8 th 2005200444 정진웅 medical instrumentation. chapter. 9 respiratory system measurement
TRANSCRIPT
8th 2005200444 정진웅
MEDICAL MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION
Chapter. 9Chapter. 9Respiratory System MeasurementRespiratory System Measurement
Respiratory System Measurement
From now on,From now on,
we focus on two subjectwe focus on two subject
- PFT : pulmonary function test- PFT : pulmonary function test
- Patient monitoring(Respiration - Patient monitoring(Respiration monitoring)monitoring)
Respiratory System Measurement
( Architecture )
trachea
bronchia
alveolar
TT AU
AA AU
AATT AUAUQ
airflow
velocity
cross section
area
)/()min/( smlorl
A
TTA A
AUU
O2 and CO2 diffusion at alveolar
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ physiological functionphysiological function
- O2 transport into blood stream
- CO2 removed from blood stream
- Homeostasis of ph, partial pressure of O2, partial pressure of CO2
Ventilatory mechanicsVentilatory mechanics ⇒ ⇒ RC equivalent circuit modelRC equivalent circuit model
Gas transportGas transport ⇒ ⇒ Mass balance equationMass balance equation (Diffusion process)(Diffusion process)
◎ ◎ RespirationRespiration
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ Pressure measurementPressure measurement
① ① Differential Pressure transducerDifferential Pressure transducer
Strain gage
Diaphragm
x1 x2
P1P2
A B
C1 C2
C
Respiratory System Measurement
② ② Balloon sensor Balloon sensor
pressure sensor
hole
(balloon)
gas
force pressure (P)
air pump
P
metal switch resistor
5V
V1
0V : switch on P > Pi
or,5V : switch off P < Pi
force pressure (P)control
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ Flow measurementFlow measurement
① ① Rotating vaneRotating vane
② ② Ultrasound flow-meterUltrasound flow-meter
③ ③ Thermal convection flow-meterThermal convection flow-meter
④④ PrieumotachometerPrieumotachometer
Respiratory System Measurement
P1 P2
Q(flow) mouthmesh screen
Diff pressuresensor
RQPP 21
R
PPQ 21
measurementusing with a injector
resistance(fixed)
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ Volume measurement (plethysmography)Volume measurement (plethysmography)
Respiratory System Measurement
① ① water spirometerwater spirometer
mouth
water
air
CO2 absorber
Respiratory System Measurement
② ② dry spirometerdry spirometer
Inspiratorygas
expiratorygas
mouth
valve
piston
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ FRC measurementFRC measurement
① ① Helium dilution techniqueHelium dilution technique
- Patient at FRC- Patient at FRC - Prepare a spirometer of volume V- Prepare a spirometer of volume VSPSP and and initial initial He He concentration of concentration of ffIHEIHE
- Patient brethes helium the spirometer- Patient brethes helium the spirometer
- Find helium contradiction of expiration gas - Find helium contradiction of expiration gas ffFHEFHE
Respiratory System Measurement
FHESPIHESP FFRCVFV )(
“ Equation of mass balance ”
SPFHE
FHEIHE VF
FFFRC
Respiratory System Measurement
② ② NN22 washout technique washout technique
- Patient at FRC- Patient at FRC - Prepare a spirometer with V- Prepare a spirometer with VSPSP , O , O22
- Patient brethes to the spirometer- Patient brethes to the spirometer
- Measure - Measure NN22 concentration in the expiratory gas concentration in the expiratory gas
2)(8.0
NFSP FVFRCFRC
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ Gas concentration measurementGas concentration measurement
① ① Mass spectroswophyMass spectroswophy
② ② Gas chromatographyGas chromatography
③ ③ Infrared spectroswophyInfrared spectroswophy
④ ④ Raman spectroswophyRaman spectroswophy
⑤ ⑤ Emission spectroswophyEmission spectroswophy
⑥ ⑥ Paramagnetic Paramagnetic OO22 analyzeranalyzer
Respiratory System Measurement
◎ ◎ Gas transport measurementGas transport measurement
① ① Gas distribution testGas distribution test ⇒ ⇒ single single NN2 2 breathe washoutbreathe washout
- RC → TLC - RC → TLC OO22 inspiration inspiration
- Pause (Hold breath)- Pause (Hold breath)
- Expiration and measure - Expiration and measure FFN2N2
Respiratory System Measurement
② ② Diffusion Diffusion ⇒ ⇒ CO CO diffusion capacitydiffusion capacity
- Inspire CO, He, in air to TLC ( - Inspire CO, He, in air to TLC ( FFICO ,ICO , F FIHeIHe ) )
- Hold breath for 10sec.- Hold breath for 10sec.
- Expire to measure - Expire to measure FFFCO FCO and and FFFHeFHe
:)ln()47(
60
IHe
FHe
fCO
ICOCO f
F
F
f
Pt
VD
CO diffusioncapacity
THANKS!