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Chronological Contents

Part One Early Voices and the First Quarter Century (l880s to 1920s) 1

1. Civil Service Reform in Great Britain,Dorman B. Eaton 16

2. The Study of Administration, Woodro Wilson 22

!. "olitics and Administration,Frank j. Goodnow !#

$. "ro%lems of &unici'al Administration,Jane Addams !(#. Scientific &ana)ement,Frederick w. Taylor $!

6. The &ovement for Bud)etary Reform in the States,

William F. Willoughby $6*. Bureaucracy,a! Weber #+

(. ntroduction to the Study of "u%lic Administration,

"eonard D. White #6-. The Givin) of rders,ary #arker Fullett 6$

Part To The !e "eal to #id$Century (19%0s to 19&0s) '2

1+. /otes on the Theory of r)ani0ation,"uther Gulick -+

11. Re'ort of the "residents Committee on Administrative &ana)ement,"ouis Brownlow$ %harles E. erriam$ "uther Gulick --

12. nformal r)ani0ations and Their Relation to ormal r)ani0ations,%hester &. Barnard 1+$

1!. Bureaucratic Structure and "ersonality,'obert ( erton 1+-

1$. The 3ac4 of a Bud)etary Theory, ).* (ey. Jr. 11(1#. A Theory of 5uman &otivation,A. +. aslow 12!

16. Government s ifferent,#aul A,,leby 1!1

1*. The "rover%s of Administration,+erbert A. -imon 1!61(. The Administrative State7 Conclusion,Dwight Waldo 1#+

1-. The Coo'tative &echanism,#hili, -elnick 1##

2+. The Re'ort of the Commission on r)ani0ation of theE!ecuti/e Branch o0 Go/ernment$ E!cer,t 0romThe +oo/er %ommission 'e,ort 162

21. The 5uman Side of 8nter'rise,Douglas urray cGregor 11*

22. The Science of 9&uddlin) Throu)h,: %harles E. "indblom 1**

Part Three Fro F* to Ci+il ,er+ice -e.or (1900s and 19'0s) 188

2!. r)ani0ations and the System Conce't,Daniel (at 1 'obert " (ahn 2+6

2$. The Road to ""B7 The Sta)es of Bud)et Reform,Allen -chick 21*

2#. The American System,orton Grodins 2!!

26. r)ani0ations of the uture, Warren Bennis 2!(2*. "olicy Analysts7 A /e "rofessional Role in Government Service,

2ehekel Dror 2#+

2(. The 3ife Cycle of Bureau,Anthony Downs 2#(2-. Rescuin) "olicy Analysis from ""BS,Aaron Wilda/sky 2*1

!+. Administrative ecentrali0ation and "olitical "oer,

+erbert (au0man 2(#!1. The 8nd of 3i%eralism7 The ndictment, TheodoreJ. "owi 2-(

!2. Redundancy, Rationality and the "ro%lem of u'lication and verla',

artin "andau !+2

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!!. Toard a /e "u%lic Administration,+. George Frederickson !1#

!$. Systematic Thin4in) for Social Action,Alice $ 'i/lin !2(

!#. m'lementation,Je00rey ". #ressman 1 Aaron Wilda/sky !!-

!6. Water)ate7 m'lications for Res'onsi%le Government,Frederick %. osher 1 *thers !$!

!*. Re'resentative Bureaucracy, -atnuel (rislo/ !#+

!(. r)ani0ational ecline and Cut%ac4 &ana)ement, %harles +. "e/ine !##

Part Four Fro -eagan to -ein+ention (1980s and 1990s) %'0

!-. "u%lic and "rivate &ana)ement7 Are They undamentally Ali4e

in All ;nim'ortant Res'ects< Graham T Allison !-6

$+. Street=3evel Bureaucracy7 The Critical Role of Street=3evelBureaucrats,ichael "i,sky $1$

$1. "u%lic Bud)etin) amidst ;ncertainty and nsta%ility,

3aomi %aiden $2!

