8. arbitraje.revista romana de arbitraje
TRANSCRIPT
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8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
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CURTEA DE ARBITRAJ COMERCIAL
INTERNATIONAL
c.c.I.R.
REVISTA
ROMANA
DEARBITRA.I
f,7
nnxrRoP
&
srRAToN
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Cuprins
I .
STUDII,
ARTICOLE,
COMENTARII
The New Chilean
Law on
International
Commercial
Arbitration
-
Juan
Eduardo
Figueroa
Valdes
Interpretri
al convenliei
arbitrale
in
jurisprudenga
romn
gi elvegian
I)
-
dr.
Radu
Bogdan
Bobei
Autonomia convenliei
arbitrale
in interdependenl cu
principiul
Kompetenz-Kompetenz
-
lect. univ.
drd. Cristina
Florescu
Mon ismsaudua l i sm ina rb i t r a ju l
omerc ia l
I I I ) - p ro f .
un i v .
d r .
V i c to rB ab iuc
. . . .
' . . 37
LaNov i t l ne l l e recen t i i f o rme ta l i anenmate r ied i a rb i t r a to -G io rg ioMeo . . . . . . . . 42
t I .
JURIS P RU
E NTA
A RB ITRA LA
Competeng
Stabilirea
chivoc
compcrenfei
nstancide arbitraj
nstituqionalizat
accepgiunea
intagmei,,locul
rbitmjului
uaf la
Bucure;ti" util izarea
imbii engleze
n
procedr-rra
rrbitral clauz
ompromisorie
dentic
cu
clauza-tip
de
arbitraj recomandat
e Curtea
Inrernational
e
Arbitraj de
pe lng
Camera
de Comer
Internaional
u
s e d i u l l a P a r i s .
. " 5 7
investirea
nstangei rarale
u soluionarea
nui
litigiu decurgnd
in
sau
n legtur
cu un contract
conginnd
o
clauz ompromisorie
valid
qi
operant
dezinvestireau puterede lucru judecata instanqei tatale consecinte
-
obligaia
ribunaluluiarbitral
de a
proceda
a verificarearopriei
ompetente
e
solutionare
it igiului
inlocuirea
procedurii
somagiei e
plata de procedura
prer,z.ut
e RPA-CA
in
temeiul
art.
5
din
aceste
eguli
. . .
i8
Neindicarea
n
coninutul
clauzei ompromisorii
a
numelui
arbitrilor
saua modalitgii
e numire
a lor
-
indi-
ca rea ins t i t u l i e i
e rmanen te
e a rb i t r a j
re ia
se a t r i bu ieso lug iona rea l i t i g iu lu i - consec in e
. . . . . 60
Inexistenga
lauzei
ompromisorii
n conrractul
i t igios existenga
nui
clauze
ompromisorii
n conginutul
unui
alt
conrracr
ncheiat ntre aceleaEi
r i
-
existenqe-sine-stttoare
celor
dou
contracte
consecinqe
.61
Accepiunea
intagmei
, l i t igi i
patrimoniale"
caracter rbitrabil
al
aciunii
n evacuare
consecinge
. ' . .62
ClauzcomDromisorie lternativ sesizarea,u
prioritate,
a instantei
statale
consecinle
Opgiunea
xclusiv
prilor penrru
n.stana
udectoreasc
aupentru
arbitraj
libertatea e
a incheia,
de a
nu
incheia
5i
de
a desfiina
convenfia arbitral
-
mutuus clnsensus-mutuus
isensus
' . .65
Procedur
arbitral
Decesul nei
pri
i t igante
n
cadrul
procedurii
arbitrale
obligativitatea
ronun rii
hotrrii
n termende trei
luni de
a constituirearibunalului
arbitral
nerealizarea
ransmisiunii
egale cali t i l i i
procesuale
asive
consecinte
Lipsa
caracterului
ormal a
incercri ide soluionare
e cale
amiabil
a lit igiului
comercial
aplicarea
revede-
rilor art.
720'
C.pr.civi la
n condigi i le
onvenitede
pri excepIia
naplicabil i tal i i
procedurii
concil ier i i
preala-
bi le - stricta nterpretare iaplicare excepqici . . . 6 8
Hotrre
arbitral
Cerere
de
indreptare,
murire
gi
completare
sentinfeiarbitrale
inadmisibilitate
specif icul
rocedurii
arbi-
t r a l e - c o n s e c i n t e
. . .
' . . 6 9
Nr. 3
(7)/Iulie-Septembrie
2OO8
1 8
26
67
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Cupr ins
Efectele
otrriiarbitrale
autoritatede
lucru
iudecat
consecinte
Cheltuieli arbitrale
72
Achitarea
ntegral
litigios punerea
n
a debitului
reclamatpn
la
prima
zi
de
inFqi;are
intrziere e drept
cu privire
a
plata
cheltuielilor
e
-
caracterul
comercial
al
contractului
arbitrare
nainte de
introducerea
ererii
de arbitrare
76
Prescriplia
dreptului
material
la
acliune
Refuzulde plata filei CEC girate neexercitareae ctreposesorul EC-ului a dreptului de regresmpotriva giran-
tului,
trgtorului
Ei
celor lal i
obligagi
in tcrmenul dc
prescripgie
e 6
luni
-
consecinge
dublarea
raportului
i-rndamental e un
raport derivat din girarea
unor
filc
CEC
in
scopul
stingerii
debitului principal
con-
secinele
aportului de accesorialirate
ntre
aciunile
derivate
in transmisiunea
nui
CEC
qi
aciunea
cavzaJ .
.77
Stingerea
obligafilor
comerciale
Inexistenta aracterului
ert,
ichid
9i
exigibi l
al obligaiei
banegti consecine
. , ,79
Novaq ie r i nsch imbarede
eb i t o r -p r i nc ip i i
de
n te rp re ta re
.
. . . . ' . '
81
Contract
de asigurare
Neexecutare ulpabil de ctreasigurtora obligaieide a anexacontractului de asigurare ocumentele
eferitoare
la expedigia, ransportul,
recepgiamrfurilo
asigurate
consecinge
lipsa svririi
de ctre
asigurat,
cu
intenie
,"'-r it-,culp,
a unor
acrede natur
s mpiedice
subrogarea
sigurtorului
n
drepturile
sale pasivitatea
otal
a
asigurtorului
obligaia
contractual
a asigurtorului
de
a plati
indemnizalia
de asigurare
inexistenga
vreunei meniuni
pe documentele
de transport
cr-r rivire
la avarierea
mrfii asigurate
momentul anterio
predarii
spre
ransporta
mrfii asigurate
consecinqe
. . .84
Contract
de
leasing
Execurarea argiala
i
cu
intrziere e
ctreutilizatora
obligaiei e plat
a
ratelorde
leasing
i
a primelor
de
asi-
gu ra re - rez i l i e reconven t iona l - consec in e
' . . . . 87
Neconresrareae
ctreutilizaror
a nepltii
sumei
de
bani datorate
u t i t lu de penalit i
i
comisioane
consecine
ta-x e reziliere calificare finali tate inexistenra nui dezechil ibru emnificativntre drepturilegi obligaEiile
prgilor
consecinre
lipsa emiterii
facrurii iscale ferente
rei de
reziliere
nerelevang
stipularea
nor
sancliuni
conrracruale
lternative enrru
ntrzierea
laii
ratelor
e
easing
aplicarea
ancgiunii
ezilieriin temeiul
ur.rui
ac t
comisoriu
xpres e gradul
V
. . . 89
III. VARIA
A. Congrese,
conferinte,
ateliere
,,Conuenia
e la New
Yorle
50
de ani",
1 februarie
2008,
New York
. . . .93
B. Recenzii
B.l. Arbitration
International,
4, 2007
241 pagini
. . , .
.
93
B.2. AustrianArbitration
Yearbook
2008, Editura C.H.
Beck,Stampfli,
Manz, Viena,
2008,
532
pagini
. .93
Resta
Romn
de Arbitraj
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Content
I. STUDIES,
ARTICLES, COMMENTARIES
The New Chilean
Law on
International
Commercial
Arbitration
(I)
-
Juan
Eduardo
Figueroa
Valdes .
. . .
I
Approaches
of arbitration
agreement
n Romanian
and Swiss
case
aw- Radu
Bogdan
Bobei,
Ph.D. .
. . l8
Separability
of arbitration
agreement
and
its relation with
Kompetenz
-
Kompetenz
principle
-
PHD
candi-
d a i e C r i s t i n a F l o r e s c u ,
e c t u r e r
. . , . . . . . 2 6
Monism or dualism in commercial arbitration (III) - Profcs.sorictor Babiuc,Ph.D.
LaNov i t ) ne l l e recen t i
i f o rme
ta l i anen
mate r ie i a rb i t r a to -G io rg io
Meo
' . . . . . . . 42
II.
