a. frank file organization memory hierarchy thanks to adi gutman and noa cohen

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A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Page 1: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

A. Frank

File Organization

Memory Hierarchy

Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

Page 2: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

2A. Frank

Computer Organization point of view

Computer

Processor

Control Input

OutputDatapath

Memory

assembler/compiler

Interface

Page 3: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Basic Memory Hierarchies

External Memory

Hierarchy

External Memory

Hierarchy

Internal Memory

Hierarchy

Internal Memory

Hierarchy

מדרג- תתפנימי זיכרון

מדרג- תתחיצוני זיכרון

מדרגכולל זיכרון

Page 4: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Migration of item A from disk to register

Page 5: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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General Memory Hierarchy

Page 6: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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–Access Timeזמן גישה 1.מעינה זמן גישה ליחידה

(Addressable unit.)

יחידות זמן:

second - s שנייה1.

millisecond - ms ( 10-3שנייה -מילי2. s)

microsecond - us( s 10-6)שנייה -מיקרו3.

nanosecond - ns ( s 10-9)שנייה -ננו4.

(Speed זמן גישה הוא ביחס הפוך למהירות )וביצועים.

Evaluation criteria for memory technologies (1)

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- Capacityקיבולת . 2נפח/גודל הזיכרון של היחידה.

יחידות קיבולת:

bit - b , סיביתbyte - Bבית •

kilobyte - KB(210קילובית • B)

megabyte - MB(220מגהבית • B)

gigabyte - GB(230גיגהבית • B)

terabyte - TB(240טרהבית • B)

Evaluation criteria for memory technologies (2)

Page 8: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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- Cost per unit . עלות ליחידת זיכרון3מחיר יחידת זיכרון, לדוגמא:

/MB $, IS/Kb

Evaluation criteria for memory technologies (3)

, יקר הוא יותר מהיר שהזיכרון ככליותר נמוכה קיבולת ובעל .יותר

Page 9: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Basic Structure of Memory Hierarchy

speed capacitycost

fastest Memory smallest highest

Memory

slowest Memory largest lowest

CPU

Page 10: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Parameter directions in memory hierarchy

Page 11: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Usual four levels of storage

Page 12: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Example Internal Memory levels

RegistersRegisters

CacheCache

Main MemoryMain Memory

Extended MemoryExtended Memory

SpeedCost

Access TimeCapacity

אוגרים

) מטמון ) מכמן

עיקרי זיכרון

מורחב זיכרון

Page 13: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Example External Memory Levels

Electronic disksElectronic disks

Cache-full disksCache-full disks

Cache-less disksCache-less disks

Optical disks | TapesOptical disks | Tapes

SpeedCost

Access TimeCapacity

אלקטרוניים (SCD)דיסקים

מכמן עם דיסקים

מכמן ללא דיסקים

אופטיים דיסקיםסרטים

Page 14: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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Joint Memory Hierarchy

Registers

Cache

Main Memory

Disk Cache

Magnetic Disk

Magnetic Tape Optical Disk

Page 15: A. Frank File Organization Memory Hierarchy Thanks to Adi Gutman and Noa Cohen

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A classical computer system with typical hierarchy

controlcontrol

CPUCPU outputoutputinputinput

cachecache

Main memory

Main memory

Mass storageMass storage

Archival memoryArchival memory

Primary

memory

Secondary

memory

Auxiliary

memory

Memory hierarchy

•Access time

•Cost

•Permanency

•Reversibility

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Different view of memory hierarchy (1)

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Different view of memory hierarchy (2)

:// . . / - 1.http www howstuffworks com computer memory htm