97089743-bao-cao-vẾ-mẠch-nguỒn-tuyẾn-tinh_2

7/30/2019 97089743-BAO-CAO-V-MCH-NGUN-TUYN-TINH_2

1/22

BO CO VMCH NGUN TUYN TNH

DANH SCH NHM

H v tn MSSV

L Minh Qun 10254121

m Vn Qy 10249031

Phm Ph Quc 10338681

Ngun tuyn tnh:- Ngun ACDC:

Mch ngun dng icn p LM723CN iu chnh in p ra t 0 `~ 15V


2/22

Nguyn l lm vic ca mch nh sau:

T1 l bin p ngun c tc dng cch ly v gim p AC, gim 220V xung mc 18V.

Dng cu nn dng 4 diode D1...D4 (1N4007 x4) i dng in xoay chiu ra dng

dng xung 1 chiu. Diode D5 (1N4007), to tc dng ngt dng np khi p trn t lcC1 cn mc cao, t ha C1 (1000uF) l kho cha in chnh dng n nh iu

kin cp in cho ti v nng co mc p DC.

Mch cp ngun DC dng IC n p LM723. Chn 7 cho ni masse, chn 12 ni vo

ng ngun B+ (+22V). Ng ra ly trn chn 11 dng cp dng cho transistor cng

sut pnp Q1 (MJ2955). in tr R2 (330) c tc dng hn dng v in tr R1 (1K) c

tc dng b nhit. Vi cch mc ca Q1, in p ra cho ly trn chn C ca transistorcng sut, kiu mch ngun ny cho mc p iu chnh c th khi u t mc p 0V.

in ra ly trn chn C ca Q1, y dng D6 (1N4007) trnh dng sai cc cho x

ngc. Dng in tr R3 (510) lm ti ph nh p ng ra. T C2 (470uF) v C3

(220uF) c tc dng n p.

Tn hiu cho hi tip v chn 4 ca mch khuch i so p ly trn cu o mc trn ti

vi R4 (1K) v R5 (10K). Chn 6 l ng ra ca mch p chun v chn 5 l mt ng

vo ca tng so p. y t chit p RV1 dng lm nt chnh chn la mc p cho

ng ra.

Cc linh kin trn board mch:

2 transistor (pnp v npn) ghp ng hiu nh mt SCR, n c tc dng ngt ngun

khi ti b chm hay b qu dng. Trong mch ny, ngi ta dng mt Relay ngtngun v sau mt lc s tng cho mngun trli (tng mngun)

IC n p LM723, bn cnh l cc in trnh c cng sut chu nng ln, dng cp

cho ti s cho chy qua in trny, mc p trn in trny, khi vt qu 0.6V s


3/22

lm nhy mch bo v. a scc h hng ca loi ngun ny l con IC LM723

ny.

Diode chu dng ln mc cch ly t ha ln C1 (1000uF) v cu nn dng, tc dng

ca diode l khi mc p trn t ha cn cao th n s ct np khi mc p dng xung

mc thp hn, iu ny lm tng hiu sut ca ngun.

Bin p to tc dng cch ly ng dy AC v board mch v dng lm gim

mc p t 220V xung 18V. Khi b chm hay qu ti, lp khung nha trn qun

cc cun dy th cp v s cp s b bin dng, mo m. Bn o kim tra v thay h

bin p mi l c.

Ta dng mt my o dng (A) cho mc ni tip ch th mc dng chy qua ti.

Mc dng ti a l 1A, nu dng ln hn 1A, n s to mc p ln khong 0.6V

trn in trR12 (0.47), mch tt ngun ng ra s nhy.

Ta c th cho dng ngt ngun bng cch thay i tr s ca in trR12.Ta dng

mt my o p (V) cho mc song song vi ngra ch th mc p trn ti. Mc p

ti a l 15V . Nu mun c mc p cao hn, ta c th thay bin p ngun, vi mc

p AC trn cun th cp ly cao hn.

T ha ln (1000uF), t ny l kho cha in chnh ca ton mch, Bn c th thay

th t lc c in dung ln hn c tnh n p tt hn.

Cu nn dng vi 4 diode, chdng diode 1N4007 l .Mch dng mt Relay vi

tip im l kim ca n lm kha in tt mng ngun DC ng ra. Kiu t

ng cho mli dng sau mt thi gian tt ngun ny nhiu khi li bt cp hi. Nukhng mun dng tnh nng tng cho mngun, ta lm hcun dy kch ca

Relay.

