722

ITOlxcia TIVa bla Tilv ~CACTI1V TOU auvTcAcaTOO aaqaAcia~ EvaVTI epauacw~ TWV napclwv

I

xw~aTIVwv qpav~aTwv AllTpiou Aya 9E06001660umiddot

nEpiAlIC

Bv Tfi naeovan EY(luiQ UVyxt)T)QVvTQt TO iltUlUOUea OTn~XRia tn atpopW-vTa T~li feAIr1Jl tm Qll1rEAeGrov ompalpoundiu eurovaVCl 6rQVaEW rwv nUQfIW)I X()-lQ-ri11(j)V If(UYfldrw ~H pound~tTashy

u )tal 6 xafJoIGpor rwv lITOtXdwv TOVWV lyivEro paa riiw fl1JlflVIXwv l6wnjrwv rw V)lshyxWv h llxwpuror avtv twv dnoiwv 6 xuOo(lWpor xal 1] dvdAvG rw)l ~v(]jtetaTi(wjJ xUTucrra shy

(Jpoundwv faoeeoniru lV)Xthf1 aovvarOl

n eealrEgw 6tlvtrrm ~ OJIamiddotu1luaraat leU) UGJpoundVpoundGTeeWlJ ~poundamrWafW)l poundvaTa(J~l(J C b TIT bshyyauT1]e1cp TO dnonAlauata rw EvyaafrJeWXWV 6fJxJA wv cilton)oOo ra YVWOTU nugulJishyr~otl tud 1ov vnooytapov TOU aVPTlOAeurm aorpaAl(J(

JEv lfAet eccOevraf at T(tit paoyai feOoJot 6ta tth OflltJPO) tutj ltJV)ntltJtov ampu)ta (Frjshy

hlich FeUwius Taylor) avvoampvou nd naeujdYUTOr nlteeyaoflw ror fJaa et T OV oUlao ro FcUcnius

I rpoundYIKOTJTEC

0 auvTpoundApoundaT~~ QacjlaAda~ lvovTI BpouaEw~ (ve~ ITpovoOS tlTt KUAIVliplK~lt tlTlcjlavdas oAla9~apoundws lii6 t TOI iiI T~S yvwcniilt TTapoOTOatwlt

f = Mo (1)M

h90

= auvTpoundAtcrnS ~acjloAtlo~

MT = ai pOTTot ilVTlaTOatWS

Mg = pOlTat tuvooDaol T~V oAla9~alv ( pOlTat tK TOO papoult TOG XW~OTOlt Kat GIiOTOS Wlt Kat tK TWV aEla~IKWV liov~atwv )

0 UTTOAOYla~e~ TWV POITWV Mg IiLv lTapoualQ~tI liuaKoAiov TOUVOVT[OV 0 lJTTOAOYlaflo~ TWV POITWV QVTlaT6atw~ TTPOUTT08irtl ritv IiltptuvlalV Kat yvwalv TWV auvBlKWV TWV to)uouawv KOTO ritv KOTOaKtu~v (ves xw~aT[VOU cjlPOYflQTOS llIOTl ~6vov iiI Tijlt opshyB~S ilVOlTopOOT6atw~ TWV a uv91j Kwv KOTO n)v tpYOOTl)PlOK~V IiOKI~~V tivOI 6UVOTOS ITpalilOpla~os T~ ~ ilVTlaToixou auvox~lt C Kat Tijs QVTlaToixou ywvia~ TPlP~~ p lila TOV UITOAOYlaflov T~ ~ ilVTOxfis BpauaEWC

T = C + a tcjlp ( 2 )

nEpalTtpw KoBiOTOTOI ~VQYKO[O ~ aU~~TT]o t TTt TOO oplafloO TOO auvTpoundAtaToO ilacjloshyAE[O~ KoB laov ~tXPl a~flEpov lxoual IilOTUllwBij Kat pla~ot 1i16cj1opol TOO ( I )

rcfJ9tpct C7rl 9cooa)ovhcl TO 1937 AlrTAw~QTOO middot YT)TOU E6a+olXOV1Kijc Kat etdlwaclooJv K Bret~ xoC n OAITlK6c MlxavIKoc nOAUfCxvdov nic Darmmiddot bull AaxoAit8rpltc t nopa66oClC Kat tpY0aTlPIOKOUC stad t ~cAunKI1c rcp~ovoc middotEm~ulnc TOO Ka9l nClpOfJaTlO~oUf)

1 Kupwnpo npopAtllloTo lXOVTO axtav t TOV auvnAccrrlv c1afoAdac 723

hoC xwoTivou +paVOT0c hOVT 9pouacwc TQV nopcQv a6ToO

luetvToS TOU lTpO~X~flQTOS T~S etoEwS TOU ltgtpaYflQTOS alTO U)pOTpoundXVlK~S alT6oj1poundws tflshyltgtQVUpoundTQl afltows TO lTpO~X~IQ T~S ouv91oEWS ~S EilQTOfl~S TOU ltgtpaYf1aTos V (uvapT~shyOEl flt TorrapEUpoKOf1EVOV UXKOV EK ~S KaTaM~M~ToS Kai ~S lTOOO~TOS TOU ulTapshyXOVTOS UXKOU eo t~apT~efj ~ TEXlK~ flOPltgt~ TOU ltgtpaYflaTos

H KaToM~M~S tvos UXKOU mxwlloToS KpivElOl Imo ~v lKovo~Ta OUfllTuifvWOEWs TOU fws TO Eila ~V KaTOOKEU~V lTpoEilOYEypaflfllvov IltrpOV OS aKaTaXX~Xa ~XlKa 9EWshyPOUVTOI TO lTtPXOVTQ 0pyavlKos ouoioS ~ Il~ aVTtxovTO ElS IlElO~oXaS TWV KQlPlKWV ouv-9lKWV (B9 ) OS YVWOTOV ylVElOl KupiwS EilclKplOlS IlETQ~U TWV UXKWV alToltgtpa~Ews Tel olToio 6lTOTpoundXOUV T~V aEilQlTpoundpOTOV XwpiEio TOU ltgtpaYlloToS (lTUp~V ) Kai TWV UXKWV tmxwlloTos TO OlToio oTTjpilouv T~V OEilOlTtPOTOV XwpiEio (OWIlO OVTlOTTjpi~EWS )

Ioy~ TWV )IOltgt0PETlKWV IllXOVlKWV lEilOT~TWV 01 OlTOiOl OlTOlTOUVTQl tK TWV OVWTtpW UXKWV poundIvol ovaYKaiov va ~poundTao90uv mUTo KEXWPOflpoundvwS

11 nupqv

tuo T~V KQTQOKEU~V TOU lTUp~VOS OlTOlTEiTQI KuplwS xallX~ )IQlTtPQT6~S H )alTEpashyTO~S poundIvaI ) WPlOIVOV UXKOV OUVOp~OIS ~S lTUKVO~TOS aUTOU H tXaxlOTTj )alTE paTOTlS (TTlTUYXOvtTal OTav TO UXKlt)V OUfllTUKVOUml tiS ~V flEylOTTjv lTUKv6TTjTQ tv

~lPii (Ixmiddot I)

15 16 18 20 22 24

-LuvtpoundAeuro011lpound uypashyoLa s y

IXmiddot I AOKI~il OU)ITfUKVWa(tu (ProcformiddotTesl) Fig 1 Compaction led (Proclor-Test)

WPlOIVOV UXKOV Kai ) wPollvlv tvpYElav OUlllTUKVWOEws ova 10vaEia IlXKOO lyKOU UlTaPXpoundl ilia ~EhIOTTj uypaolo Wop EilO ~v olTolav tlTlTuyxaVETQl aVTIOTOlXOS fltylOTTj lTUKv6~S Ytmax (EVeO y = ~lpov ltgtovoll ~apos )

KQTO ~v OUITTUKVWOlV poundIS woP dVQl WS ouv~9ws TO UXKOV KEKoptollVOV KOTO 80shy90 Til uTT6XolTTa 20 - 10 KEvil dVQl TTX~pl otpos SOTIS X6y~ ovaOTa)nK6~Tos tmEip- EUVO(KWS tTTi ~S aVTox~s tiS EioTIllov Kai OUVpound1TWS tlT Ti1s EUOTaepoundlas (IX ltly )

tuo ~v OUIlTTUKVWOlV TOU TTUp~VOS tiS uypaolav w EilOltgt0POV TOO Wop tlTlTUYXOvtTa IlKpOTtpo ~S y mx TTUKVOTTjS ~ EilaTTEpaT6TTjS OU~OVEI Ka ~ OVTOX~ poundIs )IOTIllOIV tXaTshyTOUTal

1U EIlt IiAADlt MyDlt I)la TOV 6nDiDV nptnu va lnlTuyxavuo aUlmiKvwallt tllt Tilv PEATilt1TTjv uypoaiov dVOl it lniopaGllt TIjlt aTEpEDnDlllaEwlt TOU nupijVDlt lnl Tijlt aVTDxijlt tllt oashyTI~GlV 110n UIjl~AOlt PaelOlt KDPEalDO OUVEnciyuOl ~U~llItv~V niwv n6pwv tvrolt TDO nupfJVDlt IExplt ChDU OUVTEAEOe~ ~ aTEppoundDnDi~olt Evw ot aUVpoundX~DltVDU TDU ltPYDU at T~V OciTI~OIV poundUVDDuoa TaOpoundllt au~ciVDVTabullbull I) ~u~~ltvl nIEolt nopwv OUVTEAEi pound1lt ~V poundAcirrwov T~lt aVTOX~lt pound1lt OciTI~OV TOO tmXWlaTOlt

H aVTDX~ pound1lt oaTI~OIV poundAaTTDOTa bull QODV TO UAKOV dvOI OAYWTpoundPDV oanpoundpaTOV Kal au 1shyTTU ~voOVTm de uypaalov ~poundya~uTtpav TOO Wopl EKT0C TOUTOIJ ~ aUIlTTuKvWOIt TOG TTUshy

PVDlt OfV naupoundI IpoundTa ~V KaTaOKpounduilv aAM ouvpoundxi~na AQYIt TOO 10iDU papDult middotOODV of papUTEpDlt 0 nupv Kal xal~A6TEpDV TO ItTPDV OUlnUKVWOpoundWlt T60DV IEyaAuTtpa [[VOl it lK TWV UOTtpwv OUlnUKvwalt OuX ~TTDV TotauTllK TWV uaTtpwv aUlnUKVwshy0lt llnOampi~ETOI poundK TOO tv Tij ODIU unopXDVTDlt UOaTOlt TO onDiDV A6y~ TIjlt Xal~A~lt 6anpoundpaTOT~TDlt TOO UAKDU tKltjgtEUypoundl ppaotwlt

rpoundVKWlt OUvala va ApoundXe OTt tvw al Taapoundllt al poundUV()DUOII -rilv o6TI~alv aU~aVDVTQlIETa TOO10iDU PcipDUlt ( oAKal TOOpoundllt ) aVTDXil pound1lt 1i6TI~ov au~6VE 16VDV IpoundTa TWV tvpoundpshyywv TOaEWV alnvElt OUVTEADUltVl)lt Tlt lt1TpoundppoundDnotljOEWlt napaAalp6vDVTa uno TIjlt KDKKDODI~lt

EKTDU l~xaV0IDU TIjlt OTEppoundOnotljOEwlt TDU nup~VDlt npDKUmpoundlSn ~ KaTaOTaolt Karcl Til v KaraOKEuilv TO O ltjgtpaYlaTOlt Wlt Ka 0ltowlt IETa TO ntpalt Tlt KaTaaKpoundu~lt onDTEAEi 6uOflpoundV~ opaKV lIpoundpimwov Iia ~V l~tTaov TDO OUVTEAtOTQO ooltjgtaAtlaltO KaTO ~V 6paK~V TaUT~V nEpimwOIV OUVTpoundApoundOTillt OVDla~poundTa laquo OUVTEApoundO~lt 0PXK~lt aVTDX~ltraquo ( short term coefficient) H Ino TO ntpalt TIjlt KaTaOKpoundU~lt TDO ltjgtpaYlaTDlt lIVEPshyXO ltvl aTael~ TIjlt AIIVI)lt Igtfv aUVTEApound tllt Tilv tAcinwOIv TDU OUVTEAEOTDU lIaltjgtaAtlalt Avnetrwlt Xpl)~EI npDODX~lt TaXEa Tantlvwalt T~lt Ailv~lt ~Tllt dVOl liuvaT6v va nposhyKaAtC11J Spauav My-l Tlt 1 napaAAljAou npoaapl0yijlt Tijlt mtaEwlt n6pwv tllt ~v uliposhyOTaTlKljv

ElIl TOO avwTtpw npopAljlaTolt litv tnETEux9l aK61~ 6POTLKil AU 01lt tvw 6 middotBlshop ( BI ) ( B2) IIapalitxuOl on niEOIlt nopwv IETO ~v TallElVWOlV t~apTiiTa TOODV OliO ~v IIp6 TIjlt TallclvwoEWlt ullapxouoav niEOIV nopwv llo caDV Kal 1110 ~v IEmpDAv T~lt 6p9ijlt TciaEwlt l1a My-l t~WTEPK~lt UlipDOTaTlKiilt ClIIoltjgt0pTloEwlt (IX 2 )

H r1PXLKI ntcollt 116pwl u~ tTQI 610 tmmiddot XWIlQTQ au f8ouc TTUICV6TTTOr apVTlTLKfl 0 w8c Kat 8ULK ICC~ampT(oJ9( T~r C7T6~lC TOU Q60TOCjjUl gt

~

3 6Ul UTTtpautJTTmUlClWjJtVQ trrLXWIlQTO 161shy0 w Cl we 6t h auvCICTUuJ t6a4tw dVQI U

0 ~

6p TjTlICIj ~ t=

Jo

0 ltl -0 ~ taOs

o BJoUU +

j

j I Xmiddot 2 H ~tTQPOA~ T~r mtat~ TT6pw KaTa Til Taxdoy mwo T~t 0T68~Tjr (Bishop) Fig 2 The change of the pore -water- pre ssure by d raw down (Bishop)

To Bureau af Reclamation (Ai) eEwpti T1lv aTEppoundonDIlaiv wlt TETEAEalpoundvlv Myl rwv ItXP Tijlt npwTllt TanEvwoEWlt T~lt AIlvllt ouvrtAEa9Eawv napal0pltjgtWOEWV Tij~ odegliiltmiddot 1110 ~v Tax(iav Tandvwav TIjlt AIlv~lt 6pl~poundTa IiEuTtpa (juaIE~lt 6paK nEplmwOllt

TIIn~B D011TIIWV OIOVIKWV

E~ OUT~S TTPOtPXtTOL ~ 6volloolo laquoouvrtlltOTTlS liu ~v ToXtiOV TOTTtlVWOLV Tii~ IIlIIl~) 72TPHPO ( Drawdwn )Holmwv El~ T~V t~tTOOLV TOO OUVTElltoroO 6oltjgtolltlo~ 6V~KtL KO TplTlJ 6pLOK~ TTtpimwOLS KOT6 PRXOVIKWV T~V Ofolov 6 TTUp~V fXtL TTAtOV OTtptOTTOLI9fj Ka ltjgtopTI~tTOL liLa Tiis 6vwTaTlJS tmTptmfj~

OTa9f11S El~ auTijv lillitTOL ~ 6vollaola laquo oUVTtlltoTij~ TtIlLKiS 6vToX~S) (long term coefficient )

11 lW~lCl ~YllOTrJP~EW~

A[ tK TOO UIlLKOO TOO OIJflaTOS QVTLoTlJpl~tWS QTTOLTOUfltVOL fIlxaVLKa iliL6TlJTtS poundIVOL fl6vLflOS tUOTa9tla Ka u~1I1~ liLaTTtpOT6TlJ~

Eav TO ltjgtpayfla tlVOL OUflfltTpLK6v yivtTaL liLaKPLOLS fltTO~U TOU tOWTtpLKOO OWflaTO~ -TTpOS Tijv TTlltupav TfjS IIIf1vS - Ka TOU t~WTtPLKOO OWfiaTOSbullATTavTa litov va tuora90uv ti~ Tas TTlltupLKas mEOtLS TOO TTUp~VO~ w~ Ka ti~ Tas ulipooraTLK6sTO tOWTtpLKOV oWfia KaTaTTOVtiTOL liuofltvtOTtpWS KaTa T~V Taxtiav TOTTtlvWOLv Tiis JlflvIS middott aUTov TOV lIoyov TTpEmL va tlvOL liLaTTtpaT6v LUfIltjgtwvw~ lii TTpOS Ta tv LouIliit ( B12 ) Ka EII~tTlt ( B13 ) poundKTtlltoSEvTa TTtLpaflaTa TTPOTLJTTWV TTptTTtL ~ liLaTTtpaT6TlJS k va tlvOL TO 611IYWTEshypOV litKa ltjgtopas fltyalluTtpa TiS TOXUTlJTOS TaTTtLVwotWs Tiis oraSfIl~ Tiis 1I1f1lS v ( LX 3 )

Xpov0i Va TGX(Hl1C TamwWatwc

k limTTtpOToTlC

n fTOpWlict (n=n middot Q lv60o=f(k)

IXmiddot 3 H C1T69J OlSQTOC tvTOC TOU tTUXW-OTOC 2 I(OTl] niv TQxciav TOTTtiVWOLY TfJc crr69JJ1t nit ACI(6vT]C

Fig 3 Tl1e wafer evel in the fill of the dam 2 by drowdown

OTOV TO UIlLKOV tiS TOV aTTOLTOUfltvov ~aSfiov OUflTTUKVWOtWS litv [KaVOTToLfj Tijv 6VWTtpw OUVS~KlV liEOV vlL lIafl~avwvrOL fltrpa iKaVOTTOLlTLKfjs ciTToorpayylopoundws

ETTJ TOO TTpopll~flaTos Tiis avroxii~ tiS liLaTfIlOLV litv Ti9cTaL Sefla 6vamulcws TTLtocws TTOpWII KaS OOOV ~ tiS Ta UTTCPKCflcva ltjgtopTia 6ltjgttLllofltvI oTtPCOTTOIlOLS ouvrcAdTOL afltshyows ws tK Tiis u~lllii~ liLaTTcpaToTlJTos TOU UIILKOO (B8) OUTW MvaTm vlL StWPlSfj ws liuOflcv~S opLaK~ TTcplmwOLS tuora9cias ~ ulipaulILK~ 9paOolS ~ oltjgttLIIOflpoundl liLa fltv TO t~WTCPLKOV oWfia tis T~V ouvcxfj lil~Sl0lV TOO uliaTOS lil TOO TTUpfjVOS liLa lit TO tOWTtpL KOV ciS Tijv tVTOS aUTOU KaSuortpouoav orIt9f1lv TOU OliaTOS KOTa Tijv Toxdav TaTTtlvwOLv Tiis orIt9f1lS iiis IIIf1vlS (LX middot 3 ) OJ avwTtpw ouvTtlltoroJ uTTolloyj~oVTQL ~ItOtL Tiis TElIlKfjS aVToxiis TOU ulllKou TOU oWfiaToS aVTLOTlJpl~twS

3 Til lilil TOe oploKlIe 1TEpL1TTWOEle ouvij9IJ 1TElpllIlOTO Koj lIpoundTpiioELe de Tilv KCTOOKEUtlV

H dS liLtlTfIlOLV QVTOX~ TWV ulllKwv poundIvaI liuvaTOV va rrpooliLoPL09~ TTtLpaflaTLKWS tis Tijv KU~EIIlv TpLalovIK~S ouoKtuiis 6pKd ~ lioKLflaola Tiis liLaTfI~ocwS va ylVtTOL UTTO Tas llilas ouv~Kas WS KaJ tis TO ltjgtpItYfia Ai ouvSfjKal aUTm dVOL

I ) TporroS tKltjgtUyfjS TOU uliaTos

2) 6 MyoS Tiis flcyaJuTtpas TTpOS T~V flLKpoTtpav TltoLv ~

3 ) a[ TTapaflopltjgtwOtlS

H poundltjgtapfloy~ oflwS KaJ ~ lilaT~plOLS TWV OUV9lKWV TOUTWV KaTa TO TTdpafla TTapOUOlamiddot ~(t KaJ ~flcPOV 6K6f11 liuoKolI[as

1 Kupwnpo npopAtllloTo lXOVTO axtav t TOV auvnAccrrlv c1afoAdac 723

hoC xwoTivou +paVOT0c hOVT 9pouacwc TQV nopcQv a6ToO

luetvToS TOU lTpO~X~flQTOS T~S etoEwS TOU ltgtpaYflQTOS alTO U)pOTpoundXVlK~S alT6oj1poundws tflshyltgtQVUpoundTQl afltows TO lTpO~X~IQ T~S ouv91oEWS ~S EilQTOfl~S TOU ltgtpaYf1aTos V (uvapT~shyOEl flt TorrapEUpoKOf1EVOV UXKOV EK ~S KaTaM~M~ToS Kai ~S lTOOO~TOS TOU ulTapshyXOVTOS UXKOU eo t~apT~efj ~ TEXlK~ flOPltgt~ TOU ltgtpaYflaTos

H KaToM~M~S tvos UXKOU mxwlloToS KpivElOl Imo ~v lKovo~Ta OUfllTuifvWOEWs TOU fws TO Eila ~V KaTOOKEU~V lTpoEilOYEypaflfllvov IltrpOV OS aKaTaXX~Xa ~XlKa 9EWshyPOUVTOI TO lTtPXOVTQ 0pyavlKos ouoioS ~ Il~ aVTtxovTO ElS IlElO~oXaS TWV KQlPlKWV ouv-9lKWV (B9 ) OS YVWOTOV ylVElOl KupiwS EilclKplOlS IlETQ~U TWV UXKWV alToltgtpa~Ews Tel olToio 6lTOTpoundXOUV T~V aEilQlTpoundpOTOV XwpiEio TOU ltgtpaYlloToS (lTUp~V ) Kai TWV UXKWV tmxwlloTos TO OlToio oTTjpilouv T~V OEilOlTtPOTOV XwpiEio (OWIlO OVTlOTTjpi~EWS )