ARBITRAL
IURISPRUDENCE
Competence
Ambiguous
assignation f
the competence
f
an arbitral
ribunal
constituted
under
institutionalised
Rulesof
arbitration-meaning
of words
,,t/e
uenue
f arbitration shall
be
Bucharest"
using
English
anguage
n arbitral
pro-
cedure
-
arbitral
clause
d.ntical
with standard
clause
recommended
by
International
Court
of
Arbitration
attached
o the
InternationalChamber
of
Commerce
rom
Paris
' ' '
' ' '
57
Submitting
stare
ourr
with sett l inga
disputearising
out
of or
in connection
with
the contract
containing
a valid
and
operati,re
rbitral agreemenr
reject by state
court with
power
of res
udicata
of submitting
with settling
hat
dispuie
consequen.es
taskof arbitral
ribunal
to proceed
with veri$' ing
ts own
competence
o settle
he dis-
pure
-
replacing
he procedure
of pal,ment
noticc rvith the
procedure
provided
by
Rules of
procedure
ssuedby
Romanian
Court of
Arbi t rat ion
under
a t .
5
of thcsc
Rules
. . . . .
58
Lack of
making
referenceo rhe
namesof arbitr:rtors
r to
the
n-rerhod f
appointrnent
f arbitrators
rovided
by
arbitration
g.."-.n,-
making
referenceo permanent
arbitral
nstitution
for settling
of
the dispute
s referred
c o n s e q u e n c e s
" " " 6 0
Lack of arbitrat ion
agreemenr
n
disputed
conrract
arbitration
agreement
ontained
n
an another
contract
conc ludedby thesamear r i es - se l f - con ta inedx is tencef t hose wo con t rac t s - consequences' . . . . . ' ' 6 l
Men ingo f
words , , p rope r r yd i spu tes " -a rb i t r ab i l i t yo f
c t i on
o rev i c t i on - consequences
. . . . . . 62
A l te rna t i vea rb i t r a t i on
g reemen t -p r i o r
mak ing re fe rence tos ta tecou r t s - consequences
. . .
. . . 64
Exclusive
oprion
of parties
to submit
the request
o state
court or
to arbitration
-
option
for concluding,
not
concluding
or for annulling
the arbitral
agreement
mttuus
lnsensus-mutuus
issensus
. . .65
Arbitral
Proceedings
proceedings-
ompulsoriness
f
rendering
he award
within
three
-
lack of acc omplishing
egal ransmission
f passive
us standi
-
Lack of
formal atrempr
ro settle
amicable
commercial
dispute
appliance
of an.
720'
Civi l
Procedural
Code
under consentment
f part ies
exceprion
f
impracticableness
f prior
conciliation
procedure
strict
nterpre-
t a t i o n a n d a p p l i a n c e o f
x c e p t i o n
. . .
' . . 6 8
37
Death
of
lit igating party during
the
arbitral
month
Fromconstitution
of arbitral
tribunal
conseouences . .
Nr. 3
(7)/lulie-Septembrie
2O08
II I
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Content
Arbitral Award
Request
or
correction,
clarification
or completion of
arbitral
award
-
inadmissibility
-
distinctive
feature of
a r b i t r a l p r o c e e d i n g s - c o n s e q u e n c e s . . .
' . . . . . . . 6 9
P owero f
rb i t r a l wa rd
res iud i ca ta - consequences
.
' . . . . . . 72
Arbitral
Expenses
Full payment
of claimed
debt prior to
the fir st day of
he
arings
commercial
natureof disputed
ontract
notice
de ure of delayof paymentarbi t ra lexpensesefore ubmission f requestor arb i t rat ion . . . . . . .76
Limitation
of substantive
right to act
Payment
refusal of
vouched CEC sheet
-
lack of exercising
he
right to throw-back
against the
guarantor'
drawer
and other
obligedpersons
within the
imitation periodof
6 month
-
consequences
doubling
he undamental
relationwith a
relationderiving
rom
guaranteeing
omeCEC
sheets
or payingoff
the
main
debt
-
consequences
f
accessory
elationbenveen ctions
deriving
rom transmission
f a CEC
sheetand
causal ction
. .
. . .
77
Extinguishment
of commercial
obligations
Lack of existence
f certain,
liquid and claimable
nature
of pecuniary
obligation
-
consequences
. .
' . . . .
79
Nova t ionbychang ingdeb to r -
r i nc ip les
f
i n te rp re ta t i on . .
. . . . 81
Insurance contract
l.ack of
faLrlry xecution
of the
insurer's bligation
o annex
o
insurance ontract
documents
elated
o expedi-
tion,
transport,
eceiving f
insuredgoods
consequcnces
insurant's
ack of accomplishing,
ith
intention
or
by
far"rlt, f a cts
n order ro
srop substitution
of
insr-rrcrn
its rights
full passivity
f
insurer
contractual
bl i-
gation
of
insure o pay the premium
-
lack of exi stence
f any
mention
on the
transPortdocuments
eferring
t o
i n j u r i e s s u f f e r e d b y i n s u r e d g o o d s - c o n s e q u e n c e s
. . .
. . . . .
' 8 4
Leasing contract
Partialand
with delayexecution
by user
of payment
obligation
of
leasing
nstallments
nd
insurance remium
-convent ional
annulment-consequences
.
' .
'87
Lack
of contesting y user
of not paying
he amount of
moneydue
aspenalties
nd
commissions
consequences
-
annulment
fee
interpretation
main
pLrrpose
lack of existence
f significant
dissymmetry
between
on-
tractual
rights and obligarions
-
consequences
lack of
issuing the
fiscal
nvoice
for annulment
fee
-
lack of
relevance stipulation
alternative
contractual sanctions
or delay
n payment
of
leasing nstalments
applying
the
annulment
sanctionbased
on a explicit
resolutive lause f
IVth degree
' . . .
. 89
III. MISCELLANEOUS
A. Congresses,
onferences,
orkshops
,,New
YorkConuention
50
years",
February 008, Neut
Yorh . .
B. Reviews
8.1. Arbitration
International,
4, 2007,
241
pagcs
.
.
. . . .
93
B.2.Austrian
rbitration
earbook008,C.H.
BeckPublisher,
tampfli,
Manz,Vienna,
008,532
pages
93
93
TV
Revista
Romn de
Abitrai
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8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
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Sommaire
I. TUOPS,
ARTICLES,
COMMENTAIRES
The New
Chilian
Law on International
Commercial
Arbitration
-
Juan
Eduardo
Figueroa
aldes
Interprtations
e a convention
arbitrale
dans
a
jurisprudence
oumaine
et suisse
I)
-
dr.
Radu
Bogdan
Bobei
Lautonomie
de
la clause
d'arbitrage
et
son
interdpendance
avec
e principe
Kompetenz-Kompetenz
-
drd.
Cristina
Florescu,
hargde
cours
Monisme
ou
dualisme
de
I'arbitrage
commercial
(ll l)
-
prof.
univ.
dr.
Victor
Babiuc
La Noti
nelle
recenti
riforme
italiane
in materie
di arbitrato
-
Giorgio
Meo
II.
JURISPRUDENCE
ARBITRALE
Comptence
Dtermination
quivoque
de
la
comptence
e
la
jur isdict ion
d'arbitrage
nstitut ionnalis
acception
u syn-
ragme
,le
ieu
de'I'arbitrage
sera
Bicaresr"
-
utilisation
de
la langue
anglaise
dans
la procdure
arbitrale
-
la
.liur.
.ornpromissoire
id.ntiqu.
la clause-type
d'arbitrage
recommande
par
la
Cour
Internationale
d'Arbitrage
"up.,
de
la Chambre
de
Commerce
nternational
igeant
Paris
' ' '
57
Saisrr
a
jur isdict ion
tatiqr:e
e
la
solut ion
d'un
li t ige
contenant
une
clause
ompromissoire
alideet
oprante
dsaisir
.
pn,..uoir.
. chose ugede la jur isdict iontatique consquencesobligationdu Tiibunal arbitralde
procder
la vrification
.*la
propre
con-rptence
e
solution
du
lit ige
-
substitution
de
la procdure
i ' i n o n c t i o . , d c p a y e r p a r l a p r o c d u r e
r v u e
a r R P A - C A c n v e r t u
e l ' a r t . 5
d e c e s r t g l e s
. . . . . . 5 8
Dfaur
d' indication
dans
e contenu
de
la claLrsc ompromissoire
u
nom des
arbitres
ou de
la
modalit
de
nomination
de
ceux-ci
idicarion de
I'insritution
permanenre
'arbitrage
harge
e
la solution
du
lit ige
con-
s q u e n c e s
" " " " 6 0
Inexistence
e
la clause
ompromissoire
ans
e contrat
i t igicux
-
existence
'une
clause
ompromissoire
ans
le contenu
d'un
autre
contrat
conclu
entre
esmmes
parties existence
ndpendante
es
deux
contrats
con-
squences
" "
'61
Acception
du syntagme
,litige.s
atrimoniaux
caractre
rbitrable
e
I'actionen
vacuation
consquences
. . 62
Clausecompromissoireal ternat ive-sais ine,
n pr ior i t,
e la
jur isdict ion
tat ique-consquences
' . . . .64
Option
exclusive
es parties
pour
la
jurisdiction
tatique
ou pour
I'arbitrage
libert de
conclure,
de
ne
pas
con-
clr.r."
t d'annuler
l" .o.r,r.r,tlon
arbitrale
-
mutuus
clnsensus-mutuus
issensus
' ' ' '
65
Procdure
arbitrale
l 8
zt)
42
Dcsd'une
partie
itigieusependant
a procdure
rbitrale
obligativit
du
trois
mois depuis
a
constitut ion
du
Tiibunal
arbitral
non
ralisation
e
la
prononc
e
jugement
part ir
de
transmission
galede
la
qualit
processuelle
assive
consquences
o /
Ddfaut
du caractre
ormal de
la tentative
de solution
)
I'amiablc
du
litige
commercial
application
des
dispositions
de
I'art.
