8 下 Unit 1 Past and present

The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时

Grammar

Learning aims:1. Master the structure and basic usage of present

perfect tense (PPT).

（掌握现在完成时的用法、基本结构。）

2. Master the rules of forming the past participle of verbs.

（掌握动词的过去分词变化规则。）

3. Master some time expressions usually used in present perfect tense ( PPT).

（掌握常用在现在完成时里的时间表达方式。）

I wrote some words on the blackboard just now.

There are some words on the blackboard now.

I have written some words on the blackboard already.

(( 现在完成时现在完成时 ))

Task1. 现在完成时的主要用法

现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法(( 一一 ))

1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

wrote some words on the Bb

The words are on the Bb

Now

Past

现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法(( 二二 ))

I have been a teacher since I left my college( 大学 ).

I became a teacher. I am still a teacher.

NowPast Future

2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在或将来的动作或状态。

I have been a teacher for 12 years.

3. 表示某事直到现在发生了多少次 .现在完成时用法现在完成时用法 (( 三三 ))

I have watched the TV show many times.

I have written some words on the Bb already.

Task2 (1) 现在完成时结构：

I have been a teacher since I left my college( 大学 ).

Discussion: What new structure can you find in these sentences?

I have been a teacher for 12 years.

I have watched the TV show many times.

——————————

————————

———————

__________________

v 过去分词 have / has +

We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this:

I / You/ We / They

opened the door.

He / She / It

have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t

have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t

Task2 现在完成时否定和一般疑问句。

have

hasnot

Let’s practise

not change a lot

the students

The students haven’t changed a lot.

We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this:

I / you/ we / theyopened the

door?he / she / it

I / you/ we / they

he / she / it

I / you/ we / they

he / she / it

Have

Has

Yes,

No,

have.

has.

haven’t.

hasn’t.

carry the heavy boxes

carried the heavy boxes

A: Have they …? B: Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

Let’s practise

stop a taxi

stopped a taxi

A: Has she …?B: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

Let’s practise

1.He has opened the door. 2.The students haven’t changed a lot.3.Have they carried the heavy boxes? 4.Has she stopped a taxi?过去分词（ P.

P. ）

Most verbs open→

opened

Verbs ending in -e change → changed

Verbs ending in a consonant + y

carry → carried

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

stop → stopped

+ed

+d

-y +ied

double theconsonant +ed

No change come→come hurt → hurt

Change the vowel hold → held win → won

Change the consonant

lend→lent build → built

Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s)

catch →caught keep→ kept forget→ forgotten tell→ told

Others be→ been have→ had fall→ fallen fly→ flowndraw→ drawn see→ seen

见课本第 122.123 页。

The following shows more examples of the past participles of some verbs.

visit repair livemovetry studyfitplan

visited repaired livedmovedtried studiedfittedplanned

hitputmeetmakesellgivewritethink

hitputmetmadesoldgivenwrittenthought

Let me test your memory !

写出下列动词的过去分词

livefinishtry

planhit meetput

catch stop

用现在完成时完成下列句子： (p 14)

1.They ______________(finish) their homework already.

2. John _______ never _______ (visit) China.

3. Mr Li ______________(repair) over ten bicycles

since Monday.

4. We ________________(not see) each other for years.

5. My parents ______________(not come) back yet.

6. Our teacher _____________(teach) us a lot about the

history of China recently( 最近，进来 ).

have finished

has visited

has repaired

haven’t seen

haven’t come

has taught

Task4: 现在完成时的时间状语

1. He has _________ visited many  places in China.     2. The train hasn’t arrived _________. 3. Has she arrived _________ ?   4. Hasn’t he come back_________ ?

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Tips

★ already 是 “已经”之意，用在 ________ 中。 yet用在 _______________ 中，在否定句中有“还”之意。

already

yet

yet

yet

肯定句疑问句和否定句

for: +_________ for a year, for two weeks, for three years...

Since+

________________, since last week, since 2008…____________, since 9 years ago, since 3 days ago…, ___________________________ ： since you came ， since he moved here, since I was born…

Tips

一段时间

过去的某一时刻一段时间 +ago一般过去时态的时间状语从句

Let’ try!

用 since 或 for 填空：

1.I have been at this school ____________ more than two years.

2. She has worked in the factory ___________ ten years ago.

3. Mr. Green has lived in the city ____________ he was born.

4. His father has been a party member ___________ twenty years.

5.She has learned English ________ 1999.

for

for

since

since

since

Key Key wordswords

yet ever

never

since for

just

already

recently

Have

12345

Task5: 巩固练习

1. I’ve already had dinner. ( 否 ) I ________ _____ dinner _____.

2. They have done their homework. ( 疑 ) _____ they _____their homework?

haven’t had yet

1. 将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。

Have done

Interview each other like this:

A: What have you done today?

B: I have ___________today.

2.To be a reporter!

• Why is he so happy?

• Because he has _________.

3.A guessing game

4. Chat time (p 14): Millie: (1)_____ you ______(see) any films recently, Sandy?

Sandy: No, I haven’t. What about you?

Millie: I (2)________(see) one last Saturday.

Sandy: What’s it about?

Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century.

From the film, I (3)______________(learn) more about

Beijing’s past and present.

Sandy: Oh, I think I (4)__________(hear) about the film. Do you

plan to see it again

Millie: Yes, I’d like to

Have seen

saw

have learnt

have heard

Group workGroup work

Talk about the changes in our lives.

Environment Transport

Living conditions

Communication ways

In the past …,but now…,because I have had…

1.In the past I could see… / hear… However, … has become… over the years.

2.My parents used to go to school …, but now, I go to school …., because …

3.I used to live in …but now I live in … because …

现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成

现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法

现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语

过去分词的构成过去分词的构成

Task6: Conclusion 现在完成时

Task7:Homework

1. 复习现在完成时的构成与用法。2. 背诵本节课不规则动词的过去分词。3. 写作：写一篇有关家乡变化的短文。（注意把过去与现在的情况进行对比）

Class began 45 minutes ago

Class has been on for 45 minutes.