อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · mood stabilizer lithium - “minor s/e 70% ;...

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อ. นพ. พงศธร พหลภาคย์ ภาควิชาจิตเวชศาสตร์ คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น การประชุมเชิงปฏิบัติการเภสัชกรรมคลินิกครั้งที่ 3/2555 วันที่ 10 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2555 เวลา 13.00 -14.00 น. ณ โรงแรม พูลแมน ขอนแก่นราชาออคิด จังหวัดขอนแก่น

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Page 1: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

อ. นพ. พงศธร พหลภาคย ์ภาควิชาจิตเวชศาสตร ์

คณะแพทยศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น

การประชุมเชิงปฏิบัติการเภสัชกรรมคลินิกครั้งที่ 3/2555 วันที่ 10 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2555 เวลา 13.00 -14.00 น.

ณ โรงแรม พูลแมน ขอนแก่นราชาออคิด จังหวัดขอนแก่น

Page 2: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

ลักษณะอาการของภาวะอารมณ์ 2 ขั้ว

ทฤษฎีที่เกี่ยวข้องกับพยาธิสภาพของภาวะอารมณ์ 2 ขั้ว

ลักษณะของการด าเนินโรคของภาวะอารมณ์ 2 ขั้ว

หลักการรักษา และการด าเนินโรคของภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว

กลุ่มยาที่ใช้ในการรักษาฉับพลันของภาวะอารมณ์ 2 ขั้วชนิด Mania

รายละเอียดของยาท่ีใช้ในการรักษาฉับพลันภาวะอารมณ์ 2 ขั้วชนิด Mania

dose range & therapeutic level standard treatment regimen

adverse effect & drug interaction

Page 3: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood disorders

โรคทางอารมณ์ : อาการทางอารมณ์เด่น ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรม และ ส่งผลกระทบต่อชีวิตของผู้ป่วยและญาติ อย่างชัดเจน

Bipolar disorders หนึ่งในโรคทางอารมณ์ที่อาการเปน็ episodic เปลี่ยนแปลงระหว่าง

major depressive episode และ manic episode ประกอบไป ด้วย 2 กลุ่มที่ส าคัญ

- Bipolar I disorder - Bipolar II disorder

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Department of Psychiatry

Major depressive episode - “Pervasive depress mood most entire and every day”

- “Loss of interest and pleasurable activity”

- Weight or appetite change

- Insomnia or hypersomnia

- Psychomotor agitation or retard

- Fatigue

- Decrease concentration

- Guilt or worthlessness

- Recurrent thought of death

*** All symptoms occur together in 2 weeks or more ***

Page 5: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Major depressive disorder

Elev

ate

Dep

ress

-10

+10

9-12 months

> 2 weeks = Major Depressive episode

= Psychosis

หแูว่ว ภาพหลอน

Page 6: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Manic episode - “Period of abnormally elevated, expansive, irritable mood”

- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

- decreased need for sleep

- talkative / pressure of speech

- flight of idea / thought racing

- distractibility

- increase goal directed activity/ psychomotor agitation

- excessive pleasurable activities with painful consequences

*** All symptoms occur together in 1 week or more ***

Page 7: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Bipolar I disorder

Elev

ate

Dep

ress

-10

+10

> 1 week = Manic episode

3 – 6 months

Page 8: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Bipolar I disorder

Elev

ate

Dep

ress

-10

+10

Page 9: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Bipolar II disorder

Elev

ate

Dep

ress

-10

+10

No Manic episode

Page 10: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

ทฤษฎีที่เกี่ยวข้องกับพยาธิสภาพของภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว

Monoamine theory - Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine Other neurotransmitters theory

2nd messenger and intracellular cascade theory Hormone theory Sleep neurophysiology theory Structural and Functional brain theory

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 1. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

Page 11: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

ลักษณะของการด าเนินโรคของภาวะอารมณ์ 2 ขั้ว

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 1. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

N = 258 OPD F/U 1 Yr. “Chronic” “Episodic”

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Department of Psychiatry

ลักษณะรักษาและการด าเนินโรคของภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว (Manic)

Natural course

+10

Recurrent

2 เดือน

Normal

Disorder

Syndrome

Acute treatment

Remission Full / Partial

Recovery

2 เดือน

Relapse

Acute treatment

Page 13: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

ลักษณะรักษาและการด าเนินโรคของภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว (Manic)

Natural course

+10

Recurrent

Normal

Disorder

Syndrome

Acute treatment

Full Remission

Maintenance treatment

Page 14: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

หลักการใช้ยาใน acute manic episode“Less is more”