720'
du
Code
de procdure
civile dans
les conditions
tablies
par
les parties
-
exception
de
l'inapplicabilit e la procdr"rree la conciliationpralable interprtation t applicationstrictede I'exception . 68
Sentence
arbitrale
Demande
de
correction,
explication
et compltement
du
jugement
arbitral
inadmissibilit
spcifique
e
la
procdure
rbitrale
consquences
Nr.
3
(7)/Iulie-Septembrie
2008
69
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Sommaire
Efectsde
la
dcision
arbitrale
-
autorit
de chose
uge
-
consquences
Frais de
I'arbitrage
Paiement
ntegraldu dbit
rclam
usqu'au
premier
our
de comparution
-
caractre
ommercial
du contrat
lit igieux
-
miie en
retard de
droit concernant
e
paiement
des
frais de
l'arbitrage
avant
l' introduction
de
la
deande
d'arbitrage
" "76
Prescription
du
droit
matriel
I'action
Refusde paiemenrde a feuillede chquegaranrie dfautd'exercicear e titulairedu chque u droit de regrs on-
tre
e grant,
e tireur
et lesautres
bligs ans
e dlaide prescriptior.r
e
6 mois
-
consquences
doublage
u
rapport
fond.ntal
par
un
rapporr dcoul
de
la garantie cs
euilles hque
dans
e but d'teindre
e dbit
principal
corl-
squences
u
rapporrd'accessorialit
nrre
esactions coulcs
le
a transmission
'un
chque
t
'action
causale
.77
Extinction
des
obligations
commerciales
Inexistence
u caractre
ert,
iquide et
exigiblede
I 'obligation
pcuniaire
consquences
.
. . . .
.7 9
Novation par
changement
u dbiteur
principes
d'interprtation
Contrat
d'assurance
Non excution oupablepar I'assureur e I 'obligation
de
oindre
au contrat
d'assurance
es
documents
elatifs
I'expdition,
u
rransporr,
la rception
des
marchandises
ssures
consquences
dfaut
de commission
ar
I'assur, vec
dol
oll par
faute, des
actesdestin.s
empcher
a subrogation
de
I'assureur
ans
sesdroits
-
passivit
otale
de
I'assureur
obligation
contractuelle
e
I'assureur
e payer
I'indemnisation
d'assurance
inexistence
'une
mention
sur
les documents
de trar-rsport
ur
l'avariede
la
marchandise
ssure
moment
a n r r i e u r l a
e m i s e p o u r l e
r a n s p o r t d e l a
a r c h a n d i s e
s s u r e - c o n s q u e n c e s
. . . . . . . 8 4
Contrat
de leasing
Excutionpartielle
er en retard
par
l'util isateurde
l 'obligation
de paiement
des
mensualits
e
leasing
t des
pr imesd'assurance-rsi l ia t ion
onvent ionnel le
consquences
'
"
"
"
'87
Manque
de conrester
ar
'urilisateur
u
montant d titre de
pnalits
t commissions
consquences
taxe
de
rsili-
arion-qualification - fin.lit - inexistence 'un dsquilibre ignificatifentre esdroitset lesobligations esParties
-
consquences
dfaut
d'mission
de
la facture
fiscale
elative
la taxe de
rsiliation
-
irrlvance
stipulation
des
sanctioni
conrracruelles
lternativespour
le rerarddu paiement
des
mensualits
e
leasing
application
de
la
sarction
de
la rsiliation
en
vertu
d'un
pacte
commissoire
exprsde
IV-me
degr
'
' ' ' ' ' 89
72
8 t
III.
VARIA
A. Congrs,
confrences,
ateliers
,,Conuention
e
New York
50
annes",
fvrier 2008,
New
York
B. Compte
rendus
B.1.
Arbitration
nternational,
, 2007 241 pages . . .
8.2.
Austrian
ubitration
Yearbook
2008,
Maison d'dition
C.H.
Beck,
Stampfli,
Manz,
Vienne,
2008,
93
93
\.I
5?? neoes
Resta
Romn
de
Arbitrai
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
9/25
Studi i .art icole, omentari i
The
New Chilean
aw
on
lnternational
ommercial
rbitration*
Juan
Eduardo
Figueroa
Valds
Abstract
The new
Chilean
International
Commercirl
Ar '
bitration
Law JV
19.971 integrates
Chile
with
rhe
coun-
tries
tbat
haue adopted
n
its international
organizatiott,
the
LTNCITRAL
nternational
Arbitration
Law of
19r95,
as
a resPTnse
o the
modern
tendency
o the
harmonizttrion
of the international
commercia/
arbi*ation
rules,
proui-
ding
a
flexible
regulation,
bdsed
on the
principle
oJ'auro'
nomy
of will
of the
parties.
It
contibutes
to clnuey
dn
image
of seriousness
nd reliability
to
the countr
within
the international business nd judicial communi4,, which
carries
udicial
securi4t
or
inuestors
and
foreign
clunter-
parts.
It creltes
a
juridical
system
or
the
resolution
of
international
controuersies
mong
priuate
people
in the
setting
of
the Association
Agreementbetuteen
Chile
and the
Eurl?ean community
and the United
Statesof
America.
Chile
n he
new
nternational
cenario
' l 'he
introduct ion
of Chi le
in the
Intcrnat ional
Commerce
nd
n the
global
Economv
hasstronglv
cve-
loped
n recent
ears.
n the
astFcw
ears
Chile
has igned
Free radc reat ies irh Canad,rn lq9- , rv i t l rMexico rr
1998,wi th
thc
EuropeanCommunit
Corea
and thc
U.S.
n 200 3 and
hasalso
atified
and subscribed
grcc-
ments,promotions
nd protection
f
investments
virh
30
countr ies;
9
European
ountries,
5
countries
rorn the
Asian
Pacificand
14 American
countries.'
Both
in the
Free
Trade
Tieatiesand
in the
Promotion
and
Protection
of
Investments
BITs)
a conflict
resolution
system
s ntro-
duced,
n which,
after
a
,,cooling
lt{ t ' er iod
or negotia-
t ion
and/or
l imi ted
Local Courts
intervent ion.
he
-
f t .^a
by Interamerican
Br Associat ion.
( lonference
XI-I ,
Buenos
Aires,
Argent ina,
Jul
2001.
'
Norwithstanding
other
14 subscr ibed
greenlents
f promotion
and
protect ion
of
instrument that
have
not been
r:r t i f ied
vet '
ancl '
adi t ional lv,
B
more agreements
with negot iat ions
n progress Sec
www.direcon.cl.
Nr.
3
(7)/lulie-Septembrie
2008
Juan
Eduardo
Figueroa
Valds
Rezumat
lrloua lege
chilian,i
a arbitrajului
comercial
nternlt'
tiondl
determinti
alinierea
statului
Chile
n
rndul
arilor
ce au
adoptat
in sistemul
reglementdrii
internaionale
Regulile
UNCITRAL
referitoare
la arbitrajul
comercial
itlrernatilnal,
ca un
rdspuns
a
tendina
modernd
de
ar'
monizare
d regulilor
arbitmjului
comercial
nternaional,
fiind
astfelfurnizatti
0
reglementare
lexibil,i
ntemeiata
pe
principiul autonomiei
de
uoind
a
pdrilor.
Aceastd
noud
reg/ementare
onnibuie
la
creareaunei
imagini
de serio'
zitate ti de ncredere statului Chile tn cadrul comunit,iii
internaionale
uridice
i
economice,
sPect
econtribuie
la
securitatea
uridic,i
a inuestitorilor
i
a partenerilor
acesto'
ra.
Este
creltt un
sistem
uridic
de soluionare
a litigiilor
intern/ltilna/e
dintre
entitai
priuate
prin tncheierea
nor
dcorduri
de asociere
ntre
Cbile,
Comu-nitatea
Europeand
si Srnrcle /nite
ale Americii.
Chi le
in noul
cadru
internat ional
Afirmarea
Republici i
Chile
in comergul
nternalio-
nal
; i
in economia
globala
-adezvoltat
uternic
n ult i-
ma perioad.n ult imii ani, Chile a semnatacorduride
liber schimb
cu
Canada
n 1997,
cu
Mexic
in 1998,
cu
Comunitatea
European,
u
republica
Coreea
i
Statele
Unite
in
2003
gi,
de
asemenea,
ratificat'
a aderat
a
acorduri
de promovare
;i
protecie
a
investiiilor
cu
30
de
state,
19 din
Europa,
5
gari
din
Asia
9i
14
ari
din
continentul
american'.
