a necessidade de uma visão integralizada da qualidade de energia
DESCRIPTION
A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da Qualidade de Energia. Paulo F. Ribeiro, BSEE, MBA, PHD, PE CALVIN COLLEGE Engineering Department Grand Rapids, MI 49546 http://engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_WEBPAGE/ [email protected]. Vision "Where there is no vision, the people perish" - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da Qualidade de Energia
Paulo F. Ribeiro, BSEE, MBA, PHD, PE
CALVIN COLLEGEEngineering DepartmentGrand Rapids, MI 49546
http://engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_WEBPAGE/[email protected]
2P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Vision
"Where there is no vision, the people perish"
Proverbs 29:18
Philosophy / Strategy
No aspect of reality should be viewed in isolation
Initiative
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What is the Cost of Power Quality?
What is the Value of Power Quality (Future)?
How are Customers Addressing Power Quality Needs and Risks?
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Outline
Power Quality RealityPower Quality - ChallengesPower Quality - Challenges - ExamplesPower Quality Technical Facts – DifferentiatingPower Quality Approach – IntegratedPower Quality Integrating PrinciplesAdvanced Power Quality SolutionsPower Electronics - Semiconductor DevicesThe PQ EquationStandardsPower Quality Evolving EnvironmentBenefits of a Power Quality ProgramPower Quality – Integrated SolutionsConclusions
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Power Quality Reality
Power quality problems are expensive for both utilities and end users.
A recent survey conducted by Primen suggests that across all business sectors, the U.S. economy is losing between $104 billion and $165 billion a year to outages and another $15 billion to $24 billion to PQ phenomena.
EPRI
6P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Power Quality Reality
Power Quality is a serious issue that touches almost all industrial,commercial andresidentialcustomers in some way.
f
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Power Quality - Challenges
Flexible
Reliable
Comprehensive
Cost Effective (Micro and Macro)
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Power Quality - Challenges - Examples
As the secure and reliable transmission of information has become increasingly critical to business operation, companies are increasing their spending on third party hosting services that can guarantee high levels of uptime for their critical business applications. Costs due to downtime can be very high.
Below are a few average costs for data center downtime on the operations of different businesses:
Telephone ticket sales $72K Airline Reservations $90K Credit Card operations $2,580K Brokerage operations $6,480K
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Power Quality Technical Facts - Differentiating
Steady- State Issues.
Transient - Protection Issues
Electrical Noise - Issues
Wiring Guidelines - Issues
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Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way.
Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration:
Importance of Power Quality
Changing Nature of Customer Loads
Program Objectives (Service, Load Growth, Profit)
Customer Interface
Education and Training
Monitoring and Site Surveys
11P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way.
Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration:
Solutions to Power Quality Problems
Organizational Analysis
Customer Service Functions
Marketing Functions
Engineering Functions
Legal/Regulatory Considerations
Market Research - Market Size - Market Structure
12P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way.
Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration:
Customer Characteristics
Competitive Position
Marketing Strategies
Developing a Business Plan
Need for the PQ Program
Program Objectives
13P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall picture so that these decisions can be made in an intelligent way.
Power Quality Solutions should take into consideration:
Description of Products and Services
Financial Projections
Personnel Requirements
Equipment Requirements
Training Requirements
Advertising/Marketing
Program Review
14P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Power Quality Technical Aspects
Because today's businesses depend upon keeping electronic systems up and running, they can no longer afford power interruptions that could shut them down.
Facility Power Audits Power Quality EnhancementsMotors and Controls ProtectionStandby and Emergency GeneratorsUninterruptible Power SystemsSurge SuppressorsPower Factor Correction
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Power Quality Integrating Principles
What is power quality?Expectations, Specifications, Minimum Requirements
Why are we concerned about power quality?Consequences of power quality problemsThe cost of power quality problemsThe benefits of power quality design
What are the sensitive loads.