$2. emocracy and the "u%lic Service7 The Collective Services,Frederick %. osher $!$

$!. "u%lic Administrative Theory and the Se'aration of "oers,

Da/id +. 'osenbloom $$6$$. The "ossi%ility of Administrative 8thics,Dermis F. Thom,son $#(

$#. 8>'lorin) the 3imits of "rivati0ation,'onald %. oe $6*

$6. Toard a eminist "ers'ective in "u%lic Administration Theory,%amilla -ti/ers $**

$*. ;nderstandin) r)ani0ational Culture,J. -te/en *tt $(*

$(. rom Affirmative Action to Affirmin) iversity,

'. 'oose/elt Thomas$ Jr. $-$$-. A "u%lic &ana)ement for All Seasons< %hristo,her +ood #+!

#+. ederalism, nter)overnmental Relations, and nter)overnmental

&ana)ement7 5istorical Reflections arid Conce'tual Com'arisons,Deil -. Wright #1*

#1. Brea4in) Throu)h Bureaucracy, &ichael Bar0elay ith

Babak J. Armajani #!!#2. rom Red Ta'e to Results7 Creatin) a Government That

Wor4s Better and Costs 3ess, The 3ational #er0ormance 'e/iew ##6

#!. 5o oes an deas Time Come< A)endas, Alternatives,and "u%lic "olicies,John W. (ingdon #6$

#$. "olicy "arado>7 The Art of "olitical ecision &a4in),

Deborah -tone #*1

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To/ical Contents

The "isci/line o. Pulic dinistration

The Study of Administration ?1((*@ Woodro Wilson 22

ntroduction to the Study of "u%lic Administration ?1-26@ 3eonard . White #6

The Administrative State7 Conclusion ?1-$(@ i)ht Waldo 1#+

Toard a /e "u%lic Administration ?1-*1@ 5. Geor)e rederic4son !1#"u%lic Administrative Theory and the Se'aration of "oers ?1-(!@

avid 5. Rosen%loom $$6

Toard a eminist "ers'ective in "u%lic Administration Theory ?1--+@Camilla Stivers $**

The Political Contet o. Pulic dinistration

"olitics and Administration ?1-++@ ran4 . Goodno !#

Government s ifferent ?1-$#@ "aul A''le%y 1!1

Administrative ecentrali0ation and "olitical "oer ?1-6-@ 5er%ert aufman 2(#

3ureaucracyBureaucracy ?1-22@ &a> We%er #+

Bureaucratic Structure and "ersonality ?1-$+@ Ro%ert . &erton 1+-r)ani0ations of the uture ?1-6*@ Warren Bennis 2!(

The 3ife Cycle of Bureaus ?1-6*@ Anthony ons 2#(

Street=3evel Bureaucracy The Critical Role of Street=level Bureaucrats ?1-(+@&ichael 3i's4y $1$

Brea4in) Throu)h Bureaucracy ?1--2@ &ichael Bar0elay ith Ba%a4 . ArmaDani #!!

Organi4ation Theory

Scientific &ana)ement ?1-12@ rederic4 W. Taylor $!

The Givin) of rders ?1-26@ &ary "ar4er ollett 6$/otes on the Theory of r)ani0ation ?1-!*@ 3uther Gulic4 -+nformal r)ani0ations and Their Relation to ormal r)ani0ations ?1-!(@

Chester , Barnard 1+$

The "rover%s of Administration ?1-$6@ 5er%ert A. Simon 1!6The Coo'tative &echanism ?1-$-@ "hili' Sel0nic4 1##

r)ani0ations and the System Conce't ?1-66@ aniel at0 E Ro%ert 3. ahn 2+6

;nderstandin) r)ani0ational Culture ?1-(-@ . Steven tt $(*

5uan -esources #anageent

Civil Service Reform in Great Britain ?1((+@ orman B. 8aton 16

A Theory of 5uman &otivation ?1-$!@ A. 5. &aslo 12!The 5uman Side of 8nter'rise ?1-#*@ ou)las &urray &cGre)or 1*1

Re'resentative Bureaucracy ?1-*$@ Samuel rislov !#+

emocracy and the "u%lic Service The Collective Services ?1-(2@rederic4 c. &osher $!$

rom Affirmative Action.to Affirmin) iversity ?1--+@ R. Roosevelt Thomas, r. $-$

The 3udgetary Process

The &ovement for Bud)etary Reform in the States ?1-1(@ William . Willou)h%y $6

The 3ac4 of a Bud)etary Theory ?1-$+@ F. ey, r. 11(

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The Road to ""B7 The Sta)es of Bud)et Reform ?1-66@ Allen Schic4 21*

Rescuin) "olicy Analysis from ""BS ?1-6-@ Aaron Wildavs4y 2*1

r)ani0ational ecline and Cut%ac4 &ana)ement ?1-*(@ Charles 5. 3evine !##

"u%lic Bud)etin) amidst ;ncertainty and nsta%ility ?1-(1@ /aomi Caiden $2!