Cc mch khc:


4/22

Mch n p tuyn tnh 5v

Nu mun chuyn ngun 220VAC thnh ngun 5v (12v) th phi dng bin th t

220VAC thnh cc ngun 5;12;24 VAC ri sau dng cu diode v t chnh lu

v lc ngun to ngun DC, sau dng Diode Zener hoc IC n p n p to in

p 5V (dng IC LM7805) hoc 12v (IC 7912). Mch ny c cng sut ln hn (khong

1A). Trong qu trnh s dng th cc IC n p rt nng, bn nn gn thm cc ming

tn nhit vo cc IC ny

Mch n p tuyn tnh dng IC 7812 v 7912


5/22

u im ln nht ca b ngun n nh tuyn tnh l sn gin trong s , nhng

nhc im c bn li tng i nhiu, c th k ra l:

S dng bin p ngun vi tn s thp (50 60Hz) nn kch thc v trnglng ln

Tiu th cng sut ln trn phn tiu khin. Dng ph ti cng ln, di nnh in p cng rng th tiu th cng sut cng ln. V vy, b ngun tuyn tnh ch

lm vic vi dng u ra nhhn 5A.

Hiu sut ca mch thp (thng t 30% - 60%) Kch thc ca phn tiu khin ln v phi to nhit, mt cng sut ti ra

ch t 0.20.3W/in3, ngha l tng i nh so vi h thng lm bng IC.

Mch n p tuyn tnh dung IC 7824, 7812 v 7805


6/22

- Ngun DCAC:

Mch ngun (DC) 12V ra (AC) 110V

Trong mch dng 2 tng o trong IC 4069 to ra tn hiu c dng xung vung, tn

hiu ny qua s khuch i ca mt tng o, cho kch vo chn B ca transistor TR1

v li qua mt tng o khc (cng ly trong IC 4069) cho kch vo chn B ca TR2,

nh vy s to ra c hai tn hiu c tnh o pha cho tc ng vo tng cu ko y.


7/22

Ngha l khi TR1 dn in th TR2 s phi ngng dn v ngc li. Tn hiu ly ra trn

chn C ca hai transistor TR1 v TR2 cho tc ng vo cu ko y vi 4 transistor

ngm nhanh dng MOSFET, mt bn l transistor MOSFET h b TR3, TR4 v

mt bn khc l vi TR5, TR6. Dng in ko y s lun cho i chiu qua cun s

cp trong bin p T1, cun s cp qun t vng vi dy ng to, lm vic vi cng

dng in ln, y l mt bin p xung cng sut ln, tn thp, trn cun th qun

nhiu vng hn cun s nn cho ra mc p AC cao, y ngi ta tnh s vng qun

ly ra mc p AC 100V v 110V (D nhin nu mun ly ra mc p 220V, taphi

tng s vng qun cun thln gp i).

Tng cng sut lm vic vi mc ngun ly trn mt c-qui 12V DC, y dng F1lm cu ch bo v, phng khi trong mch c linh kin b chm lm ngn mch, cu ch

s t trnh lm h ngun DC. T C4 c tc dng lc v ngi ta dng IC n p h

78xx (7805) c mc ngun 5V DC c n nh tt cp cho tng dao ng vi

IC 4069, iu ny s gi cho bin tn hiu v tn s c n nh. Dng 2 t nh C2

v C3 cho cng dng lc b cc tn hiu nhiu tn s cao v gi cho IC 7805 khng b

hin tng dao dng t kch.

Trong mch tn s tn hiu ca tng dao ng ph thuc vo tr s ca R2, bin tr

VR1 v t C1, y VR1 c tc dng chnh tn. in tr R1 dng sa dng xung,

tng hiu sut kch thch cho tng ko y.

Cc khi trong mch:

Mch dao dng to xung


8/22

Mch dng 2 tng o trong IC 4069 rp thnh mch khuch i o pha, tn hiu ly

trn ng ra cho qua t C1 (10uF) v R1 to hi tip thun v ng vo, v dng in tr

nh thi vi R2 (2.2K), bin tr chnh tn VR1 (2K) xc nh tn s dao ng.

Trong mch ny, mch nh tn gm c t C1 v tr R2+VR1, in tr R1 c tc dng

sa dng xung ra lm tng hiu qu kch thch tng ko y.