- Monotherapy ใน episode แรกๆ - หา Most efficient medication ใน episode หลังๆ

Rapid neuroleptization - หวังผล Sedative ของยา

ระวังประชากรกลุ่มเปราะบาง (Vulnerable) - เด็ก และวัยรุ่น - ผู้สูงอายุ

ระวัง Side effect และ Toxicity ของยา

Page 15: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

กลุ่มยาที่ใช้รักษาภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว แบบ acuteManic episode

- กลุ่ม mood stabilizer : Antiepileptic drugs, Lithium - กลุ่ม Antipsychotics : Atypical vs. Typical - กลุ่ม Benzodiazepine - กลุ่มอื่นๆ Major depressive episode - รักษายาก มักไม่มาเพื่อหา acute treatment

Page 16: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

ทฤษฎีที่เกี่ยวข้องกับพยาธิสภาพของภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว

Monoamine theory - Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine Antipsychotic, Atypical antipsychotic

Other neurotransmitters theory 2nd messenger and intracellular cascade theory

Mood stabilizer : Lithium, Valproate, CBZ, other

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 1. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

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Department of Psychiatry

Typical antipsychotics Trifluoperazine (Stelazine®) +++ Haloperidol (Haldol®) +++ Molindone (Moban®) ++

Benzodiazepine Clonazepam (Klonopin®) ++ Lorazepam (Ativan®) ++

Atypical antipsychotics Clozapine (Clozaril®) +++ Risperidone (Risperdal®) +++ Olanzapine (Zyprexa®) +++ Quetiapine (Seroquel®) +++ Ziprasidone (Geodon®) +++ Aripiprazole (Abilify®) +++

Possible mood stabilizers Lithium (Eskalith®) +++ Carbamazepine (Tegretol®) +++ Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal®) ++ Valproate +++ Lamotrigine (Lamictal®) + Gabapentin (Neurontin®) 0 Pregabalin (Lyrica®) 0 Tiagabine (Gabitril®) 0 Topiramate (Topamax®) 0

Ca channel blocker Nimodipine (Nimotop®) ++ Verapamil (Calan®) ++ Isradipine (DynaCirc®) + Amlodipine (Norvasc®) ±

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 1. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

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Department of Psychiatry

Full Remission

Partial Remission

Common regimensMonotherapy

ในขณะช่วง rapid neuroleptization จึงมักเป็น “Polypharmacy” BZDs = Benzodiazepine, APs = Antipsychotic

Maintenance treatment

Page 19: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Full Remission

Partial Remission

Common regimensMonotherapy

ในขณะช่วง rapid neuroleptization จึงมักเป็น “Polypharmacy” BZDs = Benzodiazepine, MS = Mood stabilizer

Maintenance treatment

Page 20: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

ท าไมใช้แค่ Mood stabilizer และ Antipsychotics เป็นหลักNimodipine 360-450 mg/day Verapamil 240-480 mg/day

- บริษัทยาไม่สนใจ เพราะก าไรน่าจะหดถ้าลงทุน - compliance ; tid – qid

Benzodiazepine - Very sedate - Tolerance, Dependence - Abuse

Page 21: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Sodium valproate (Depakene®)

Common Psychiatric practice - Usually combine with other drugs - Not routinely monitor blood level (clinical response) - Rapid loading = 50 mg/kg/1st day - May use at higher level 100-125 μg/mL *** ask for N/V, ataxia, dysarthria ***

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Sodium valproate (Depakene®)

Common A/E - Weight gain Metabolic syndrome Mx : Topiramate, Advice exercise/diet - Sedation + Cognitive disturbance Mx : give at h.s. - GI upset giddiness, irritate

Mx : Enteric coat - Tremor Mx : ER form, ± Propanolol

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

Page 23: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Sodium valproate (Depakene®)

Uncommon A/E - Elevate Liver enzymes < 3 times Mx : F/U 3 months - Allopecia , curly hair Mx : ± Zince/Silenium - PCO syndrome Mx : Oral contraceptive

Rare A/E - Hepatitis - Hypothermia - Pancreatitis - Encephalopathy - Thrombocytopenia Mx : Discontinue and go to hospital !!!

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 2. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Sodium valproate (Depakene®)

Pregnancy Cat D - 1-4% Neural tube defect, spina bifida - Any defect : Valproate (20%) > Phenytoin > CBZ (8%) - Developmental delay without gross anomaly

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 2. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

Page 25: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Sodium valproate (Depakene®)

OD vs. BID

Reed RC, Dutta S. Ther Drug Monit. 2006 Jun;28(3):413-8 Reed RC, Dutta S, et al Epilepsy Behav. 2006 Mar;8(2):391-6.