What is the life-cycle to power quality issue costs and benefitsFirst cost vs. problem costsWhose costs? Designs that set correct expectations throughout the life cycle
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Power Quality Integrating Principles
1. Understand the problem
2. Find the real cause before you find the best solution
3. The solution must be always cost effective
4. Be open and work closely with the customer
5. Be Pro-Active, Not Reactive
6. Do not go after magic solutions
7. Educate utility and customers
8. Offer alternative PQ Services
9. Be aware of legal issues
10. Satisfy the customers - They are always right
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions
Software
Wavelet Theory
Expert Systems
Fuzzy Logic
Genetic Algorithms
Neural Network
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions
Hardware
Active Harmonic Filters
Micro SMES for Power Quality
Large SMES for Transmission / Distribution
PWM Based Higher Power Compensators
FACTS Controller, Custom Power Devices
Transfer Switches
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions
Measuring and Monitoring
Artificial Intelligence Instruments
Remote Access
Integrated Diagnostic
Comprehensive System Monitoring
Centralized Monitoring (GPS)
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions
Systems and Concepts
PQ Parks
Custom Power / FACTS / Transfer Switches
Higher Immunity
Special Contracts
Power Management Companies
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The PQ Equation
PowerQuality A B C dPd ( ) $
A - Electric parametersB - Economic ParametersC - Structure of the Sector
PQ $
PQ Level
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions
Computer Modeling and Simulation
Graphical Environment
Inclusion of Artificial Intelligence (fuzzy / neural, wavelets)
Integrated Economic Analysis
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VSI CSI
Natural Forced
Synchronous PWM
Hard Soft
Two-Level Multi-Level
SCR GTO IGBT MCT MTO
System
CommutationApproach
SwitchingTechnology
TransitionApproach
CircuitTopology
DeviceType
Power Electronics - Semiconductor Devices
Decision-Making Matrix
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Compatibility: A Key Componente
Standards
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kUref
kUrefkUkRTL ,0max
Relative Trespass Level (RTL)
Uk - measured or calculated harmonic voltage
Uref - harmonic voltage limit (standard or particular equipment)
k - harmonic order
2 4 6 8 10 12 140
2
4
6
88
0
RTL k
132 k
0 0.05 0.10
2
4
6
88
0
RTL k
.10 Uk
Standards
Compatibility: A Key Componente
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Possible Problems
Caution SevereDistortions
DangerousLevels
NormalLevels
A B C D E F G RTL0
1
Norm
alB
elowN
ormal
Over
Heating
Very
Hot
Below
Norm
alab
cd
e
Equ
ipm
ent
Mal
fun c
t io n
Mag
nitu
de $
P
h ase
Ang
le
Individual Harmonics (Vh)Equipment Malfunction
Fuzzy - Color Code CriteriaNo Problem
Caution
Possible Problems
Imminent Problems
Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Applying Fuzzy Logic Comparisons
Alternative Approach
Standards Flexibility: A Key Componente
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Limits for Continuous PQ Variations – Not a problem
Difficulty in apportioning limits to individual customers (harmonics)
Limits for disturbances – More difficult
Standards - Issues
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Power Quality Evolving Environment
How To Interpret This?
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Power Quality Evolving Environment
How To Interpret This?
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Generation Delivery Conversion Processing
CentralStation
T&D AC-ACSupplies
Motion
Environmental Maintainability Availability Safety Efficiency Reliability Performance PricePower Quality
Power System Value Chain
Power Electronics Systems and Components
SMESBatteries
FACTSSMESPQ Parks
UPS Appliances
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Val
ue D
imen
sion
s
EnergyPower
Communication
Light / Motion
Utility User
The Integrated Quality Environment
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Benefits of a Power Quality Program
• Offer options to customers with PQ concerns
• Attract new business to area (regional development)
• Facilitate load retention of current customers
• Meet changing needs of customer's new technology
• Discourage co-generation or self-generation as solutions of PQ Problems
• Enhance and public image - as customers hold company accountable • for both PQ and reliability
• Add value to service
• Serve customers' best interests and save customers money
• Support company mission
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Power Quality Cost Analysis Should Include
Lost production
Scrap
Restart costs
Labor
Repair and replacement costs
Process inefficiency
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Power Quality Cost Analysis Should Include
Purchase cost
Installation costs
Operations costs
Maintenance costs
Costs due to impact on losses
Reliability considerations
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Power Quality – Integrated Solutions
• Matching Customer Needs with Utility Services.
• Establish An Open Environment
• Optimize Economics
35P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
Conclusions
PQ Will continue to grow in importance as the electric sector operates
within a truly free economy.
Utilities, customers and manufacturers will have to cooperate to establish a stable model for the power quality industry sector
Differentiated Premium Power will Become a reality
Reliability and Quality will become as important as Price
An integrated Approach Is EssentialVision, Philosophy/Strategy and Initiative
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37P. Ribeiro Outubro 2002
SCOPE
The conference covers all aspects of power quality including the following topics:
Network Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis; Flexible, Reliable, and Intelligent Electrical Energy Delivery Systems; Measuring and Monitoring Techniques; Sources of Disturbances;
Power Converters; Traction Systems; Harmonics; Voltage Quality; Power Conditioning; Active and Passive Filters; VAR Compensation; UPS; Surge Protection Devices; Grounding Systems;
Phase Balancing; Standards and Recommended Practices; Diagnostic and Expect Systems Applications; Electromagnetic Compatibility; Power Quality in Distribution Systems; Quality
Aspects of Industrial, Commercial, and Residential Consumers; Power Quality in a Deregulated Electricity Market; Energy Conservation and PQ Compatibility.
..