9. tnct

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TI NGUYN CY THUC

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Mc tiu hc tp

Sau khi hc xong phn ny, sinh vin s cth:

1. Trnh by c khi nim v cc gi tr caTNCT.

2. Phn tch c tnh a dng v hin trngTNCT Vit Nam.

3. Phn tch c cc mi e do i vi TNCT

v cc phng php bo t

n chng.4. Trinh by c ni dung hin i ho Y hc

c truyn v s chia s li ch trong pht trinTNCT.
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Ni dung

1.i cng v TNCT1.1. Khi nim v TNCT

1.2.c im TNCT (t c T365-366)1.3. Gi tr ca TNCT

2. TNCT Vit Nam

2.1.iu kin t nhin v x hi(t c T370-371)2.2. TNCT Vit Nam

2.3. Khai thc v pht trin TNCT Vit Nam

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Ni dung

3. Bo

tn

TNCT3.1. Cc mi e do i vi TNCT

3.2. S tham gia trong bo tn TNCT

(t c T378-379)

3.3. Cc phng php bo tn TNCT

4. Pht trin TNCT

4.1. Trng cy thuc4.2. Hin i ho y hc c truyn

4.3. Quyn s hu tr tu v chia s li ch trong phttrin TNCT (t c T386-388)

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Khi nim TNCT

TNCT gm 2 b phn cu thnh:

Cy c Tri thc s dng&
http://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Khai%20niem%20TNCT.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Khai%20niem%20TNCT.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Khai%20niem%20TNCT.mpghttp://cay%20co.ppt/http://cay%20co.ppt/http://tri%20thuc%20su%20dung.ppt/http://tri%20thuc%20su%20dung.ppt/http://tri%20thuc%20su%20dung.ppt/http://cay%20co.ppt/http://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Khai%20niem%20TNCT.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Khai%20niem%20TNCT.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Khai%20niem%20TNCT.mpg

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L kt qu ca qu trinh tinho lu di di tc ngca cc yu t t nhin

Chu tc ng chnh ca ccqui lut t nhin: Lin quan n cc mn khoa

hc t nhin nh sinh hc,nng hc, lm hc, dc hc,

vv..

Cy c

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Cc c im lin quan n cy c

1. Mt loi c nhiu tn gi khc nhau, ch c mt tnkhoa hc duy nht.

2. Phn c gi tr s dng ca cy thuc l cc cht ho

hc - hot cht, thng chim mt t l rt thp, cth thayi theo iu kin sinh sng, do lm thayi, gim hoc mt tc dng cha bnh.

Cc bc phn loi ging nhau thng cha cc nhm

hot cht nh nhau1. B phn s dng a dng. Trong mt loi, cc b

phn khc nhau c th c tc dng khc nhau.
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Cc c im lin quan ntri thc s dng

TTSD c c t 2 ngun: (i) tri thc bn a v (ii) tri thckhoa hc.

Tri thc khoa hc thng c lu li trong cc n phm (sch,bo, tp ch, cng trinh nghin cu khoa hc, c s d liu, vv.).

Tri thc bn a thng c truyn ming, gii hn mc hp, do c nhn, gia inh, dng h hay cng ng nm gi.

Phn ln tri thc khoa hc l bt ngun t tri thc bn a.

TTSD rt a dng: Cng mt loi c nhiu cch s dngkhc nhau tu theo dn tc v a phng.

TTSD c s tin ho, thng quan kinh nghim thc tin,bi hc tht bi.

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S khc nhau gia cy thu cv

cy trng nng nghip

Cy nng nghip Cy thuc

- Ngn ngy - a dng (di ngy)

- S lng t

- c nghin cu k lng,

n mc di loi

- S lng nhiu

- Cha c nghin cu k,

ln ln nhiu loi

- c thun ho, quenthuc

- t c thun ho, ch yu thoang di

- u ra a dng - u ra c bit

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GI TR CA TNCT1. Gi tr s dng (Use Value)

2. Gi tr kinh t (Economic Value)3. Gi tr tim nng (Potential Value)

4. Gi tr vn ho - X hi (Socio-Cultural

Value)
http://gia%20tri%20su%20dung.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20kinh%20te.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20tiem%20nang.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20van%20hoa.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20van%20hoa.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20tiem%20nang.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20kinh%20te.ppt/http://gia%20tri%20su%20dung.ppt/

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(1) Gi tr s dng

Khong 80% dn s ccnc ang pht trin vidn s khong 3,5 n 4 tngi trn th gii c nhucu chm sc sc kho banu ph thuc vo nn yhc c truyn.

Phn ln trong s phthuc vo ngun dc liuhoc cc cht chit sut tdc liu.

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(2) Gi tr kinh t

C 119 cht tinh khitc chit tch t khong90 loi thc vt bc cao

c s dng lm thuc.

