a design technique of arcp matrix converter using circuit simulator nagasaki university yuichiro...

　　 A design technique of ARCP matrix converter using circuit simulator

Nagasaki University

Yuichiro Nakazawa

ContentsContents

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Design and evaluation of ARCPMC prototype systemDesign and evaluation of ARCPMC prototype system

・　・　 IntroductionIntroduction

・・　　 Power conversion systemPower conversion system

・　・　 Conventional voltage source inverter (VSI) topologyConventional voltage source inverter (VSI) topology

・　・　 Matrix converter topologyMatrix converter topology

・　・　 ARCP matrix converter (ARCPMC) topologyARCP matrix converter (ARCPMC) topology

・　・　 Determination of specification & hardware parametersDetermination of specification & hardware parameters

・　・　 Evaluation of design parametersEvaluation of design parameters

・　・　 Outline of ARCPMC prototype systemOutline of ARCPMC prototype system

・　・　 ConclusionConclusion

Necessity of power conversionNecessity of power conversion

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Now, disruption of environment such as global warming by energy Now, disruption of environment such as global warming by energy consumption and exhaustion of energy resources are serious problemconsumption and exhaustion of energy resources are serious problem

In the industry application, In the industry application, power conversion technologypower conversion technology is effective is effective for energy savingfor energy saving

In the field of AC motor drive, In the field of AC motor drive, inverterinverter is widely used as AC adjustable is widely used as AC adjustable speed drivespeed drive

⇒⇒ 　　 Inverter can generate variable voltage and variable Inverter can generate variable voltage and variable frequency frequency 0000output from AC voltage sourceoutput from AC voltage source

Energy saving technology is strongly demandedEnergy saving technology is strongly demanded

・ AC-DC-AC power conversion

・ Indirect power conversion device

・　 Necessity of energy storage components

Conventional VSI topologyConventional VSI topology

M

Er

Er

ErMotor

Converter circuitConverter circuit Inverter circuitInverter circuit

Energy storage componentsEnergy storage components

AC DC AC

Conducted Conducted EmissionEmission

Power Power ConverterConverter

Power Power SourceSource

Motor Surge Motor Surge VoltageVoltage

Input Current Input Current HarmonicsHarmonics Leakage CurrentLeakage Current

MotorMotor

Shaft VoltageShaft Voltage

Conventional PWM InverterConventional PWM Inverter

Switching lossSwitching loss

　　 Influence on Power SourceInfluence on Power Source ・　・　 Influence on other devices by conductive noiseInfluence on other devices by conductive noise ・・　　 Stress to power source by input current harmonicsStress to power source by input current harmonics Influence on Power ConverterInfluence on Power Converter ・　・　 Switching lossSwitching loss　　 Influence on Motor Influence on Motor ・　・　 Insulation deterioration of motor winding by surge voltageInsulation deterioration of motor winding by surge voltage ・・　　 Bearing degradation by high dv/dt of motor shaft voltageBearing degradation by high dv/dt of motor shaft voltage

Fig.1. 　 Conventional PWM Inverter

Matrix converter topologyMatrix converter topology

AC AC

・ AC-AC direct power conversion

・ No large energy storage components

・ Regeneration ability & Displacement factor control

・ Reduced input harmonic current

Higher switching frequency for higher performance power conversionHigher switching frequency for higher performance power conversion

　　　　　･　　　　　･ Increasing of switching loss Increasing of switching loss

　　　　　･　　　　　･ Destruction of Destruction of switching deviceswitching device by by dv/dt or di/dtdv/dt or di/dt

　　　　　･　　　　　･ Development of switching noiseDevelopment of switching noise

Availability of soft switching technologyAvailability of soft switching technology

ZVS (zero voltage switching) , ZCS (zero current switching)ZVS (zero voltage switching) , ZCS (zero current switching)

One of the solution of these problemOne of the solution of these problem ⇒ The soft switching technologyThe soft switching technology

One of the technique to realize soft switchingOne of the technique to realize soft switching ⇒ ⇒ Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole ( ARCP ) Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole ( ARCP ) technologytechnology 　　Soft switching is realized by resonance using Soft switching is realized by resonance using

auxiliary circuitauxiliary circuit

Matrix converterMatrix converter ARCP technologyARCP technology

　・　　・　 AC-AC direct power AC-AC direct power conversionconversion　・　　・　 No No energy storage componentsenergy storage components

　・　　・　 Soft switching Soft switching 　　・・　　 Reduced switching Reduced switching lossloss

ARCP technologyARCP technology which is one the soft switching which is one the soft switching technology is applied to technology is applied to Matrix converterMatrix converter

Soft switching technologySoft switching technology

ARCP matrix converterARCP matrix converter

ARCP Matrix converter topologyARCP Matrix converter topology

AC AC

M

Er

Es

Et

Vu

Vv

Vw

Sru

Ssu

Stu

Srv

Ssv

Stv

Srw

Ssw

StwSaux

Lr

Cr

・ Auxiliary switches & resonance components

・ Soft switching ( ZVS & ZCS )