Pulic #anageent

"ro%lems of &unici'al Administration ?1-+$@ ane Addams !(Re'ort of the "residents Committee on Administrative &ana)ement ?1-!*@

3ouis Bronlo, Charles 8. &erriam Gulic4 --

The Re'ort of the Commission on r)ani0ation of the 8>ecutive Branch ofGovernment ?1-$-@ 8>cer't from The 5oover Commission Re'ort 162

"u%lic and "rivate &ana)ement7 Are They undamentally Ali4e in All

;nim'ortant Res'ects< ?1-(+@ Graham T. Allison !-68>'lorin) the 3imits of "rivati0ation ?1-(*@ Ronald C. &oe $6*

A "u%lic &ana)ement for All Seasons< ?1--+@ Christo'her 5ood #+!

Pulic Policy and nalysis

The Science of 9&uddlin) Throu)h: ?1-#-@ Charles 8. 3ind%lom 1**

"olicy Analysts7 A /e "rofessional Role in Government Service ?1-6*@

ehe04el ror 2#+The 8nd of 3i%eralism7 The ndictment ?1-6-@ Theodore . 3oi 2-(

5o oes an deas Time Come< A)endas, Alternatives, and "u%lic "olicies ?1--#@

ohn W. in)don #6$"olicy "arado>7 The Art of "olitical ecision &a4in) ?1--*@ e%orah Stone #*1

6/leentation

Redundancy, Rationality, and the "ro%lem u'lication and verla' ?1-6-@&artin 3andau !+2

m'lementation ?1-*!@ effrey 3. "ressman E Aaron Wildavs4y !!-

Progra E+aluation

Systematic Thin4in) for Social Action ?1-*1@ Alice &. Rivlin !2(

rom Red Ta'e to Results7 Creatin) a Government That Wor4s Better and Costs 3ess?1--!@ The /ational "erformance Revie ##6

H

6ntergo+ernental -elations

The American System ?1-66@ &orton Grod0ins 2!!

ederalism, nter)overnmental Relations, and nter)overnmental &ana)ement7

5istorical Reflections and Conce'tual Com'arisons ?1--+@ eil S. Wri)ht #1*

Pulic ,er+ice Ethics

Water)ate7 m'lications for Res'onsi%le Government ?1-*$@

rederic4 C. &osher E thers !$!The "ossi%ility of Administrative 8thics ?1-(#@ ennis . Thom'son $#(

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8very field has its classics. Scientists ishin) to understand the foundation u'on hich

modern %iolo)y rests consult arin. "hysicists study 8instein. "sycholo)ists read reud. n a

similar fashion, necomers to the field of 'u%lic administration 'eruse or4s %y 'eo'le li4e

Wilson, We%er, and White.The systematic study of 'u%lic administration is no more than one hundred years old.

"eo'le have %een 'racticin) )overnmental administration for millennia, %ut fe attem'ted to

conduct research and collect information in an orderly ay until the late nineteenth century. Themovement to understand administration arose simultaneously in )overnment and industry.

Ca'italists needed insi)hts into the mana)ement of lar)e cor'orations, and )overnmental leaders

needed to im'rove the delivery of 'u%lic services."eo'le ho studied administration em%raced an assum'tion that as remar4a%le at the time.

olloin) the tradition of the scientific revolution, they su))ested that the 'ractice of

administration could %e reduced to lessons and tau)ht to necomers. Similar develo'ments hadoccurred in fields li4e chemistry and en)ineerin), so hy not administrationaminations and licensin) 'rocedures 'revail.

/onetheless it is %ased u'on a %ody of 4noled)e that 'eo'le are e>'ected to master %eforeassumin) si)nificant res'onsi%ilities. The era hen mana)ers could deliver 'u%lic services %ased

u'on 'ractical e>'erience and a fe technical manuals is lon) )one.