Ioy~ TWV )IOltgt0PETlKWV IllXOVlKWV lEilOT~TWV 01 OlTOiOl OlTOlTOUVTQl tK TWV OVWTtpW UXKWV poundIvol ovaYKaiov va ~poundTao90uv mUTo KEXWPOflpoundvwS

11 nupqv

tuo T~V KQTQOKEU~V TOU lTUp~VOS OlTOlTEiTQI KuplwS xallX~ )IQlTtPQT6~S H )alTEpashyTO~S poundIvaI ) WPlOIVOV UXKOV OUVOp~OIS ~S lTUKVO~TOS aUTOU H tXaxlOTTj )alTE paTOTlS (TTlTUYXOvtTal OTav TO UXKlt)V OUfllTUKVOUml tiS ~V flEylOTTjv lTUKv6TTjTQ tv

~lPii (Ixmiddot I)

15 16 18 20 22 24

-LuvtpoundAeuro011lpound uypashyoLa s y

IXmiddot I AOKI~il OU)ITfUKVWa(tu (ProcformiddotTesl) Fig 1 Compaction led (Proclor-Test)

WPlOIVOV UXKOV Kai ) wPollvlv tvpYElav OUlllTUKVWOEws ova 10vaEia IlXKOO lyKOU UlTaPXpoundl ilia ~EhIOTTj uypaolo Wop EilO ~v olTolav tlTlTuyxaVETQl aVTIOTOlXOS fltylOTTj lTUKv6~S Ytmax (EVeO y = ~lpov ltgtovoll ~apos )

KQTO ~v OUITTUKVWOlV poundIS woP dVQl WS ouv~9ws TO UXKOV KEKoptollVOV KOTO 80shy90 Til uTT6XolTTa 20 - 10 KEvil dVQl TTX~pl otpos SOTIS X6y~ ovaOTa)nK6~Tos tmEip- EUVO(KWS tTTi ~S aVTox~s tiS EioTIllov Kai OUVpound1TWS tlT Ti1s EUOTaepoundlas (IX ltly )

tuo ~v OUIlTTUKVWOlV TOU TTUp~VOS tiS uypaolav w EilOltgt0POV TOO Wop tlTlTUYXOvtTa IlKpOTtpo ~S y mx TTUKVOTTjS ~ EilaTTEpaT6TTjS OU~OVEI Ka ~ OVTOX~ poundIs )IOTIllOIV tXaTshyTOUTal

1U EIlt IiAADlt MyDlt I)la TOV 6nDiDV nptnu va lnlTuyxavuo aUlmiKvwallt tllt Tilv PEATilt1TTjv uypoaiov dVOl it lniopaGllt TIjlt aTEpEDnDlllaEwlt TOU nupijVDlt lnl Tijlt aVTDxijlt tllt oashyTI~GlV 110n UIjl~AOlt PaelOlt KDPEalDO OUVEnciyuOl ~U~llItv~V niwv n6pwv tvrolt TDO nupfJVDlt IExplt ChDU OUVTEAEOe~ ~ aTEppoundDnDi~olt Evw ot aUVpoundX~DltVDU TDU ltPYDU at T~V OciTI~OIV poundUVDDuoa TaOpoundllt au~ciVDVTabullbull I) ~u~~ltvl nIEolt nopwv OUVTEAEi pound1lt ~V poundAcirrwov T~lt aVTOX~lt pound1lt OciTI~OV TOO tmXWlaTOlt

H aVTDX~ pound1lt oaTI~OIV poundAaTTDOTa bull QODV TO UAKOV dvOI OAYWTpoundPDV oanpoundpaTOV Kal au 1shyTTU ~voOVTm de uypaalov ~poundya~uTtpav TOO Wopl EKT0C TOUTOIJ ~ aUIlTTuKvWOIt TOG TTUshy

PVDlt OfV naupoundI IpoundTa ~V KaTaOKpounduilv aAM ouvpoundxi~na AQYIt TOO 10iDU papDult middotOODV of papUTEpDlt 0 nupv Kal xal~A6TEpDV TO ItTPDV OUlnUKVWOpoundWlt T60DV IEyaAuTtpa [[VOl it lK TWV UOTtpwv OUlnUKvwalt OuX ~TTDV TotauTllK TWV uaTtpwv aUlnUKVwshy0lt llnOampi~ETOI poundK TOO tv Tij ODIU unopXDVTDlt UOaTOlt TO onDiDV A6y~ TIjlt Xal~A~lt 6anpoundpaTOT~TDlt TOO UAKDU tKltjgtEUypoundl ppaotwlt

rpoundVKWlt OUvala va ApoundXe OTt tvw al Taapoundllt al poundUV()DUOII -rilv o6TI~alv aU~aVDVTQlIETa TOO10iDU PcipDUlt ( oAKal TOOpoundllt ) aVTDXil pound1lt 1i6TI~ov au~6VE 16VDV IpoundTa TWV tvpoundpshyywv TOaEWV alnvElt OUVTEADUltVl)lt Tlt lt1TpoundppoundDnotljOEWlt napaAalp6vDVTa uno TIjlt KDKKDODI~lt

EKTDU l~xaV0IDU TIjlt OTEppoundOnotljOEwlt TDU nup~VDlt npDKUmpoundlSn ~ KaTaOTaolt Karcl Til v KaraOKEuilv TO O ltjgtpaYlaTOlt Wlt Ka 0ltowlt IETa TO ntpalt Tlt KaTaaKpoundu~lt onDTEAEi 6uOflpoundV~ opaKV lIpoundpimwov Iia ~V l~tTaov TDO OUVTEAtOTQO ooltjgtaAtlaltO KaTO ~V 6paK~V TaUT~V nEpimwOIV OUVTpoundApoundOTillt OVDla~poundTa laquo OUVTEApoundO~lt 0PXK~lt aVTDX~ltraquo ( short term coefficient) H Ino TO ntpalt TIjlt KaTaOKpoundU~lt TDO ltjgtpaYlaTDlt lIVEPshyXO ltvl aTael~ TIjlt AIIVI)lt Igtfv aUVTEApound tllt Tilv tAcinwOIv TDU OUVTEAEOTDU lIaltjgtaAtlalt Avnetrwlt Xpl)~EI npDODX~lt TaXEa Tantlvwalt T~lt Ailv~lt ~Tllt dVOl liuvaT6v va nposhyKaAtC11J Spauav My-l Tlt 1 napaAAljAou npoaapl0yijlt Tijlt mtaEwlt n6pwv tllt ~v uliposhyOTaTlKljv

ElIl TOO avwTtpw npopAljlaTolt litv tnETEux9l aK61~ 6POTLKil AU 01lt tvw 6 middotBlshop ( BI ) ( B2) IIapalitxuOl on niEOIlt nopwv IETO ~v TallElVWOlV t~apTiiTa TOODV OliO ~v IIp6 TIjlt TallclvwoEWlt ullapxouoav niEOIV nopwv llo caDV Kal 1110 ~v IEmpDAv T~lt 6p9ijlt TciaEwlt l1a My-l t~WTEPK~lt UlipDOTaTlKiilt ClIIoltjgt0pTloEwlt (IX 2 )

H r1PXLKI ntcollt 116pwl u~ tTQI 610 tmmiddot XWIlQTQ au f8ouc TTUICV6TTTOr apVTlTLKfl 0 w8c Kat 8ULK ICC~ampT(oJ9( T~r C7T6~lC TOU Q60TOCjjUl gt

~

3 6Ul UTTtpautJTTmUlClWjJtVQ trrLXWIlQTO 161shy0 w Cl we 6t h auvCICTUuJ t6a4tw dVQI U

0 ~

6p TjTlICIj ~ t=

Jo

0 ltl -0 ~ taOs

o BJoUU +

j

j I Xmiddot 2 H ~tTQPOA~ T~r mtat~ TT6pw KaTa Til Taxdoy mwo T~t 0T68~Tjr (Bishop) Fig 2 The change of the pore -water- pre ssure by d raw down (Bishop)

To Bureau af Reclamation (Ai) eEwpti T1lv aTEppoundonDIlaiv wlt TETEAEalpoundvlv Myl rwv ItXP Tijlt npwTllt TanEvwoEWlt T~lt AIlvllt ouvrtAEa9Eawv napal0pltjgtWOEWV Tij~ odegliiltmiddot 1110 ~v Tax(iav Tandvwav TIjlt AIlv~lt 6pl~poundTa IiEuTtpa (juaIE~lt 6paK nEplmwOllt

TIIn~B D011TIIWV OIOVIKWV

E~ OUT~S TTPOtPXtTOL ~ 6volloolo laquoouvrtlltOTTlS liu ~v ToXtiOV TOTTtlVWOLV Tii~ IIlIIl~) 72TPHPO ( Drawdwn )Holmwv El~ T~V t~tTOOLV TOO OUVTElltoroO 6oltjgtolltlo~ 6V~KtL KO TplTlJ 6pLOK~ TTtpimwOLS KOT6 PRXOVIKWV T~V Ofolov 6 TTUp~V fXtL TTAtOV OTtptOTTOLI9fj Ka ltjgtopTI~tTOL liLa Tiis 6vwTaTlJS tmTptmfj~

OTa9f11S El~ auTijv lillitTOL ~ 6vollaola laquo oUVTtlltoTij~ TtIlLKiS 6vToX~S) (long term coefficient )

11 lW~lCl ~YllOTrJP~EW~

A[ tK TOO UIlLKOO TOO OIJflaTOS QVTLoTlJpl~tWS QTTOLTOUfltVOL fIlxaVLKa iliL6TlJTtS poundIVOL fl6vLflOS tUOTa9tla Ka u~1I1~ liLaTTtpOT6TlJ~

Eav TO ltjgtpayfla tlVOL OUflfltTpLK6v yivtTaL liLaKPLOLS fltTO~U TOU tOWTtpLKOO OWflaTO~ -TTpOS Tijv TTlltupav TfjS IIIf1vS - Ka TOU t~WTtPLKOO OWfiaTOSbullATTavTa litov va tuora90uv ti~ Tas TTlltupLKas mEOtLS TOO TTUp~VO~ w~ Ka ti~ Tas ulipooraTLK6sTO tOWTtpLKOV oWfia KaTaTTOVtiTOL liuofltvtOTtpWS KaTa T~V Taxtiav TOTTtlvWOLv Tiis JlflvIS middott aUTov TOV lIoyov TTpEmL va tlvOL liLaTTtpaT6v LUfIltjgtwvw~ lii TTpOS Ta tv LouIliit ( B12 ) Ka EII~tTlt ( B13 ) poundKTtlltoSEvTa TTtLpaflaTa TTPOTLJTTWV TTptTTtL ~ liLaTTtpaT6TlJS k va tlvOL TO 611IYWTEshypOV litKa ltjgtopas fltyalluTtpa TiS TOXUTlJTOS TaTTtLVwotWs Tiis oraSfIl~ Tiis 1I1f1lS v ( LX 3 )

Xpov0i Va TGX(Hl1C TamwWatwc

k limTTtpOToTlC

n fTOpWlict (n=n middot Q lv60o=f(k)

IXmiddot 3 H C1T69J OlSQTOC tvTOC TOU tTUXW-OTOC 2 I(OTl] niv TQxciav TOTTtiVWOLY TfJc crr69JJ1t nit ACI(6vT]C

Fig 3 Tl1e wafer evel in the fill of the dam 2 by drowdown

OTOV TO UIlLKOV tiS TOV aTTOLTOUfltvov ~aSfiov OUflTTUKVWOtWS litv [KaVOTToLfj Tijv 6VWTtpw OUVS~KlV liEOV vlL lIafl~avwvrOL fltrpa iKaVOTTOLlTLKfjs ciTToorpayylopoundws

ETTJ TOO TTpopll~flaTos Tiis avroxii~ tiS liLaTfIlOLV litv Ti9cTaL Sefla 6vamulcws TTLtocws TTOpWII KaS OOOV ~ tiS Ta UTTCPKCflcva ltjgtopTia 6ltjgttLllofltvI oTtPCOTTOIlOLS ouvrcAdTOL afltshyows ws tK Tiis u~lllii~ liLaTTcpaToTlJTos TOU UIILKOO (B8) OUTW MvaTm vlL StWPlSfj ws liuOflcv~S opLaK~ TTcplmwOLS tuora9cias ~ ulipaulILK~ 9paOolS ~ oltjgttLIIOflpoundl liLa fltv TO t~WTCPLKOV oWfia tis T~V ouvcxfj lil~Sl0lV TOO uliaTOS lil TOO TTUpfjVOS liLa lit TO tOWTtpL KOV ciS Tijv tVTOS aUTOU KaSuortpouoav orIt9f1lv TOU OliaTOS KOTa Tijv Toxdav TaTTtlvwOLv Tiis orIt9f1lS iiis IIIf1vlS (LX middot 3 ) OJ avwTtpw ouvTtlltoroJ uTTolloyj~oVTQL ~ItOtL Tiis TElIlKfjS aVToxiis TOU ulllKou TOU oWfiaToS aVTLOTlJpl~twS

3 Til lilil TOe oploKlIe 1TEpL1TTWOEle ouvij9IJ 1TElpllIlOTO Koj lIpoundTpiioELe de Tilv KCTOOKEUtlV

H dS liLtlTfIlOLV QVTOX~ TWV ulllKwv poundIvaI liuvaTOV va rrpooliLoPL09~ TTtLpaflaTLKWS tis Tijv KU~EIIlv TpLalovIK~S ouoKtuiis 6pKd ~ lioKLflaola Tiis liLaTfI~ocwS va ylVtTOL UTTO Tas llilas ouv~Kas WS KaJ tis TO ltjgtpItYfia Ai ouvSfjKal aUTm dVOL

I ) TporroS tKltjgtUyfjS TOU uliaTos

2) 6 MyoS Tiis flcyaJuTtpas TTpOS T~V flLKpoTtpav TltoLv ~

3 ) a[ TTapaflopltjgtwOtlS

H poundltjgtapfloy~ oflwS KaJ ~ lilaT~plOLS TWV OUV9lKWV TOUTWV KaTa TO TTdpafla TTapOUOlamiddot ~(t KaJ ~flcPOV 6K6f11 liuoKolI[as

1U EIlt IiAADlt MyDlt I)la TOV 6nDiDV nptnu va lnlTuyxavuo aUlmiKvwallt tllt Tilv PEATilt1TTjv uypoaiov dVOl it lniopaGllt TIjlt aTEpEDnDlllaEwlt TOU nupijVDlt lnl Tijlt aVTDxijlt tllt oashyTI~GlV 110n UIjl~AOlt PaelOlt KDPEalDO OUVEnciyuOl ~U~llItv~V niwv n6pwv tvrolt TDO nupfJVDlt IExplt ChDU OUVTEAEOe~ ~ aTEppoundDnDi~olt Evw ot aUVpoundX~DltVDU TDU ltPYDU at T~V OciTI~OIV poundUVDDuoa TaOpoundllt au~ciVDVTabullbull I) ~u~~ltvl nIEolt nopwv OUVTEAEi pound1lt ~V poundAcirrwov T~lt aVTOX~lt pound1lt OciTI~OV TOO tmXWlaTOlt

H aVTDX~ pound1lt oaTI~OIV poundAaTTDOTa bull QODV TO UAKOV dvOI OAYWTpoundPDV oanpoundpaTOV Kal au 1shyTTU ~voOVTm de uypaalov ~poundya~uTtpav TOO Wopl EKT0C TOUTOIJ ~ aUIlTTuKvWOIt TOG TTUshy

PVDlt OfV naupoundI IpoundTa ~V KaTaOKpounduilv aAM ouvpoundxi~na AQYIt TOO 10iDU papDult middotOODV of papUTEpDlt 0 nupv Kal xal~A6TEpDV TO ItTPDV OUlnUKVWOpoundWlt T60DV IEyaAuTtpa [[VOl it lK TWV UOTtpwv OUlnUKvwalt OuX ~TTDV TotauTllK TWV uaTtpwv aUlnUKVwshy0lt llnOampi~ETOI poundK TOO tv Tij ODIU unopXDVTDlt UOaTOlt TO onDiDV A6y~ TIjlt Xal~A~lt 6anpoundpaTOT~TDlt TOO UAKDU tKltjgtEUypoundl ppaotwlt

rpoundVKWlt OUvala va ApoundXe OTt tvw al Taapoundllt al poundUV()DUOII -rilv o6TI~alv aU~aVDVTQlIETa TOO10iDU PcipDUlt ( oAKal TOOpoundllt ) aVTDXil pound1lt 1i6TI~ov au~6VE 16VDV IpoundTa TWV tvpoundpshyywv TOaEWV alnvElt OUVTEADUltVl)lt Tlt lt1TpoundppoundDnotljOEWlt napaAalp6vDVTa uno TIjlt KDKKDODI~lt

EKTDU l~xaV0IDU TIjlt OTEppoundOnotljOEwlt TDU nup~VDlt npDKUmpoundlSn ~ KaTaOTaolt Karcl Til v KaraOKEuilv TO O ltjgtpaYlaTOlt Wlt Ka 0ltowlt IETa TO ntpalt Tlt KaTaaKpoundu~lt onDTEAEi 6uOflpoundV~ opaKV lIpoundpimwov Iia ~V l~tTaov TDO OUVTEAtOTQO ooltjgtaAtlaltO KaTO ~V 6paK~V TaUT~V nEpimwOIV OUVTpoundApoundOTillt OVDla~poundTa laquo OUVTEApoundO~lt 0PXK~lt aVTDX~ltraquo ( short term coefficient) H Ino TO ntpalt TIjlt KaTaOKpoundU~lt TDO ltjgtpaYlaTDlt lIVEPshyXO ltvl aTael~ TIjlt AIIVI)lt Igtfv aUVTEApound tllt Tilv tAcinwOIv TDU OUVTEAEOTDU lIaltjgtaAtlalt Avnetrwlt Xpl)~EI npDODX~lt TaXEa Tantlvwalt T~lt Ailv~lt ~Tllt dVOl liuvaT6v va nposhyKaAtC11J Spauav My-l Tlt 1 napaAAljAou npoaapl0yijlt Tijlt mtaEwlt n6pwv tllt ~v uliposhyOTaTlKljv

ElIl TOO avwTtpw npopAljlaTolt litv tnETEux9l aK61~ 6POTLKil AU 01lt tvw 6 middotBlshop ( BI ) ( B2) IIapalitxuOl on niEOIlt nopwv IETO ~v TallElVWOlV t~apTiiTa TOODV OliO ~v IIp6 TIjlt TallclvwoEWlt ullapxouoav niEOIV nopwv llo caDV Kal 1110 ~v IEmpDAv T~lt 6p9ijlt TciaEwlt l1a My-l t~WTEPK~lt UlipDOTaTlKiilt ClIIoltjgt0pTloEwlt (IX 2 )

H r1PXLKI ntcollt 116pwl u~ tTQI 610 tmmiddot XWIlQTQ au f8ouc TTUICV6TTTOr apVTlTLKfl 0 w8c Kat 8ULK ICC~ampT(oJ9( T~r C7T6~lC TOU Q60TOCjjUl gt

~

3 6Ul UTTtpautJTTmUlClWjJtVQ trrLXWIlQTO 161shy0 w Cl we 6t h auvCICTUuJ t6a4tw dVQI U

0 ~

6p TjTlICIj ~ t=

Jo

0 ltl -0 ~ taOs

o BJoUU +

j

j I Xmiddot 2 H ~tTQPOA~ T~r mtat~ TT6pw KaTa Til Taxdoy mwo T~t 0T68~Tjr (Bishop) Fig 2 The change of the pore -water- pre ssure by d raw down (Bishop)

To Bureau af Reclamation (Ai) eEwpti T1lv aTEppoundonDIlaiv wlt TETEAEalpoundvlv Myl rwv ItXP Tijlt npwTllt TanEvwoEWlt T~lt AIlvllt ouvrtAEa9Eawv napal0pltjgtWOEWV Tij~ odegliiltmiddot 1110 ~v Tax(iav Tandvwav TIjlt AIlv~lt 6pl~poundTa IiEuTtpa (juaIE~lt 6paK nEplmwOllt

TIIn~B D011TIIWV OIOVIKWV

E~ OUT~S TTPOtPXtTOL ~ 6volloolo laquoouvrtlltOTTlS liu ~v ToXtiOV TOTTtlVWOLV Tii~ IIlIIl~) 72TPHPO ( Drawdwn )Holmwv El~ T~V t~tTOOLV TOO OUVTElltoroO 6oltjgtolltlo~ 6V~KtL KO TplTlJ 6pLOK~ TTtpimwOLS KOT6 PRXOVIKWV T~V Ofolov 6 TTUp~V fXtL TTAtOV OTtptOTTOLI9fj Ka ltjgtopTI~tTOL liLa Tiis 6vwTaTlJS tmTptmfj~

OTa9f11S El~ auTijv lillitTOL ~ 6vollaola laquo oUVTtlltoTij~ TtIlLKiS 6vToX~S) (long term coefficient )

11 lW~lCl ~YllOTrJP~EW~

A[ tK TOO UIlLKOO TOO OIJflaTOS QVTLoTlJpl~tWS QTTOLTOUfltVOL fIlxaVLKa iliL6TlJTtS poundIVOL fl6vLflOS tUOTa9tla Ka u~1I1~ liLaTTtpOT6TlJ~