Att
in continutul
acordurilor
de
liber schimb,
ct
gi
n conEinutul
ratatelor
e prote-
jare
gi
promovare
a
investigiilor
aqa-numitele
IT-uri),
este
ntrodus
o
modalitate
de
solugionare
litigiilor
-
I*r., a fost premiat
cle
]nteramerican
Bar
Association,
Conf ir inta
XL. l ,
Buenos
Aires,
Argent ina,
ul ic,
2005.
intr-o pr im
fbrnri,
studiul
a fost publicat
in Revistabraz"ilian
e
arbitraj
qi
mediere
nr 6/2005,
p.
343-360
nota
edactorului-9ef
r.
Radu
Bogdan
Bobei) .
Frira
lua in cotrsiderar e
lte
14 acorduri
de
promovare
i
protejare
a
investitiilor,
acorduri
ce nu
au fost
nc rarificate
i,
n plus,
alte 8 acor-
duri
ce sc afl
n etapade
negociere.
sevedea
www.direcon.cl
Noua
egechil ian
arbitrajul
omercial
cu
privirea
international*
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
10/25
Studii . rt icole,omentari i
investor
may
directlv
bcgin
an
arbitral
procedure
gainst
the State.
Most BITs state hat this
arbitration
s promo-
ted under
the
rules
and
regulations f
the International
Center
or Resolution f
Investments
ICSID),
when he
signingStates
rcpart of the
,,Convcntion
n ResolLrtion
and Differences
elated o Investments
etweenStates nd
Natiorrs
rom othe r States"
965 Vashington Conven-
tion.
Otherwise,
nother ypeof
int i tut ionalarbirration
s
usually stablishcd
san alternative,
ikc the
International
Chamberof Commerce ICC) or th e ad hoc arbitration
under
the
regulation f the United
Nations Commirtee
for the
International
Commercial
Law; finall some
rreaties r agreements
llow the
investor o go to rhe
u-
r isdict ionof the
LocalCourts where he
investment as
done,
asan
alternative
or international rbi tratior.r. '
The tende ncy et by
BITs hasextended o
the multi-
la te
al reat ieshey
part ic ipate
n, or some
at inAnrcr ican
countries
might
potentially
participate
uch as NAF'fA
(chapter
1) ,
or
l ike the
Protocole n Promot ionand
Protection
of Investmerlt
rom countries hat do
ntlt
belong
o MERCOSUR,
among he countries
hat belong
to rhe Asuncin Tieary better knor.vnas MERCOSLIR
(Argentina,
razil,
Paraguay nd Umguay) that consider
international
rbitration
s a mean s o
resolve ontrover-
sy among hese
tates nd investors
omir-rgrom coult-
tr ies
that do
not
belong
to MERCOSUR,
but have
investedn them.'We anconcludc,
hen,
hat not only n
Chile, but
also n Latin
America n
general
here
s
a ten-
dency
to favor ir.rternational
on'rmercial rbitration
in
essential
atters uchas he
resolution Fcontrove
s1'
ri -
sing
berween
he foreign nvestorand
the countt'y
ccci-
ving the
nvestments
n
order
o restrict
ocal
urisdict ion
influence n areashat were radi tionallyunder he State
jur i.sdict ion,
nd to
rely he resolution l t
controvesl' on
arbitration
nstances,
n
some
ases LltoltState
ontrol
o
the
extentof questioning
f this shows deeper
h.rng.
n
the
basis f International
Lalv in the matter, he
wa.v hey
had been
raditionally
eld in Latin Americatr ountries
according
o the Calvo doctrine,
which establi,shedhat
the disputcs
elative
o
investments
n
r statecould
onh'
be
resolved y the
udicial
organizations
fsuch State.'
'
Blackby Nigel, //le arbitrtion according n Bildrerl Treariesof'
inuertmelrt
tnd F-rte linde treaties n
[,atin Anterica, articlc publislred
in
rhe
Itcrnatitn,tl
Magazine ou Arbitration, N I
June
-
Dic 2001, |)ogoti
Colombi,
egit Editorial, page
7
and
follorving.
'Grigera
Naon,
Horacio, Latin Anuic,tn Countrias as
lntonttion't/
Contercil
Arbitnttion places, arriclc publishcd
in
Spacial Supplarntnt
ot''
httarntionl
rbitrtion Court
Bulletin 1C'(-', ages
7
on,
1{)9i.
2
potr ivit
creia, up
o perioad
e
,,acalmie"
n carese
desfoar
egocieri sau/9i
sunt
incidente
intervenlii
l imitate ale nstangelor
ocale,
nvestitorii
pot inigia,
n
mod direct,
procedura
arbitral
mpotriva statului.
Cele
mai
multe BIT-uri stabilesc
procedura rbitral
este
guve
nat
de
regulile
gi
reglementrile
mise e
Centrul
Internagional
pentru reglementarea
iferendelor
elative
la
investi i i
ICSID),
dac
statele
emnatare
unt prgi
la
Convengia
pentru
reglementarea
iferendelor
elative
la investigi intre state i persoane le altor state,1965,
Convengia
de
la'W'ashington.
Ca
modalitate alternativ,
alte
BIT-uri stabilesc,
e obicei,
un alt
tip de arbitraj
instituionalizat
de
exemplu
arbitrajul organizat
su b
ar-rspiciile
amerei
de Comerg
nternagionala
lCC)
sa u
un arbitraj
ad hoc desf9urat
ub
egida Comisiei
Na-
tiLrnilorUnite
pentru Dreptul
Comercial
nternaqional;
in sl ir i t ,
unele ratate
gi
acorduri
permit
investitorilor
s
apeleze
a
jurisdicgia
nstangelor tatului
pe
teritoriul
c:iruias-a
ealizat nvestitia,
a
modalitatealternativ
a
arbi t ra i l
in ternat ional . '
Tendinla
promovat de
BIT-uri
s-aextins
a tratatele
multilaterale a careau participatsau a careunelegri
din
America
Latin ar plrtea
participa,
cum
ar f i , de
exemplu,
NAFTA
(capitolul
1l) sau
Protocolul
cu pri-
vire la promovarea
i
protejarea
nvestigiilor
din
gri
ce
nu aparfin
MERCOSUR,
sau
a
ri le
care,
iind p4i
aleTlatatului
Asuncin
cunoscutsub
numelede
MER-
COSUR
(Argentina,
Brazllia,
Paraguay
qi
Uruguay),
consider
c arbitrajul
comercial
este o modalitate
de
solutionare
a lit igiilor
dintre aceste
tate
gi
investitor i
care provin din
gri
ce
nu aparlin
MERCOSUR,
da r
care
au efectuat
nvestigiipe
teritoriul
acestora.
Astfel,
putem concluziona n Chile, dar Ei n AmericaLati-
n: i ,exist,
n
general,
un curentde
favorizare
arbitra-
jr-rh,ri
omercial
internagional
cu privire
la aspectele
esenqiale,
um ar
fi solugionarea
itigiilor dintre
nvesti-
rorii strini
qi
ara
pe teritoriul
creia
se efectueaz
investigiile,
n scopul
restricionrii
nfluengelor
uris-
dict i i lor
locale
n
domenii
aflate,
n mod
tradigional,
sub
urisdicia
tatal,
recum
gi
n scopul
supunerii
o-
lugionri i
acestora e ctre
nstanle
arbitrale.
Faptul c
in unele
cazurisentingele
rbitrale
nu erau
supuse
on -
trolului
de
regularitateexercitat
de
instangele tatale
ne
determin
ne
intrebm dac
nu a intervenit
o
modi-
f icarede substanl fundamentului dreptului nterna-
gional
cu privire
la concepgia
radiional
din statele
'
nf""tUy
Nigel, Thearbitration
according
o Bilateral
Tieaties f
inuestment and
lree Trade treaties
in Latin
America, articol
publicat
in lnternational Magazine on
Arbitration,
1, iunie-decembrie
2004,
Bogo rCo lom b i ,
Ed i ru raLeg i s , .
17
$ i
u rm roa re le .
Revista
Romn de
Arbitrai
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
11/25
Studii . rt icole,omentari i
The
Harmonization
of
International
Trade
Arbitration
Law:
The new
chilean
aw about arbitration
In th e Chilean
Juridical
organization,
nternational
trade
arbitration
was
not regulated
nti l
the
recentLa w
number
19.971'was
published
n the
off icial
newspa-
per
on September
9rh 2004.
The existing
egulatior.rs
should
be
applied
o the domestic
arbitration
as well,
which
were
evidently
inadequate
or
international
con-
f l icts
when the
arbitration
was
held
in
Chile.'The
ne w
Chilean International Commercial Arbitration La w
integrates
hile
with the
countries
hat
haveadopted
n
its
international
organization,
he UNCITRAL
Inter-
national
Arbitration
Law of
1985 as a
responseo the
modern
tendency
o the
harmonization
of
the
]nterna-
tional
Commercial
Arbitration
l.aw.