The sco'e of 'u%lic administration is %road. "eo'le ho or4 in )overnment a)encies'ractice 'u%lic administration so do those ho 'rovide 'u%lic services as mem%ers of non'rofit

or)ani0ations or as cor'orate em'loyees or4in) on )overnment contracts. The %ody of 4noled)e

u'on hich this 'ractice rests is %eilderin)ly com'le>. To necomers, die com'le>ity can %e

overhelmin), a situation made orse %y the tendency of otherise intelli)ent 'eo'le to 'ursuetem'orary trends and fads. ortunately, necomers to the field need not sort out endurin) lessons

on their on. They can turn to the %lassics o0 ,ublic Administration.

Widely read, this collection of classics is es'ecially useful for 'eo'le encounterin) 'u%licadministration for the first time. The fifty=four selections 'resented here em'hasi0e three of the

most endurin) 'reoccu'ations of 'eo'le ho study 'u%lic administration7 the mana)ement of

)overnment 'ro)rams, the %ehavior of 'u%lic servants, and the intersection of 'olitics andadministration. n the first te>t%oo4 to %e ritten from the 'u%lic 'ers'ective, 3eonard . White

'ronounced that 9the study of administration should start from the %ase of mana)ement.: Woodro

Wilson, the American 'resident ho as a youn) 'olitical scientist called for the study ofadministration, also favored the mana)ement a''roach. 9t is )ettin) harder to run a constitution,:

Wilson said, 9than to frame one.: 3i4e so many e>erts of his time, Wilson %elieved that e>ecutive

methods could %e rescued from the confusion surroundin) 'ractice and set u'on 9foundations laid

dee' in sta%le 'rinci'le.: &uch early Wor4 %y e>'erts li4e 3uther Gulic4 and rederic4 Taylorarose from the desire to identify sta%le 'rinci'les u'on hich 'rofessional mana)ement could %e

%ased. Tailors 'rinci'les of scientific mana)ement and Gulic4s 'rinci'les of administration

re'resent that effort. Gulic4 additionally characteri0ed the or4 of 'u%lic mana)ers, em'loyin) theno famous "SCRB. The acronym stands for the functions of administration and the su%Dect

of many readin)s contained herein7 'lannin), or)ani0in), staffin) ?otherise 4non as human

resource mana)ement@, directin), coordinatin), re'ortin), and %ud)etin).

Throu)h the a''lication of 'rinci'les, e>'erts hel'ed to create the modem administrative

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state. "rinci'les ere a''lied to the conduct of )overnmental affairs %y advisory )rou', li4e the

"residents Committee on Administrative &ana)ement, also 4non as the Bronlo Committee.

"u%lic administration orldide underent a dramatic transformation from the relatively

unso'histicated methods used to conduct affairs of state in the mid=nineteenth century to the vasta''aratus availa%le for the delivery of services in the tentieth. The 'redominant or)ani0ational

form em'loyed for that transformation, as the German sociolo)ist &a> We%er adroitly noted

shortly after the %e)innin) of the tentieth century, as the )overnmental %ureaucracy. A%ureaucracy is a 'articular institutional ty'e, as different from other forms of or)ani0ation as

ever)reens are from deciduous trees.

Bureaucracies 'roved %e a marvelous form of or)ani0ation for mass='roducin) relativelysim'le 'u%lic services in nations under)oin) industriali0ation. et many %elieve that %ureaucratic

)overnment has outlived its usefulness. Tre'idation %e)an ith Ro%ert &ertons classic criticism in

9Bureaucratic Structure and "ersonality: and continued throu)h the %old su))estion %y WarrenBennis that 9e ill 'artici'ate in the end of %ureaucracy: %y the %e)innin) of the tenty=first

century, The effort to reduce the influence of %ureaucratic %ehavior culminated in hat has %een

called the ne 'u%lic mana)ement, re'resented in or4s li4e the advisory re'ort of the /ational

"erformance Revie.Around the orld, the or4 Governmental %ureaucracies is %ein) cut %ac4, 'rivati0ed, and

contracted out, all 'art of the movement to limit the de)ree to hich the 'u%lic res'onsi%ilities need

to %e carried out throu)h lar)e )overnmental %ureaus. m'atience ith slu))ish %ureaucracies ishi)h. Trust in the ca'a%ility of lar)e )overnment or)ani0ations to effectively deliver 'u%lic services

is lo. 8conomists ieldin) 'u%lic choice theories lend scientific credi%ility to the )eneral notion

that com'etitive mar4ets ill consistently out'erform %ureaucrats in hat constitute 'u%licmono'olies.