Eav TO ltjgtpayfla tlVOL OUflfltTpLK6v yivtTaL liLaKPLOLS fltTO~U TOU tOWTtpLKOO OWflaTO~ -TTpOS Tijv TTlltupav TfjS IIIf1vS - Ka TOU t~WTtPLKOO OWfiaTOSbullATTavTa litov va tuora90uv ti~ Tas TTlltupLKas mEOtLS TOO TTUp~VO~ w~ Ka ti~ Tas ulipooraTLK6sTO tOWTtpLKOV oWfia KaTaTTOVtiTOL liuofltvtOTtpWS KaTa T~V Taxtiav TOTTtlvWOLv Tiis JlflvIS middott aUTov TOV lIoyov TTpEmL va tlvOL liLaTTtpaT6v LUfIltjgtwvw~ lii TTpOS Ta tv LouIliit ( B12 ) Ka EII~tTlt ( B13 ) poundKTtlltoSEvTa TTtLpaflaTa TTPOTLJTTWV TTptTTtL ~ liLaTTtpaT6TlJS k va tlvOL TO 611IYWTEshypOV litKa ltjgtopas fltyalluTtpa TiS TOXUTlJTOS TaTTtLVwotWs Tiis oraSfIl~ Tiis 1I1f1lS v ( LX 3 )

Xpov0i Va TGX(Hl1C TamwWatwc

k limTTtpOToTlC

n fTOpWlict (n=n middot Q lv60o=f(k)

IXmiddot 3 H C1T69J OlSQTOC tvTOC TOU tTUXW-OTOC 2 I(OTl] niv TQxciav TOTTtiVWOLY TfJc crr69JJ1t nit ACI(6vT]C

Fig 3 Tl1e wafer evel in the fill of the dam 2 by drowdown

OTOV TO UIlLKOV tiS TOV aTTOLTOUfltvov ~aSfiov OUflTTUKVWOtWS litv [KaVOTToLfj Tijv 6VWTtpw OUVS~KlV liEOV vlL lIafl~avwvrOL fltrpa iKaVOTTOLlTLKfjs ciTToorpayylopoundws

ETTJ TOO TTpopll~flaTos Tiis avroxii~ tiS liLaTfIlOLV litv Ti9cTaL Sefla 6vamulcws TTLtocws TTOpWII KaS OOOV ~ tiS Ta UTTCPKCflcva ltjgtopTia 6ltjgttLllofltvI oTtPCOTTOIlOLS ouvrcAdTOL afltshyows ws tK Tiis u~lllii~ liLaTTcpaToTlJTos TOU UIILKOO (B8) OUTW MvaTm vlL StWPlSfj ws liuOflcv~S opLaK~ TTcplmwOLS tuora9cias ~ ulipaulILK~ 9paOolS ~ oltjgttLIIOflpoundl liLa fltv TO t~WTCPLKOV oWfia tis T~V ouvcxfj lil~Sl0lV TOO uliaTOS lil TOO TTUpfjVOS liLa lit TO tOWTtpL KOV ciS Tijv tVTOS aUTOU KaSuortpouoav orIt9f1lv TOU OliaTOS KOTa Tijv Toxdav TaTTtlvwOLv Tiis orIt9f1lS iiis IIIf1vlS (LX middot 3 ) OJ avwTtpw ouvTtlltoroJ uTTolloyj~oVTQL ~ItOtL Tiis TElIlKfjS aVToxiis TOU ulllKou TOU oWfiaToS aVTLOTlJpl~twS

3 Til lilil TOe oploKlIe 1TEpL1TTWOEle ouvij9IJ 1TElpllIlOTO Koj lIpoundTpiioELe de Tilv KCTOOKEUtlV

H dS liLtlTfIlOLV QVTOX~ TWV ulllKwv poundIvaI liuvaTOV va rrpooliLoPL09~ TTtLpaflaTLKWS tis Tijv KU~EIIlv TpLalovIK~S ouoKtuiis 6pKd ~ lioKLflaola Tiis liLaTfI~ocwS va ylVtTOL UTTO Tas llilas ouv~Kas WS KaJ tis TO ltjgtpItYfia Ai ouvSfjKal aUTm dVOL

I ) TporroS tKltjgtUyfjS TOU uliaTos

2) 6 MyoS Tiis flcyaJuTtpas TTpOS T~V flLKpoTtpav TltoLv ~

3 ) a[ TTapaflopltjgtwOtlS

H poundltjgtapfloy~ oflwS KaJ ~ lilaT~plOLS TWV OUV9lKWV TOUTWV KaTa TO TTdpafla TTapOUOlamiddot ~(t KaJ ~flcPOV 6K6f11 liuoKolI[as

E~ OUT~S TTPOtPXtTOL ~ 6volloolo laquoouvrtlltOTTlS liu ~v ToXtiOV TOTTtlVWOLV Tii~ IIlIIl~) 72TPHPO ( Drawdwn )Holmwv El~ T~V t~tTOOLV TOO OUVTElltoroO 6oltjgtolltlo~ 6V~KtL KO TplTlJ 6pLOK~ TTtpimwOLS KOT6 PRXOVIKWV T~V Ofolov 6 TTUp~V fXtL TTAtOV OTtptOTTOLI9fj Ka ltjgtopTI~tTOL liLa Tiis 6vwTaTlJS tmTptmfj~

OTa9f11S El~ auTijv lillitTOL ~ 6vollaola laquo oUVTtlltoTij~ TtIlLKiS 6vToX~S) (long term coefficient )

11 lW~lCl ~YllOTrJP~EW~

A[ tK TOO UIlLKOO TOO OIJflaTOS QVTLoTlJpl~tWS QTTOLTOUfltVOL fIlxaVLKa iliL6TlJTtS poundIVOL fl6vLflOS tUOTa9tla Ka u~1I1~ liLaTTtpOT6TlJ~

Eav TO ltjgtpayfla tlVOL OUflfltTpLK6v yivtTaL liLaKPLOLS fltTO~U TOU tOWTtpLKOO OWflaTO~ -TTpOS Tijv TTlltupav TfjS IIIf1vS - Ka TOU t~WTtPLKOO OWfiaTOSbullATTavTa litov va tuora90uv ti~ Tas TTlltupLKas mEOtLS TOO TTUp~VO~ w~ Ka ti~ Tas ulipooraTLK6sTO tOWTtpLKOV oWfia KaTaTTOVtiTOL liuofltvtOTtpWS KaTa T~V Taxtiav TOTTtlvWOLv Tiis JlflvIS middott aUTov TOV lIoyov TTpEmL va tlvOL liLaTTtpaT6v LUfIltjgtwvw~ lii TTpOS Ta tv LouIliit ( B12 ) Ka EII~tTlt ( B13 ) poundKTtlltoSEvTa TTtLpaflaTa TTPOTLJTTWV TTptTTtL ~ liLaTTtpaT6TlJS k va tlvOL TO 611IYWTEshypOV litKa ltjgtopas fltyalluTtpa TiS TOXUTlJTOS TaTTtLVwotWs Tiis oraSfIl~ Tiis 1I1f1lS v ( LX 3 )

Xpov0i Va TGX(Hl1C TamwWatwc

k limTTtpOToTlC

n fTOpWlict (n=n middot Q lv60o=f(k)

IXmiddot 3 H C1T69J OlSQTOC tvTOC TOU tTUXW-OTOC 2 I(OTl] niv TQxciav TOTTtiVWOLY TfJc crr69JJ1t nit ACI(6vT]C

Fig 3 Tl1e wafer evel in the fill of the dam 2 by drowdown

OTOV TO UIlLKOV tiS TOV aTTOLTOUfltvov ~aSfiov OUflTTUKVWOtWS litv [KaVOTToLfj Tijv 6VWTtpw OUVS~KlV liEOV vlL lIafl~avwvrOL fltrpa iKaVOTTOLlTLKfjs ciTToorpayylopoundws

ETTJ TOO TTpopll~flaTos Tiis avroxii~ tiS liLaTfIlOLV litv Ti9cTaL Sefla 6vamulcws TTLtocws TTOpWII KaS OOOV ~ tiS Ta UTTCPKCflcva ltjgtopTia 6ltjgttLllofltvI oTtPCOTTOIlOLS ouvrcAdTOL afltshyows ws tK Tiis u~lllii~ liLaTTcpaToTlJTos TOU UIILKOO (B8) OUTW MvaTm vlL StWPlSfj ws liuOflcv~S opLaK~ TTcplmwOLS tuora9cias ~ ulipaulILK~ 9paOolS ~ oltjgttLIIOflpoundl liLa fltv TO t~WTCPLKOV oWfia tis T~V ouvcxfj lil~Sl0lV TOO uliaTOS lil TOO TTUpfjVOS liLa lit TO tOWTtpL KOV ciS Tijv tVTOS aUTOU KaSuortpouoav orIt9f1lv TOU OliaTOS KOTa Tijv Toxdav TaTTtlvwOLv Tiis orIt9f1lS iiis IIIf1vlS (LX middot 3 ) OJ avwTtpw ouvTtlltoroJ uTTolloyj~oVTQL ~ItOtL Tiis TElIlKfjS aVToxiis TOU ulllKou TOU oWfiaToS aVTLOTlJpl~twS

3 Til lilil TOe oploKlIe 1TEpL1TTWOEle ouvij9IJ 1TElpllIlOTO Koj lIpoundTpiioELe de Tilv KCTOOKEUtlV

H dS liLtlTfIlOLV QVTOX~ TWV ulllKwv poundIvaI liuvaTOV va rrpooliLoPL09~ TTtLpaflaTLKWS tis Tijv KU~EIIlv TpLalovIK~S ouoKtuiis 6pKd ~ lioKLflaola Tiis liLaTfI~ocwS va ylVtTOL UTTO Tas llilas ouv~Kas WS KaJ tis TO ltjgtpItYfia Ai ouvSfjKal aUTm dVOL

I ) TporroS tKltjgtUyfjS TOU uliaTos

2) 6 MyoS Tiis flcyaJuTtpas TTpOS T~V flLKpoTtpav TltoLv ~

3 ) a[ TTapaflopltjgtwOtlS

H poundltjgtapfloy~ oflwS KaJ ~ lilaT~plOLS TWV OUV9lKWV TOUTWV KaTa TO TTdpafla TTapOUOlamiddot ~(t KaJ ~flcPOV 6K6f11 liuoKolI[as

126 AI (ull T~laquo nrpalaTLKijlaquo 6600 npooliop~oltva TLIQ dotpxovTa pound1laquo TOV unoAoy0I0v AAM Ka ) KaAuTt pa IcApoundTI tvolaquo +paYlaTolaquo lit v lipKE liv litv Utyxua lK TWV napashy l~flllllVTP~OCWV tnl Tijlaquo llilalaquo KaTaOKcuijlaquo npolaquo TOV OKonov TOOTOV Ii baarov +paYla npoypallaTI~cTO t V ouarlla Iup~ocwv TWV oU6ntpwv TlIotwv bull Kai TWV napal0pshy POIIVIIWV +WOtWV tv rij KaTaOKtufj TO onoiov tIlaquo KOeC arialiov +opTiocwlaquo ~ IIno+opTiotwlaquo naptshyXt T)v liuvaT6TTa tAtyxou TWV tpyaOTlpaKwv anOTtAC0laTWV Til onoia tXPlolonoshy~91oav 1iII TOV unoAoyol6v

31 nUp~Y

311 H 6PXnl 6YTX~

KaTIl T)v cllaquo T)v opaK~v llcpimwOlv Tijlaquo IIpXKijlaquo IIvToxijlaquo IIvTlOTOIxouoav 1i0KI~V TO 1i0KilO lilv anoarpayyi~tTa OUTt KaTa T)v Tpa~ovK~V +6pTLov 0 oOTt Kat KaTIl T~V np60etTov lI~ovK~v +6pTlov 0 - 0 (Deviator) KaTo T)v 1i0KI~V llapaltv TO OUOTIla KArOT6bull 0 llcpalaTlololaquo KaAtiTa aYYAOTI unconsotidatet undrained test (UU test) (IX ltI )

Ellv TO flia+olaquo dvalcni T~V OUIUKVWOV KtKOPCOltvov Tel IitlioKilalxouv T)v auT)v uypaoiav Kal TOV aho IidKTIv ll6pwv W t = arae ~ ypallal epauocwlaquo Iia Talaquo OAIKIIlaquo Tllotlaquo poundIva op~ovTia ( cu - +av0livl IIvToX~ pu = 0) (IX 4a) Ellpoundlliit lit al tvtpyol Tllopoundllaquo omiddot poundiva IIvc~opTITo TOU Icyteoulaquo TWV OAKwv TlIotwv 0 0 llpooliop0l0laquo TWV tvcpywv napaltrpwv p KQI cmiddot IInaTti 1i0KIIIlaquo Iio OOKIWV TWV OllOWVij uypaola W lilv dva araetpll ( 81 t) (IX ltI~ ) Ev TOUTOlaquo K~aTII T1)VK~aTOoKpoundualv tvolaquo +poYlaTolaquo poundIva anavla ~ tlltTtU~laquo KpoundKOPlOltVOU nupijvolaquo TouavTiov IIllo+cuyna a0T A6yt TOO t laquo Til laquovII tYKAcoltvou IItpolaquo aushy~ijotwlaquo Tijlaquo IIvToX~laquo KaTII rftv au~1ov TWV oAKwv TaotWv (IX ltly) KaTII T~V 1i 1I1~ Kt lCoptoltva tM+1 1i0KI~V It oAKolaquo ToOtlaquo napaAal~ov(Ta KaluAI Kal ouXI cu9tia 8pauol wlaquo (IX ltly ) 0 iv 1ilIoTIla 3 )UvaTOI auT vmiddot IIvTLKaTaara9ij Ii dedalaquo T6 Ityt90laquo TOU liaoT~ laTolaquo 3 t~apTaTa IIno TOV ~aelov KOpt0l0u S ( ) TOO UAKOO ~ H tu9tia TTapiXtl Talaquo +OIvoltvalaquo napaltrpoulaquo Pu Kal Cu

00 Tijlaquo ItTp1)otwlaquo Tijlaquo TTltOtwlaquo tT6pwv U KaTa T~V Tpa~ovK~V BAiallv TTapaAal~ovpoundTa tuetia opi~ouoa TIIlaquo 1Vtpyoulaquo nap0ltrpoulaquo p Kal cmiddot (IX 4Ii) Ev T06TOlaquo al tTPlOlaquo Tijlaquo TTli otwlaquo n6pwv ouvaVTO Kal ~I(POV aK611 liuoKoMalaquo (85 ) My1 TOU pound1laquo TlI llCtvll tYKAtolivou otpolaquo OOTlaquo KaTII alv oUlnltov tv It p(IiaMtTa tlaquo TO OIiwp Kal tv Itpt - aVaA6ywlaquo Tijlaquo lialltpaToTTolaquo TOU uAKou -- lia+(uyt tK TWV KCVWV ~

H avwTtpw IIKp~~laquo TO~v611olaquo TWV Tp6llWV 1i0Klillaquo 1iII TOV npooliopolov Tijlaquo apxshyKij laquo aVToxijlaquo litv npKti Iio T)v tKAOy~V TOO TTpoundlpolaTOlaquo AI 1i0KIai ltla Kal ltI~ XPloloshyoouvTa anavwTtpov 1i6TL o)lcpov IIlloltjlcuyovTa uAKa u1A~laquo nAaarK6TTolaquo ( TT ~ Xmiddot lipYAolaquo ) 1iII T~V KaTOOKtu al v TT Upl)VWV tvw T) 1i0KIII ltly tllltPKAtipoundllv np6a8tTov TTOOOOTOV ao+aAtlalaquo tTTl~apO vov TalV OiKovoliav TOU lpyou H 1i0KIal ltly TTPOOTT08tTl on ouliclla IInooTpayyolaquo (oTaeCpoTTOil0laquo) TOU uAKou Aal~aVt xwpav Ka apa Iia KtKOptOltvov uAKov l) TTitOlaquo n6pwv U 811 ~TO 101 npolaquo TO UllCPKtilcvov +OpT[OV Y ~ h tvw tK lupT)ocwv POKUTpoundI U = a ~ y h lvea a ( [ (llX- Anderson - Ranch - shyDa m U~5 A 5taudamm Roszhapten rcplav[a Kli ) TouTo IiCKVUt lITL tnijA8cv 1v Itpc OT(ptono[1olaquo TOU nupijvolaquo Ka ouvtnwlaquo aO~10laquo Tillaquo oVToxijlaquo aUTou pound1laquo 1iltITI1ov Elva npo+avtlaquo lin 0 paelolaquo OTtPWTTOl)OCWlaquo i~apTaTa ltmo Tllv liantpaT6TTO TOU UAKOU Kal TOV Xp6vov Tijlaquo KaTaoKtuij laquo npolaquo OiKOVO l KwTtpav Mov )UvaTa vII hTlshyAcoeij 1i0KIa) naptxouoa T) v ivtpyov nVTox~v ~ = cmiddot + 0 ~ ~Pp Iia TO ntpalaquo Tillaquo KaTaOKtu ij laquo TOU cjgtpawaTOlaquo KaTII TOV olloiov TO 1i0[Iov +opTi~na IIpXKwlaquo 1iII 0 ItXP artpcoTTol)OtW~ (IIvoKTOV oUOTIla ) KaT6TT1V lit a~av0ltll1laquo T~laquo npo08poundToU TaO(wlaquo 0 - 0 Kat ICTPalOCWlaquo TWV oulintpwv Tllocwv eM~poundTal H TaXuTIlaquo Tijlaquo au shy~l)Otwlaquo Tijlaquo npooetrou n10cwlaquo 0- 0 poundiva avoAoy0laquo ouvcnwlaquo KaTa rftv etwpiav arcshypconol)otwlaquo It TitV TaxuTTa Tij laquo KaTaOKtuijlaquo tvw ij llapaloval TOU ouoTallaTolaquo KApoundI shyarou ~ IIvoKou t1apTdTa lK T~laquo liampaT6TITOC TOU AKou Ka tno~tvwlaquo lK TWV XashypaKTIp~ouowv Ta uTIv iliOT~TWV ~ 0 llpoundlpalat ololaquo OUTOlaquo KaAtlTa uno TWV -AYYAwv

0 6pOJoC (COli n6pwvraquo potpxtTCU tK nr lLyvLlcilc 61o~Qcriat Por watrpressurraquo EIC Tta ycpav Ki)J ~tPoypQ+Q KaAdTQI laquoNeutral Spannungraquo ~TOI laquoou6rTtpa TOal~~

XApoundL010VTPIIIIO o~o~a~aallTIIWY y-anIOVIIWV OJ O~1 O 0 10-0

W pound =0 w Pu=o0 ~~~~~~~~-

0 o p

1

W EIOW

I C I

T 0

J 0 0

A-Pq1 -

o

IXmiddot AnoTC)fa~aTQ nc TPI~ovLlcilC 50KLJl~C U U 6U3

la ~ KpoundKOPpoundOJltVQ UAUltcl

Yo 15 JI~ l((I(opcOlltVQ 6)u(0 Fig 4 The results of the triaxial test UU for

ca cp saturated materials 4y 46 not saturated ~aterlals

consoliaatet test Ellv ~ raX(JlTIS cjgtopTlopoundwS 1511 0 - 0 Ka ~ l5aITpoundpaT6TT[S I5tv tmshyTptITOUV T~V ITpoundpaTtpw aTpoundPpoundOITO(TOV ITpOaTl8poundTUI tiS ~V 6volaolav ~ Itss undrained ( CU - test) MlwS ~ Itss drained (CD - test )

full KpoundKOppoundoltva IKa wS Ka l5a I~ KpoundKoppoundoltva Ta 6IToia Koptvvuvra KaTa T~V 150shyKI~V TpoundXVlTWS - (IT aUTou ea y(vlJ MyoS apy6Tpoundpov - OUIIT(TTTOUV a ypalla epaLrshyopoundwS WS I5dKvura UITO TOU Eishop ( B2 ) (LX 5 )

Kal KaT aUTOV 0lwS TOV Tp6ITOV TOU ITpoundlpalanolou I5tv dvUI l5uvaTov va epoundwpleouv wS UKpPdS allpoundTp~opoundlS TWV mtopoundwv IT6pwv bull

bull AI mlatLlt n6pwv 6la~tpouv Kon3 JlfJKOC TOU JlpoundY6gtou a~ovoC TOU 60KLJllou Oe tK TOUTOU ~ npaYllaTLI(~

nkOu n6pwv 6toJ v 6va~rl1ilTal 610 TOU IlnpflTOO de nlv tm~6v(lav 6IaTIl~Ocwlt i]nc 0llwC npo TC 60middot Kill cIVQI lIYIJwarot

XApoundL010VTPIIIIO o~o~a~aallTIIWY y-anIOVIIWV OJ O~1 O 0 10-0

W pound =0 w Pu=o0 ~~~~~~~~-

0 o p

1

W EIOW

I C I

T 0

J 0 0

A-Pq1 -

o

IXmiddot AnoTC)fa~aTQ nc TPI~ovLlcilC 50KLJl~C U U 6U3

la ~ KpoundKOPpoundOJltVQ UAUltcl

Yo 15 JI~ l((I(opcOlltVQ 6)u(0 Fig 4 The results of the triaxial test UU for

ca cp saturated materials 4y 46 not saturated ~aterlals

consoliaatet test Ellv ~ raX(JlTIS cjgtopTlopoundwS 1511 0 - 0 Ka ~ l5aITpoundpaT6TT[S I5tv tmshyTptITOUV T~V ITpoundpaTtpw aTpoundPpoundOITO(TOV ITpOaTl8poundTUI tiS ~V 6volaolav ~ Itss undrained ( CU - test) MlwS ~ Itss drained (CD - test )

full KpoundKOppoundoltva IKa wS Ka l5a I~ KpoundKoppoundoltva Ta 6IToia Koptvvuvra KaTa T~V 150shyKI~V TpoundXVlTWS - (IT aUTou ea y(vlJ MyoS apy6Tpoundpov - OUIIT(TTTOUV a ypalla epaLrshyopoundwS WS I5dKvura UITO TOU Eishop ( B2 ) (LX 5 )

