)

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia


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Contents

Overview

Drivers of bioethanol fuel

African experiences Lessons learnt

Barrier analysis

Action plan

Conclusions


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Key Drivers of Bioethanol

Energy security

Reduction of oil imports High oil prices

Environmental commitments

Rural development opportunities Diversification of agricultural industries

Lead/MTBE phase out programs


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Global Ethanol Production

Ethanol productiondoubled to 46 Gl in 2000-2005

Projected to 60-75 Gl in2010

Growth mainly in US,Brazil, China

13 countries using ethanolfuel in 2003

At least 30 countrieshave/plan to introduceethanol fuel programs

Sugarcane Maize Wheat, beet


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Bioethanol costs by feedstock

Source: Davis, 2007


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Ethanol production in AfricaCountry Annual production (million litres)

Egypt 30

Kenya 15

Mauritius 23

Nigeria 30

South Africa 410

Swaziland 13

Zimbabwe 25

Other Africa 92

Total 638

Malawi ~ 18 Ml/yr

Source:FOL

ichts,

2007


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Bioethanol experiences in

Africa Blending programmes

Zimbabweblending from 1980-1992

Malawi

blending since 1982 Kenyablending since 1983-1993

New programmes South Africanew programme in 2007

Ethiopia

E5 mandate in Addis in 2007

NigeriaBrazil partnership to create BioCity

Sudannew programme in 2007

Pan African Cassava Initiative


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Zimbabwe ethanol program

Motivation Sanctions, security of supply, saving foreign currency,

low sugar prices Success factors

Public-private partnership

Local material (60%), construction and labour

Well developed agriculture & industry Clear pricing policy

Well planned implementation strategy

Food-fuel dilemma not critical (sugar export crop)


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Zimbabwe ethanol program

Annexed distillery at Triangle (40 Ml pa)

Blending at 13-18%

1992 drought reduced feedstock drastically

Resuscitation attempts failed

Economic reforms favoured export of ethanol

Triangle maximised sugar production for export

Current plans to resuscitate blending in 2007


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Malawi ethanol program

Motivation

Costly imports, security of supply (regional instability)

Success factors Clear & consistent policies including incentives &

competitive pricing

Steady availability of feedstock

Availability of irrigation water (Lake Malawi)

Dwangwa plant produces 15-20Ml pa since 1982 Plant cost $8mln, savings $32mln (1982-1990)

Blending at 15-22%

New plant at Nchalo with capacity of 12 Ml pa


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New Ethanol Fuel Initiatives

South Africa Ethanol from maize programme (155 Ml pa)

Mandatory E10 blending legislation pending

Biofuels strategy being developed

Nigeria

Using Brazilian model & partnership to start bioethanolprogramme

Presidential Initiative on Cassava & ethanol from

cassava plant in Niger with China

Ethiopia: Staggered E5 blending programme starting withAddis

Sudan:New 10-year sugar strategy include 250 Mlethanol plant at Eljazeera


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Lessons Learnt

Government support critical (not control)

Clear, consistent, sustained policies

Capital and pricing incentives Close public-private partnership

Supportive institutional framework

Local construction & early capacity building

Simple designs & avoiding too rapid expansion

Sustained feedstock availability

Preparedness for weather induced feedstock shortages

Comprehensive program of action


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Barriers

Lack of clear, consistent long term policies

Lack of government support

Lack of supportive institutional framework

Lack of technical expertise Capital intensive nature of projects

Lack of access to affordable finance

Arable land and water availability (droughts)

Limited availability of feedstock

Competition with food production

Market uncertainty due to fluctuating oil, sugar

prices


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Action plan

Capacity building Stakeholder awareness raising on benefits,

opportunities, technologies, policies

Awareness raising on project development, financing

strategies Technical expertise development

Training in sustainable feedstock production

Training in equipment fabrication, civil works ,

production and maintenance Training in biotechnologies and yield improvement


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Action Plan

Policy development Establish a consultative industry strategy

Develop implementation plan incl institutional structure

Develop supporting policies e.g incentives &

supporting regulatory framework Establish pricing formula for ethanol

Research, Development & Demonstration Develop bioethanol research programme

Conduct long term research on feedstocks, technologies

Establish continuous market and policy review

International knowledge sharing Establish international knowledge sharing forum

Promote joint RD&D


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Conclusions

Enormous potential for bioethanol fuel

Significant benefits already demonstrated

Government support critical to project success

Mandates and incentives important for markettransformation

Clear & consistent policy framework important

Need for ensuring & monitoring sustainability ofprograms w.r.t food-fuel dilemma, maintainingenvironmental integrity

70770 bioethanol technologies in africa presentation b.batidzirai

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