"u%lic administration %e)ins ith macro=mana)ement issues such as these, %ut does not sto'

there. &uch of the or4 of deliverin) 'u%lic services occurs at the %ehavioral level, here 'eo'le

are motivated and led to do hat they need to do. The realm of or)ani0ational %ehavior is of )reatinterest to 'eo'le ho study 'u%lic administration. ust as e>'erts %elieve that mana)ers can %e

tau)ht to mana)e, many %elieve that leadershi' can %e systematically studied and transmitted.

To this end, readers of the current edition can e>amine classics li4e &ary "ar4er olletts9la of the situation,: A%raham &aslos 9hierarchy of needs,: and ou)las &cGre)ors 9theory

I and .: Such advice raises critical issue re)ardin) the nature of 'u%lic service. Current

%ehavioral 'rinci'les are aimed at creatin) a s'irit of leadershi' amon) 'u%lic e>ecutives. et someJuestion hether nonelected 'u%lic servants should e>hi%it such entre'reneurial %ehavior. As

5er%ert aufman 'oints out in his article on administrative values, 'u%lic administration has a lon)

tradition of neutral com'etence. Accordin) to this doctrine, 'u%lic administrators are not e>'ectedto lead, a 'hiloso'hy most com'letely e>'ressed in ran4 Goodnos classic e>'osition on the

'oliticsKadministration dichotomy. et the stance of neutral com'etence is often frustrated in

'ractice. /eutral com'etence assumes that 'u%lic administration can %e reduced to sim'le tas4s

routines and rules. As &ichael 3i's4y 'oints out in his classic or4 on street=level %ureaucrats,)overnment em'loyees 'ossess, much discretion. Their or4 cannot %e totally 'ro)rammed or

controlled in advance. They inter'ret 'olicy, interact ith citi0ens, construct coalitions, ne)otiate,

%ar)ain, and otherise e>ercise res'onsi%ilities that reJuire them to use Dud)ment in the com'letionof their or4. These are the s4ills associated ith e>ecutive leadershi', not mana)ement or neutral

com'etence narroly defined.

Given the s'ecial 'osition of the 'u%lic Servant as an instrument of the la, any discussion of

%ehavior and leadershi' raises ethical Juestions. By hat standards should 'eo'le ho receive the

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'u%lic trust %e )uided as they )o a%out their or4< Farious e>'erts have restled ith the ethical

issues that arise from 'u%lic administrators e>ercisin) discretion and leadershi'. Servin) as the

s'o4es'erson for hat as once called the 9ne 'u%lic administration,: Geor)e rederic4son

e>'lores the manner in hich 'u%lic administrators mi)ht move %eyond the restrictions im'osed %ytraditional concerns a%out economy and efficiency. ennis Thom'son shos ho the reJuirement

to follo orders and remain neutral need not 'reclude inde'endent moral Dud)ment amon) 'u%lic

servants.8thical and %ehavioral concerns lead inevita%ly to another vast area of 'u%lic administration

the study of 'olitics and la. As "aul A''le%y asserts in his classic commentary on the

administrative 'rocess 9)overnment is different.: 5istorically, many of the mana)erial and%ehavioral 'rinci'lesfound in the field of 'u%lic administration also sha'e the cor'orate orld. n

fact, many of the 'rinci'les a''lied to )overnment are derived from %usiness e>'erience. A''le%y

'erceived a fla in this methodolo)y. "u%lic administration, he o%serves, consists of activities of'eculiarity and sco'e that any attem't to treat them solely as the %usiness of mana)ement ill

'rove self defeatin). "u%lic certainly use %usinessli4e methods, But as Graham Allison ar)ues in

Juotin) from Wallace Sayres famous la, 'u%lic administration and %usiness mana)ement are

9fundamentally ali4e in all unim'ortant res'ect.:When a''lied to )overnment, %usiness methods 'roduce efficient administration. et the