Kal KaT aUTOV 0lwS TOV Tp6ITOV TOU ITpoundlpalanolou I5tv dvUI l5uvaTov va epoundwpleouv wS UKpPdS allpoundTp~opoundlS TWV mtopoundwv IT6pwv bull

bull AI mlatLlt n6pwv 6la~tpouv Kon3 JlfJKOC TOU JlpoundY6gtou a~ovoC TOU 60KLJllou Oe tK TOUTOU ~ npaYllaTLI(~

nkOu n6pwv 6toJ v 6va~rl1ilTal 610 TOU IlnpflTOO de nlv tm~6v(lav 6IaTIl~Ocwlt i]nc 0llwC npo TC 60middot Kill cIVQI lIYIJwarot

28 rpoundVIKW 6OvoToI vii )poundX9ij bTl oi 6ui T~V tKTilllalv Tij TTpoYIIOTlKij Tllliie Tfie mtapoundwe TTOpWV poundKTpound)oulIpoundvOI tpYOaTlPIOKO 60K11l0 6EV QVTlTTpOaWTTpounduouV GKolIl T~V )TPOYIIOshyTlKTiV KOTaaTOalV we de TO TTpOe KOTQaKEU~V cjgtPOYIiO H TTPOYIIOTlKTi KOTOaTOal ~TOI ~oI~IW 6 ~09I1o KoppoundafloO ~ aTpoundppoundoTTOilale KOTovolI~ Taapoundwv ot TTOPoflopcjgtwapoundle KIi 60- pnXOVllWVVOVTOI 116vov XOV6pIKWe vii tKTlIIl90uv

IX 5 H aUyl(plol~ fWV 60KIIICW CU Ka CD (Bishop) Fig 5 The comparison of the CU -and CO- tesf ( BIshop)

Olhw ~ EKTIIIlale TOu IIEyt90ue TWV TTIpoundapoundwv TTOpWV 6~1 TOV uTTO)0YIOIiOV TOO CJUVTpound)poundshyaTOU Oacjgto)poundlo UTTOKpoundITOI KOt de T~V Kpialv TOU 1Ipound)nlTou

H lJTTapxouCJo PP)loypocjgtio TTOptXpound1 Qcjgt90vlov IInpl)CJpoundwv TWV mtCJ(WV TTOpWV poundI cjgtpa YIIOTO KOTOCJKEUOCJ9tVTO de TTo))a OlJIIpoundio nie Yiie toil nie aUYKpiCJEW TWV tpyoCJTT POKWV OTTOTpound)(CJIIOTWV lit Tae II(TpCJEle TQUTQe we KOt 6a TOU TTopo))l)ICJlloU TWV yEWshycjgtUalKWV XOpOKTlJplaTlKWV Ko91arOToI ~ fKTI~lal TOU IItyt90ue TWV TTI(CJ(WV TTOpWV poundUmiddot KO)WTtpO

H 6a TTiV lIVWTtpW lIYTOXTiV 6oKlIoCJioY ilvnCJTOIX(i poundI TO CU - test To 60KIIloV cjgtop TI~poundTO KOTa TpOTTOY QVQAOYOY TTpO Tile KOTOTTOVljCJEle TOO tv tVEpytil EUPCJKollt vou cjgtpaYlloTo fl t XP aT(PWTTOIljCJEW (QVOIKTOY CJUCJTlJflO) KOTOmv 6t iITTOcjgtOpT I~poundTO d TOCJEI lIvo)6you TTpO Tile KOTOTTOYljCJEI TOO cjgtpOYIIOTO IInil TO TTtpO nie TOTTtlVWCJ(W ni CJT0911le tv K)(lCJT4gt KOt 60KlIalpoundT01 poundI e)i~v ~Tle )0Il~OVtI xwpOV poundTTiCJl tv K)(IshyaTgt (IX 6 )

g F I- o

gt o

IXmiddot 6 TPI~OC1 60KIllit CU 610 n) TQXdQ TOTTtiYWOIV

Fig 6 Trlo)(ial CU - lesl for drawdown

TJlnpo nOAmKWV pnXllVIKWV

KaTa Tllv bOKlflaolav TaUT1)V 9poundwppoundiTaI rrup~v Kai ouvpoundrrw~ TO bOKifllOV KpoundKOpt0fltvov 729

Eav KOPpoundOflO~ btv trTlTuyxavpoundTaI bla TIt~ bOKlflaola~ Prodor btov va KOptVVUTaI TO bOKlfllOV TpoundXVlTW~ JI UAIKa U~lA~~ blaTTpoundpaTOTl)TO~ EltjgtapflO~poundTaI Errl TOU bOKlfliou urroshyTTIpoundOI~ ~TlS avappoltjgtii- TOV poundis Ta Kpoundva lmapXOVTa acpa Kai TTAlpoi TaUTa bl ubaTOS tvw bl UAIKa xafllA~S blaTTpoundpaTOTl)TOS lltjgtapfl0~poundTaI ubpauAIK~ TTIpoundaLS tTTI TOU bOKlfllou ~ns blaAUpound1 TOV dS Ta Kpoundva UTTapXOVTa atpa tVTOS TOU GbaTOSmiddot Kal tvw ~ TTPWTl) fltBoboS tltjgtapflO~poundTa tflTTpoundIPIKWS bla ~V bWTtpav poundIvaI buvaTOS UTTOAOYIOflOS T~S avaYKaias ubpauAIK~~ mtopoundws TTPOS KOPpoundOflOV TOU bOKlfliou KaTa Huder (B10 ) ioXUpound[

1-S UO = Po S H (3)

lv8a Uo = - ubpauAIK~ TTIpoundaLS Po = ~ apx IK~ rrieolS

S =pa8f1os KOpWflOU H = 6 OUVTpoundApoundcm)S aTToppoltjgt~opoundwS Kella TOV Henry (002 bla 8epfloKpaoiav

bWflaTlou ) H bWTtpa fll90boS KopwfloU poundIVai YVWOTll wS Back - Pressure - Method

EK TItS bOKlflaoia~ CU - test MVaVTaL va tppounduvl80uv ai ltjgtalvofleval (Pc CC) ~ Kal al tvepyol TTapciflpoundTpOI (p c) H fliTplolS T~~ mtopoundw~ rropwv u gewppoundiTal - wS avashyltjgttpeTal Kal tv sect 311 - WS fI~ iKavoTTollTlK~ EKTOS TOlJTOU btov va TUXIJ T~~ TTpOOOX~S

6 MyoS TWV Tciapoundwv ~I- KaTa ~v 9Al~IV TOO OOKlfllou blon wS EbdX9l urro TOU Bishopcr (B2) KaTa TllV 9Ai~IV nlv rr~oepxofltvlv EK TIts au1~apoundws T~S fIpoundyaAuTcpas Kupias Toapoundws cr buydpovTallv T bOKlfllltjl mtaelS rropwv u blaltjgttpouoQl TWV mtapoundwv TTOpWV KaTa ~v eAi~lv EK TItS tAaTTwopoundws T~S fllKpoTlpas Kupias TQOpoundWS a ( LX 7 )

0 J--- u

(

1-shy u --I o0

o

IXmiddot 1 At TTCpo~tTPOI Tijc 6VTClXi1c dC 6uampT~lal t~QPTWVTQI b TOU 0t0u TWY I(uplwy ToOlWY (fl a~

fig The lihear -strength- pOrQmeler~ Qre depenued on she quotient 0 Ihe principal tresses a 1 a

TJlnpo nOAmKWV pnXllVIKWV

KaTa Tllv bOKlflaolav TaUT1)V 9poundwppoundiTaI rrup~v Kai ouvpoundrrw~ TO bOKifllOV KpoundKOpt0fltvov 729

Eav KOPpoundOflO~ btv trTlTuyxavpoundTaI bla TIt~ bOKlflaola~ Prodor btov va KOptVVUTaI TO bOKlfllOV TpoundXVlTW~ JI UAIKa U~lA~~ blaTTpoundpaTOTl)TO~ EltjgtapflO~poundTaI Errl TOU bOKlfliou urroshyTTIpoundOI~ ~TlS avappoltjgtii- TOV poundis Ta Kpoundva lmapXOVTa acpa Kai TTAlpoi TaUTa bl ubaTOS tvw bl UAIKa xafllA~S blaTTpoundpaTOTl)TOS lltjgtapfl0~poundTaI ubpauAIK~ TTIpoundaLS tTTI TOU bOKlfllou ~ns blaAUpound1 TOV dS Ta Kpoundva UTTapXOVTa atpa tVTOS TOU GbaTOSmiddot Kal tvw ~ TTPWTl) fltBoboS tltjgtapflO~poundTa tflTTpoundIPIKWS bla ~V bWTtpav poundIvaI buvaTOS UTTOAOYIOflOS T~S avaYKaias ubpauAIK~~ mtopoundws TTPOS KOPpoundOflOV TOU bOKlfliou KaTa Huder (B10 ) ioXUpound[

1-S UO = Po S H (3)

lv8a Uo = - ubpauAIK~ TTIpoundaLS Po = ~ apx IK~ rrieolS

S =pa8f1os KOpWflOU H = 6 OUVTpoundApoundcm)S aTToppoltjgt~opoundwS Kella TOV Henry (002 bla 8epfloKpaoiav

bWflaTlou ) H bWTtpa fll90boS KopwfloU poundIVai YVWOTll wS Back - Pressure - Method

EK TItS bOKlflaoia~ CU - test MVaVTaL va tppounduvl80uv ai ltjgtalvofleval (Pc CC) ~ Kal al tvepyol TTapciflpoundTpOI (p c) H fliTplolS T~~ mtopoundw~ rropwv u gewppoundiTal - wS avashyltjgttpeTal Kal tv sect 311 - WS fI~ iKavoTTollTlK~ EKTOS TOlJTOU btov va TUXIJ T~~ TTpOOOX~S

6 MyoS TWV Tciapoundwv ~I- KaTa ~v 9Al~IV TOO OOKlfllou blon wS EbdX9l urro TOU Bishopcr (B2) KaTa TllV 9Ai~IV nlv rr~oepxofltvlv EK TIts au1~apoundws T~S fIpoundyaAuTcpas Kupias Toapoundws cr buydpovTallv T bOKlfllltjl mtaelS rropwv u blaltjgttpouoQl TWV mtapoundwv TTOpWV KaTa ~v eAi~lv EK TItS tAaTTwopoundws T~S fllKpoTlpas Kupias TQOpoundWS a ( LX 7 )

0 J--- u

(

1-shy u --I o0

o

IXmiddot 1 At TTCpo~tTPOI Tijc 6VTClXi1c dC 6uampT~lal t~QPTWVTQI b TOU 0t0u TWY I(uplwy ToOlWY (fl a~

fig The lihear -strength- pOrQmeler~ Qre depenued on she quotient 0 Ihe principal tresses a 1 a

730

xpcivos KashytOOKruJis KAELOlOV ouo tTjIUl

0

~pound1a njv Imiddot a~tjJWOL S t1j~ )(a1aOKEU- ota-ll1]s ~V I dVOIK16V aVO()10V 0 U 0 11]1Jl OU011]I1Cl

taxEia lanpoundLVWshyOL~ Tlls 01a-lfl1l~

I )~EW16V ouonwa

Id

1110 111ITIIWI o o POIOIIIIII

0 qu 0t

IX 8 0 tpyacTFlpIQJ(6lt rrpoo610pKrlJot nc napojJtTpoU 8 lila TTl Toxdoy TorrdwOLV (~p6yJ1o nlcloO) Fig 8 The laboratory test for the determInation 01 drawdown parameter B ( Peneos-Oam )

npO~ OUYKPIOIV TWV napaooxwv Ollt Til ~tYESO~ TOU )oyou ~ OIEVEpYOUVTaI w~ tAtshyer X8~ tv sect 3 tTTI no)wv cjgtpay~IITwv TTapa)ijAw~ TTpO~ TQ~ ~ETpijOEI~ TWV TTltOEWV TT6pwv ~tTpijotl~ TWV napa~opcjgtwotWv

Alit njv TTapaOOX)V TOU ~tytSou~ Tii~ TTltOtW~ n6pwv poundIS TOV tK aUVtKTlKOU AIKOU Tllshy~Ta TOU cjgtpdy~aTos nflVtlOU HAtlalt avtmuxST TTO TOU H Breth ( B7 ) dOIK) OOK~) [xouaa ~aolv T)V t~lowolv TOU Bishop ( B2 ) Ala Tit tv sect 21 oE60~tva loxutI

( 4 ) lvSa

u = ~ TTltOl~ TT6pwv (ITIt T)V Taxpoundlav Tantlvwolv ) U u = ~ apXK~ TTltOI~ n6pwv (npo T~~ TaXtlaS TantlVWOEW~ ) to = ~ njv U KaTa tu ~tTapa))ouoa Taol~ B = ouvTt)tOnj~ TOU Bishop

H t~lowOI~ ( ) 66flYEi Ei~ njv aKOAouSoV ntlpalaTlK)V tcjgtaploy)v (LX 8)

APXIKW~ tKTlIQTal It ~aOlv Tit xapaKTflplOTIKa TOU UAIKOU Kai TOV OUVTE)EOnjV OUOE-

TtpaS w8ijotw~ 6 lI6yoS TWV TaoEwv ~ 1S0ns Kal tcjgtapI6~ETal tnl TOU 60KI~lou KaTI 0

njv olapKtaV Tiis KaTaOKtu~S napaltvt T6 oUCTTflla K)tIOTOV tvw IETO 11)v KaTaOKtU~v Kal KaTI njv dvuljIwov Tijt CTTa81flS poundIva avolKT6v KaTo T)V avuljlwOIv Tij~ CTTa81flS Aalpavtl xwpav UlSPOOTaTlK) cjgt6pTlOlS TOU 60KIIIou tVTo~ Tij~ Itl~pavfl~ tv ~ tupishyOKtTaI KaTa r)v Taxtiav TaTTtlvwolV T~~ CTTaelfl~ K)tiETa To oUOTflla Kai naut vii tntshy

TPIIIIO IWTlIWV bullnXDVlKWV

VEpyij ~ OipOOTaTlK~ niEOI~ Ot Xp6VOl tlETO~Ohij~ Tij~ +opTiaEW~ Onohoyi~oVTOI ~6apoundl 73

Tij~ 8(wpia~ aTEpEonOlf)aEW~ TOU Terzaghi Ka8 OhlV T~V ilapKElav TOU npoundlpatloTO~ yivETm tltTplal~ Tij~ mtaEw~ n6pwv OUTW~ WaTE ava nnaov tlETa~h~V TWV T6aEWV va dvm buvaTO~ 0 unOhOYlatlo~ TOO aUVTEAEaTOO B Ioyw Tii~ auvapTf)aEw~ TOU B tlpound nOhhOU~ napoyovTa~ XpE IO~ETm npoaox~ tnl TWV iEshyIiotl t vwv Kal aKplp~~ auaxETlatl0~ aUTWV tlETa TWV oYVWaTWV w~ 6 6yo~ TWV TaaEwv Kal ai tlETapohal aUTwv

l I3 H uAIKiI 6VTDxfJ

H lila TOV npoabloplatl0V Tij~ T(hIKij~ aVToxij~ iOKltl~ OVTlaTOIXEl d~ TO CD - test Kal d~ Tf)v iOKltl~V TauTTJv tcjaaTnTal ~ npoaox~ tnl TOO TEXVlTOU KOPEOtlOU TOU iOKltliou tcf oaov TOUTO btv KoptvvuTm OUTE KaTa Tf)v autlnuKvwalv OUTE Kal KaTa Tf)v aTEpEoshynO[lalv (IX 5 ) H iOKltl~ aUTTJ 8EwpEiTal w~ ~ aacjgtahpoundaTtpa OhWV OVTlaTOIXOOaa d~ Tf)v TpoundAIK~V KaTOaTamV KaTa Tf)v ono[av TO unEpKpounditlpoundvov cjgt0pT[OV cjgttpETm tl6vov uno Tij~ KOKKOi0tlij~ TOU UAIKOU (p Kal C )

H iOKltl~ laquo CD raquo npoKpoundltltvou nEpl 0PYlhIKWV UhIKWV napoumo~poundI TO tlElovtKTTJtla Tf~ tlpoundytthOU Xp6vou ilapKE[Q~ TOO nElp0tlaTO~ waTE va tmTuYXOVETm nAijpl~ imOaTpoyylal~ TOU iOKlfllou ilhai~ va tl~ avamuaaETm n[(a l~ n6pwv tv TQ ioKqli~ To flpoundIOVEKTTJtla TOOTO (i~ Tf)v npn~lv avmpEi TO 8EwplnKOV nAEovtKTTJtla Tij~ ilKPlppoundaTtpa~ tlETpi]apoundw~ TWV p Ka c Kal nEplop[~poundI My~ TOU K6nou Kal TOU Xpovou Tii~ npoundpaTwapoundw~ TWV ioshyKltlWV TOV ilpl9tlOv rwvioKlfl[WV

~iTEIi~ KaTa Tf)v TEhIK~V aVTOXTJV EXpound aUVTEhEa8ij ~ aTEppoundonO[lal~ TOO UhIKOU a tv TQ ~py~ mtaEI~ n6pwv onou TmauTOI tflcjgtavl~ovTal npotpxoVTm floVOV tK TOO illJ80ushytltvou ~ UrnPKEltltvOU ~PEflOOVTO~ iliaTo~ Kal apa ouipoundfl[av axtmv EXOUV np6~ Til~ tVTO~ iOKltllwv KaTa Ta~ tpyaaTTJPlaKa~ iOKlflil~ ilvamuaaofltva~ mtapoundl~ n6pwv (B4)

H tlAtTTJ TWV mtapoundwv aUTwv KaTa TOV unoAoYlaflov TOO aUVTEhpoundOTOU ilacjgtahpoundia~ iIEVEPshyyEiTOI lla8lJflaTlKW~ axpoundilaaTIKW~ ~ Kal tnl ~AEKTPIKWV ~ uipauAIKWv nponjnwv ~oaEI Tij~ 8Ewplas TWV iuvalllKwv powv (IX 9 )

I I I

~ lt I lt ~ l ~ IX 9 ALKTOWIoO PoTt 6Ll90ulotllt 610 TOO paYIJQTot KQI uTTo)0YICJIl6c ~C mia(wc n6pw Fig 9 Seepage flow net and calculaflon of he pore -waler- pressure

J1 lQ~a IlVTL1pl~w~

0 TTpoailoplallo~ Tf~ ilVTOXij~ TOO UAIKOO lila TO aWlla ilvnaTTJpl~Ew~ i1poundvEpyEiTm tnlshyOTJ~ d~ TPla~OVIKa~ Ku~tha~ H tmTuyxav0tlivl aVTOX~ ilVTlaTOIXri poundl~ Tf)v TEhIKf)V ilon TO UhlKOV dval ilaTTpoundpaTov Kal w~ tK TOUTOU itv ilJtlloupyEi np6pAlfla mtaEwlt TT6pwv TO aUOTTJtla TTapafltvpound1 KaTa Tf)v iOKlfl~v ilVOIKTOV (drained - test ) H po~ TOO UiaTo~ ila tliaou TOO aWflaTo~ ilvnOTTJP[~poundw~ iltypoundippound we Kal tl~ TOV TTupijva ouipoundshyTtpae TOapounde 0 unoAoYIOflO~ alJTWV ipoundiKVUTaI d~ TO IX 9

4 nopoTIJpftaw bTl TWV KUplWTtpWV AtXPI atiAEpov IilOTUTTW9tVTWV 6plshyaAwv TaU aUVTEEaTou 60+0pound10lt ~VOVTl 9pouaEwlt

H hUO~ TOU TTpophfltlaTo~ pounduaTaepoundia~ tv Tij Eiacjgt0tllJxavIKij ilTTami tHpoundi~pound ilKPI~V fllJxavlKwv xapaKTlJplanKwv de Tf)v thaaTlK~V TTpoundPIOXf)V Tf)v tltT08poundQIV TOV TTpoPhfltlltlTOe de T~V oplaK~v TTpoundpIOX~V 8pauapoundw~ (IX 10 )

12 lI~ n)v P[~tTTJv TOU aUVTt~[aTO da+o~doe ~VOVTI 8poua[we TTpOVWV ylVHOI TT[pOlTfpw aTT~OTTOilOle TOU aKovovlaTOU 5yKou Tije auv~8we TOmKWe pound1+OVI~OptVllt o~Ia9~a[we tie KOVOVIKOV 5yKOV KOTO~0IPaVOVTO TO TTpOVEe K08 O~OV TO p~KOe OlJTO Ev TT[PITTTWshyatt PMOKOU UTT[Ii6+0Ue 51tPX[TOl ~ m+aV[IO 0~Ia8~a[We Kol UTTO TOV TT650 TOO TTpOshyvoiie H aUVl8[aTtpo pOp+~ tm+ovtioe o~Ia9~a[We TTpoatyyi~[I TijV KU~IV5pIK~V npOe TOOTO pound~Ha~HOI tm+aV[IO KOTa TO~OV KUK~OU ITTOVIWT[PO pound+OPI0~0ltVl TTpoatyylOle 510 ~OYOPl9PIK~e pound~IKOe (Rendulic) 051]yti tie P[yo~uTtpoue aUVT[~poundmfle a+oshy~tioe Ele d51Kde TT[pITTrWaEle auv9ta[we 510TOp~r vor +p6ypOTOr ~ TTpOVOUr KOTa Tar OTTO lor tp+OVI~OVTOI aTpWaEle xopl]~ijr aUV[KTlKOTI]TOe ij aTpWaElr 51 wv 511]9[iToI u5wp 51]~o5~ aTpwa[Ie XOfll~oTtpoe aVTOxiie tlr 516TII]alv TTpoa+tp[TOI ~ E+oppoy~ Tije T[8~oafltvI]e (Terzaghi ) ij Kol Tije Tuxouallt pop+iie poundm+[vtioe (Jonbu) Ko90shyPl~ofltvI]e EK TWV aTpWa[WV oiJTwv Eav tie 51a 50epoundllr tm+ovtioe 6pI~op[VOe oyKoe [UaTOeij (IX 10) oi 5pwaol ouvalpoundIe TTPO[PXOP[VOI poundK TOU loiou p6poue ij KOlts i~shyhWV Em5p6a[wv wr dvol ETTI TTopootlypon 6 apoundlaloe TTOPohOflP6vovTOI UTTO TWV OUVQshyflpoundwv avnop6a[We TOU uhlKOU