For the establishment
f thc
International
Comme
-
cial
ubiuation
Model
law, he United
Nadons
Commission
for
International
Commercial
Larv UNCITRAL
issuecl
a
report
about
the possibie
asPects
ontained
n this
law.
The preparation
of the project
was
given
to tts
work
team on
International
Contract
Practice.
Th e
prof
ect
was approved
with comments of the
Governments
and International
Organiz.ations
r-r he
annual
session
985.u he
tool chosen
by UNCITRAL
for the
harmonization
f the
national
awson commer-
cial arbitration
was
a
model
law and
not an
International
Convention
because
f
the flexibiliry
of
model
laws to
be incorporated
n the
internal
law of
eachcountry
and because
hey
also
can be
adopted
n
part
or totall
the original
or
with modificatiorrs.
However
keeping
ts inspiration
principles
ntact so :rs
to
achive
betteruniry
of
the
law in the
matter.On
th e
other hand, when these ools adopt the juridical form
ofr
International
Conventions
they
do
not have
th c
same
lexibi l i ty
because
hey are
subscribed,
nd
later
ratified
with
reservations
o the
national
egislation,
nd
for this
reason he
purposeof
unity
is not achivecl.
n
Comparative
law, UNCITRAL
has been a
rnodel
for
new
International
Commercial
Arbitration
l-aws in
'
For the
content of
the new
larv, see
'rvw.bcn.cl
t
Recognized
by
the
President
of the countrv
in his message
at
rhe beginning
of the
project of
law on
International
Comercial
Abitration,
Bulletin
No
325-10.
n'I-he
general
meeting of rhe
Ur-rited
Nations,
resolurion
40-72,
Dic.
11 i985,
recommended
,,That
all States iue
due
consideration
to the
Model
Lata International
Commercia/
Arbitration
upon desi/e-
rable
uniry
of tbe
latu on
Arbitrl
proceedings and
tbe
need
fitr
I n ern ation
a Comm
ercia
Ar
bi tra
ti on
P ac i ces
.
-
Sandoval
Lpez, Ricardo
,
,,El
Arbitrale Conercil
Intarnciott/
"'
Reuistde
Darecho Llniuersidad
de Chile,
page 101 attd.fitrther,
2000.
Nr. 3
(7)/lulie-Septembrie
2008
Americii
Latine consacrat
e doctrina
Calvo,
doctrin
potrir,it
careia
it igi i le
referitoare
a investi l i i le
efectuate
pe
teritoriul
unui anumit
stat pot
fi soluionate
umai
de
entit1ile
usti l iei
statale
le acestuia
in
urm'.
Armonizarea
legislafiei
din
domeniul
arbitrajului
comercial
nternafional:
noua
egechilian
a
abitrajului
in sistemul
udiciar
chil ian,
arbitra.iul
omercial
nter-
nafionalnu a fost reglementatpn a publicarea ecen-
tei
,egi
nr. 19.9710
n
Jurnalul
Oficial din
29 septembrie
2004.
Reglementrile
xistente
se aplicau,
in egal
msur,
qi
arbitrajului
ntern, ceea
ce
era, evident,
ne-
potrivit
in l i t igi i le
nternagionale,
acarbitrajul
se des-
fgr-rra
n Chrle'.
Noua
reglementare
hilian
cu privire
a
arbitrajul
comercial
nternagional
al iniaz
tatul
Chile
trilor
ce au
adoptat
n cadrul
organizagiei
nternagionale
in anul
1985
LegeaUNCITRAL
cu
privire
a arbitrajul
international
a
rspuns
a tendina
modern
de armo-
nizare
legislal iei
rbitrajului
comercial
nternaEional.
(lu
ocazia
elaborrii
Legii-Model
referitoare
a arbi-
t ra ju l comercia l nternagional ,Comisia Na iuni lor
Uni te
pentru
Dreptul
Comergulu i
Internal ional
(UNCITRAL)
a emis
un
raport
cu privire
la aspectele
propuse
a
fi stipulate
n
conginutul
acesteia.
laborarea
proiectului
a
fost
incredingat
grupului
de
lucru
din
cadrul
Departamentului
de
Practic
contractual
nter-
national.
Proiectul
a
fost aprobat
cu
amendamentele
guvernelor
qi
organizagiilor
nternagionale
a Sesiunea
anual
din
1985'.
Instrumentul
ales
de
UNCITRAL
pentrLl
armonizarea
reglementrilor
naionale
referi-
toare
a
arbitrajul
comercial
a fost
o
Lege-Model,
nu o
convent ie internagional tt dator i t
f lexib i l i tgi i
includerii
Legilor-Model
n legislaiile
nterne
ale
fie-
crei
gri,
t
gi
datorit
aptului
c
acestea
ot
fi adop-
tate
n form
pargial
au
otal,
n
varianta
nigial
au
cu
modificri.
'
Grigera
Naon,
Horacio,
I'atin
American
Counnies
as
Intentationa/
Comercial
rbitration
places, rticol
publicat
n supli-
mentul
special
l Buletinului
Curii
de
Arbitraj de
pe
lngCCI'
p.
47 si
urmtoarele,
995.
'
Pentru
coninutul
noii legi,
a se
vedea
wwwbcn.cl
'Aspect
recunoscut
e preEedintele
rii
n punctul
su
de vedere
exprimat
a debutul
procedurii
de
iniierea proiectului
de
legecu
privire
a arbitrajul
comercial
nternaional,
uletinul
M
325-10
" AdunareaGeneral NaqiunilorUnite, prin Rezoluia 0-72,
Dic.
11-1985,
a recomandat
,Ca
oate
tatela
d acorde
mportana
necesrlrd
egii-Model
cu
priuire
la arbitrajul
comercial
nternaional
n
scopul
rert/izrlrii
doritei
uniformizdri
a reglementdrilor
referitoare a
procedurile
arbitrale,
precum
i
n scopul
asigurdrii
unor practici
n
dr.,nt
n
u
a b raj
u ui com
ercal inter
naio
a "'
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
12/25
Studii , rt icole,omentari i
German
Australia,
Bahrein,
Bermuda, Bulgaria,
Ca -
nada, Cyprus,
Egypt, The United
States
California,
Connecticut,
Oregon
and
Texas), Cuatemala,
Hong
Kong,
Hungar
India, Iran,
Ireland,Kenya,
Lithuania,
Macao,
Malta,
Mexico,
New Zealand,
Nigeria, Oman,
Peru,
The United
Kingdom
(Scotland),
Russia,
Singa-
pore,
Sri
Lanka,
Tunisia, Ucrania,
Zimbabwe, and
re-
cently
Spain.s/'
The reasons or adopting the Model Law on
International
Commercial
Arbitration
are,
n a wa the
insuffency f
the
national awson arbitration
o
resolve
International
Commercial
co
n 'lict.s, nd the differences
from
country to
country.
At least one
of the partics
shallbe
foreign
o the countrv
rvhere he arbirretiorl
s
held;
even he arbitrator
may be a foreigner
and as a
result,
he parties
and the arbitrator
will be faced to
rules
and
regulations hat
are unknown
to them.
'
About
the
history
of the Chilean
Law or-r
nternational
Commercial
Arbitration,
it is clear hat the
mult ipl ica-
tion of
transactions
ith an
arbitral
clausewas one of
the main factors. he incentive or a trial in Chile, spc-
cial ly
relevant
or
small
and
medium sized
companres,
which
find very expresive
o
litigate abroad,
and the
objective
of
making Chile
an arbitration
center,
especial ly
n
Latin America."
The
most important
advantages
o adopt
the
Model
Law by the Chilean
legislation
are the
fol lowing:
a) that
it contributes
o
convey
an
image of
seriousness
nd reliabiliry
o the
country
within the
internationalbusiness
nd
judicial
communit
which carries
udicial
securitv
or lnvestors
and
foreigncoLrnterparts;
) that
Fostesorcign
nve.st-
ments;c) that creates
jur idical
system or the resolu-
tion
of
international
controversies
mong
privatc
tco-
ple
n the setting
of the
Association
greementbetween
Chile
and
the European
community
and
the United
States
f
America;d) that
creates n
atmosphere
f trust
for Chi le
to become
the place
for in ternat ional
commercial
arbitrations overcoming
former deficien-
cies;
e) that
contributes
o the development
nd
perfec-
tion of
the
International
Commercial
Arbitration
services
ffered by
the chilean
arbitration
entities, and
f) allows
small and
medium sized
Chilean
companies
'
For the neq'model aw seemvw.uncirral.org'
For the
New Arbitration
Law
in Spain,seeCordn
Moreno,
Faustino,
,El
arbitaje
de
Derecho riuado".
Brief Studyof
l-au, 60-
2003, on
Arbitration.
Editorial Aranzadi
SA. Spain,2005.