Page 26: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Sodium valproate (Depakene®)

Common Co-prescribe Drugs - TCAs - BZDs - - Lamotrigine - Fluoxetine

- Phenothiazine : Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine Perphenazine, Fluphenazine *** always remind/warn physician ***

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

Page 27: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Carbamazepine (Tegretal®)

Oxcarbamazepine (Trileptal®) Dose - CBZ : therapeutic dose 800 – 1600 mg start 400 mg/day , Increase 200 mg q 1-4 day - OXC : therapeutic dose 1200 -2400 mg start 600 mg/day , Increase 600 mg q 1 week Management - CBZ : BID of XR form = TID, QID of IR form

- OXC : BID only, no XR form Terence A. Ketter, Po W. Wang. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, 4th Edition .

Chapter 37. Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine. DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.419522

Page 28: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Carbamazepine (Tegretal®)

Oxcarbamazepine (Trileptal®) Therapeutic level - symptoms control less associate with serum level - CBZ : 4 – 12 μg/mL

- OXC : 15 – 35 μg/mL Advantage over valproate and Lithium

- Less weight gain - Less cognitive disturbances - Less elevate liver enzyme

Terence A. Ketter, Po W. Wang. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, 4th Edition . Chapter 37. Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine. DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.419522

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Carbamazepine (Tegretal®)

Oxcarbamazepine (Trileptal®) Toxicity - sedation, ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia Serious adverse effects - Agranulocytosis - Aplastic anemia - Steven – Johnson ; HLA *1502 ; asian ethnic

Terence A. Ketter, Po W. Wang. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, 4th Edition . Chapter 37. Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine. DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9781585623860.419522

Contraindicate with Clozapine

Page 30: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerAntiepileptic : Carbamazepine (Tegretal®)

Oxcarbamazepine (Trileptal®) Pregnancy Cat. D - 3% risk of spina bifida - Low birth weight - craniofacial deformities - digital hypoplasia Breast milk

- may not present but most “avoid”

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

Page 31: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerLithium

Common Psychiatric practice - Usually combine with other - Monitor blood level closely - Monitor BUN/Cr/TFT q 1 year - Acute : 0.6 – 1.5 mEq/L - Maintainance : < 1.2 mEq/L - OD may effective as BID-TID (Ljubicic et al, 2008) and may prevent polyuria & polydypsia

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483, / Dulijano Ljubicic et al. Can J Psychiatry 2008;53(5):323–331

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerLithium

- “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E”

Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance - seizure - Postural hypotension , EPS - cardiac arrythmia - Course tremor, dysarthria - nephrotic syndrome, RTA - Acne, Hair loss, Psoriasis - diabetes insipidus , AKI - GI upset (Giddiness), Diarrhea - Hyperthyroid - Weight gain, fluid retention - Hypothyroid, T- wave change

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerLithium

Toxicity Level 1.5 -2.0 : GI upset, N/V , ataxia, nystagmus tremor, dysarthria Level 2.0 above : myoclonus, jerking movements confusion, delirium, persistent N/V fasiculation, hyperreflexia, seizures FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerLithium : Pregnancy cat. D

- Ebstein’s Anomaly in 1st Trimester 10x - may be less or equal than valproate / CBZ - Most avoid during 1st trimester

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerLithium

“MUST” ask & advice list for Lithium candidate - Pregnancy - Renal - Thyroid - Cardiac arrythmia - Psoriasis - Risk for overdose / toxicity - Diet and hydration

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

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Department of Psychiatry

Mood stabilizerLithium

FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2006; 4:480-483

Page 37: อ นพ พงศธร พหลภาคย์ · Mood stabilizer Lithium - “minor S/E 70% ; 30% more than minor S/E” Common benign S/E Uncommon S/E - Cognitive distubance

Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticTypical antipsychotics

- rapid control behavior - most patient need high dose, rapid titration - high dose more A/E : Acute dystonia, EPS, weight gain - EPS : require anticholinergic - mania remission major depression 1. Haloperidol : 10 – 20 mg/day 2. Trifluoperazine : 10 – 30 mg/day 3. Molindole : N/A

Sachs GS, Dupuy JM, Wittmann CW. The pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 May;72(5):704-15.

No standard regimen

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics

- rapid control behavior - most patient need high dose, rapid titration regimen - less A/E : less EPS, less weight gain, less drowsiness less hypotension - tend to protect from polar change into depression - 1. Risperidone 2. Olanzapine 3. Quetiapine 4. Aripriprazole 5. Ziprasidone 6. Clozapine

Sachs GS, Dupuy JM, Wittmann CW. The pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 May;72(5):704-15.

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics

- All reduce manic symptoms > placebo during 4 – 6 weeks - Head to head trials most showed “non-statistical significant differences” in reduction of mania - Arguable usefulness of 1. Combination of : APs + Mood stabilizer 2. Combination of : APs + APs

Sachs GS, Dupuy JM, Wittmann CW. The pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 May;72(5):704-15.

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics (SDA)

Anti Histamine : appetite, weight gain Anti Cholinergic : dry mouth, urinary retention, cognitive impair Anti Dopamine : EPS, cognitive impair Anti 5HT2C : appetite Anti α : hypotension Anti X : insulin resistance, CHOL

Stephen M Stahl.. Antipsychotics. Pocket book, 2009, ISBN 1-4225-0046-2

.