IX 10 0 6pla~o~ S laopponfoc we tsplOV ~TO~U Tf)c oOUTIKijc Kot Tile nOQTIKic mp1oxils Fig 10 The determInation of the equilibrium as a limit between the eJastlc and the plastic

range

0 avwTtpw OYKOe [UplaKHoI EV laoppoTTIi xwplr 0lwe OUTI] va dpKij 010 TOV UTTOhOYshyalov TOU Olopolpoalou TWV TQa[WV tTTI Tiie KUhlVliplKije tm+ovtloe Ai T6a[Ie [plaKOVshyTOI de Tijv thOaTIK~V TT[PlOX~V tic T~V oTToiov OUVOVTOI va TTPOypOTOTTOIl]80uv iTT[IPOI KUKhOl TWV Kuplwv T6a[WV (IX 10) T6 TTpOPhl]l0 tlvol aTOTlKWe aopaTov Kol po81]shyponKWe iihUTOV Eav opwe 0 avwTtpw 5yKor e[wpl]8fj tie OplOK~V laoppoTTlov ~ +0shyV[IO pHopoMHOl OUT0I0TWe de t+OVpoundIOV ohae~aEWe lIa T~V KOT6aTOalV TOUTTJV laxupoundI ~ auVefJKI) 9poua[we

T = c +an t+p ( 2) AUTI] TTPOypOTOTTolpoundiToI 01 tvoe wplaptvou KUKhOU Kupiwv rOa[wv Ai TOa[le tTTI Tijr KUhlVopIKije tm+ovdoe OUVOVTOI va UTTohoYlaeOuv To TTp6Phl]pO tlvOl aTOnKWe wplaltvov Kol p08lflOTlKWe hUTOVH l[htTTJ Tije iaoppoTTloe TWV OUVOP[WV OI[VtpytiTOI avoMywc TTpOe T~V auv9[alv Tije TOpije TOU rrpovoOe tiTt de hwplooe tie Tar oTToioe XWpl~HOI 0 ohlaeoivwv IIYKoe [TTt tie OhOKhl]POV TOV IIYKov EK TWV aVWTtpW TTpOKUm[ OTI ~ ppoundhpoundTTJ TOU aUvTth[aTOu oa+oMioe tvoe oyKou [UPshyaKoptvou tv [uaTd9d opoundv tlvol OUVOTfJ d p~ povov tav 0 oyKoe OUTOe 9[wpl]9ij Ohlshy

0 6KPI~C 6LajJolpao~6c TWV r6acwIJ tn-l Tic l(u~Lv6plicijc b+ovc(oc xp1i~u oUvellKWV nQPo~op+woc~ AushyTelL 6 IIMC IJil JlCTOPtV)OUOQI TlpaKTlK~ TO 6TlOTtMa~Q TTapa)[(TTOVTQI

TlIlPO OOAITIKWV pnXOVlKWV

aeoivwv OOTWlt WerrE va Elvo tcjgtopIOOIOlt ~ OUV9~K1 9pOUOEWlt H VO1T1 rrpOYloTOshy 733 rrol1olt ne bpOK~lt laopporrlolt poundVOlt I~ OA0901vovTOlt 0YKOU OUVElTaYETO nv fETO~OshyA~V wPOltvwv IEYE9wv liErrOVTWv illv looppoTTiov EK TOO Tporrou T~e IETO~OA~C TOUshyTTe rrpo~A9ov 01 liulcjgtopo opolot TOO OUVTEAWTOO uocjgtoAdoe Oihw KOTa Frohlich ( B9 ) VOEiTa poundTTEVEpyOUOO trrt TOO 0YKOU Iio TTpoo9ETOe po~ ~ne cjgttpE OUTOV de njv KaTaOTaOV opaK~e toopporrlae 0 OUVTEAEOne aocjgtaAdae oplSna EK TOO Myou TWV porrwv

f = _M[v9a ( 1 ) M

M = POTTyt cjgttpouoa TOV OYKOV d~ KaToOTaOlv opaK~e toopporrlae M = po~ ililou Papoue ~ Kat QAAWV poundlTllipwowv (~WTEPKWV liUVOIEWV

KaTa TOUe opOloue TOU Fellenius (A2) Kal Taylor (A4) Tl9ETa we Puoe ~ KaToshyOTaOle EUOTa9dae Oe OUVTEAWne aocjgtaAdae opiSETa 0 ap9loe oone Iiapwv TOe tK T~e TTpoundlpalanK~e 6)ou rrpOEpXOltvae Kat poundie nv 6paK~V TTEplmwov aVTlOTOXOuoae napalhpoue po Kat 00 lilliE TOe Iio T~V ioopporriav EUOTa9dae urraTou Itvae rrapaltshyTpOU e pe Kat Ce KaTa Fellenius iOXlJEl

co =-Ce

Kat KaTO Taylor

f =- ~ = ~~ e CI~

To YEyovoe on urropxouv TTEp006TpoundPO opolot Iia TOV ouvnAEOTytv aocjgtaAdae EVaVTl 9pauoEWe TTpavOOe ciTTOTEAEi civEKa9Ev ciltPoPI~v Iiacjgtwvlae we rrpoe nv tKAOYytV TOO apoloO Kai cjgtUOlKO we rrpoe TOV rrpooliopolOV liaOTaOEWV TOO cjgtpOYlaTOe

To aTToTEAEolaTa UTTOAOYOlwv liEVEPY19tVTwV PaOE TWV avwTtpw oPolwv Iiacjgttshypouv IETa~u TWV xwpie 0lwe Kai poundV (~ aUTWV va poundIVai ptpaov on rrpooEyylSE rrEposhyOOTEpOV TWV QAAWV de TOV rrpaYlanKov ouvnAEanjv llocjgtaAdae TOU ~Pyou

H IlVOYK1 TOO Ka90pol00 (VOe (vaiou opoloO Iio TOV urrOAOYolOv TOU OUVTEAEOTOO llocjgtaAdae liEKvunal t~ QHou Kai de TO laquoiTw9 TTap6)EYIa (LX II )

Oa aUYlaTw(Ja PlipOUf Rt auvlarwaa TPIPi~

C auYOX~

0 aUYTLALaTtc lIa+aAdot tVOVTI bAoampfashyaCWt 6UVOTOI va h+pooei

r _ l+ C Go

Rt f = G~ _ C

II = __C_ G - Itt

IXmiddot II TpdC Tp6rrol TTpoa6loplo~OU TOU aUYTCAcaTOU aa+aAdac

Fig 11 Three manners to determine the sofefy fodor

ETTt tvoe KEKAltvou tTTlTT(liou ~PEIEt oWla trrt TOO oTToiou trrEvEpyd TO popoe Kat IlvnshyVEPYOOV ~ TPPlt Ka ~ ouvoxlt KaTo Ta OEKvu0IEva urrapxouv TpEle liuvaT0TTTEe Iia (ov

dplotJdy TOO OUYTlt)ltOTOii doa)da~ (II r I) n Tpla ilTTcn)totJaTa lilatpcuY tJltTa~U TWY ~~IIUlVKaTII TIl Tlt)wTQia hI ~PXIOltY ty rpoundPtJaylI ~ TTPOltTOltJaola KaYCYI0tJWY lilll TOY lJTTC)CYIshyOtJOY TOU OUYTlt)ltOToii 1I0a)da~ ~yaYTI 9pauopoundw~ TTpayWv H TTPCOCX~ TWY tJpound)poundTl]TWY pnlDVllUlV tOTPell TTpO~ TOY OplOtJOY TCU Fellenius

5 nopallpoundlYlio UTTC)CYIOIICO TOO aUVTt)taTcO ila+o)toij haVTI ICOTC)Ia9fyshyatwij

MpoundTa TO TTtpa~ T~~ KaTaOKW~~ tYO~ pelytJaTC~ ( IX I) ) Kalo)iyoy TTpO ~~ dyu+Wopoundw~

T~~ OTel9tJ ~~ )[tJYI]~ ttJltTp~B] tj~ TOY TTUp~ya TTIpoundOIS TTOpWY iOl] TTpO~ TO~tJIOU TCU TTtPKtlfltyOU pelPCU~ TCG OUtJTTpoundTTUKYWtJtyCU )IKOG 0 l)poundyxo~ TOU OUyn)poundOTCU oashy)poundias )Ia ~Y KaTelOTaOlY TaUTI]Y liIpoundYlpy~B] PelOtl TWY Ii I t pya 0 T I] P I a K W Y Ii 0shy

K I tJ W Y TT P 0 0 Ii I 0 P I 0 9 t lOW V TT a p a tJ t T P WY p = 16deg Kal c = 06 [Xy I tK ) lila TOY TTupqya (U)IKOY 1 ) Kal p = 40 lila TO oWfia dYTlOTl]pi~twS ()IKOY 2 ) npo~ TeUTe txwploB] d lila Ku)iYlipou 6pl~6f1poundYes (YKC~ d~ )wpllia~ H tJlt)tTl] Kaj OllYshy9lt01~ TWY tUyaflpoundwV tTTI tKaOTl]S )wpilieS tytYltTe paotl T~~ tJt96lieu TeG Krey ( 86 ) (IX 12) tvw lilo ~Y oepperrlay TWY liuYeltJpoundwy KaTa ~v 6plaK~Y rrltpITTTwoIY tTl]p~B] d 6ploflo~ TeU Fellenius

r

2

I- b -12

- hJJ

_ --I_YV3wp

IX

1

v

3

bUV6J1I[It tv~pYoUaol tnl T1tc )wpl6cK

5LOV p6p~ G = r - b - b

T = N~p + c lvea

N = N+U C=c-I U = u-I

b1 = -shy

aua

bLO Til laopporr[ov de 11) 6ltu9umv V tax IV=O

G = U - aua + Nbullbull + N~p - ~ + C - ~+

+ I E-E) - ~~ Etl - Eo d u d~)1jdlX =0

bIQ Til loopponiov TWV POnWv laxucl

MI = Mt

EO middot laquo= lT middot r lv811 (1 ~ r ~J4

1 G - r - ~ = 1 ( Nmiddotraquo + C 1 - r

1y _ It _ b ~ _ l b ( Y bull h - u + c - ~p ) bull I r- 1~ + auva bull II P

EX 12 H ampvaAUTlICfJ It8060c TOO Krey fig 12 The onolyllcol method of Kry

0 aUVTpoundMltm)~ lIaejoaAda~ elval t~ lIPX~~ aYVWaTO~ 0 6t TTpo0610pla1lO~ ajyoO Y(VCTal 731TJIbullbull 60KlflaaT1KW~ ITOI ylvCTal TTapa6cKTO~ cl~ OUVTCACltm)~ (TTX I ) 1) oU POOCI TOO Opl111111101 01100 TOU Felleniu5 UTTOAOy(~ovTal a I 6 III T ~ v 100 P P 0 TT I a v 1I TT a ITO Ufl cshy

val TT a p 0 fl pound T pOI pel Kat c AI TTapoflCTpol Pel Kat c cloay61lcval cl~ TOV UTTOIIDIIIIII AOY10floV KaTIl Krey (LX 13 ) 6tv +tpouv TTOVTOTC w~ oTToTiAcofla ~v 100ppoTTIav flCTa~u TWV POTTWV 1)poocw~ Kat lIVT1)pOOCW~ H 61atopll [l(Ta~u porrij~ 1)PQOCW~ Kat lIVTl6poocw~ (fl ) UaTToOTal loov TTCploo6TCpOV 0 TTapa6c6cy[llvo~ OUVTCACltm)~ TTAl alll~Cl TTpO~ TOV op90v OUVTCACltm)V lIo+aAcia~

fl0 TOV UTTOAOY10flOV TOG ouvTcAcOToG 1I0+aAcla~ cl~ TO KOrw91 TTapo1)clYfla (LX 13) tytVOVTO Tpci~ 1)oKlfla( t~ WV Kat TTpotKu~av Tpti~ 1)la+opal flCTa~u POTTWV 6pllopoundw~ Kat OVTl1)poocw~

Ai 1)la+opal aUTOI 1)160uv tTTt TOO ouoniflaTo~ ouvTETaYfltvwv (fl I) KaflTTuAlv fjTl~ Ttflvouoa TOV li~ova r 5(1)cl ~v 6p9~v Tl[l~v 1)10 TOV OUVTCACltm)V 1I0+aAcla~

LUV~X~ iaoppo n iac lynttiJIU [ ybh middot lUI middot cbGfamp

ILl bull 1JUkIlaquo middotI It J 6 7 10 OnLOI16r FELtENUS f I n- b

tlt)P c f[~ bull TtdKONltD lll l KON (1) bull Y- 200 ~ y_ 220 ~ iI ~ 0 YO Yhb 1v yO

[~ IYAlx6 I I -

71 21

L-- I ~

2

c o d1 02J-t7r) ll1Lbull (MI9) ~ ~ jltgt bull (IS) ( l(J)

ff 7 Yo - 6ut 1bullbull 15 1~22

1 2 J ~ 5 0 I 8 9 10 11 12 tv(pyoi ~dQ( g [X~J

I Sdeg -- -- 1 I J ~ I ~ qQ

IJ o(U

ki-as1ollliOlyoM

I 2J

- shy~qo

Ix 13 napQ6cIYjQ uoAoyla~oij TOU aUVTtUOTOU ~O~dQt Fig- 13 An exomple to calculate the safty foctor

0 UTTOAOY10flO~ TOO OUVTpoundMOTOO oO+aAcla~ OTTOTEACl fllav TWV TTAtov tTTlTT6vwv tVCPYC1WV tv Tfj E6a+ofl)xavlKij npo~ TTPO(1)IOPIOflOV TOO 1)uofltVtaTtpou OUVTCACOTOO e1val aTTashypalTl]To~ ~ tTTav6))~I~ TOU UTTOAOYIOflOU tTTt TTpoundplOOOTtpwv tTTl+aVpoundlWV 6Alo9~ocw~_

H 9tol~ TOG 1)UOflCVCOTtpOU KUKAOU 6AlaeOCW~ 1)IO+tPCl 6 tKlIC1TI)v t~cTa~ofltVl)v

TTcp(mwolv cUOTa9da~ TOG aUTOU TTpavou~ (ntpa~ KaTaoKcuij~ Taxda TaTTcivwOl~ ~ aTa9tpll 61~9)0l~) ETTlaTJ~ 1)la+tpcl 1)0 ~V au~v TTcplmwOIV tllv XP)0l1l0TT01)90UV 1)I04gt0POI tK+plloCl~ TOU OUVlCACOTOO oo+aAda~ middotO~ tK TOUTOU 6 1)1middot ~ApoundKTPOVIKOO tYKpoundshyejo4AOU OUVloflwTCpO~ UTTOAOY10[l0~ ouvavTlt- Kal atiflEpov OK6fl) ~uoKoAla~

BpAoypa+la - Bibliography

lA 1] Bureau or rfclamation tTrealise on Dams Chapter 8 Earth Dams ashington DC 191 1 lA 2] FelLenius W Errlstatische Berechnungen mit Reibung und Kohlisionll Berlin 1927 und 1940 fA 3] Krey - Ehnmhers laquoErddruck - Erdwiderstand und Traglahigkeit des Baugrundes~ Berlin 1932

Verlag Wilhelm Ernst Und Sohn lA 4] T aylQr D W Fundamentals or Soil Mechanics New York 19~~ John Wiley and Sons (S 11 Bihop A W The Stability or Earth nambullbull Thsis IUnivorsity or London) 1952

TPIIIIO IWTlIWV bullnXDVlKWV

VEpyij ~ OipOOTaTlK~ niEOI~ Ot Xp6VOl tlETO~Ohij~ Tij~ +opTiaEW~ Onohoyi~oVTOI ~6apoundl 73

Tij~ 8(wpia~ aTEpEonOlf)aEW~ TOU Terzaghi Ka8 OhlV T~V ilapKElav TOU npoundlpatloTO~ yivETm tltTplal~ Tij~ mtaEw~ n6pwv OUTW~ WaTE ava nnaov tlETa~h~V TWV T6aEWV va dvm buvaTO~ 0 unOhOYlatlo~ TOO aUVTEAEaTOO B Ioyw Tii~ auvapTf)aEw~ TOU B tlpound nOhhOU~ napoyovTa~ XpE IO~ETm npoaox~ tnl TWV iEshyIiotl t vwv Kal aKplp~~ auaxETlatl0~ aUTWV tlETa TWV oYVWaTWV w~ 6 6yo~ TWV TaaEwv Kal ai tlETapohal aUTwv

l I3 H uAIKiI 6VTDxfJ

H lila TOV npoabloplatl0V Tij~ T(hIKij~ aVToxij~ iOKltl~ OVTlaTOIXEl d~ TO CD - test Kal d~ Tf)v iOKltl~V TauTTJv tcjaaTnTal ~ npoaox~ tnl TOO TEXVlTOU KOPEOtlOU TOU iOKltliou tcf oaov TOUTO btv KoptvvuTm OUTE KaTa Tf)v autlnuKvwalv OUTE Kal KaTa Tf)v aTEpEoshynO[lalv (IX 5 ) H iOKltl~ aUTTJ 8EwpEiTal w~ ~ aacjgtahpoundaTtpa OhWV OVTlaTOIXOOaa d~ Tf)v TpoundAIK~V KaTOaTamV KaTa Tf)v ono[av TO unEpKpounditlpoundvov cjgt0pT[OV cjgttpETm tl6vov uno Tij~ KOKKOi0tlij~ TOU UAIKOU (p Kal C )

H iOKltl~ laquo CD raquo npoKpoundltltvou nEpl 0PYlhIKWV UhIKWV napoumo~poundI TO tlElovtKTTJtla Tf~ tlpoundytthOU Xp6vou ilapKE[Q~ TOO nElp0tlaTO~ waTE va tmTuYXOVETm nAijpl~ imOaTpoyylal~ TOU iOKlfllou ilhai~ va tl~ avamuaaETm n[(a l~ n6pwv tv TQ ioKqli~ To flpoundIOVEKTTJtla TOOTO (i~ Tf)v npn~lv avmpEi TO 8EwplnKOV nAEovtKTTJtla Tij~ ilKPlppoundaTtpa~ tlETpi]apoundw~ TWV p Ka c Kal nEplop[~poundI My~ TOU K6nou Kal TOU Xpovou Tii~ npoundpaTwapoundw~ TWV ioshyKltlWV TOV ilpl9tlOv rwvioKlfl[WV

~iTEIi~ KaTa Tf)v TEhIK~V aVTOXTJV EXpound aUVTEhEa8ij ~ aTEppoundonO[lal~ TOO UhIKOU a tv TQ ~py~ mtaEI~ n6pwv onou TmauTOI tflcjgtavl~ovTal npotpxoVTm floVOV tK TOO illJ80ushytltvou ~ UrnPKEltltvOU ~PEflOOVTO~ iliaTo~ Kal apa ouipoundfl[av axtmv EXOUV np6~ Til~ tVTO~ iOKltllwv KaTa Ta~ tpyaaTTJPlaKa~ iOKlflil~ ilvamuaaofltva~ mtapoundl~ n6pwv (B4)

H tlAtTTJ TWV mtapoundwv aUTwv KaTa TOV unoAoYlaflov TOO aUVTEhpoundOTOU ilacjgtahpoundia~ iIEVEPshyyEiTOI lla8lJflaTlKW~ axpoundilaaTIKW~ ~ Kal tnl ~AEKTPIKWV ~ uipauAIKWv nponjnwv ~oaEI Tij~ 8Ewplas TWV iuvalllKwv powv (IX 9 )

I I I

~ lt I lt ~ l ~ IX 9 ALKTOWIoO PoTt 6Ll90ulotllt 610 TOO paYIJQTot KQI uTTo)0YICJIl6c ~C mia(wc n6pw Fig 9 Seepage flow net and calculaflon of he pore -waler- pressure

J1 lQ~a IlVTL1pl~w~

0 TTpoailoplallo~ Tf~ ilVTOXij~ TOO UAIKOO lila TO aWlla ilvnaTTJpl~Ew~ i1poundvEpyEiTm tnlshyOTJ~ d~ TPla~OVIKa~ Ku~tha~ H tmTuyxav0tlivl aVTOX~ ilVTlaTOIXri poundl~ Tf)v TEhIKf)V ilon TO UhlKOV dval ilaTTpoundpaTov Kal w~ tK TOUTOU itv ilJtlloupyEi np6pAlfla mtaEwlt TT6pwv TO aUOTTJtla TTapafltvpound1 KaTa Tf)v iOKlfl~v ilVOIKTOV (drained - test ) H po~ TOO UiaTo~ ila tliaou TOO aWflaTo~ ilvnOTTJP[~poundw~ iltypoundippound we Kal tl~ TOV TTupijva ouipoundshyTtpae TOapounde 0 unoAoYIOflO~ alJTWV ipoundiKVUTaI d~ TO IX 9

