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Software QualitySoftware Quality

What is Quality:What is Quality:Different people understand different meanings ofDifferent people understand different meanings ofquality like:quality like:

Conformance to requirementsConformance to requirements

Fitness for the purposeFitness for the purpose

Level of satisfactionLevel of satisfaction

In broad sense the user views of quality must dealIn broad sense the user views of quality must deal

with installation, Operational efficiency andwith installation, Operational efficiency andconvenienceconvenience

In S/w Quality is commonly recognizes as In S/w Quality is commonly recognizes as Lack ofLack ofBugsBugs in the Program.in the Program.

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Mc Call Software Quality ModelMc Call Software Quality Model

Introduced in 77 and many quality factor wereIntroduced in 77 and many quality factor wereincorporatedincorporated

Product Revision

Product Operation

Product Transition

Correctness, Efficiency, Integrity, Reliability, Usability

MaintainabilityFlexibilityTestability

PortabilityReusabilityInteroperability

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Mc Call Software Quality ModelMc Call Software Quality Model

Product Operation:Product Operation:Here factors are related to the OperationalHere factors are related to the Operationalperformance, convenience, ease of usage andperformance, convenience, ease of usage andcorrectness.correctness.

Product Revision:Product Revision:These factors pertain to the Testing andThese factors pertain to the Testing andMaintainability of Software. It gives idea aboutMaintainability of Software. It gives idea aboutmaintenance, flexibility and Testing effortmaintenance, flexibility and Testing effort

Product Transition:Product Transition:To transfer a product from one platform toTo transfer a product from one platform toanother platform or from one technology toanother platform or from one technology toanother technology.another technology.

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Boehms Software Quality ModelBoehms Software Quality Model

Introduced in 78. Boehm has defined three levels of qualityIntroduced in 78. Boehm has defined three levels of qualityattributes:attributes:

Primary usesPrimary uses

Intermediate constructsIntermediate constructs

Primitive constructsPrimitive constructs

This model is similar to Mc Call but also includes hardwareThis model is similar to Mc Call but also includes hardwareperformance that are missing in Mc Call.performance that are missing in Mc Call.

Model reflects:Model reflects:

What user want with S/w ProductWhat user want with S/w Product

Uses of ResourcesUses of Resources

Is Software easy to learn and useIs Software easy to learn and use

Is well designed, well coded, easily tested & MaintainedIs well designed, well coded, easily tested & Maintained

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ISOISO--91269126

Single Model to standardize the Quality factorsSingle Model to standardize the Quality factorssince 1980.since 1980.

It makes easier to compare products.It makes easier to compare products.

It encompasses Six major attributes contributingIt encompasses Six major attributes contributing

the Qualitythe QualityFunctionality:Functionality: Characteristics related with the achievement of purposeCharacteristics related with the achievement of purpose

Reliability:Reliability: Capability of Software to maintain the performance of S/wCapability of Software to maintain the performance of S/w

Usability:Usability: Effort required to use the softwareEffort required to use the softwareEfficiency:Efficiency: Relationship b/w level of performance & amount of resourcesRelationship b/w level of performance & amount of resources

Maintainability:Maintainability: Effort needed to make modification, improvementEffort needed to make modification, improvement

Portability:Portability: Transfer of One software to another oneTransfer of One software to another one

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Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance

Every Company have it.Every Company have it. It is independent groupIt is independent group

Separate group and direct reporting to BossSeparate group and direct reporting to Boss

Every concern must maintain QualityEvery concern must maintain Quality

Look after the user interestLook after the user interest

QA group associated in every work from SRS toQA group associated in every work from SRS tolastlast

Every organization has Quality PolicyEvery organization has Quality Policy ISOISO--9000 requires Quality Policy and it must9000 requires Quality Policy and it must

known to every workerknown to every worker

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Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance QA consist of auditing and reporting function ofQA consist of auditing and reporting function of

Management.Management.

The goal of QA is to provide necessary data/ feedbackThe goal of QA is to provide necessary data/ feedbackrelated to Quality of Productrelated to Quality of Product

Quality Control includes series of Inspection, Reviews andQuality Control includes series of Inspection, Reviews and

Testing to check product does meet the requirement.Testing to check product does meet the requirement. S/w Quality is defined in the conformance to ExplicitlyS/w Quality is defined in the conformance to Explicitly

stated functions and requirement of performances.stated functions and requirement of performances.

SQA group ensures development of S/w as per norms andSQA group ensures development of S/w as per norms andprocedureprocedure

SQA group helps Software Team to achieve high QualitySQA group helps Software Team to achieve high Qualitysoftware.software.

SEI has recommended a set of activities to performSEI has recommended a set of activities to performensuring QA.ensuring QA.