M1

D2

Drugs M3

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics : Comparative intensity of A/E

John W. Newcomer. Clinical Considerations in Selecting and Using Atypical Antipsychotics. CNS Spectr. 2005; 8(Suppl 10):12-19

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics : Comparative frequency of A/E

Therapeutic Guidelines: Psychotropic. Version 5. Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines ; 2003

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics : FDA warning of A/E

P. Buckley et al. Schizophrenia Host Vulnerability and Risk of Metabolic Disturbances During Treatment with Antipsychotics.. FOCUS 2008;6:172-179.

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics : Pharmacokinetics

S.A. Deshmukh, T.S. Bhat, N.P. et al : Paliperidone ER - A novel antipsychotic. The Internet Journal of Pharmacology. 2009 Volume 7 Number 1

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Department of Psychiatry

AntipsychoticAtypical antipsychotics : metabolize by CYP450

1A2 = Fluvoxamine, Quinolone Verapamil 2D6 = Fluvoxamine, Fluoxetine Ritonavir, Buproprion 3A4 = Fluvoxamine Protease Inh.,Clarithromycin Paliperidone / Ziprasidone “ Less CYP interaction ”

Antipsychotics 1A2 2D6 3A4 Clozapine +++ ++ ++

Risperidone 0 +++ +

Olanzapine +++ 0 0

Quetiapine 0 + +++

Aripriprazole 0 ++ ++

Ziprasidone 0 0 0

Stephen M Stahl.. Antipsychotics. Pocket book, 2009, ISBN 1-4225-0046-2

.

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Department of Psychiatry

Vulnerable groupAtypical antipsychotics : summary approved regimen

Full benefit 4 – 6 weeks Risperidone [8 mg/day] : 0.5 -1 mg bid 3 mg at 1st week Olanzapine [20 mg/day] : 2.5 – 5 mg hs 5 mg weekly

Quetiapine [ 600 -800 mg/day] : 25 mg bid 50 mg q 1-3 days Quetiapine XR (300mg) : 1 tab OD 2 tab OD Ziprasidone [ 80 – 160 mg/day]: 20 mg od/bid 20-40 mg weekly Aripriprazole [30 mg/day] : 15 mg 30 mg at end of 1st week *** Acute : OD / BID Maintenance : at steady state OD *** Sachs GS, Dupuy JM, Wittmann CW. The pharmacologic treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 May;72(5):704-15.

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Department of Psychiatry

กลุ่มยาที่ใช้รักษาภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว แบบ maintenanceManic episode

- กลุ่ม mood stabilizer : Valproate, CBZ, Lithium - กลุ่ม Antipsychotics : Atypical vs. Typical Major depressive episode predominant - Lithium - SSRI + Antimanic - Lamotrigine - Quetiapine XR (150 – 300 mg)

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Department of Psychiatry

กลุ่มยาที่ใช้รักษาภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว แบบ maintenanceMajor Depressive Episode Predominant

Lamotrigine (Lamictal®) - 100 – 400 mg/day divide to BID

Inducer : CBZ Phenytoin Phenobarbital Rifampicin Inhibitor :Valproate

Weeks 1,2 3,4 5 6 7 Final LTG + Enz. Inducer 12.5 25 50 100 100 100-200

LTG alone 25 50 100 200 200 200-400

LTG + Enz. Inhibitor 50 100 200 300 400 400-800

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 2. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

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Department of Psychiatry

กลุ่มยาที่ใช้รักษาภาวะอารมณ ์2 ขั้ว แบบ maintenanceMajor Depressive Episode Predominant

Lamotrigine (Lamictal®) Why slow titrate ? Answer = - 10% Non serious rash - 0.3% Serious rash (SJS/TEN) - adolescent, exceed dose limit, rapid escalation - Nausea , vomitting, fatigue

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 2. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

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Department of Psychiatry

Pharmacotherapy in acute manic episode

Main : Mood stabilizer or Antipsychotic

Rapid control symptoms: Add BZDs

Polypharmacy : CAUTIOUS !!!

- Adverse effect & CYP450 Interaction : Sedation & Fall ,SJS, Agranulocytosis - - Compliance : OD is best

“Psychoeducation” is a very powerful intervention

every medical personal could perform

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Department of Psychiatry

References

Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 1. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

Schatzberg AF. Manual of clinical psychopharmacology. Washington, D.C.;

Edinburgh: APPI ; Compass Academic [distributor]; 2010.

Schatzberg AF. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology, 4th Edition .Washington D.C.:APPI ; Compass

Academic [distributor]; 2011

Stahl SM, Muntner N, Grady MM. Stahl's essential psychopharmacology. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

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