Nu pht trin ti a ccthuc cy c t cc ncnhit i, c th lm rakhong 900 t USD minm cho nn kinh t ccnc th gii th 3.

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(3) Gi tr tim nng

Ti nguyn cy c l itng sng lc tm ccthuc mi.

Vin Ung th Quc gia M: Sng lc n 35.000 spp.

Khong 3.500 cu trcho hc mi c ngun gct thin nhin c phthin, 2.618 t thc vtbc cao, 512 t thc vtbc thp.

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(3) Gi tr vn ho

S dng cy c lm thuc lmt trong nhng c trngvn ho ca cc dn tc:

Ngi Dao:Bi thuc tm chabnh, tng cng th lccho ph n sau ,s dng la lm thuc

Cc dn tc Ty Nng,Mng, Chm, vv.
http://thuoc%20tam%20nguoi%20dao.ppt/http://thuoc%20tam%20nguoi%20dao.ppt/http://thuoc%20tam%20nguoi%20dao.ppt/http://thuoc%20tam%20nguoi%20dao.ppt/http://lua%20lam%20thuoc.ppt/http://lua%20lam%20thuoc.ppt/http://lua%20lam%20thuoc.ppt/http://thuoc%20tam%20nguoi%20dao.ppt/

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Gi tr x hi

TNCT gp phn duy tr v bo v mttrong 5 loi ti sn ca con ngui:

Sc kho

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3.2 Ti nguyn Cy thuc Vit Nam

3.2.1. Cy thucVin dc liu (2003): 3850 loi.

TS. V Vn Chi: 3200 loi cy thuc, (k cnhung cy nhp ni)

S loi cy thuc Vit Nam chim 16-17%s loi cy thuc trn ton th gii.

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Phn b ca cy thuc 3/4 l cc loi cy mc hoang di, phn b ch yu cc vng

rng ni, vngi v trung du.

Phn b theo vng:

Phn b 8 vng sinh thi trong nc l ngBc - Bc b,Vit Bc Hong lin Sn, Ty Bc, ng bng sng Hng,Bc Trung b, ng Trng Sn v Nam Trung b, Ty

Nguyn, ngNam b v ng bng sng Cu long; Tp trung ch yu 5 trung tm a dng sinh vt l Hong

Lin Sn, Cc Phng, Bch M, Yok n, Lm Vin v Ct Tin.

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3.2.2. Tri thc s dng cy thuc 2 loi chnh:

(i) trong nn y hc chnh thng, c ngungc t Trung y, vi cc h thng l lun vthc hnh c t liu ho trong sch v;

(ii) trong cc nn y hc nhn dn, t ct liu ho hay cha c nghin cu y.

http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20nhan%20dan.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20nhan%20dan.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20nhan%20dan.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20nhan%20dan.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20nhan%20dan.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20nhan%20dan.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/http://y%20hoc%20chinh%20thong.ppt/

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Y hc chnh thng

Trong nn y hc chnh thng, c nc c hn40 bnh vin y hc c truyn v cc khoa yhc c truyn trong cc bnh vin a khoa.

C 5.000 ngi hnh ngh thuc y hc ctruyn vi gn 4.000 cschn tr ngy.

C khong 700 loi thng c nhc ntrong cc sch ngy, sch v cy thuc, 150-180 v thuc thngc s dngcc bnhvin y hc c truyn, lng y.

Nhu cu dc liu cho y hc c truyn chnh

thng khong 30.000 tn/nm.

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Y hc nhn dn Mi cngng min ni thng bit

s dng t 300-500 loi cy c sn ctrong khu vc lm thuc.

Mi gia inh bit s dng t vi nvi chc cy cha cc chng bnh

thng thng trong cngng. Mi cng ng thng c 2-5 thy

lang (hay hn) c kinh nghim sdng v s dng s loi nhiu hn.

c lng s loi s dng ti cccngngVit Nam l 6.000.
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3.3. Khai thc v pht trin ti nguyncy thuc Vit Nam

3.3.1. Khai thc cy thuc Cy thuc ang c khai thc bn vi lng ln cho cc cng

ty dc trong nc v xut khu.

C nc c 286 cs sn xut dc phm, sn xut 1.294 loidc phm c sn xut t nguyn liu thc vt hoc cht chitxut t thc vt, chim 23 % s loi dc phm.

S dng 435 loi cy c. Nhu cu dc liu cho khi cng nghip dc khong 20.000 tn,

v cho xut khu l 10.000 tn/nm. Vit Nam xut khu c 13 triu USD.

Tim nng cung cp dc liu c th t 500 - 800 t ng.
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Tnh trng khai thc:

Khai thc ba bi, khng c k hoch, thu hi theo kiu tn thu,

lm mt kh nng ti sinh t nhin: Cn kit nhanh chng TNCT.