・ Reduced switching loss & switching noise & dv/dt, di/dt

Auxiliary circuitAuxiliary circuitLLrr = Resonance Inductor = Resonance Inductor

Main circuitMain circuitCCrr = Resonance Capacitor = Resonance Capacitor

Input Filter

Composing of switch( = Bi-directional switch)

Design of ARCPMC prototype systemDesign of ARCPMC prototype system

Determination of hardware parameters and resonance componentsDetermination of hardware parameters and resonance components

Evaluation of design parameters using circuit simulator Evaluation of design parameters using circuit simulator

Construction of ARCP prototype systemConstruction of ARCP prototype system

Hardware parameters and resonance components are determined, Hardware parameters and resonance components are determined, depend on evaluation system specificationdepend on evaluation system specification

A study purposeA study purpose

Fig.2. 　 The two-phase modulated PWM method

The two-phase modulated PWM methodThe two-phase modulated PWM method

1.1. Base voltage (VBase voltage (Vbasebase) is determined, ) is determined, accaccording to the input three-phase voltage aording to the input three-phase voltage and output voltage commandnd output voltage command 　　　　

Condition ②　

Condition ①　

emid < 0 ・・・ Vbase= emax

Control methodControl method

2. 2. Two other phases carry out PWM Two other phases carry out PWM modulationmodulation 　　

emid > 0 ・・・ Vbase= emin

wt

eR eS eT

Inp

ut

3-p

has

e vo

ltag

e

①

eR = emax

eS = emid

eT = emin

base

VU = Vmax

VV = Vmid

VW = Vmin

wt

eR eS eT

Inp

ut

3-p

has

e vo

ltag

e

②

eR = emax

eS = emid

eT = emin

base

VU = Vmax

VV = Vmid

VW = Vmin

Fig.3. 　 The two-phase modulated PWM method

The two-phase modulated PWM methodThe two-phase modulated PWM method

Control methodControl method

1.1. Base voltage (VBase voltage (Vbasebase) is determined, ) is determined, accaccording to the input three-phase voltage aording to the input three-phase voltage and output voltage commandnd output voltage command 　　　　

Condition ②　

Condition Condition ①① 　　

emid < 0 ・・・ Vbase= emax

2. 2. Two other phases carry out PWM Two other phases carry out PWM modulationmodulation 　　

emid > 0 ・・・ Vbase= emin

cmidmax

*

max Tee

Vt

cmidmax

*

mid Tee

Vt

Fig.4. firing time

TS

tmax tmid

V*

emax

emid

emin

S1

S2

emax

emid

emin

TS

midmaxmax eee where

Average of output voltage (SAverage of output voltage (S11))

minmidmid eee

max

mid

mid

mid

max

mid

t

t

e

e

i

i

: Input current distribution factor

Firing timeFiring time

Average of output command voltage (SAverage of output command voltage (S22))

In the switching period ( Ts )

Fig.5. Commutation method

ARCP commutationARCP commutation

ARCP commutation realizes ARCP commutation realizes ZVS ( Zero Voltage Switching) ZVS ( Zero Voltage Switching) by LC resonance by LC resonance

Capacitive commutationCapacitive commutation

Capacitive commutation realizes Capacitive commutation realizes ZVS by charging and discharging ZVS by charging and discharging action of resonance capacitoraction of resonance capacitor

These commutation methods These commutation methods realize soft switchingrealize soft switching

：　 ARCP commutation：　 Capacitive commutation

Commutation methodCommutation method

emax

emid

emin

TC

Fig.6. Switching pattern

Switching patternSwitching pattern

Calculation equationCalculation equation

orcap i

eeCt 213

1

)(

e

iILt oboost

auxboost

)tan(cos1

1

1

21

22

21

e

IZ

eIZ

et boostr

boostrr

res

2

1 sincos

e

tZ

etIi

Ltresr

rresrboosto

auxramp

Capacitivecommutation

Charging or discharging duration

ARCP commutation

Boost duration

Resonance duration

Current decreasing duration

Commutation time calculation equation Commutation time calculation equation

e1 : Voltage before Commutation

e2 : Voltage after Commutation

SRU

STU

SSU

SRV

STV

SSV

SRW

STW

SSW

Lf

Cf

SauxU

SauxV

SauxW

eR

eS

eT

Specification of prototype system Specification of prototype system

InputVoltage 200Vrms

Frequency 50/60Hz

Output

Power 11kW

Voltage 0 - 170Vrms

frequency 0 - 120Hz

Switching frequency

20kHz

Specification of prototype systemSpecification of prototype system

Resonance component parameters are decided from specification of prototype system and commutation time calculation equation which is shown in the preceding slide

Specification of prototype systemof prototype system

Capacitive commutation time is set at Capacitive commutation time is set at 55sec or lesssec or less, , and ARCP commutation frequency is set at and ARCP commutation frequency is set at 200kHz200kHz to achieve in 20kHz switching frequencyto achieve in 20kHz switching frequency

Parameters of prototype system Parameters of prototype system

SRU

STU

SSU

SRV

STV

SSV

SRW

STW

SSW

Lf

Cf

SauxU

SauxV

SauxW

eR

eS

eT

Input filterInductor 0.18 mH

Capacitor 90 F

Resonant component

Inductor 5 H

Capacitor 50 nF

Resonant capacitorResonant capacitorCr = 50 [nF]