"'Sandoval,
Ricado,
page
109.
"
Report
rom the or eignallairs
committee
Session
8,
I 'lv18,
2004.
4
Cu
toate
acestea,
ste de dorit
pstrarea
ntact a
principiilor
de
redactare
n scopul
realizri i
unei uni-
formizri a
reglementrii
din
aceast
materie.
Pe de al t
parte,
in
ipoteza n care
aceste
mijloace adopt
forma
juridic
a conven(iilor
nternalionale,
espectiva
orm
nu are aceeagi
lexibi l i tate
deoarece
unt semnate
$i,
ulterior,
ratificate,
cu rezerve
a de
legislagia
a[ional,
scopul
uniformizrii
nefiind
atinsT.
n dreptul
com-
parat,
Legea-Model
UNCITRAL
a
rePrezentat n
reper
pentru ultimele reglementri referitoare la arbitrajul
comercia l
in terna ional
d in
Germania,
Austra l ia ,
Bahrain,
Bermude,
Bulgaria,
Canada,
Cipru,
Egipt,
Statele
Unite
(California,
Connecticut,
Oregon
gi
'Iexas),
Guatemala,
Hong
Kong, Ungaria,
ndia,
Iran,
Irlanda,
Kenya, Lituania,
Macao,
Malta,
Mexic,
Noua
Zeeland,
Nigeria,Oman,
Peru,Regatul
Unit
(Scotia),
Rusia,
Singapore,
Sr i
Lanka,
Tunis ia, Ucraina,
Zimbabwe,
i,
recent,
Spania.""
Ratiunile
elaborrii
Legii-Model
cu privire
la arbi-
trajul comercial
internagional
au
fost determinate,
intr-un
fel, de
caracterul
lacunar
al
reglementrilor
naionale eferitoarea procedurilearbitraleutilizate n
soluionarea
itigiilor
comerciale
nternagionale,
recum
qi
de
diferenlele
dintre
respectivele
eglementri.
Cel
putin
una
dintre
prgi
va avea calitatea
de
,,strin"
n
tara unde
se va desfqura
rbitrajul;
chiar
arbitrul
poate
fi
strin,
drept
urmare
prgile
i
arbitrul
vor avea
de-a
face cu
reguli
gi
reglementri
necunoscute''.
Cu
privire
la istoricul
reglementrii
chiliene
referitoare
a
arbitrajul
comercial
nternalional,
esteevident
c nmulirea
ran-
zacti i lor
continnd
o clauz
rbitral
a
fost unul
dintre
principalii
factori ce a determinat
elaborarea
cesteia.
'lbtodat,
un
alt
factor este
reprezentat
att
de
incura-
jarea
prilor
de
a searbitra
n
Chile,
n special
ncura-
jarea
companiilor
mici
gi
medii
ce consider
a fiind
pcrtinent
soluionarea
itigiilor
in strintate,
t
gi
de
obiectivul
de
a facedin
Chile
un centru
al
arbitrajului,
in
special
n America
Latin".
Cele
mai
importante
be-
nefici i
obginute a
urmare
a adoptrii
principiilor
Legii-
Model
UNCITRAL
de
ctre
egislaia
hilian
sunt ur-
mtoarele:
a) contribuie
la crearea
unei
imagini
de
-
Sandoval
Lpez,
Ricardo,
El ArbitrQe
Comercial
nternacional,
Reuita de
Derecho
Llniuersidad
e Chik,
p. l0I
i
urm.'
2000.
t
Pentrunoua ,ege-Model,
se
vedeawww.uncitral.org
"
Pentru
noua lege a
arbitrajului
spaniol,
a se
vedea
Cordn
Moreno,
Faustino,
El arbitmje
de
Derecho
riuado, Scurtd
Analizd
a
Legii arbitrajului
60-2003,
Editura Aranzadi
SA' Spania,
2005'
"'
Sandoval,
ucardo,
p.
109.
'
Raportal Comitetului
Afacerilor
Externe,Sesiunea
8,
8
mai
2004.
Revista
Romn
de
Arbitrai
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
13/25
Studii ,
rt icole,
omentari i
(PYMES)
celebrating
ontracts
with foreign countcr-
parts to
make use
of International
Arbitratiott
in
Chi le. ' '
The
new Chilean
Law on
InternationalCommercial
Arbitration,
according
o the objective
of
International
Unity
in arbitration
regulation, does
not differ
in
gene-
ral
from the Model
Law UNCITRAL
aswe
are
goirrg
o
see.' '
he countries
nder the
,,Common
Law" were he
first ones o
adopt the
Model
Larv
but
today both
the
countriesunder the .,Common Law" and undcr thc
,,Civil
Law",
haveequally
adopted he
Model Law,
whiclr
appears
o
be a remarkable
act, F we
consider hat thc
Model
Law contains
several rinciples
hat correspond
more [o t he
,,Civi l
Law"
arbitral
system
athcr han
th c
one
adopted
by the Common
Law. For example,
when
reFering
o tl 're
rbitrators s
he
,,/ /equo
t bono'n'
Main aspects
in
the
New Chi lean
Law
on
lnternationalommercial
rbitration
We are going
to analize
he special
system or
inter-
national commercialarbitration in Chile, applications
in terms
of territory
principles,
he autonomy
of wil l ol:
the parties,
he arbitration
agreement,
he
compositiotr
of the
Arbitral
Court, the
competence
of the arbitral
court,
limited
jLrdicial ization
n relation to
judicial
in-
terference
nd
arbitrator's
owers,
he applicable
aw in
the
arbitration,
precausion
measures,
he annulment
re -
source,
nd
recoqnitionand
execution f
arbitral
award.
The new Chilean
Law
19.971 applies
only to
International
Commercial
Arbitration,
and
it
does
no t
affect
any of
the international
reaties
n
force, either
bilateral
or
multilateral.
The
new
Chilean
Larv on
''
Urrejola Monckeberg,
Sergio
,,Chile
debe
contar con una
/e1' e
Arbitmje
Internacional",
article published
in rhe
Juridical
Bullatin
No
6,
Justice
Ministrl, Sept.
2004, pages
109 and following.
'r
In mosr
Latin American countries
the
Model Law
has
been
adopted
practically
in a block.
That is the case
o[Bolivia, Costa
Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico,
Panama,
Paraguay,
Peru
n d
Venezuelr,o
name a few.
However, in the case
of Brazil, Colombia
and
llcuador, the
law has
not
been
completely
adopted.
'o
Sanders
Pieter,
,,Llnity
and
Diuersiry, in rhe
Aloption of' the
model
u", art ic le
publ ished
in
Arbitret ion
Internat ional,
r 'o iume
11 #1
LCIA 1991. For information
abor-r t
egis lat ive istor-v f rhe
Model
l,aw
and
its articles, see
,A
guide
ro tle UNCITRAL
Modtl
Lau on
Internationl Commercia/
Arbitration'\
Kluwer 1989, authors
Holtzmann
and Neuhrus.
Nr. 3
(7)/Iulie-Septembrie
2OO8
seriozitate
i
de
incredere
a
grii
n contextul
mediului
internagional e
afaceri
i
al comunitgii
uridice,
aspect
ce confer
sigurang
uridic
investitorilor
gi
partene-
rilor strini;
b)
incurajeaz
nvestigiile
trine;
)
creeaz
un sistem
udiciar
pentru
solugionarea
einlelegerilor
internagionale
intre
entitlii private
prin
mecanismul
stabilir ii
Acordului
de
Asociere intre
Chile,
Comuni-
tatea
European
qi
Statele
Unite
ale Americii;
d)
creeaz
un
climat
de incredere
entru
ca Chile
sdevin
un
loc
al arbitrajului comercial internaional, dep9indu-se
astfel
echile
acune;e)
contribuie
a dezvoltarea
i
per-
fe ionarea
serviciilor
de
arbitraj comercial
interna-
t ional
fi-rrnizate e
instituqii le
arbitrale
din
Chile,
9i
f)
permite
companiilor
mici
qi
mij loci i
ce au ncheiat
con-
tracte
cu entitgi
trine
s stipuleze
lauze
ompromi-
sori i
stabilind
ocul arbitrajului
nternagional
n
Chile' ' .
Noua lege
chil iancu
privire
a arbitrajul
comercial
international,
n concordan
cu
obiectivul
unitgii
internaionale
reglementrilor
rbitrale,
nu
difer,
n
general,
e
Legea-Model
UNICTRAL,
astfel
um vom
vedea
n celece urmeaz'r.
rile din
sistemul
ommon
/aw au fost primele care au adoptat Legea-Model,dar
astzi
att
trile
din sistemul
czmmzn
kw, ct
9i
garile
din
sistemul
ciuil law
au
adoptat-o,
in egal
msur,
fapt
remarcabil dac
avem
in
vedere c
Legea-Model
con[ine
cteva
rincipi i
ce corespund,
mai degrab,
is-
temului
arbitral
caracteristic
sistemului
ciuil
law decit
sistemului
common aw.