4 nopoTIJpftaw bTl TWV KUplWTtpWV AtXPI atiAEpov IilOTUTTW9tVTWV 6plshyaAwv TaU aUVTEEaTou 60+0pound10lt ~VOVTl 9pouaEwlt

H hUO~ TOU TTpophfltlaTo~ pounduaTaepoundia~ tv Tij Eiacjgt0tllJxavIKij ilTTami tHpoundi~pound ilKPI~V fllJxavlKwv xapaKTlJplanKwv de Tf)v thaaTlK~V TTpoundPIOXf)V Tf)v tltT08poundQIV TOV TTpoPhfltlltlTOe de T~V oplaK~v TTpoundpIOX~V 8pauapoundw~ (IX 10 )

12 lI~ n)v P[~tTTJv TOU aUVTt~[aTO da+o~doe ~VOVTI 8poua[we TTpOVWV ylVHOI TT[pOlTfpw aTT~OTTOilOle TOU aKovovlaTOU 5yKou Tije auv~8we TOmKWe pound1+OVI~OptVllt o~Ia9~a[we tie KOVOVIKOV 5yKOV KOTO~0IPaVOVTO TO TTpOVEe K08 O~OV TO p~KOe OlJTO Ev TT[PITTTWshyatt PMOKOU UTT[Ii6+0Ue 51tPX[TOl ~ m+aV[IO 0~Ia8~a[We Kol UTTO TOV TT650 TOO TTpOshyvoiie H aUVl8[aTtpo pOp+~ tm+ovtioe o~Ia9~a[We TTpoatyyi~[I TijV KU~IV5pIK~V npOe TOOTO pound~Ha~HOI tm+aV[IO KOTa TO~OV KUK~OU ITTOVIWT[PO pound+OPI0~0ltVl TTpoatyylOle 510 ~OYOPl9PIK~e pound~IKOe (Rendulic) 051]yti tie P[yo~uTtpoue aUVT[~poundmfle a+oshy~tioe Ele d51Kde TT[pITTrWaEle auv9ta[we 510TOp~r vor +p6ypOTOr ~ TTpOVOUr KOTa Tar OTTO lor tp+OVI~OVTOI aTpWaEle xopl]~ijr aUV[KTlKOTI]TOe ij aTpWaElr 51 wv 511]9[iToI u5wp 51]~o5~ aTpwa[Ie XOfll~oTtpoe aVTOxiie tlr 516TII]alv TTpoa+tp[TOI ~ E+oppoy~ Tije T[8~oafltvI]e (Terzaghi ) ij Kol Tije Tuxouallt pop+iie poundm+[vtioe (Jonbu) Ko90shyPl~ofltvI]e EK TWV aTpWa[WV oiJTwv Eav tie 51a 50epoundllr tm+ovtioe 6pI~op[VOe oyKoe [UaTOeij (IX 10) oi 5pwaol ouvalpoundIe TTPO[PXOP[VOI poundK TOU loiou p6poue ij KOlts i~shyhWV Em5p6a[wv wr dvol ETTI TTopootlypon 6 apoundlaloe TTOPohOflP6vovTOI UTTO TWV OUVQshyflpoundwv avnop6a[We TOU uhlKOU

IX 10 0 6pla~o~ S laopponfoc we tsplOV ~TO~U Tf)c oOUTIKijc Kot Tile nOQTIKic mp1oxils Fig 10 The determInation of the equilibrium as a limit between the eJastlc and the plastic

range

0 avwTtpw OYKOe [UplaKHoI EV laoppoTTIi xwplr 0lwe OUTI] va dpKij 010 TOV UTTOhOYshyalov TOU Olopolpoalou TWV TQa[WV tTTI Tiie KUhlVliplKije tm+ovtloe Ai T6a[Ie [plaKOVshyTOI de Tijv thOaTIK~V TT[PlOX~V tic T~V oTToiov OUVOVTOI va TTPOypOTOTTOIl]80uv iTT[IPOI KUKhOl TWV Kuplwv T6a[WV (IX 10) T6 TTpOPhl]l0 tlvol aTOTlKWe aopaTov Kol po81]shyponKWe iihUTOV Eav opwe 0 avwTtpw 5yKor e[wpl]8fj tie OplOK~V laoppoTTlov ~ +0shyV[IO pHopoMHOl OUT0I0TWe de t+OVpoundIOV ohae~aEWe lIa T~V KOT6aTOalV TOUTTJV laxupoundI ~ auVefJKI) 9poua[we

T = c +an t+p ( 2) AUTI] TTPOypOTOTTolpoundiToI 01 tvoe wplaptvou KUKhOU Kupiwv rOa[wv Ai TOa[le tTTI Tijr KUhlVopIKije tm+ovdoe OUVOVTOI va UTTohoYlaeOuv To TTp6Phl]pO tlvOl aTOnKWe wplaltvov Kol p08lflOTlKWe hUTOVH l[htTTJ Tije iaoppoTTloe TWV OUVOP[WV OI[VtpytiTOI avoMywc TTpOe T~V auv9[alv Tije TOpije TOU rrpovoOe tiTt de hwplooe tie Tar oTToioe XWpl~HOI 0 ohlaeoivwv IIYKoe [TTt tie OhOKhl]POV TOV IIYKov EK TWV aVWTtpW TTpOKUm[ OTI ~ ppoundhpoundTTJ TOU aUvTth[aTOu oa+oMioe tvoe oyKou [UPshyaKoptvou tv [uaTd9d opoundv tlvol OUVOTfJ d p~ povov tav 0 oyKoe OUTOe 9[wpl]9ij Ohlshy

0 6KPI~C 6LajJolpao~6c TWV r6acwIJ tn-l Tic l(u~Lv6plicijc b+ovc(oc xp1i~u oUvellKWV nQPo~op+woc~ AushyTelL 6 IIMC IJil JlCTOPtV)OUOQI TlpaKTlK~ TO 6TlOTtMa~Q TTapa)[(TTOVTQI

TlIlPO OOAITIKWV pnXOVlKWV

aeoivwv OOTWlt WerrE va Elvo tcjgtopIOOIOlt ~ OUV9~K1 9pOUOEWlt H VO1T1 rrpOYloTOshy 733 rrol1olt ne bpOK~lt laopporrlolt poundVOlt I~ OA0901vovTOlt 0YKOU OUVElTaYETO nv fETO~OshyA~V wPOltvwv IEYE9wv liErrOVTWv illv looppoTTiov EK TOO Tporrou T~e IETO~OA~C TOUshyTTe rrpo~A9ov 01 liulcjgtopo opolot TOO OUVTEAWTOO uocjgtoAdoe Oihw KOTa Frohlich ( B9 ) VOEiTa poundTTEVEpyOUOO trrt TOO 0YKOU Iio TTpoo9ETOe po~ ~ne cjgttpE OUTOV de njv KaTaOTaOV opaK~e toopporrlae 0 OUVTEAEOne aocjgtaAdae oplSna EK TOO Myou TWV porrwv

f = _M[v9a ( 1 ) M

M = POTTyt cjgttpouoa TOV OYKOV d~ KaToOTaOlv opaK~e toopporrlae M = po~ ililou Papoue ~ Kat QAAWV poundlTllipwowv (~WTEPKWV liUVOIEWV

KaTa TOUe opOloue TOU Fellenius (A2) Kal Taylor (A4) Tl9ETa we Puoe ~ KaToshyOTaOle EUOTa9dae Oe OUVTEAWne aocjgtaAdae opiSETa 0 ap9loe oone Iiapwv TOe tK T~e TTpoundlpalanK~e 6)ou rrpOEpXOltvae Kat poundie nv 6paK~V TTEplmwov aVTlOTOXOuoae napalhpoue po Kat 00 lilliE TOe Iio T~V ioopporriav EUOTa9dae urraTou Itvae rrapaltshyTpOU e pe Kat Ce KaTa Fellenius iOXlJEl

co =-Ce

Kat KaTO Taylor

f =- ~ = ~~ e CI~

To YEyovoe on urropxouv TTEp006TpoundPO opolot Iia TOV ouvnAEOTytv aocjgtaAdae EVaVTl 9pauoEWe TTpavOOe ciTTOTEAEi civEKa9Ev ciltPoPI~v Iiacjgtwvlae we rrpoe nv tKAOYytV TOO apoloO Kai cjgtUOlKO we rrpoe TOV rrpooliopolOV liaOTaOEWV TOO cjgtpOYlaTOe

To aTToTEAEolaTa UTTOAOYOlwv liEVEPY19tVTwV PaOE TWV avwTtpw oPolwv Iiacjgttshypouv IETa~u TWV xwpie 0lwe Kai poundV (~ aUTWV va poundIVai ptpaov on rrpooEyylSE rrEposhyOOTEpOV TWV QAAWV de TOV rrpaYlanKov ouvnAEanjv llocjgtaAdae TOU ~Pyou

H IlVOYK1 TOO Ka90pol00 (VOe (vaiou opoloO Iio TOV urrOAOYolOv TOU OUVTEAEOTOO llocjgtaAdae liEKvunal t~ QHou Kai de TO laquoiTw9 TTap6)EYIa (LX II )

Oa aUYlaTw(Ja PlipOUf Rt auvlarwaa TPIPi~

C auYOX~

0 aUYTLALaTtc lIa+aAdot tVOVTI bAoampfashyaCWt 6UVOTOI va h+pooei

r _ l+ C Go

Rt f = G~ _ C

II = __C_ G - Itt

IXmiddot II TpdC Tp6rrol TTpoa6loplo~OU TOU aUYTCAcaTOU aa+aAdac

Fig 11 Three manners to determine the sofefy fodor

ETTt tvoe KEKAltvou tTTlTT(liou ~PEIEt oWla trrt TOO oTToiou trrEvEpyd TO popoe Kat IlvnshyVEPYOOV ~ TPPlt Ka ~ ouvoxlt KaTo Ta OEKvu0IEva urrapxouv TpEle liuvaT0TTTEe Iia (ov

dplotJdy TOO OUYTlt)ltOTOii doa)da~ (II r I) n Tpla ilTTcn)totJaTa lilatpcuY tJltTa~U TWY ~~IIUlVKaTII TIl Tlt)wTQia hI ~PXIOltY ty rpoundPtJaylI ~ TTPOltTOltJaola KaYCYI0tJWY lilll TOY lJTTC)CYIshyOtJOY TOU OUYTlt)ltOToii 1I0a)da~ ~yaYTI 9pauopoundw~ TTpayWv H TTPCOCX~ TWY tJpound)poundTl]TWY pnlDVllUlV tOTPell TTpO~ TOY OplOtJOY TCU Fellenius

5 nopallpoundlYlio UTTC)CYIOIICO TOO aUVTt)taTcO ila+o)toij haVTI ICOTC)Ia9fyshyatwij

MpoundTa TO TTtpa~ T~~ KaTaOKW~~ tYO~ pelytJaTC~ ( IX I) ) Kalo)iyoy TTpO ~~ dyu+Wopoundw~

T~~ OTel9tJ ~~ )[tJYI]~ ttJltTp~B] tj~ TOY TTUp~ya TTIpoundOIS TTOpWY iOl] TTpO~ TO~tJIOU TCU TTtPKtlfltyOU pelPCU~ TCG OUtJTTpoundTTUKYWtJtyCU )IKOG 0 l)poundyxo~ TOU OUyn)poundOTCU oashy)poundias )Ia ~Y KaTelOTaOlY TaUTI]Y liIpoundYlpy~B] PelOtl TWY Ii I t pya 0 T I] P I a K W Y Ii 0shy

K I tJ W Y TT P 0 0 Ii I 0 P I 0 9 t lOW V TT a p a tJ t T P WY p = 16deg Kal c = 06 [Xy I tK ) lila TOY TTupqya (U)IKOY 1 ) Kal p = 40 lila TO oWfia dYTlOTl]pi~twS ()IKOY 2 ) npo~ TeUTe txwploB] d lila Ku)iYlipou 6pl~6f1poundYes (YKC~ d~ )wpllia~ H tJlt)tTl] Kaj OllYshy9lt01~ TWY tUyaflpoundwV tTTI tKaOTl]S )wpilieS tytYltTe paotl T~~ tJt96lieu TeG Krey ( 86 ) (IX 12) tvw lilo ~Y oepperrlay TWY liuYeltJpoundwy KaTa ~v 6plaK~Y rrltpITTTwoIY tTl]p~B] d 6ploflo~ TeU Fellenius

r

2

I- b -12

- hJJ

_ --I_YV3wp

IX

1

v

3

bUV6J1I[It tv~pYoUaol tnl T1tc )wpl6cK

5LOV p6p~ G = r - b - b

T = N~p + c lvea

N = N+U C=c-I U = u-I

b1 = -shy

aua

bLO Til laopporr[ov de 11) 6ltu9umv V tax IV=O

G = U - aua + Nbullbull + N~p - ~ + C - ~+

+ I E-E) - ~~ Etl - Eo d u d~)1jdlX =0

bIQ Til loopponiov TWV POnWv laxucl

MI = Mt

EO middot laquo= lT middot r lv811 (1 ~ r ~J4

1 G - r - ~ = 1 ( Nmiddotraquo + C 1 - r

1y _ It _ b ~ _ l b ( Y bull h - u + c - ~p ) bull I r- 1~ + auva bull II P

EX 12 H ampvaAUTlICfJ It8060c TOO Krey fig 12 The onolyllcol method of Kry

0 aUVTpoundMltm)~ lIaejoaAda~ elval t~ lIPX~~ aYVWaTO~ 0 6t TTpo0610pla1lO~ ajyoO Y(VCTal 731TJIbullbull 60KlflaaT1KW~ ITOI ylvCTal TTapa6cKTO~ cl~ OUVTCACltm)~ (TTX I ) 1) oU POOCI TOO Opl111111101 01100 TOU Felleniu5 UTTOAOy(~ovTal a I 6 III T ~ v 100 P P 0 TT I a v 1I TT a ITO Ufl cshy

val TT a p 0 fl pound T pOI pel Kat c AI TTapoflCTpol Pel Kat c cloay61lcval cl~ TOV UTTOIIDIIIIII AOY10floV KaTIl Krey (LX 13 ) 6tv +tpouv TTOVTOTC w~ oTToTiAcofla ~v 100ppoTTIav flCTa~u TWV POTTWV 1)poocw~ Kat lIVT1)pOOCW~ H 61atopll [l(Ta~u porrij~ 1)PQOCW~ Kat lIVTl6poocw~ (fl ) UaTToOTal loov TTCploo6TCpOV 0 TTapa6c6cy[llvo~ OUVTCACltm)~ TTAl alll~Cl TTpO~ TOV op90v OUVTCACltm)V lIo+aAcia~

fl0 TOV UTTOAOY10flOV TOG ouvTcAcOToG 1I0+aAcla~ cl~ TO KOrw91 TTapo1)clYfla (LX 13) tytVOVTO Tpci~ 1)oKlfla( t~ WV Kat TTpotKu~av Tpti~ 1)la+opal flCTa~u POTTWV 6pllopoundw~ Kat OVTl1)poocw~

Ai 1)la+opal aUTOI 1)160uv tTTt TOO ouoniflaTo~ ouvTETaYfltvwv (fl I) KaflTTuAlv fjTl~ Ttflvouoa TOV li~ova r 5(1)cl ~v 6p9~v Tl[l~v 1)10 TOV OUVTCACltm)V 1I0+aAcla~

LUV~X~ iaoppo n iac lynttiJIU [ ybh middot lUI middot cbGfamp

ILl bull 1JUkIlaquo middotI It J 6 7 10 OnLOI16r FELtENUS f I n- b

tlt)P c f[~ bull TtdKONltD lll l KON (1) bull Y- 200 ~ y_ 220 ~ iI ~ 0 YO Yhb 1v yO

[~ IYAlx6 I I -

71 21

L-- I ~

2

c o d1 02J-t7r) ll1Lbull (MI9) ~ ~ jltgt bull (IS) ( l(J)

ff 7 Yo - 6ut 1bullbull 15 1~22

1 2 J ~ 5 0 I 8 9 10 11 12 tv(pyoi ~dQ( g [X~J

I Sdeg -- -- 1 I J ~ I ~ qQ

IJ o(U

ki-as1ollliOlyoM

I 2J

- shy~qo

Ix 13 napQ6cIYjQ uoAoyla~oij TOU aUVTtUOTOU ~O~dQt Fig- 13 An exomple to calculate the safty foctor

0 UTTOAOY10flO~ TOO OUVTpoundMOTOO oO+aAcla~ OTTOTEACl fllav TWV TTAtov tTTlTT6vwv tVCPYC1WV tv Tfj E6a+ofl)xavlKij npo~ TTPO(1)IOPIOflOV TOO 1)uofltVtaTtpou OUVTCACOTOO e1val aTTashypalTl]To~ ~ tTTav6))~I~ TOU UTTOAOYIOflOU tTTt TTpoundplOOOTtpwv tTTl+aVpoundlWV 6Alo9~ocw~_

H 9tol~ TOG 1)UOflCVCOTtpOU KUKAOU 6AlaeOCW~ 1)IO+tPCl 6 tKlIC1TI)v t~cTa~ofltVl)v

TTcp(mwolv cUOTa9da~ TOG aUTOU TTpavou~ (ntpa~ KaTaoKcuij~ Taxda TaTTcivwOl~ ~ aTa9tpll 61~9)0l~) ETTlaTJ~ 1)la+tpcl 1)0 ~V au~v TTcplmwOIV tllv XP)0l1l0TT01)90UV 1)I04gt0POI tK+plloCl~ TOU OUVlCACOTOO oo+aAda~ middotO~ tK TOUTOU 6 1)1middot ~ApoundKTPOVIKOO tYKpoundshyejo4AOU OUVloflwTCpO~ UTTOAOY10[l0~ ouvavTlt- Kal atiflEpov OK6fl) ~uoKoAla~

BpAoypa+la - Bibliography

lA 1] Bureau or rfclamation tTrealise on Dams Chapter 8 Earth Dams ashington DC 191 1 lA 2] FelLenius W Errlstatische Berechnungen mit Reibung und Kohlisionll Berlin 1927 und 1940 fA 3] Krey - Ehnmhers laquoErddruck - Erdwiderstand und Traglahigkeit des Baugrundes~ Berlin 1932

Verlag Wilhelm Ernst Und Sohn lA 4] T aylQr D W Fundamentals or Soil Mechanics New York 19~~ John Wiley and Sons (S 11 Bihop A W The Stability or Earth nambullbull Thsis IUnivorsity or London) 1952

12 lI~ n)v P[~tTTJv TOU aUVTt~[aTO da+o~doe ~VOVTI 8poua[we TTpOVWV ylVHOI TT[pOlTfpw aTT~OTTOilOle TOU aKovovlaTOU 5yKou Tije auv~8we TOmKWe pound1+OVI~OptVllt o~Ia9~a[we tie KOVOVIKOV 5yKOV KOTO~0IPaVOVTO TO TTpOVEe K08 O~OV TO p~KOe OlJTO Ev TT[PITTTWshyatt PMOKOU UTT[Ii6+0Ue 51tPX[TOl ~ m+aV[IO 0~Ia8~a[We Kol UTTO TOV TT650 TOO TTpOshyvoiie H aUVl8[aTtpo pOp+~ tm+ovtioe o~Ia9~a[We TTpoatyyi~[I TijV KU~IV5pIK~V npOe TOOTO pound~Ha~HOI tm+aV[IO KOTa TO~OV KUK~OU ITTOVIWT[PO pound+OPI0~0ltVl TTpoatyylOle 510 ~OYOPl9PIK~e pound~IKOe (Rendulic) 051]yti tie P[yo~uTtpoue aUVT[~poundmfle a+oshy~tioe Ele d51Kde TT[pITTrWaEle auv9ta[we 510TOp~r vor +p6ypOTOr ~ TTpOVOUr KOTa Tar OTTO lor tp+OVI~OVTOI aTpWaEle xopl]~ijr aUV[KTlKOTI]TOe ij aTpWaElr 51 wv 511]9[iToI u5wp 51]~o5~ aTpwa[Ie XOfll~oTtpoe aVTOxiie tlr 516TII]alv TTpoa+tp[TOI ~ E+oppoy~ Tije T[8~oafltvI]e (Terzaghi ) ij Kol Tije Tuxouallt pop+iie poundm+[vtioe (Jonbu) Ko90shyPl~ofltvI]e EK TWV aTpWa[WV oiJTwv Eav tie 51a 50epoundllr tm+ovtioe 6pI~op[VOe oyKoe [UaTOeij (IX 10) oi 5pwaol ouvalpoundIe TTPO[PXOP[VOI poundK TOU loiou p6poue ij KOlts i~shyhWV Em5p6a[wv wr dvol ETTI TTopootlypon 6 apoundlaloe TTOPohOflP6vovTOI UTTO TWV OUVQshyflpoundwv avnop6a[We TOU uhlKOU

IX 10 0 6pla~o~ S laopponfoc we tsplOV ~TO~U Tf)c oOUTIKijc Kot Tile nOQTIKic mp1oxils Fig 10 The determInation of the equilibrium as a limit between the eJastlc and the plastic

range

0 avwTtpw OYKOe [UplaKHoI EV laoppoTTIi xwplr 0lwe OUTI] va dpKij 010 TOV UTTOhOYshyalov TOU Olopolpoalou TWV TQa[WV tTTI Tiie KUhlVliplKije tm+ovtloe Ai T6a[Ie [plaKOVshyTOI de Tijv thOaTIK~V TT[PlOX~V tic T~V oTToiov OUVOVTOI va TTPOypOTOTTOIl]80uv iTT[IPOI KUKhOl TWV Kuplwv T6a[WV (IX 10) T6 TTpOPhl]l0 tlvol aTOTlKWe aopaTov Kol po81]shyponKWe iihUTOV Eav opwe 0 avwTtpw 5yKor e[wpl]8fj tie OplOK~V laoppoTTlov ~ +0shyV[IO pHopoMHOl OUT0I0TWe de t+OVpoundIOV ohae~aEWe lIa T~V KOT6aTOalV TOUTTJV laxupoundI ~ auVefJKI) 9poua[we