Mt s loi b e do: Vngng (Coscinium fenestratum),

Hongng (Fibraurea tinctoria),

Ba kch (Morinda officinalis), Kim tuyn (Anoectochilus setaceus),

Hong lin chn g (Coptis quinquesecta),

Sm v dip (Panax bipinnatifidus), vv.

3.3. Khai thc v pht trin TNCTVit Nam

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3.3.2. Pht trin ti nguyn cy thuc

1/Trng v pht trin cy thuc c ngun gc bna:

Cc vng trng min ni:

H Giang (Qun B, ng Vn, Mo Vc, Hong Su Phi, PhBng), Lng Sn (Mu Sn), Yn Bi (Van Chn, Lc Yn), LaiChu (Sn H), Lo Cai (Sa Pa, Bt Xt, Bc H), Qung Nam (TrMy), Lm ng ( Lt), vv.

Cc vng chuyn trng cy thuc: Ngha Trai (Vn Lm, Hng Yn) trng i tr hn 10 loi cy

thuc,

M S, a Ngu (Khoi Chu).


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1/ Tr ng v pht trin cy thuc c ngun gc bna:

Nhiu cy thuc c cc trngi hc, vin,cng ty dc nghin cu pht trn thnh cngthnh cc dng bo ch bn rng ri trn th trngnh:

Binh vi, Ch dy, Ch rng ca, ch mu, Kim tin tho,Mp ng, Ngu tt, Thanh cao hoa vng, vv.


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2/ Trng v pht trincy thuc c ngun gc Nhp ni:

C khong 300 loi thuc hn 40 h thc vt c nhp vo

Vit Nam t nhiu vng khc nhau trn th gii. Trong s c khong 70 loi c th sinh trng v pht trin to ra gi

tr v trn 20 loi tr thnh cy thuc Vit Nam nh c ti s,ng qui, Sinha, Bch ch, Bch trut, Vn mc hng, Bc h, vv.

Nhiu loi cy thuc c pht trin thnh hng ho v cungcp nguyn liu cho cng nghip dc nh c tis, Bp dm.

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3/Qui hoch vng:

Mt s nh khoa hc a 6 vng qui hoch pht trin: (i) Vng ni cao pha Bc,

(ii) Trung du pha Bc,

(iii) ng bng chu th sng Hng,

(iv) Ven bin min Trung, (v) Ty Nguyn,

(vi) ng bng sng Cu Long.

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Hin i ho thuc Y hc ctruyn

S cn thit phi hin i ho Y hc c truyn: Ty Y: Pht trin nhanh do bit ng dng tin b

KHKT

ng Y: Bo th, chm pht trin gi nguyn nhcch yhng nghn nm.

Kh s dng, cht lng khngn nh, kh kim tra chtlng, tiu chun ho,

Kt qu: S xm lc ca Ty Y Vy: Hin i ho hay cht?
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Hin i ho thucY hc ctruyn

Cc hot ng cbn:Thit lp cc h thng nghin cu chun ho,

Pht trin sn xut cc thuc y hc c truyn;Nghin cu v pht trin cc thuc y hc c

truyn t tiu chun quc t.

theo phng php khoa hc v k thut hin iv trn csgi c nn tng v c th cathuc y hc c truyn.

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Cc h thng chun ho trong hini ha thuc Y hc c truyn: GAP (Thc hnh Trng trt Tt);

GLP (Thc hnh Phng th nghim Tt); GMP (Thc hnh Sn xut Tt); GCP (Thc hnh Lm sng Tt); v

GSP (Thc hnh Dch v Tt). GDP (Phn phi thuc tt)

Hin i ho thuc Y hc c truyn
http://trong%20cay%20thuoc.ppt/http://trong%20cay%20thuoc.ppt/

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GAP Thc hnh Trng trt Tt

Ti sao cn GAP?: Tiu chun ha dc liu cho sn xut thuc v sdng

Hai bphn cu thnh ca GAP:

Phn mm: L b tiu chun v quy trnh trng trt. Phn cng: bo m iu kin thc hin phn mm,

bao gm: Csvt cht: Nh lm vic, kho cha, cng c sn xut, mt

bng lm ni sch, thc nghim v cc thit b o c v kim tracht lng.

Con ngi: C kin thc v k nng thc hin ng cc yu cu kthut ca GAP.
http://gap-finger.ppt/http://gap-finger.ppt/

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NI DUNG C BN CA GAP

iu kin mi trng tnhin =vng trng: Kh hu, nh sng, a hinh, cht t v nc, m, vv.

Ging cy thuc: ng chng loi, ngun gc, loi ging tt nht.