Tn s ca mch dao ng, tnh theo h thc: f = 1/(2.2)xC1X(R2+VR1).

Nh vy, khi:

* Chnh VR1 = 0, chng ta tnh ra tn s dao ng l: f = 93.9Hz* Chnh VR1 = 2K, chng ta tnh ra tn s dao ng l: f = 49.2Hz

Ta c th dng my o tn, o tn s tn hiu ng ra v chnh nh bin tr VR1 c

tn s in nh n l 50Hz (hay 60Hz) cho ph hp vi cc thit b cng nghip.

Tng cng sut ko y


9/22

Tng thc dng transistor loi bipolar quen thuc: 2SC1815. Tn hiu cho vo chn B

v ly ra trn chn C, nn n c tc dng lm tng bin v ng thi cho vung ha

tn hiu, mch khuch i vo B ra C c tnh o pha.

Tng cng sut rp theo dng cu ko y cn bng vi 4 transistor ng m nhanh

MOSFET loi cng sut ln. Khi tn hiu vo trn chn cng (Gate) ca TR3, TR4

mc p thp (Low) th TR3 dn in v TR4 tt, khi tn hiu vo trn chn cng (Gate)

TR5, TR6 mc p cao (high), th TR6 s dn in v TR5 tt. Ngc li, tn hiu o

pha cho vo cc cng lm cho TR4 v TR5 dn in th lc ny TR3, TR6 tt. iuny s lun to radng in o chiu chy qua cun s cp ca bin p xung, ng ra

trn cun dy th cp s c in p volt cao xut hin. Mc p ra ty thuc vo s

vng qun ca cun th cp. Cng sut ra ty thuc vo kch thc ca bin p. Vi

tng ko y cn bng, bin tn hiu ngra s c tnh i xng cn bng tt.

Mch ngun nui 5V dng IC n p loi 3 chn, h 78xx. y dng IC 7805 nn

mc p cho ra trn chn OUT l 5V c n nh rt tt. Khi dng loi IC n p ny,

bn ti, tc bn ng ra Bn phi nh dng t in dp hin tng dao ng t kch

trong IC. Hin tng t kch, do ti thiu t, s lm cho mc p ng ra dao ng tn

thp, lc ln cao lc xung thp.


10/22

Ch : Chn gia ca loi IC h 78xx lun lun cho ni masse, chn bn tri l chn

IN (ni vo ng ngun DC c volt cao hn 5V) v chn bn phi l chn OUT (lun

cho ra 5V c n nh tt). Nu v mc sai hai chn ny c th lm cho IC qu

nng v lm "cht" IC.

Cng dng ca IC 7805 l gi cho in p ngun cp cho IC 4069 lun c n nh,

n khng b thay i theo mc p 12V nhp nh theo iu kin thai i ca ti, iu

ny gi c bin v tn s ca tn hiu kch thch c n nh.

Cc linh kin trong mch:

IC CMOS h 40xx, 4069

Trong IC CMOS h 4069 (hay 4049, 4050), c 6 tng khuch i o, Bn xem hnh.

Trong IC ny Bn c th dng 2 tng khuch i o rp thnh mch dao ng, tn

s xung xc nh theo mch nh thi RC t trn ng hi tip thun. Vi hnh mnh

ha trn, Bn c th dng 1 IC4069 rp thnh 3 tng dao ng c tn s khc nhau

v qua tng thc dng mt transistor cp dng cho bng n t trn chn C. Lc ny

bn s thy bng n c nhng iu chp a dng. 3 diode trong mch dng lm mch

OR, ly xung bin cao kch dn transistor.


11/22

Ghi ch: Trong mch, nu Bn phi dng loi t ha trn ng hi tip, Bn phi ch

n cc tnh ca t v nn dng loi t tantalium c cht lng cao n nh tn s

dao ng.

Transistor 2SC1815

2SC1815 l transistor bipolar, tc l loi transistor c 2 mi ni PN (NP-PN), y l

loi transistor cng sut nh NPN rt thng dng. c tnh k thut ca n l:

* in p nh thng trn chn CB, vi chn E b trng l: VCB0 = 60V.

* in p nh thng trn chn CE, vi chn B b trng l: VCE0 = 50V.

* Dng in chy ra trn chn C l: Ic = 150mA.

* Chu cng sut t nng trn chn C l: Pc = 400mW.