T = c +an t+p ( 2) AUTI] TTPOypOTOTTolpoundiToI 01 tvoe wplaptvou KUKhOU Kupiwv rOa[wv Ai TOa[le tTTI Tijr KUhlVopIKije tm+ovdoe OUVOVTOI va UTTohoYlaeOuv To TTp6Phl]pO tlvOl aTOnKWe wplaltvov Kol p08lflOTlKWe hUTOVH l[htTTJ Tije iaoppoTTloe TWV OUVOP[WV OI[VtpytiTOI avoMywc TTpOe T~V auv9[alv Tije TOpije TOU rrpovoOe tiTt de hwplooe tie Tar oTToioe XWpl~HOI 0 ohlaeoivwv IIYKoe [TTt tie OhOKhl]POV TOV IIYKov EK TWV aVWTtpW TTpOKUm[ OTI ~ ppoundhpoundTTJ TOU aUvTth[aTOu oa+oMioe tvoe oyKou [UPshyaKoptvou tv [uaTd9d opoundv tlvol OUVOTfJ d p~ povov tav 0 oyKoe OUTOe 9[wpl]9ij Ohlshy

0 6KPI~C 6LajJolpao~6c TWV r6acwIJ tn-l Tic l(u~Lv6plicijc b+ovc(oc xp1i~u oUvellKWV nQPo~op+woc~ AushyTelL 6 IIMC IJil JlCTOPtV)OUOQI TlpaKTlK~ TO 6TlOTtMa~Q TTapa)[(TTOVTQI

TlIlPO OOAITIKWV pnXOVlKWV

aeoivwv OOTWlt WerrE va Elvo tcjgtopIOOIOlt ~ OUV9~K1 9pOUOEWlt H VO1T1 rrpOYloTOshy 733 rrol1olt ne bpOK~lt laopporrlolt poundVOlt I~ OA0901vovTOlt 0YKOU OUVElTaYETO nv fETO~OshyA~V wPOltvwv IEYE9wv liErrOVTWv illv looppoTTiov EK TOO Tporrou T~e IETO~OA~C TOUshyTTe rrpo~A9ov 01 liulcjgtopo opolot TOO OUVTEAWTOO uocjgtoAdoe Oihw KOTa Frohlich ( B9 ) VOEiTa poundTTEVEpyOUOO trrt TOO 0YKOU Iio TTpoo9ETOe po~ ~ne cjgttpE OUTOV de njv KaTaOTaOV opaK~e toopporrlae 0 OUVTEAEOne aocjgtaAdae oplSna EK TOO Myou TWV porrwv

f = _M[v9a ( 1 ) M

M = POTTyt cjgttpouoa TOV OYKOV d~ KaToOTaOlv opaK~e toopporrlae M = po~ ililou Papoue ~ Kat QAAWV poundlTllipwowv (~WTEPKWV liUVOIEWV

KaTa TOUe opOloue TOU Fellenius (A2) Kal Taylor (A4) Tl9ETa we Puoe ~ KaToshyOTaOle EUOTa9dae Oe OUVTEAWne aocjgtaAdae opiSETa 0 ap9loe oone Iiapwv TOe tK T~e TTpoundlpalanK~e 6)ou rrpOEpXOltvae Kat poundie nv 6paK~V TTEplmwov aVTlOTOXOuoae napalhpoue po Kat 00 lilliE TOe Iio T~V ioopporriav EUOTa9dae urraTou Itvae rrapaltshyTpOU e pe Kat Ce KaTa Fellenius iOXlJEl

co =-Ce

Kat KaTO Taylor

f =- ~ = ~~ e CI~

To YEyovoe on urropxouv TTEp006TpoundPO opolot Iia TOV ouvnAEOTytv aocjgtaAdae EVaVTl 9pauoEWe TTpavOOe ciTTOTEAEi civEKa9Ev ciltPoPI~v Iiacjgtwvlae we rrpoe nv tKAOYytV TOO apoloO Kai cjgtUOlKO we rrpoe TOV rrpooliopolOV liaOTaOEWV TOO cjgtpOYlaTOe

To aTToTEAEolaTa UTTOAOYOlwv liEVEPY19tVTwV PaOE TWV avwTtpw oPolwv Iiacjgttshypouv IETa~u TWV xwpie 0lwe Kai poundV (~ aUTWV va poundIVai ptpaov on rrpooEyylSE rrEposhyOOTEpOV TWV QAAWV de TOV rrpaYlanKov ouvnAEanjv llocjgtaAdae TOU ~Pyou

H IlVOYK1 TOO Ka90pol00 (VOe (vaiou opoloO Iio TOV urrOAOYolOv TOU OUVTEAEOTOO llocjgtaAdae liEKvunal t~ QHou Kai de TO laquoiTw9 TTap6)EYIa (LX II )

Oa aUYlaTw(Ja PlipOUf Rt auvlarwaa TPIPi~

C auYOX~

0 aUYTLALaTtc lIa+aAdot tVOVTI bAoampfashyaCWt 6UVOTOI va h+pooei

r _ l+ C Go

Rt f = G~ _ C

II = __C_ G - Itt

IXmiddot II TpdC Tp6rrol TTpoa6loplo~OU TOU aUYTCAcaTOU aa+aAdac

Fig 11 Three manners to determine the sofefy fodor

ETTt tvoe KEKAltvou tTTlTT(liou ~PEIEt oWla trrt TOO oTToiou trrEvEpyd TO popoe Kat IlvnshyVEPYOOV ~ TPPlt Ka ~ ouvoxlt KaTo Ta OEKvu0IEva urrapxouv TpEle liuvaT0TTTEe Iia (ov

dplotJdy TOO OUYTlt)ltOTOii doa)da~ (II r I) n Tpla ilTTcn)totJaTa lilatpcuY tJltTa~U TWY ~~IIUlVKaTII TIl Tlt)wTQia hI ~PXIOltY ty rpoundPtJaylI ~ TTPOltTOltJaola KaYCYI0tJWY lilll TOY lJTTC)CYIshyOtJOY TOU OUYTlt)ltOToii 1I0a)da~ ~yaYTI 9pauopoundw~ TTpayWv H TTPCOCX~ TWY tJpound)poundTl]TWY pnlDVllUlV tOTPell TTpO~ TOY OplOtJOY TCU Fellenius

5 nopallpoundlYlio UTTC)CYIOIICO TOO aUVTt)taTcO ila+o)toij haVTI ICOTC)Ia9fyshyatwij

MpoundTa TO TTtpa~ T~~ KaTaOKW~~ tYO~ pelytJaTC~ ( IX I) ) Kalo)iyoy TTpO ~~ dyu+Wopoundw~

T~~ OTel9tJ ~~ )[tJYI]~ ttJltTp~B] tj~ TOY TTUp~ya TTIpoundOIS TTOpWY iOl] TTpO~ TO~tJIOU TCU TTtPKtlfltyOU pelPCU~ TCG OUtJTTpoundTTUKYWtJtyCU )IKOG 0 l)poundyxo~ TOU OUyn)poundOTCU oashy)poundias )Ia ~Y KaTelOTaOlY TaUTI]Y liIpoundYlpy~B] PelOtl TWY Ii I t pya 0 T I] P I a K W Y Ii 0shy

K I tJ W Y TT P 0 0 Ii I 0 P I 0 9 t lOW V TT a p a tJ t T P WY p = 16deg Kal c = 06 [Xy I tK ) lila TOY TTupqya (U)IKOY 1 ) Kal p = 40 lila TO oWfia dYTlOTl]pi~twS ()IKOY 2 ) npo~ TeUTe txwploB] d lila Ku)iYlipou 6pl~6f1poundYes (YKC~ d~ )wpllia~ H tJlt)tTl] Kaj OllYshy9lt01~ TWY tUyaflpoundwV tTTI tKaOTl]S )wpilieS tytYltTe paotl T~~ tJt96lieu TeG Krey ( 86 ) (IX 12) tvw lilo ~Y oepperrlay TWY liuYeltJpoundwy KaTa ~v 6plaK~Y rrltpITTTwoIY tTl]p~B] d 6ploflo~ TeU Fellenius

r

2

I- b -12

- hJJ

_ --I_YV3wp

IX

1

v

3

bUV6J1I[It tv~pYoUaol tnl T1tc )wpl6cK

5LOV p6p~ G = r - b - b

T = N~p + c lvea

N = N+U C=c-I U = u-I

b1 = -shy

aua

bLO Til laopporr[ov de 11) 6ltu9umv V tax IV=O

G = U - aua + Nbullbull + N~p - ~ + C - ~+

+ I E-E) - ~~ Etl - Eo d u d~)1jdlX =0

bIQ Til loopponiov TWV POnWv laxucl

MI = Mt

EO middot laquo= lT middot r lv811 (1 ~ r ~J4

1 G - r - ~ = 1 ( Nmiddotraquo + C 1 - r

1y _ It _ b ~ _ l b ( Y bull h - u + c - ~p ) bull I r- 1~ + auva bull II P

EX 12 H ampvaAUTlICfJ It8060c TOO Krey fig 12 The onolyllcol method of Kry

0 aUVTpoundMltm)~ lIaejoaAda~ elval t~ lIPX~~ aYVWaTO~ 0 6t TTpo0610pla1lO~ ajyoO Y(VCTal 731TJIbullbull 60KlflaaT1KW~ ITOI ylvCTal TTapa6cKTO~ cl~ OUVTCACltm)~ (TTX I ) 1) oU POOCI TOO Opl111111101 01100 TOU Felleniu5 UTTOAOy(~ovTal a I 6 III T ~ v 100 P P 0 TT I a v 1I TT a ITO Ufl cshy

val TT a p 0 fl pound T pOI pel Kat c AI TTapoflCTpol Pel Kat c cloay61lcval cl~ TOV UTTOIIDIIIIII AOY10floV KaTIl Krey (LX 13 ) 6tv +tpouv TTOVTOTC w~ oTToTiAcofla ~v 100ppoTTIav flCTa~u TWV POTTWV 1)poocw~ Kat lIVT1)pOOCW~ H 61atopll [l(Ta~u porrij~ 1)PQOCW~ Kat lIVTl6poocw~ (fl ) UaTToOTal loov TTCploo6TCpOV 0 TTapa6c6cy[llvo~ OUVTCACltm)~ TTAl alll~Cl TTpO~ TOV op90v OUVTCACltm)V lIo+aAcia~

fl0 TOV UTTOAOY10flOV TOG ouvTcAcOToG 1I0+aAcla~ cl~ TO KOrw91 TTapo1)clYfla (LX 13) tytVOVTO Tpci~ 1)oKlfla( t~ WV Kat TTpotKu~av Tpti~ 1)la+opal flCTa~u POTTWV 6pllopoundw~ Kat OVTl1)poocw~

Ai 1)la+opal aUTOI 1)160uv tTTt TOO ouoniflaTo~ ouvTETaYfltvwv (fl I) KaflTTuAlv fjTl~ Ttflvouoa TOV li~ova r 5(1)cl ~v 6p9~v Tl[l~v 1)10 TOV OUVTCACltm)V 1I0+aAcla~

LUV~X~ iaoppo n iac lynttiJIU [ ybh middot lUI middot cbGfamp

ILl bull 1JUkIlaquo middotI It J 6 7 10 OnLOI16r FELtENUS f I n- b

tlt)P c f[~ bull TtdKONltD lll l KON (1) bull Y- 200 ~ y_ 220 ~ iI ~ 0 YO Yhb 1v yO

[~ IYAlx6 I I -

71 21

L-- I ~

2

c o d1 02J-t7r) ll1Lbull (MI9) ~ ~ jltgt bull (IS) ( l(J)

ff 7 Yo - 6ut 1bullbull 15 1~22

1 2 J ~ 5 0 I 8 9 10 11 12 tv(pyoi ~dQ( g [X~J

I Sdeg -- -- 1 I J ~ I ~ qQ

IJ o(U

ki-as1ollliOlyoM

I 2J

- shy~qo

Ix 13 napQ6cIYjQ uoAoyla~oij TOU aUVTtUOTOU ~O~dQt Fig- 13 An exomple to calculate the safty foctor

0 UTTOAOY10flO~ TOO OUVTpoundMOTOO oO+aAcla~ OTTOTEACl fllav TWV TTAtov tTTlTT6vwv tVCPYC1WV tv Tfj E6a+ofl)xavlKij npo~ TTPO(1)IOPIOflOV TOO 1)uofltVtaTtpou OUVTCACOTOO e1val aTTashypalTl]To~ ~ tTTav6))~I~ TOU UTTOAOYIOflOU tTTt TTpoundplOOOTtpwv tTTl+aVpoundlWV 6Alo9~ocw~_

H 9tol~ TOG 1)UOflCVCOTtpOU KUKAOU 6AlaeOCW~ 1)IO+tPCl 6 tKlIC1TI)v t~cTa~ofltVl)v

TTcp(mwolv cUOTa9da~ TOG aUTOU TTpavou~ (ntpa~ KaTaoKcuij~ Taxda TaTTcivwOl~ ~ aTa9tpll 61~9)0l~) ETTlaTJ~ 1)la+tpcl 1)0 ~V au~v TTcplmwOIV tllv XP)0l1l0TT01)90UV 1)I04gt0POI tK+plloCl~ TOU OUVlCACOTOO oo+aAda~ middotO~ tK TOUTOU 6 1)1middot ~ApoundKTPOVIKOO tYKpoundshyejo4AOU OUVloflwTCpO~ UTTOAOY10[l0~ ouvavTlt- Kal atiflEpov OK6fl) ~uoKoAla~

BpAoypa+la - Bibliography

lA 1] Bureau or rfclamation tTrealise on Dams Chapter 8 Earth Dams ashington DC 191 1 lA 2] FelLenius W Errlstatische Berechnungen mit Reibung und Kohlisionll Berlin 1927 und 1940 fA 3] Krey - Ehnmhers laquoErddruck - Erdwiderstand und Traglahigkeit des Baugrundes~ Berlin 1932

Verlag Wilhelm Ernst Und Sohn lA 4] T aylQr D W Fundamentals or Soil Mechanics New York 19~~ John Wiley and Sons (S 11 Bihop A W The Stability or Earth nambullbull Thsis IUnivorsity or London) 1952

TlIlPO OOAITIKWV pnXOVlKWV

aeoivwv OOTWlt WerrE va Elvo tcjgtopIOOIOlt ~ OUV9~K1 9pOUOEWlt H VO1T1 rrpOYloTOshy 733 rrol1olt ne bpOK~lt laopporrlolt poundVOlt I~ OA0901vovTOlt 0YKOU OUVElTaYETO nv fETO~OshyA~V wPOltvwv IEYE9wv liErrOVTWv illv looppoTTiov EK TOO Tporrou T~e IETO~OA~C TOUshyTTe rrpo~A9ov 01 liulcjgtopo opolot TOO OUVTEAWTOO uocjgtoAdoe Oihw KOTa Frohlich ( B9 ) VOEiTa poundTTEVEpyOUOO trrt TOO 0YKOU Iio TTpoo9ETOe po~ ~ne cjgttpE OUTOV de njv KaTaOTaOV opaK~e toopporrlae 0 OUVTEAEOne aocjgtaAdae oplSna EK TOO Myou TWV porrwv

f = _M[v9a ( 1 ) M

M = POTTyt cjgttpouoa TOV OYKOV d~ KaToOTaOlv opaK~e toopporrlae M = po~ ililou Papoue ~ Kat QAAWV poundlTllipwowv (~WTEPKWV liUVOIEWV

KaTa TOUe opOloue TOU Fellenius (A2) Kal Taylor (A4) Tl9ETa we Puoe ~ KaToshyOTaOle EUOTa9dae Oe OUVTEAWne aocjgtaAdae opiSETa 0 ap9loe oone Iiapwv TOe tK T~e TTpoundlpalanK~e 6)ou rrpOEpXOltvae Kat poundie nv 6paK~V TTEplmwov aVTlOTOXOuoae napalhpoue po Kat 00 lilliE TOe Iio T~V ioopporriav EUOTa9dae urraTou Itvae rrapaltshyTpOU e pe Kat Ce KaTa Fellenius iOXlJEl

co =-Ce

Kat KaTO Taylor

f =- ~ = ~~ e CI~

To YEyovoe on urropxouv TTEp006TpoundPO opolot Iia TOV ouvnAEOTytv aocjgtaAdae EVaVTl 9pauoEWe TTpavOOe ciTTOTEAEi civEKa9Ev ciltPoPI~v Iiacjgtwvlae we rrpoe nv tKAOYytV TOO apoloO Kai cjgtUOlKO we rrpoe TOV rrpooliopolOV liaOTaOEWV TOO cjgtpOYlaTOe

To aTToTEAEolaTa UTTOAOYOlwv liEVEPY19tVTwV PaOE TWV avwTtpw oPolwv Iiacjgttshypouv IETa~u TWV xwpie 0lwe Kai poundV (~ aUTWV va poundIVai ptpaov on rrpooEyylSE rrEposhyOOTEpOV TWV QAAWV de TOV rrpaYlanKov ouvnAEanjv llocjgtaAdae TOU ~Pyou

H IlVOYK1 TOO Ka90pol00 (VOe (vaiou opoloO Iio TOV urrOAOYolOv TOU OUVTEAEOTOO llocjgtaAdae liEKvunal t~ QHou Kai de TO laquoiTw9 TTap6)EYIa (LX II )

Oa aUYlaTw(Ja PlipOUf Rt auvlarwaa TPIPi~

C auYOX~

0 aUYTLALaTtc lIa+aAdot tVOVTI bAoampfashyaCWt 6UVOTOI va h+pooei

r _ l+ C Go

Rt f = G~ _ C

II = __C_ G - Itt

IXmiddot II TpdC Tp6rrol TTpoa6loplo~OU TOU aUYTCAcaTOU aa+aAdac

Fig 11 Three manners to determine the sofefy fodor

ETTt tvoe KEKAltvou tTTlTT(liou ~PEIEt oWla trrt TOO oTToiou trrEvEpyd TO popoe Kat IlvnshyVEPYOOV ~ TPPlt Ka ~ ouvoxlt KaTo Ta OEKvu0IEva urrapxouv TpEle liuvaT0TTTEe Iia (ov

dplotJdy TOO OUYTlt)ltOTOii doa)da~ (II r I) n Tpla ilTTcn)totJaTa lilatpcuY tJltTa~U TWY ~~IIUlVKaTII TIl Tlt)wTQia hI ~PXIOltY ty rpoundPtJaylI ~ TTPOltTOltJaola KaYCYI0tJWY lilll TOY lJTTC)CYIshyOtJOY TOU OUYTlt)ltOToii 1I0a)da~ ~yaYTI 9pauopoundw~ TTpayWv H TTPCOCX~ TWY tJpound)poundTl]TWY pnlDVllUlV tOTPell TTpO~ TOY OplOtJOY TCU Fellenius

5 nopallpoundlYlio UTTC)CYIOIICO TOO aUVTt)taTcO ila+o)toij haVTI ICOTC)Ia9fyshyatwij

MpoundTa TO TTtpa~ T~~ KaTaOKW~~ tYO~ pelytJaTC~ ( IX I) ) Kalo)iyoy TTpO ~~ dyu+Wopoundw~

T~~ OTel9tJ ~~ )[tJYI]~ ttJltTp~B] tj~ TOY TTUp~ya TTIpoundOIS TTOpWY iOl] TTpO~ TO~tJIOU TCU TTtPKtlfltyOU pelPCU~ TCG OUtJTTpoundTTUKYWtJtyCU )IKOG 0 l)poundyxo~ TOU OUyn)poundOTCU oashy)poundias )Ia ~Y KaTelOTaOlY TaUTI]Y liIpoundYlpy~B] PelOtl TWY Ii I t pya 0 T I] P I a K W Y Ii 0shy

K I tJ W Y TT P 0 0 Ii I 0 P I 0 9 t lOW V TT a p a tJ t T P WY p = 16deg Kal c = 06 [Xy I tK ) lila TOY TTupqya (U)IKOY 1 ) Kal p = 40 lila TO oWfia dYTlOTl]pi~twS ()IKOY 2 ) npo~ TeUTe txwploB] d lila Ku)iYlipou 6pl~6f1poundYes (YKC~ d~ )wpllia~ H tJlt)tTl] Kaj OllYshy9lt01~ TWY tUyaflpoundwV tTTI tKaOTl]S )wpilieS tytYltTe paotl T~~ tJt96lieu TeG Krey ( 86 ) (IX 12) tvw lilo ~Y oepperrlay TWY liuYeltJpoundwy KaTa ~v 6plaK~Y rrltpITTTwoIY tTl]p~B] d 6ploflo~ TeU Fellenius

r

2

I- b -12

- hJJ

_ --I_YV3wp

IX

1

v

3

bUV6J1I[It tv~pYoUaol tnl T1tc )wpl6cK

5LOV p6p~ G = r - b - b

T = N~p + c lvea

N = N+U C=c-I U = u-I

b1 = -shy

aua

bLO Til laopporr[ov de 11) 6ltu9umv V tax IV=O

G = U - aua + Nbullbull + N~p - ~ + C - ~+

+ I E-E) - ~~ Etl - Eo d u d~)1jdlX =0

bIQ Til loopponiov TWV POnWv laxucl

MI = Mt

EO middot laquo= lT middot r lv811 (1 ~ r ~J4

1 G - r - ~ = 1 ( Nmiddotraquo + C 1 - r

1y _ It _ b ~ _ l b ( Y bull h - u + c - ~p ) bull I r- 1~ + auva bull II P

EX 12 H ampvaAUTlICfJ It8060c TOO Krey fig 12 The onolyllcol method of Kry

0 aUVTpoundMltm)~ lIaejoaAda~ elval t~ lIPX~~ aYVWaTO~ 0 6t TTpo0610pla1lO~ ajyoO Y(VCTal 731TJIbullbull 60KlflaaT1KW~ ITOI ylvCTal TTapa6cKTO~ cl~ OUVTCACltm)~ (TTX I ) 1) oU POOCI TOO Opl111111101 01100 TOU Felleniu5 UTTOAOy(~ovTal a I 6 III T ~ v 100 P P 0 TT I a v 1I TT a ITO Ufl cshy

val TT a p 0 fl pound T pOI pel Kat c AI TTapoflCTpol Pel Kat c cloay61lcval cl~ TOV UTTOIIDIIIIII AOY10floV KaTIl Krey (LX 13 ) 6tv +tpouv TTOVTOTC w~ oTToTiAcofla ~v 100ppoTTIav flCTa~u TWV POTTWV 1)poocw~ Kat lIVT1)pOOCW~ H 61atopll [l(Ta~u porrij~ 1)PQOCW~ Kat lIVTl6poocw~ (fl ) UaTToOTal loov TTCploo6TCpOV 0 TTapa6c6cy[llvo~ OUVTCACltm)~ TTAl alll~Cl TTpO~ TOV op90v OUVTCACltm)V lIo+aAcia~

fl0 TOV UTTOAOY10flOV TOG ouvTcAcOToG 1I0+aAcla~ cl~ TO KOrw91 TTapo1)clYfla (LX 13) tytVOVTO Tpci~ 1)oKlfla( t~ WV Kat TTpotKu~av Tpti~ 1)la+opal flCTa~u POTTWV 6pllopoundw~ Kat OVTl1)poocw~