Trng trt v chm sc: ng thi v, qui trinh: Ging (gieo ht, gim hom, vv.),

chun b t, phn bn v cch bn phn, ti tiu nc,chm sc v qun l ng rung, phng trsu bnh, vv.
http://trong%20thao%20qua.ppt/http://trong%20thao%20qua.ppt/http://trong%20thao%20qua.ppt/http://thao%20qua.ppt/http://thao%20qua.ppt/http://trong%20thao%20qua.ppt/http://trong%20thao%20qua.ppt/http://trong%20thao%20qua.ppt/

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Thu hi v sch: Thu hi vo giai on cy c hm lng hot cht cao nht;

cch lm kh bo m cht lng dc liu.

Bao gi, vn chuyn v bo qun: Kho cha dc liu ni chung phi thong, mt, chng

mc, mt v khng lm thay i mu sc, mi v ca dcliu.

H sca dc liu: Cho bit r tn dc liu, hm lng hot cht, m, tp

cht v cc tiu chun lin quan nhhnh dng, mu sc,mi v.

NI DUNG C BN CA GAP
http://gap-finger.ppt/http://gap-finger.ppt/

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Ba yu t quyt nh:Qun l nh nc:

nh hng s pht trin phm vi vmTo iu kin huyng cc ngun lc

vo s pht trin ny.Chnh ph phi nghin cu v ban hnh chin

lc v chnh sch ph hp, v ch o qutrnh thc hin chnh sch .


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Ti chnh v u t:Cn c u t ln thay i cng ngh,dy truyn sn xut, vv.Cn a dng ho cc ngun vn, bao gm

vn ca chnh ph, ngn hng v cachnh cc cng ty dc.

Khoa hc v cng ngh:

Cn i mi v cch thc, phng php,phng tin, vv. p dng tin b ca nhiulnh vc khc nhau, nh ho thc vt,nng hc, lm hc, cng ngh sinh hc,dc l hc, bo ch hc, vv.

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Ba xu hng hin i ho Y hc c truyn: Da trn nn tng Y hc ctruyn:

Phi theo ngtri thc, cng ngh/k thut truyn thng, khngc lm thayi bn cht ca chng.

Theo conng y hc hini phng ty: Chit, tch, tinh ch cc cht t nhin; nghin cu tc dng dc

l, c tnh, thayi cu trc (nu cn); vv. sau s dng hotcht di dngn cht sn xut thuc.

Theo con

ng hi

n

i ho ni chung: C th gi nguyn hay thayi mt s yu t ca tri thc v kinhnghim truyn thng, nhng phi t c mc tiu hin i hochung l an ton, hiu qu, v tin dng.


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Quyn shu tr tuv schia s cng bngli ch trong pht trin TNCT

Khi nim: Vt liu gen c ci

tin: c cp bng

sng ch Vt liu gen khngc

ci tin: L ca chung Bng sng ch: c

trao nu s khm phi hi u t nhn lcngk v s kho lo.

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Vn : Ngun gen khng c

ci tin thc cht l sn

phm ca lao ng mitmi v kho lo cangi nng dn vi h chn v nhn cc gingcy trng theo iu kin

v th hiu a phng.

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Vn : Rt nhiu dc phm

c pht trin t cc

cht thin nhin thccht c cc thylang c truyn khm phtrc

Ti sao cc ng gp tr tu ny li khng nhn cquyn s hu tr tu nh ng gp ca cc nh

nhn ging v cc cng ty dc ?


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Hoc ngc li: Nu nh s ng gp

ca nng dn v ccthy lang l ti sn cachung thi ti sao cc nhnhn ging thng mi

v cc cng ty dc likhng lm nh vy ?


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Ti sao c vic ny?

Cha c khung php l: Phn ln cc quc gia, trong c VitNam, cha xy dngc khung php l.

Vi li nhun: Ngi khai thc ti nguyn thu li khngthy trch nhim phi chia s li ch thu c vi bn cung cpti nguyn.

Nhn thc sai lch v khngy: Nhiu nh qun l, nh khoa hc, nh doanh nghip (c bit Vit

Nam) vn cho rng tri thc s dng cy c lm thuc l ti sn ca ton

dn, do ai cngc th khai thc. Pha cngng cha nhn thc c quyn li no cn c bo v v

li ch no cn c chia s, da trn mt tha thun c tnh php lm i v khiu kin nu cn.

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Quyn shu tr tuv schia s

cng bng li ch trong pht trinTNCT

Phi lm ?
http://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Thuoc%20tam%201.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Thuoc%20tam%201.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Thuoc%20tam%201.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Thuoc%20tam%201.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Thuoc%20tam%201.mpghttp://c/WINDOWS/system32/Clips/Thuoc%20tam%201.mpg

9. tnct

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