Resonant inductorResonant inductorLr = 5 [H]

Input filterInput filterLf = 0.18 [mH]

Cf = 90 [F]

The resonant capacitor value is selected to change The resonant capacitor value is selected to change maximum commutation voltage within the selected maximum commutation voltage within the selected capacitive commutation time for output current capacitive commutation time for output current 10% 10% of ratedof rated

The inductance value of the resonant inductor is The inductance value of the resonant inductor is decided from the resonance frequencydecided from the resonance frequency

ParametersParameters

ARCPMC

LPF

DSP(TMS320C31) FPGA

(EPF10K50RC-240-4)

A/D Converter

Command Voltage

eT

eS

eR

Output Currentvrs ,vts

iu ,iv ,iw

18 6

VU ,VV , VW

Trance

Input Voltage

Load

AuxiliarySwitches

MainSwitches

Gate Drive Circuit

243

Fig.7. System configuration of ARCPMC

Host PC

System configurationSystem configuration

ARCPMC

LPF

DSP(TMS320C31) FPGA

(EPF10K50RC-240-4)

A/D Converter

Command Voltage

eT

eS

eR


iu ,iv ,iw

18 6

VU ,VV , VW

Trance

Input Voltage

Load

AuxiliarySwitches

MainSwitches

Gate Drive Circuit

243

・ Calculation of firing time・ Calculation of commutation time・ Phase distinction


Host PC


DSPTMS320C31

Host PC

ARCPMC

LPF

DSP(TMS320C31) FPGA

(EPF10K50RC-240-4)

A/D Converter

Command Voltage

eT

eS

eR


iu ,iv ,iw

18 6

VU ,VV , VW

Trance

Input Voltage

Load

AuxiliarySwitches

MainSwitches

Gate Drive Circuit

243

Generation of PWM signal

emax

emid

emin

TS

S1

S2

Saux

S3



FPGAEPF10K50RC-240-4

Necessity of simulationNecessity of simulation

Evaluation by experiment without simulationEvaluation by experiment without simulation

・　・　 Experiment environment and hardware conditions Experiment environment and hardware conditions 000such as wiring impedance participate in a resultsuch as wiring impedance participate in a result・　・　 Validation of software is difficultValidation of software is difficult

Evaluation by simulationEvaluation by simulationSimulation model contains the control system Simulation model contains the control system

which is equivalent to an experiment which is equivalent to an experiment machinemachine 　　　　

Simulation model Simulation model

Fig.10. ARCPMC simulation model

ARCPMC ModelARCPMC Model

DSP&FPGA ModelDSP&FPGA Model

Simulation model Simulation model

DSPDSP

Main circuitMain circuit

Auxiliary circuitAuxiliary circuit

LoadLoad

Fig.11. ARCPMC simulation model

FPGAFPGA

Input filterInput filter

Simulation parameter Simulation parameter The two-phase modulated PWM method

Input line voltagesInput line voltages 200 V200 V

Power frequencyPower frequency 60 Hz60 Hz

Output voltage commandOutput voltage command 100 V100 V

Output frequency commandOutput frequency command 30 Hz30 Hz

Switching frequencySwitching frequency 10 kHz10 kHz

Analysis precisionAnalysis precision 0.4 0.4 secsec

Input lines voltage

Vrs [500V/div]

Input current

Ir [50A/div]

Output line voltages (FilteredFiltered)

VUV [500V/div]

Output current

IU [10A/div]

Simulation result Simulation result The two-phase modulated PWM method

[20msec/div]

Output phase voltage

VU [500V/div]

Output line voltages

VUV [500V/div]

Simulation result Simulation result The two-phase modulated PWM method

Output phase voltage

VV [500V/div]

[2.5msec/div]

Prototype system Prototype system

Fig.12. ARCPMC 　 prototype system

Main circuitMain circuitGate drive circuitGate drive circuit

Resonance capacitorResonance capacitor

Resonance inductorResonance inductor

IGBT switchIGBT switch

Prototype system Prototype system

Equivalent circuitEquivalent circuit

・　・　 The resonant circuit layout is The resonant circuit layout is decided to fix design decided to fix design layoutlayout00000000000

Accurate resonance Accurate resonance for ARCP commutationfor ARCP commutation

・　・　 A A resonant path impedanceresonant path impedance each each phphase ase is equalis equal 000000000000

000000000

Future developmentFuture development

・　 Drive of ARCPMC prototype system

・　 Determination of specification and hardware parameters

・ Evaluation of design parameter using circuit simulator

・ Construction of prototype system

Design of ARCPMC prototype systemDesign of ARCPMC prototype system

Conclusion Conclusion

Thank you for your attention !!Thank you for your attention !!

The END The END

M

Er

Es

Et

Vu

Vv

Vw

Sru

Ssu

Stu

Srv

Ssv

Stv

Srw

Ssw

StwSaux

Lr

Cr

ARCP matrix converterARCP matrix converter

a design technique of arcp matrix converter using circuit simulator nagasaki university yuichiro...

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