De exemPlu,
principiul
referi-
tor
la prerogativa
rbitrilor
de
a statua
,aequo
t bzno"ta.
Pr incipale le specte
din noua
lege chi l ian
referitoare
a arbitrajul
omercial
nternational
Vom analiza
reglementarea
chilian a
arbitrajului
comercial
nternalional,
n special
aspectele
eferitoare
la
aplicarea
rincipiilor
teritoriale,
autonomia
voinei
pargilor,
onvenlia
arbitral,
compunerea
iibunalului
arbitral,
competen[a
nstanqei
rbitrale,
imitele
udicia-
"
Urr.;ol"
Monckeberg,
ergio,
Chile
ebe ontar
onuna
ry dt
Arbitraje
nternacional,
rricol ublicat
n Buletinul
uridic
No 6,Mi-
nisterulJustiiei,
ept.2004,
.
109
qi
urmtoarele.
''
in rnajoritata
rilor
in
America
atin,
egea-Model
fost
adoptat,
ractic,
n bloc.
Este
orbadespre
olivia,
Costa
uca,
Ciuatemala,
onduras,
Mexic,
Panama,
aragua
Peru
qi
Venezuela,
penrru a
nominali ta
doar
cteva.
Totugi, in
cazul
Brazi l iei,
Columbieigi Ecuadorului,egea u a fost adoptatn integralirate.
''
Sanders
Pieter, Unity
and Diuersi7,
n the
Adopion
of theModel
Lau arricol oublicat
i Arbitration
International,
uol.
11 #1 LCIA
1995.Pentru
nformaEiiu privire
a storicul
egi i-Model,
nclusiv
al aricolelor
sale,a se
vedea
A
guide
to the
UNCITRAL
Modl
Law
ort
lnternational Commercial
Arbitration,
Kluwer
1989, tutori
Holtzmann
si Neuhaus.
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
14/25
Studii , rt icole,omentari i
Arbitration,
as
well as he Colombian
Law differ
from
other
arbitration
laws that also
foilow the
modcl of
UNCITRAL.
It appliesnot
only to
local arbitration,
but
also
o international
arbitration,
which is calleda
Mor-ro
onception.
t is
included, among
others,
n
th e
arbitration
legislat ions
of Germany't
Mexico'n and
Spain.'t
The concepts
f
,,international"
nd
,,commer-
cial"
are essential
o understand
the UNCITRAL
ModelLaw.
According o article
1
No
3
in t he Chilean
Law, an arbitration s international f: a) The parties o
an
arbitration
agreement
ave,at
the time of
the con-
clusion
of that agreement,
heir
places
of busilress
n
diffcrent
States;
r b) One
of the
following pl:rccs
s
situated
utside
he State
n which
the parties
have heir
places
f business:
i)
The placeof
arbitration
f deter-
rnined
n,
or
pursuant
o, the arbitration
agreement;
i i)
Any place
wherea substancial
art of
the obligations
f
the
commercial
elationship
s to
be performed
or the
place
with
which the subject-matter
f the dispute
s
most closely
onnected;
r c)
The parties
haveexpressly
agreed
hat the
subject
matter of the
arbitration
agree-
ment relateso more than one country.
If a parry
has more than
one place
of business,
l're
placeof
business
s that
which
has
he
closest
elation-
ship
to the
arbitration agreement;
nd
if
a party
does
not havea
placeof business,
efere ce s to be
made o
his
habitual
residence.
article
1 No 4). In
relation to
the
concept
of
,,commercial"
he Chilean
Law states
n
its Article
2, g:The
term
,,commercial"
should
be givcn
a
wide interpretation
o as
o cover
mattersarising
iont
a l l
re lat ionships
f a commercia l
ature,
whethercon-
tractual
or
not. Relationships
of commercial
natrre
include, but are not limited to, the fol lowing transac-
t ions:
any
tade ransaction
or
the sup ply or
exchange
of goods
or servi ces; istribution
agreement;
omme
-
' '
The German
Arbitral Law can
bc appl ied
not only to
Inter-
nar ional Commercial
Arbi trat ion; but also
to local arbi trat ion
en d
non comrnercial
matters
n Germany.
For nrorc
infornt l t io l t , scc ar-
cle
The hdrmonization
of the lau,
in
International Commercial
Arbitration
kw by professor
Miguel
Checa Martnez,
Reuist dc la
Corte
Esp,itola de
Arbitntje,
1998,
pages 353
and
follorvrng.
"'
Arbitration
Law
1993. Article by Rodrguez
Diaz, Manuel.
,,7
desarrollo
del Arbitraje
Comercial en
las ltimas dcadas
en
Mlxito"
Reuista
bero,tmericana
de
Arbitraje, Ma1,
2001.
'
Rule
Number 60-2003,
December
2003, appl icd to
local ancj
internat ional
rbi t rat ion.
For
compari .sons
crween hc
Splnish Ll* '
and
thc Chilean
Law, see
Biggs, Gonzalo,
,,Breakthrough.fr
nrernario'
ntl
Contrncrcial
Arbittiott
in Clih" publishccl
in Disputt
Rsolutior
Journal,
uolume
59
# t, Feb.-April 200'1,
ptges
(r5
and
fbllowing.
r)
re ale
controlului
exercitat
de
instanga
tatal,
preroga-
t ivele
arbitrului,
legea
aplicabila
arbitrajului,
msurile
asigurtorii,
motivelede
anulare
sentin{ei
rbitrale,
e-
cunoa$terea
i
executarea
nei
sentinge
rbitrale.
1.
-
Arbitraiul Comercial
Internafional
in Chile
Noua ege hilian
nr. 19.971se
plic
numai arbitra-
jului
comercial
nternagional,
i
nu prejudiciaz
plicarea
niciunui tratat internationalbilateralsaumultilateral n
vigoare.Noua
legechil ian
a arbitrajului,
a
fel ca egea
colunrbian,
on(ine
eglementri
iferite
ade
alte
e-
glcmentri
arbitralc
nspirate
de
modelul
UNCITRAf.
Aceasta e
aplicnu
numai
itigiilor arbitrale
nterne, t
si
lit igiilor arbitrale
nternaionale,
eea
ce
inseamn
adoptarea
r.rei
oncepli i
moniste.
Aceast
oncepIie
st e
adoptat
e diverse
egislagii ,
rintre
care, e
exemplu,
e
lcgisla ia
rbitral in
Germania'5,
exic'u
i
Spania''.
( lonce
ptele
,,internaional"
gi
,,comercial"
sunt
esenfiale
entru a
ingelege
egea-Model
UNCITRAL.
Potrivit
art.
1 paragraful
l treilea
din
legea hilian,
un
arbitrajeste nternalionaldac:a) prgilea o convengie
arbitral
au,
in
momentul
incheierii
conveniei,
ediul
principal
pe
teritoriul
unor
statediferite;
sau b) unul
din urmtoarele
ocuri
estesituat
n afarastatului
pe te-
ritoriul cruia
p4ile
gi-au
stabilit
sediul principal:
(i )
locul
arbitrajului,
astfel
determinat,
saudeterminat
n
conformitate
cu prevederile
convengiei
arbitrale;
(ii)
orice
loc in care urmeaz
s
fie executate,
n proporqie
substanial,
bl igai i le
contractuale
au
locul cu care
obiectul
itigiului prezint
egturile
cele
mai strnse;
sau
c) prgile
au convenit,
n mod
expres'
obiectul
conventiei rbitraleprezint
egturicu
mai
multe
ri.
I)ac o parte
are
mai
multe sedii
principale,
e
a in
considerare
ediul
care
are cea
mai strns
egtur
cu
convenfia
rbitral,
ar dac
o
Parte
nu are
niciun
sediu
rrrincipal,
se ia
in
considerare
ediul
secundar
art.
1
paragraful
). in ceea
e
privegte
onceptul
,comercial",
-'
kg.,
arbitral erman
e
poate plica
u numai rbitrajului
comerci:rl
nternaional,
dar
5i
arbitrajului
intern,
respectiv
aspectelor
ecomerciale.
entru
mai multe
detalii,a
se
vedea rti-
colul
'l'he
harmonization
of the
kw in
International
Commercial
Arbitration
law,
scrisde profesorul
Miguel Checa
Marrez,
Reuista
dc
Lt Corte
Espanola
eArbitraje,
1998, p.353
i
urmtoarele.
"'
Arbitration
Law
1993. A se
vedea
Rodrguez
Diaz,
Manuel,
6l
desarrol/o elArbitmje Comercialen las ttimasdcadaenMxico, in
Reuista
bcroamericana
eArbitaje,
ma 200L.
-
Regula
r. 60-2003,
decembrie
2003 aplicabili
arbitrajului
irrtern
i
international.
enrru omparai i
ntre egea
paniol
i
egea
chilian,
a se
vedea
Biggs,Gonzalo,
Breakthrough
or
Internarional
Contrtercil
Arbirration in
Chile,
in
Dispure Resolurion
ournal'
vol.