* H s khuch i dng hFE trong khong: 70 n 700, bnh thng l: 220.

* Tn s lm vic l: fT = 80MHz.

* T lin cc ng ra l: Cob = 3.5pF

Chng ta bit 2SC1815 l transistor NPN, transistor PNP h b ca n l 2SA1015,

ngha l 2 transistor ny c cc c tnh k thut u ging nhau, chng ch khc l

c cu trc NPN v PNP.


12/22

Trong hnh minh ha trn, cho thy cch dng mt transistor 2SC1815 vi mch cho

chm ni loa vo my tng m. Mch R v C trn chn B dng lm mch m in tr.

Nguyn l ca mch tr nh sau:

Khi mch va c cp ngun, t C1 (1000uF) khi u np in t mc p 0V, lc

ny transistor 2SC1815 khng dn in, dng np ca t C1 (1000uF) qua R1 (10K) v

diode zener 10.1V, khi in p trn t C1 ln n khong 1.2V th transistor dn in,

n cp dng cho relay 12V ng cc tip im l kim cho ni loa vo mch. Trong

mch ngi ta dng 3 diode:

* Diode ngang R1 dng to ng x in nhanh cho t C1 khi tt my.* Diode trn chn B ca transistor dng nng cao mc ngng kch dn transistor

ln mc 1.2V.

* Diode mc ngang relay dng dp mc p nghch, phn hi do cun dy ca relay.

Transistor cng sut MOSFET 2SK2956

2SK2956 l transistor MOSFET knh N, trong trnaistor c diode trn chn DS

trnh in p nghch phn hi trn chn D. Trn chn GS c diode zener dng ct bin

cc tn hiu c bin qu cao. Bn trn l bng ghi c tnh k thut ca loi

transistor ny. 2SJ471 l transistor knh P, h b ca 2SK2956.


13/22

Cc mch khc:


14/22

Mch dung cng NAND IC SN7400

Mch dung ICLC3524

Mch bo v qu dng:


15/22

Chng ta thy dng in cp cho ti, chy qua in tr R12 (0.47, nh Ohm nhng c

cng sut chu nng ln), trn in tr R12 xut hin in p, mc p ny qua mch

lc vi R11 (330) v t lc C7 (10uF) tc ng vo chn B ca Q3, C6 (104) l t lc

nhiu.

* Bnh thng, dng ra mc bnh thng (khng qu 1A), mc p trn R12 khng

qu 0.6V, lc ny Q3 khng dn in v Q2 cng ngng dn v mch ngun hot ng

bnh thng.

* Khi mch ti b qu dng, dng ti cao hn 1A, lc ny mc p trn R12 ln cao hn

0.6V s lm cho Q3 dn in, n s ko mc p trn chn 13 xung mc gn 0V v

nh vy ng ra s b mt p.

Transistor pnp Q2 c tc dng t gi, y Bn c th xem Q2 (pnp) v Q3 (npn) rp

ng hiu nh SCR, n l mt kha in c tc dng t gi, ngha l khi dn in

th s tip tc dn. D7 v C5 (100uF) ctc dng cch ly. Led D9 dng ch th tt m

ngun, Led D8 dng bo mch b tt do chm ti. Do mch dng 2 Led mu i (Led

xanh v ), nn bnh thng do 2 Led u sng nn c mu vng, khi ngun b chm

s t mu Vng i ra mu Xanh (do ch c Led xanh sng, Led b lm tt). R8(1K), R9 (10K), R10 (2.2K) l cc in tr hn dng cho cc Led ch th.

Cc mch khc:

Mch bo v qu dng 3 pha


16/22

Mch bo v qu dng 1 pha

F1 : Cu ch bo v qu dng

TH1 : Cu ch bo v qu p
http://data.webdien.com/photo/up/e86d37388448715f98df948b25f33ba0.jpghttp://data.webdien.com/photo/up/e86d37388448715f98df948b25f33ba0.jpg


17/22

Theo s bn cung cp, th:

F1 l Cu ch bo v qu dng. Khi c hin tng chm chp hoc qu ti trong mch,

dng in qua F1 tng, dy ch ca n s chy, ngt ngun cung cp bo v cc linh

kin ca mch khng b h hng thm.