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Quality AssuranceQuality AssuranceActivities of SQA Group:Activities of SQA Group:

1.1. Prepare a QA plan for Project. This plan willPrepare a QA plan for Project. This plan willinclude evaluation to be performed.include evaluation to be performed.

Review, Inspection and auditReview, Inspection and audit

Standards applicable for ProjectStandards applicable for Project Procedure for error reporting and Training.Procedure for error reporting and Training.

Documents to prepare by SQA groupDocuments to prepare by SQA group

Amount of Feedback recorded for SQA groupAmount of Feedback recorded for SQA group

2.2. SQA group participates in development of S/wSQA group participates in development of S/wprocess description and reviews it for employerprocess description and reviews it for employerwith the Organization Policy and Preparation ofwith the Organization Policy and Preparation ofSOW (Statement of Work)SOW (Statement of Work)

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Quality AssuranceQuality AssuranceActivities of SQA Group:Activities of SQA Group:

3.3. QAQA reviewsreviews SoftwareSoftware EnggEngg.. ActivitiesActivities toto verifyverifythethe compliancescompliances.. ThisThis groupgroup identifiesidentifies thethedocumentsdocuments andand tracktrack deviationdeviation fromfrom thethe processprocess

andand verifyverify thatthat correctioncorrection havehave beenbeen mademade..4.4. Audit,Audit, SoftwareSoftware andand verifyverify compliancescompliances..

5.5. EnsuresEnsures thatthat deviationdeviation inin softwaresoftware workwork andandworkwork productsproducts areare documenteddocumented andand handledhandled

accordingaccording toto laidlaid downdown procedureprocedure..6.6. RecordingRecording ofof anyany nonnon--compliancecompliance andand reportreport toto

SeniorSenior ManagementManagement..

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ISOISO--9001/90029001/9002 It is heavily documented driven standardIt is heavily documented driven standard

ISOISO--9001 has 20 Clauses, that laid down the9001 has 20 Clauses, that laid down theguidelines for the development of QA system.guidelines for the development of QA system.

These guidelines defines essential feature ofThese guidelines defines essential feature of

SQASQA Steps that have taken to set up the ISOSteps that have taken to set up the ISO--90019001

standard are:standard are:1.1. Commitment of Quality by highest level of Mgmt.Commitment of Quality by highest level of Mgmt.

2.2. Identifying the procedure to develop the S/w and Test.Identifying the procedure to develop the S/w and Test.3.3. Acceptance of Software by CustomerAcceptance of Software by Customer

4.4. Delivery and InstallationDelivery and Installation

5.5. MaintenanceMaintenance

6.6. Support activities viz documentation Maintenance of s/w, TrainingSupport activities viz documentation Maintenance of s/w, Training

7.7. NC Control and CAPA.NC Control and CAPA.

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ISOISO--9001/90029001/9002-- Check ListCheck List1.1. Quality PolicyQuality Policy2.2. Management ReviewManagement Review

3.3. Quality System ProcedureQuality System Procedure4.4. Contract ReviewContract Review5.5. Design ControlDesign Control6.6. Document ControlDocument Control7.7. PurchasingPurchasing8.8. Software identification and TraceabilitySoftware identification and Traceability9.9. Purchase supplied ProductPurchase supplied Product10.10. Process ControlProcess Control11.11. Inspection and TestingInspection and Testing12.12. Inspection Measuring and Testing EquipmentsInspection Measuring and Testing Equipments13.13. Test StatusTest Status14.14.

Control of Non Confirming ProductsControl of Non Confirming Products15.15. CAPACAPA16.16. Handling Storage and DeliveryHandling Storage and Delivery17.17. Quality RecordsQuality Records18.18. Internal Quality AuditInternal Quality Audit19.19. TrainingTraining

20.20. Software Maintenance Service & Statistical Techniques.Software Maintenance Service & Statistical Techniques.

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SEISEI--CMM Model for Software Orgn.CMM Model for Software Orgn.LevelLevel DescriptionDescription

InitialInitial NoNo properproper method,method, NoNo Management,Management, NoNoEnggEngg.. Procedure,Procedure, StaffStaff onon AdAd--hochoc basisbasis

RepeatableRepeatable ProjectProject ManagementManagement Feature,Feature, RequirementsRequirements

areare establishedestablishedefinedefined DefinitionDefinition ofof ProcessProcess andand EngineeringEngineering

ProcedureProcedure

ManagedManaged InIn additionaddition toto ManagementManagement andand EnggEngg

ProcedureProcedure therethere existexist QualityQuality AssuranceAssurance forforProcessProcess && ProductProduct

Optimi edOptimi ed InIn additionaddition toto allall levellevel therethere isis RR && DDactivitiesactivities andand ContinuousContinuous ProcessProcess

ImprovementImprovement