9
#
1,
eb.-apr. 004,p.65
qi
urmtoarele'
Revista
Romn de
Arbitrai
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
15/25
Studi i ,art icole, omentanl
cial
representation
r
agency;
actoring;
easing;con-
struction
of
works; consulting;
engineering;
icensing;
investment;
inancing;banking;
nsurance; xploatation
agreement
r concession;
oint
ventureand other
forms
ofindustr ial
or business
o-operationr
arriagc
fgoods
or
passengers
y air,
sea, ail
or road."'o
As the above
article
make.s lear, he
word
,,commercial"
.sed
y the
law is
much broader than
the
term
,,commerce"
n
Article
3'd
from
the Chilean
Commerciai
Codc.
2.
-
Scopeof
application:
Tbrritorial
principle
The Chilean
Law on
International
Clommercial
Arbitration,
with someexceptior.rs,
an be applied
onlv
ift the
place
of arbitration
is in the
natior-ralerrit,rrt '
(ar t ic le
No
2). ' " ' fhe terr i tor ia l
r incip le
hasbecn
rr
the Chilean
aw for a
long time.
The Civi l
Law states
that
the
law
is
binding
for
al l the
inhabitants
of
th e
State,
ncluding
foreigners
article
14).
Article
16
savs
that the goods
located
in Chile are
subject to
th e
Chilean
Law' even
when
their owners
are
oreignersand
do
not reside n Chile.
3.
-
Autonom)'
of wil l
of the parties
The Chi lean
Law on
lnternat ional
Commercia l
Arbitration
akes
he principle
of autonomy
of wil l of the
parties
n terms
of either he
applicable
aw or th e pro-
cedure
arv.
In Fact,
here are
few
regulations
hat are
binding
so rhe parties
ar.r hvays
stablish
ules hat are
different
rom the
Law.The arbitral
ribunal
shalldccidc
the dispute
n
accordance
ith such
rules of
law as are
chosenby the partiesas applicable o the sub.stancef
the
dispute.
article
28
No 1).
In
the procedural
spect,
the
parties
are
free to agree
on the proccdure
o
be
fol lowedby
the
Arbitral Ti' ibunal
article
19
Nu1). Thc
parties
an even
create
he regulations
nd
rulesof
the
procedure,
ut
this
s not very common.
The usual
wa y
is
that the
oarties
nclude a
number of
rules for the
' ' ' l 'his
long transcription
is contained
in a page
foot
ltrom
article
first
of the
Model Law.
Many countries,
when adopting
the
Model
Law,
have incorporated
this nore
in the text, as
in the
Province of
Bri t ish Columbia
in Canada,
n
Cyprus,
Egypt, Niger ia; Scot lancl ,
Ucrania,
etc. .
"
The exceptions o the
territorial
:rpplication ofrhe
law are sta-
ted
in Articles 8 nd 9
relering to rhe
recognirion of arbitrrlar.vards
not
withstanding tl-re arbitrarion
place,
the larv tht
the arvirrcl
s
based
on or the arbi tral
agreement.
Art ic le
35
and
36
about
recog-
ni t ion and enlorcemenr
of awards are appl ied,
i rrespect ive f the
Counrry
in
wich it rvas made.
Nr. 3
(7)/lulie-Septembrie
2008
legea
hilian
prevede
n articolul
2litera g urmtoarele:
acest
ermen
se impune
a
fi interpretat
flexibil, astfel
inct
s-i
fie
subsumate
aspectele
ecurgnd
din
rapor-
turile
juridice
comerciale,
ndiferent
de caracterul
con-
tractual
sau
necontractual.
Contractele
comerciale
n-
clud, dar
nu
se
imiteaz
a urmtoarele
ranzaclii:
orice
tranzactie
comercial
avnd
ca obiect
furnizarea
sau
schimbul
de bunuri
$i
servicii;
acorduri
de
distribuie;
mandat
comercial
sau
agenfie
comercial;
factoring;
leasing; ontractede antrepriz; onsultan ; sisten
tehnic;
icenge;
nvestiii;
inangri;
act ivitf i
bancare;
asigurri;
corduri
sau
concesiuni
de
exploatare;
oint
\enture
au alte
forme
de cooperare
ndustrial
au de
afaceri;
ransportul
de bunuri
sau
pasageri
e
caleaae-
rulr-ri, pei,
ci
featesau
gosele"'t.
stfel
cum
stabile;te
articolul
de
mai sus, uvntul
,comercial"
t i l izat
de
e-
ge
are o
sferde
aplicare
mult
mai
larg dect
ermenul
,,comert"
utilizat de
3
C.comercial
hi l ian.
2.
-
Domeniu
de
aplicare:
principiul
teritorialitlii
Legeachil ianreferitoarea arbitrajulcomercial n-
ternalional,
cu unele
excepgii,
oate
fi aplicat
numai
dac
ocul
arbitrajului
estesituat
pe
teritoriul
nagional
(art.
1 N"
2)''. Principiul
eritorialitEii
existat
n legis-
lat ia Chile
de
rnult
vreme.
Potrivit
sistemulului
izil
ldw,
legeaeste
obligatorie
pentru
toEi
ocuitorii
statului,
inclusiv
pentru
strini
art.
14).
Art. 16 stipuleaz
bu-
nuri le
situate
pe teritoriul
statului
Chile
sunt guvernate
de
legeachil ian
chiar
dac
proprietarii
acestora
un t
cetteni
trini
5i
nu
$i-au
stabil i t
egedinla
n Chile.
3.
-
Autonomia voinfei Prilor
Legea
hilian
cu privire
a arbitrajul
comercial
nter-
nalional aplic
principiul
autonomiei
voingei
prgilor
att
cu privire
la determinarea
egii aplicabile
ondului
i i t igiului,
ct
i
cu privire
a determinarea
egii aplicabile
procedurii
arbitrale.
De fapt,
exist
doar
cteva
egle-
' ' '
Aceast
enumerare
este
cuprins
intr-o
not de subsol
a primu-
lui articol
din
Legea-Model.
La data
adoptrii
Legii-Model
multe
tirri
au
incorporat aceast
not
in text,
astfel cum
se
observ
la
Provincia
Colr.rmbia
Britanic
din Canada,
Cipru,
[,gipt, Nigeria'
Scotia.
Ucrair-ra
tc .
"'
Bxcepi i le pl icr i i
er i tor ia le
ale egi i sunt stabi l i tede art . 8 qi
9
referiroare
:r
recunoaqterea
enrinelor
arbirrale
Fra
tne
seama
cle
locul arbirrajului,
astfel
c legea
statueaz
asupra
faptului c
senrinta
se undamenteaz.
e
convenia
arbitral.
Art'
35
9i
36
refe'
r i torc
la recunoa$terea
i
executarea
ent ingelor
rbi t rale
sunt
apl i -
cabi le
ndiferent
de
ara
n
care
au
lost pronungare.
-
8/11/2019 8. ARBITRAJE.revista Romana de Arbitraje
16/25
Studii . rt icole,omentari i
arbitration,
ike UNCITRAL,
either
in ad hoc
Arbi-
tration
or
in Institutional
arbitration.
They
can also
complement
he
unity
ruleswith
other
rules hat
havea
wider
scope
or
that may
adapt better
to
the specif ic
circumstances.
o
Most
procedural
legislat ions
n Latin
America,
except
n fe w cases
here
he procedural
public
legisla-
t ion
of the
placedoes
not
al low
t, authorize
he parties
to disrcgard
some procedural
ways or to
replace hem
for others.' 'As for the applicationof UNCITRAL restt-
lat ions
on arbitration,
hey
were adopted
by
tl-reUrrited
Nations
Committee
for lt-rternational
ommerce
Larv
in
April \976,
wirh the purposc
of
providing
a mode
n
set
of contract
rules applicable
o
arbitration
ad-hoc.
The basic
principles
f these
egulations
re :
a)The prevailing
f proceeding
egulations.
o State
would be
wil l ing
to accept
he
resultof an
arbitratiolr
proccss
eld n i ts
erritory
or
undcr
its .aws,
f
the arbi-
trators
violate
he
regulat ions f
the proceedings.t '
b)
The optionality
of
the tribunal
in the procce-
dings,
given
that
the parties
are
equally treated,
and
having the opportuniry to state their caseat any time
during
the process.'l
The regulations
of UNCITRAL
can
be freely
mo-
dif ied
by the
parties,
xpressed
n Anicle
l If the par-
t ies
have
not selected set
of
rules tr the
arbitration,
the UNCITRAL
Model
Law contains
elemental
ules
that are
nor
binding,
thus applied
n
silence
f the
li t i-
gators,
which
cover
from the beginning,
to the
pro-
ceedings,
nti l
the arbitral
award.
The Arbitral
Tribun:rl
ma subject
o
the provision
of these
ule.s,
onduct he
arbitration
n such
manner as
it considers
ppropiate'
determining he admissibiliry elevance, nd materiali-
ty and
weight
of any
evidencc
article
19 Nn2 of
the
Chilean
Law).
The
latter enables
he
Arbitral li ibunal
to conduct
the arbitration
n a