Juest for efficiency is not necessarily the first a>iom of administrative 'ractice. As avid

Rosen%loom 'oints out in his )round%rea4in) or4 on constitutional doctrine and administrativetheory, the illin)ness of lama4ers to transfer 'oer to e>ecutive a)ents does not 'roceed from a

fundamental concern for efficiency. While mana)ers in die e>ecutive %ranch may %e 'reoccu'ied

ith efficiency, their le)islative creators are far more concerned ith fairness, res'onsiveness, andchec4s on the a%use of 'oer. Carryin) this ar)ument one ste' further, Rosen%loom e>amines the

Dudicial interest in 'u%lic administration. ud)es, he says, are interested in 'rocedural due 'rocess,

eJuity, and individual ri)hts.

The 'ractice of 'u%lic administration rises from the storehouse of 4noled)e 'rovided %yor4s li4e these. ifferent 'ers'ectives lead to different challen)es. Shafrit0, 5yde, and "ar4es

have 'erformed a )reat service %y assem%lin) such a %road )rou' of studies in one accessi%le

volume. As the success of the 'revious editions has shon, they have created a classic of their on./o 'erson should attem't to 'ractice 'u%lic administration ithout com'rehendin) the lessons

contained in this %oo4.

5oard E7 #cCurdy

The American ;niversity

Be assured the editors are not so %old as to assert that these are the classics of 'u%lic

administration. The field is so diverse that there can %e no such list. 5oever, e do contend that it

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is 'ossi%le to ma4e a list of many of the disci'lines most si)nificant riters and 'rovide

re'resentative sam'les of their or4. That is hat e have attem'ted here. t is readily admitted

that riters of eJual stature have not found their ay into this collection and that eJually im'ortant

or4s of some of the authors included here are missin). Considerations of s'ace and %alancenecessarily 'revailed.

The 'rimary characteristic of a classic in any field is its endurin) value. We have classic

automo%iles, classic or4s of literature, classic techniJues for dealin) ith le)al, medical, ormilitary 'ro%lems, and so on. Classics emer)e and endure throu)h the years %ecause of their

continuin) a%ility to %e useful. The Three &us4eteers is as )ood an adventure story today as it as

in 1($$ hen Ale>andre umas rote it. But ho many other nineteenth=century novels can youname< e have )eneral utility for a tenty=first=century audience. t has %een no different ith the

'rofessional literature of 'u%lic administration. &uch has %een ritten, %ut hat is still orth

readin) today or ill %e tomorro< The intent of this collection is to ma4e readily availa%le someof the orthhile material from the 'ast that ill %e eJually valua%le for tomorro.

We had three criteria for includin) a selection. irst the selection had to %e relevant to a main

theme of 'u%lic administration. t had to %e a %asic statement that as consistently echoed or

attac4ed in su%seJuent years. t also had to %e im'ortant of continuin) relevance. This leads to oursecond criterion si)nificance. The selection had to %e )enerally reco)ni0ed as a si)nificant

contri%ution to the realm and disci'line of 'u%lic administration. An unreco)ni0ed classic seems to

us to %e a contradiction. As a rule of thum%, e as4ed ourselves, 9Should the serious student of'u%lic administration %e e>'ected to %e a%le to identify this author and his or her %asic themes'ect to %ecritici0ed for e>cludin) this or that 'articular article or riter, it ould %e difficult to honestly

critici0e us for our inclusions. The riters chosen are amon) the most idely Juoted and re'rinted

'ractitioners and academics in 'u%lic administration. The %asic idea of this %oo4 as sim'ly to

%rin) them to)ether. The final criterion for inclusion as reada%ility. We sou)ht selections thatould %e read and a''reciated %y 'eo'le ith or ithout a su%stantial %ac4)round in 'u%lic

administration.

The selections are arran)ed in chronolo)ical order over a 11* year 'eriod from orman B.8aton in 1((+ to e%orah Stone in 1--*. We ho'e that hen read in this order, the collection ill

)ive the reader a sense of the continuity of the disci'lineLs thin4in) and sho ho the various

riters and themes literally %uild u'on each other. This also facilitates introducin) the ritersthemes as re'resentative of a 'articular decade. %viously, many authors can s'an ?and have

s'anned@ the decades ith their contri%utions to the literature of the disci'line. /evertheless, the

selections re'rinted here should %e vieed and discussed in their historical conte>t. Althou)h manyof the selections mi)ht seem Juite old to a student readershi', do not for a moment thin4 that they

are dated. They are considered classics in the first 'lace %ecause of their continuin) value to each

ne )eneration.