Ai 1)la+opal aUTOI 1)160uv tTTt TOO ouoniflaTo~ ouvTETaYfltvwv (fl I) KaflTTuAlv fjTl~ Ttflvouoa TOV li~ova r 5(1)cl ~v 6p9~v Tl[l~v 1)10 TOV OUVTCACltm)V 1I0+aAcla~

LUV~X~ iaoppo n iac lynttiJIU [ ybh middot lUI middot cbGfamp

ILl bull 1JUkIlaquo middotI It J 6 7 10 OnLOI16r FELtENUS f I n- b

tlt)P c f[~ bull TtdKONltD lll l KON (1) bull Y- 200 ~ y_ 220 ~ iI ~ 0 YO Yhb 1v yO

[~ IYAlx6 I I -

71 21

L-- I ~

2

c o d1 02J-t7r) ll1Lbull (MI9) ~ ~ jltgt bull (IS) ( l(J)

ff 7 Yo - 6ut 1bullbull 15 1~22

1 2 J ~ 5 0 I 8 9 10 11 12 tv(pyoi ~dQ( g [X~J

I Sdeg -- -- 1 I J ~ I ~ qQ

IJ o(U

ki-as1ollliOlyoM

I 2J

- shy~qo

Ix 13 napQ6cIYjQ uoAoyla~oij TOU aUVTtUOTOU ~O~dQt Fig- 13 An exomple to calculate the safty foctor

0 UTTOAOY10flO~ TOO OUVTpoundMOTOO oO+aAcla~ OTTOTEACl fllav TWV TTAtov tTTlTT6vwv tVCPYC1WV tv Tfj E6a+ofl)xavlKij npo~ TTPO(1)IOPIOflOV TOO 1)uofltVtaTtpou OUVTCACOTOO e1val aTTashypalTl]To~ ~ tTTav6))~I~ TOU UTTOAOYIOflOU tTTt TTpoundplOOOTtpwv tTTl+aVpoundlWV 6Alo9~ocw~_

H 9tol~ TOG 1)UOflCVCOTtpOU KUKAOU 6AlaeOCW~ 1)IO+tPCl 6 tKlIC1TI)v t~cTa~ofltVl)v

TTcp(mwolv cUOTa9da~ TOG aUTOU TTpavou~ (ntpa~ KaTaoKcuij~ Taxda TaTTcivwOl~ ~ aTa9tpll 61~9)0l~) ETTlaTJ~ 1)la+tpcl 1)0 ~V au~v TTcplmwOIV tllv XP)0l1l0TT01)90UV 1)I04gt0POI tK+plloCl~ TOU OUVlCACOTOO oo+aAda~ middotO~ tK TOUTOU 6 1)1middot ~ApoundKTPOVIKOO tYKpoundshyejo4AOU OUVloflwTCpO~ UTTOAOY10[l0~ ouvavTlt- Kal atiflEpov OK6fl) ~uoKoAla~

BpAoypa+la - Bibliography

lA 1] Bureau or rfclamation tTrealise on Dams Chapter 8 Earth Dams ashington DC 191 1 lA 2] FelLenius W Errlstatische Berechnungen mit Reibung und Kohlisionll Berlin 1927 und 1940 fA 3] Krey - Ehnmhers laquoErddruck - Erdwiderstand und Traglahigkeit des Baugrundes~ Berlin 1932

Verlag Wilhelm Ernst Und Sohn lA 4] T aylQr D W Fundamentals or Soil Mechanics New York 19~~ John Wiley and Sons (S 11 Bihop A W The Stability or Earth nambullbull Thsis IUnivorsity or London) 1952

dplotJdy TOO OUYTlt)ltOTOii doa)da~ (II r I) n Tpla ilTTcn)totJaTa lilatpcuY tJltTa~U TWY ~~IIUlVKaTII TIl Tlt)wTQia hI ~PXIOltY ty rpoundPtJaylI ~ TTPOltTOltJaola KaYCYI0tJWY lilll TOY lJTTC)CYIshyOtJOY TOU OUYTlt)ltOToii 1I0a)da~ ~yaYTI 9pauopoundw~ TTpayWv H TTPCOCX~ TWY tJpound)poundTl]TWY pnlDVllUlV tOTPell TTpO~ TOY OplOtJOY TCU Fellenius

5 nopallpoundlYlio UTTC)CYIOIICO TOO aUVTt)taTcO ila+o)toij haVTI ICOTC)Ia9fyshyatwij

MpoundTa TO TTtpa~ T~~ KaTaOKW~~ tYO~ pelytJaTC~ ( IX I) ) Kalo)iyoy TTpO ~~ dyu+Wopoundw~

T~~ OTel9tJ ~~ )[tJYI]~ ttJltTp~B] tj~ TOY TTUp~ya TTIpoundOIS TTOpWY iOl] TTpO~ TO~tJIOU TCU TTtPKtlfltyOU pelPCU~ TCG OUtJTTpoundTTUKYWtJtyCU )IKOG 0 l)poundyxo~ TOU OUyn)poundOTCU oashy)poundias )Ia ~Y KaTelOTaOlY TaUTI]Y liIpoundYlpy~B] PelOtl TWY Ii I t pya 0 T I] P I a K W Y Ii 0shy

K I tJ W Y TT P 0 0 Ii I 0 P I 0 9 t lOW V TT a p a tJ t T P WY p = 16deg Kal c = 06 [Xy I tK ) lila TOY TTupqya (U)IKOY 1 ) Kal p = 40 lila TO oWfia dYTlOTl]pi~twS ()IKOY 2 ) npo~ TeUTe txwploB] d lila Ku)iYlipou 6pl~6f1poundYes (YKC~ d~ )wpllia~ H tJlt)tTl] Kaj OllYshy9lt01~ TWY tUyaflpoundwV tTTI tKaOTl]S )wpilieS tytYltTe paotl T~~ tJt96lieu TeG Krey ( 86 ) (IX 12) tvw lilo ~Y oepperrlay TWY liuYeltJpoundwy KaTa ~v 6plaK~Y rrltpITTTwoIY tTl]p~B] d 6ploflo~ TeU Fellenius

r

2

I- b -12

- hJJ

_ --I_YV3wp

IX

1

v

3

bUV6J1I[It tv~pYoUaol tnl T1tc )wpl6cK

5LOV p6p~ G = r - b - b

T = N~p + c lvea

N = N+U C=c-I U = u-I

b1 = -shy

aua

bLO Til laopporr[ov de 11) 6ltu9umv V tax IV=O

G = U - aua + Nbullbull + N~p - ~ + C - ~+

+ I E-E) - ~~ Etl - Eo d u d~)1jdlX =0

bIQ Til loopponiov TWV POnWv laxucl

MI = Mt

EO middot laquo= lT middot r lv811 (1 ~ r ~J4

1 G - r - ~ = 1 ( Nmiddotraquo + C 1 - r

1y _ It _ b ~ _ l b ( Y bull h - u + c - ~p ) bull I r- 1~ + auva bull II P

EX 12 H ampvaAUTlICfJ It8060c TOO Krey fig 12 The onolyllcol method of Kry

0 aUVTpoundMltm)~ lIaejoaAda~ elval t~ lIPX~~ aYVWaTO~ 0 6t TTpo0610pla1lO~ ajyoO Y(VCTal 731TJIbullbull 60KlflaaT1KW~ ITOI ylvCTal TTapa6cKTO~ cl~ OUVTCACltm)~ (TTX I ) 1) oU POOCI TOO Opl111111101 01100 TOU Felleniu5 UTTOAOy(~ovTal a I 6 III T ~ v 100 P P 0 TT I a v 1I TT a ITO Ufl cshy

val TT a p 0 fl pound T pOI pel Kat c AI TTapoflCTpol Pel Kat c cloay61lcval cl~ TOV UTTOIIDIIIIII AOY10floV KaTIl Krey (LX 13 ) 6tv +tpouv TTOVTOTC w~ oTToTiAcofla ~v 100ppoTTIav flCTa~u TWV POTTWV 1)poocw~ Kat lIVT1)pOOCW~ H 61atopll [l(Ta~u porrij~ 1)PQOCW~ Kat lIVTl6poocw~ (fl ) UaTToOTal loov TTCploo6TCpOV 0 TTapa6c6cy[llvo~ OUVTCACltm)~ TTAl alll~Cl TTpO~ TOV op90v OUVTCACltm)V lIo+aAcia~

fl0 TOV UTTOAOY10flOV TOG ouvTcAcOToG 1I0+aAcla~ cl~ TO KOrw91 TTapo1)clYfla (LX 13) tytVOVTO Tpci~ 1)oKlfla( t~ WV Kat TTpotKu~av Tpti~ 1)la+opal flCTa~u POTTWV 6pllopoundw~ Kat OVTl1)poocw~

Ai 1)la+opal aUTOI 1)160uv tTTt TOO ouoniflaTo~ ouvTETaYfltvwv (fl I) KaflTTuAlv fjTl~ Ttflvouoa TOV li~ova r 5(1)cl ~v 6p9~v Tl[l~v 1)10 TOV OUVTCACltm)V 1I0+aAcla~

LUV~X~ iaoppo n iac lynttiJIU [ ybh middot lUI middot cbGfamp

ILl bull 1JUkIlaquo middotI It J 6 7 10 OnLOI16r FELtENUS f I n- b

tlt)P c f[~ bull TtdKONltD lll l KON (1) bull Y- 200 ~ y_ 220 ~ iI ~ 0 YO Yhb 1v yO

[~ IYAlx6 I I -

71 21

L-- I ~

2

c o d1 02J-t7r) ll1Lbull (MI9) ~ ~ jltgt bull (IS) ( l(J)

ff 7 Yo - 6ut 1bullbull 15 1~22

1 2 J ~ 5 0 I 8 9 10 11 12 tv(pyoi ~dQ( g [X~J

I Sdeg -- -- 1 I J ~ I ~ qQ

IJ o(U

ki-as1ollliOlyoM

I 2J

- shy~qo

Ix 13 napQ6cIYjQ uoAoyla~oij TOU aUVTtUOTOU ~O~dQt Fig- 13 An exomple to calculate the safty foctor

0 UTTOAOY10flO~ TOO OUVTpoundMOTOO oO+aAcla~ OTTOTEACl fllav TWV TTAtov tTTlTT6vwv tVCPYC1WV tv Tfj E6a+ofl)xavlKij npo~ TTPO(1)IOPIOflOV TOO 1)uofltVtaTtpou OUVTCACOTOO e1val aTTashypalTl]To~ ~ tTTav6))~I~ TOU UTTOAOYIOflOU tTTt TTpoundplOOOTtpwv tTTl+aVpoundlWV 6Alo9~ocw~_

H 9tol~ TOG 1)UOflCVCOTtpOU KUKAOU 6AlaeOCW~ 1)IO+tPCl 6 tKlIC1TI)v t~cTa~ofltVl)v

TTcp(mwolv cUOTa9da~ TOG aUTOU TTpavou~ (ntpa~ KaTaoKcuij~ Taxda TaTTcivwOl~ ~ aTa9tpll 61~9)0l~) ETTlaTJ~ 1)la+tpcl 1)0 ~V au~v TTcplmwOIV tllv XP)0l1l0TT01)90UV 1)I04gt0POI tK+plloCl~ TOU OUVlCACOTOO oo+aAda~ middotO~ tK TOUTOU 6 1)1middot ~ApoundKTPOVIKOO tYKpoundshyejo4AOU OUVloflwTCpO~ UTTOAOY10[l0~ ouvavTlt- Kal atiflEpov OK6fl) ~uoKoAla~

BpAoypa+la - Bibliography

lA 1] Bureau or rfclamation tTrealise on Dams Chapter 8 Earth Dams ashington DC 191 1 lA 2] FelLenius W Errlstatische Berechnungen mit Reibung und Kohlisionll Berlin 1927 und 1940 fA 3] Krey - Ehnmhers laquoErddruck - Erdwiderstand und Traglahigkeit des Baugrundes~ Berlin 1932

Verlag Wilhelm Ernst Und Sohn lA 4] T aylQr D W Fundamentals or Soil Mechanics New York 19~~ John Wiley and Sons (S 11 Bihop A W The Stability or Earth nambullbull Thsis IUnivorsity or London) 1952

0 aUVTpoundMltm)~ lIaejoaAda~ elval t~ lIPX~~ aYVWaTO~ 0 6t TTpo0610pla1lO~ ajyoO Y(VCTal 731TJIbullbull 60KlflaaT1KW~ ITOI ylvCTal TTapa6cKTO~ cl~ OUVTCACltm)~ (TTX I ) 1) oU POOCI TOO Opl111111101 01100 TOU Felleniu5 UTTOAOy(~ovTal a I 6 III T ~ v 100 P P 0 TT I a v 1I TT a ITO Ufl cshy

val TT a p 0 fl pound T pOI pel Kat c AI TTapoflCTpol Pel Kat c cloay61lcval cl~ TOV UTTOIIDIIIIII AOY10floV KaTIl Krey (LX 13 ) 6tv +tpouv TTOVTOTC w~ oTToTiAcofla ~v 100ppoTTIav flCTa~u TWV POTTWV 1)poocw~ Kat lIVT1)pOOCW~ H 61atopll [l(Ta~u porrij~ 1)PQOCW~ Kat lIVTl6poocw~ (fl ) UaTToOTal loov TTCploo6TCpOV 0 TTapa6c6cy[llvo~ OUVTCACltm)~ TTAl alll~Cl TTpO~ TOV op90v OUVTCACltm)V lIo+aAcia~

fl0 TOV UTTOAOY10flOV TOG ouvTcAcOToG 1I0+aAcla~ cl~ TO KOrw91 TTapo1)clYfla (LX 13) tytVOVTO Tpci~ 1)oKlfla( t~ WV Kat TTpotKu~av Tpti~ 1)la+opal flCTa~u POTTWV 6pllopoundw~ Kat OVTl1)poocw~

Ai 1)la+opal aUTOI 1)160uv tTTt TOO ouoniflaTo~ ouvTETaYfltvwv (fl I) KaflTTuAlv fjTl~ Ttflvouoa TOV li~ova r 5(1)cl ~v 6p9~v Tl[l~v 1)10 TOV OUVTCACltm)V 1I0+aAcla~

LUV~X~ iaoppo n iac lynttiJIU [ ybh middot lUI middot cbGfamp

ILl bull 1JUkIlaquo middotI It J 6 7 10 OnLOI16r FELtENUS f I n- b

tlt)P c f[~ bull TtdKONltD lll l KON (1) bull Y- 200 ~ y_ 220 ~ iI ~ 0 YO Yhb 1v yO

[~ IYAlx6 I I -

71 21

L-- I ~

2

c o d1 02J-t7r) ll1Lbull (MI9) ~ ~ jltgt bull (IS) ( l(J)

ff 7 Yo - 6ut 1bullbull 15 1~22

1 2 J ~ 5 0 I 8 9 10 11 12 tv(pyoi ~dQ( g [X~J

I Sdeg -- -- 1 I J ~ I ~ qQ

IJ o(U

ki-as1ollliOlyoM

I 2J

- shy~qo

Ix 13 napQ6cIYjQ uoAoyla~oij TOU aUVTtUOTOU ~O~dQt Fig- 13 An exomple to calculate the safty foctor

0 UTTOAOY10flO~ TOO OUVTpoundMOTOO oO+aAcla~ OTTOTEACl fllav TWV TTAtov tTTlTT6vwv tVCPYC1WV tv Tfj E6a+ofl)xavlKij npo~ TTPO(1)IOPIOflOV TOO 1)uofltVtaTtpou OUVTCACOTOO e1val aTTashypalTl]To~ ~ tTTav6))~I~ TOU UTTOAOYIOflOU tTTt TTpoundplOOOTtpwv tTTl+aVpoundlWV 6Alo9~ocw~_

H 9tol~ TOG 1)UOflCVCOTtpOU KUKAOU 6AlaeOCW~ 1)IO+tPCl 6 tKlIC1TI)v t~cTa~ofltVl)v

TTcp(mwolv cUOTa9da~ TOG aUTOU TTpavou~ (ntpa~ KaTaoKcuij~ Taxda TaTTcivwOl~ ~ aTa9tpll 61~9)0l~) ETTlaTJ~ 1)la+tpcl 1)0 ~V au~v TTcplmwOIV tllv XP)0l1l0TT01)90UV 1)I04gt0POI tK+plloCl~ TOU OUVlCACOTOO oo+aAda~ middotO~ tK TOUTOU 6 1)1middot ~ApoundKTPOVIKOO tYKpoundshyejo4AOU OUVloflwTCpO~ UTTOAOY10[l0~ ouvavTlt- Kal atiflEpov OK6fl) ~uoKoAla~

BpAoypa+la - Bibliography

lA 1] Bureau or rfclamation tTrealise on Dams Chapter 8 Earth Dams ashington DC 191 1 lA 2] FelLenius W Errlstatische Berechnungen mit Reibung und Kohlisionll Berlin 1927 und 1940 fA 3] Krey - Ehnmhers laquoErddruck - Erdwiderstand und Traglahigkeit des Baugrundes~ Berlin 1932

Verlag Wilhelm Ernst Und Sohn lA 4] T aylQr D W Fundamentals or Soil Mechanics New York 19~~ John Wiley and Sons (S 11 Bihop A W The Stability or Earth nambullbull Thsis IUnivorsity or London) 1952

738 tB 2] Bihop AW ulld Ujarfrtm I bull dildcutllng I1n(1 AIIWlndhark(~ d 11 es IJlmiddot(l i adl~illv(~rs llch(FI rOr dio Lo~ung von HtandsiehcorheilsalilgabNJi) ~)r~(~ Lh()l~kniokL imititut Plhliktj on Nt 1

I U 3] loro(Iicka II Die Standsicherheit eincr Bilschung in lheorie lind Pra xi ~ I)t~ I il uuingc ni O-IIr Heft tU t19U~

f B 4 ] lJrclh II Stand und Entwi eklullhSrichlung des labJJerrenbuucsu Plnnen unn BRuen 13a nd

NI to Od1O [0 5] Bnth H und Kiicklmanll G laquoDer P(Henv~usordluck in ErddLimlllclh Die Bautcchnik H urt I

Jan HI)4

6J Breth H ~llt~jnige i]3eflIIkuflglgtn Gber die StuIl(JiduHhcit on Da mm L fl und Bl) chunge n ~ Die BalJtechnik Herl 1 Jan 19JG

LE ] Breth H und SomnL1 If ltDi- Entwurfsbcall)fitlllLg d es Icntron middot Damnws in Gri echenla nd ~Dic Waltrrmiddot wirLschClH Hcft12 D 7 1963

I II 8] lireth H ~GrllndP-3llr Lei del PI nung unr AusfLihrullg- von RtIIHhi mmen o Str1SBen und Tie bau Hert Juli 1961

I B 91 FrOhlich OK ~icherh eit gege ll filluchung- ciner Br(hll as= ~~ lUr It reis ylinuri)che G lei trJ ii ch r~ mit B(riieksichtigung der Spa nnungsvorl tl ilLLng in d ilHlcr OIHilflach et Fcdcrh ofer - Gilkml nn - F os lmiddot oIehrift ien 1950

III lOllunder J 4cB cs timmung der Schcd c5 tigluH s trukllllcmpfinclli cher n ii c fgt LL ILnlt ~ r hrs ondr rHr Bemiddot riicksich tigung der Serkrritic Mi tteilungen dew Vprsuc hsanstans talt fur W fl sscr ~ und G rund middot bau GTII - Zurich Nr 58

[8 11J Hvorslev M ~Ueber die F(~s tigkeil gcsWrter hind ig f 13ijd clu Ingenirkabelige S krirter A N 1 1937

(B 121 Rf riul E (tOn till S tability of the UpS lleam Slope of E arlh Dalli5t Bull 18 Ins lilut Hydra ushylics of th e R oynl lnstilut T echn Sued e 19

ra -13 1 Srhniu~r ( 1t1ld lelln J ~Si ck ers lro lllungcn als F olge von Slalls pi(gebchw~nklJngcn in Edam menlo Schveizcrische Bau1citung Heft It 1957