TH1 l Cu ch bo v qu p.N c cu to l 1cp tip gip bn dn.in p ti a

trn n khong 230V-270V (ty loi). Khi in p vo vt ln cao qu, vt qu gii

hn in p ti a cho php (V d: hin tng st lan truyn chng hn), dn n in

p t trn TH1 tng cao, tip gip ny s t ngt in p cp n mch.

Mch bo v qu p:

Mch hi tip n nh p ra

in p chun 5V c ly ra t chn (14) ca IC dao ng, in p ny c u quacu phn p ly ra mt in p chun c p nhhn ri a vo chn s2 gim

cho in p chn ny c cnh.

Cc in p th cp 12V v 5V cho i qua cc in tr24K v 4,7K ri a vo chn


18/22

s (1) ca IC, tchn (1) c cc in trphn p xung mass gi cho chn ny c

in p cao hn so vi chn (2) khong 0,1V

Nguyn l hot ng.Nu nh in p ra khng thay i th in p chnh lch gia chn (1) vi cn (2)

cng khng thay i, t IC cho hai tn hiu dao ng ra chn (8) v chn (11) c

bin cng khng i => v kt qu l in p ra khng thay i.

Nu v mt l do no m in p ra tng ln (v d khi in p vo tng ln hoc

dng tiu th gim i), khi cc in p 12V v 5V tng => lm cho in p chn (1)

tng, chnh lch gia chn (1) v (2) tng ln => IC s iu chnh cho bin dao

ng ra chn (8) v chn (11) gim xung => cc transistor cng sut hot ng yu

i => lm cho in p ra gim xung (v gi tr ban u).

Nu in p ra gim xung (v d khi in p vo gim xung hoc dng tiu th tng

ln), khi cc in p 12V v 5V gim => lm cho in p chn (1) gim, chnh lch

gia chn (1) v (2) gim xung => IC s iu chnh cho bin dao ng ra chn

(8) v chn (11) tng ln => cc transistor cng sut hot ng mnh hn => lm cho

in p ra tngln (v gi tr ban u)

* Nh vy nh c mch hi tip trn m gi cho in p u ra lun lun c n nh

khi in p u vo thay i hoc khi dng tiu th thay i


19/22


20/22

Mch n p c nh1Mch n p c nh dng Diode Zener.

.

Mch n p to p 33V c nh cung cp cho mch d knh trong Ti vi mu

T ngun 110V khng c nh thng qua in tr hn dng R1 v gim trn Dz33V ly ra mt in p c nh cung cp cho mch d knh

Khi thit k mt mch n p nh trn ta cn tnh ton in tr hn dng sao chodng in ngc cc i qua Dz phi nh hn dng m Dz chu c, dng cci qua Dz l khi dng qua R2 = 0

Nh s trn th dng cc i qua Dz bng st p trn R1 chia cho gi tr R1 ,gi dng in ny l I1 ta c

I1 = (11033 ) / 7500 = 77 / 7500 ~ 10mAThng thng ta nn dng ngc qua Dz 25 mA

2Mch n p c nh dng Transistor, IC n p .Mch n p dng Diode Zener nh trn c u im l n gin nhng nhcim l cho dng in nh ( 20mA). c th to ra mt in p c nh nhng cho dng in mnh hn nhiu lnngi ta mc thm Transistor khuych i v dng nh s di y.

Mch n p c Transistor khuych i


21/22

mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhngin p ti im B khng thay i v tng i phng.

Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B caTransistor Q1, gi s khi in p chn

E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBEtng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lmin p chn E ca n tng , v ngc li Mch n p trn n gin v hiu qu nn c s dng rt rng di v ngi ta

sn xut cc loi IC h LA78.. thay th cho mch n p trn, IC LA78.. cs mch nh phn mch c mu xanh ca s trn.

IC n p h LA78.. IC n p LA7805 LA7805 IC n p 5V LA7808 IC n p 8V LA7809 IC n p 9V LA7812 IC n p 12V

Lu :H IC78.. chcho dng tiu th khong 1A tr xung, khi rp IC trong mch thU in > Uout t 3 n 5V khi IC mi pht huy tc dng.3ng dng ca IC n p h 78..IC n p h 78.. c dng rng ri trong cc b ngun , nh B ngun ca uVCD, trong Ti vi mu,trong my tnh


22/22

ng dng ca IC n p LA7805 v LA7808 trong b ngun u VCD

97089743-bao-cao-vẾ-mẠch-nguỒn-tuyẾn-tinh_2

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