We are 'leased that this te>t is so idely used in schools of, and courses on, 'u%licadministration. We naturally hesitate to chan)e a 'roduct that has 'roved so useful to our 'eers.

But e had to u'date it to include some im'ortant themes. Because of si0e constraints, e could

not add ithout also doin) some su%tractin). verall e deleted nine of the fifty=four selectionsfrom the fourth edition. 5oever discussions on the deleted selections ?5errin), 5ol0er, n)raham,

oyce, ettl, 3eis, &eltsner, Shar4ans4y, and Wri)ht M1--6N@ ere retained in the introductions.

We very much re)ret havin) had to ma4e these deletions, %ut e sim'ly had to ma4e room for thenine ne selections. Si> of the ne articles ere ritten in the 'ast fifteen years. We also added a

selection from the late nineteenth century, and another, from the early tentieth century. n

addition to these chan)es in the %oo4, Sandra "ar4es has Doined as a coeditor. Sandras insi)hts and

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'ers'ectives ill %enefit the %oo4 for years to come. We are fortunate to add her s4ills and

e>'erience as a researcher and scholar.

The folloin) individuals ere variously hel'ful in the 're'aration of this and earlier

editions and have earned our than4s7 &ary 8llen oyce of the Broo4in)s nstitution Ro%ert Ga)e ofthe ;niversity of Colorado at enver 5oard &cCurdy avid 5. Rosen%loom, and Bernard Ross

of the American ;niversity atherine /aff of San rancisco State ;niversity . Steven tt of the

;niversity of ;tah Sharon Caudle and erry unn of The General Accountin) ffice eloresoley of the ;niversity of 5aaii ran4 Scott of California State ;niversity, 5ayard 5arry A.

Bailey of Tem'le ;niversity Breena Coates of San ie)o State ;niversity onald Goldstein,

3arence 5oard, evin earns, Carolyn Ban, and 5arvey 3. White of the ;niversity of"itts%ur)h /. ose'h Cayer and anet F. enhardt of Ari0ona State ;niversity orothy lshfs4i

and &ar4 5ol0er of Rut)ers=/ear4 Tom /ovotny and Warren &aster o0 The #ublic anager

ran4 . Thom'son and /orma Riccucci of the State ;niversity of /e or4 at Al%any 8. W.Russell of 3a Tro%e ;niversity, &el%ourne, Australia erry &cCaffery of the /aval "ost=Graduate

School Geert Bouc4aert of the Catholic ;niversity of 3euven in Bel)ium Beverly Ci)ler of

"ennsylvania State ;niversity, 5arris%ur) 5yon) i of the istrict of Colum%ia Government

enneth Warren of St. 3ouis ;niversity 5u)h T. &iller of lorida Atlantic ;niversity and ohn"arham of &innesota State ;niversity, &an4ato. We are )rateful to An)ie "roctor, ho 'rovided

'ersistent and or)ani0ed assistance ith locatin) articles and cha'ters and in acJuirin) 'ermissions.

We also ish to ac4noled)e the hel'ful insi)ht of many 'ast users and e>'eriencedinstructors, includin) 5oard Balanoff, ;niversity of Te>as Carl Bellone, California State

;niversity, 5ayard Richard Cha4erian, lorida State ;niversity onna Cofer, Southest

&issouri State ;niversity Ste'hen 8. Condrey, ;niversity of Geor)ia Susan Co>, California State;niversity, 3on) Beach avid 5. avis, ;niversity of Toledo ames Glass, ;niversity of /orth

Te>as State ;niversity Andre Glass%er), ;niversity of &issouri at St. 3ouis onald ettl,

;niversity of Wisconsin at &adison Andre &c/itt, 8astern llinois ;niversity Ro%ert &ieald,

;niversity of /e%ras4a, 3incoln Gre) "rotasel, ;niversity of Alas4a at Anchora)e "hili' Russo,&iami ;niversity and ohn Steart, "ennsylvania State ;niversity.