a whole new world was the cold war a good...
TRANSCRIPT
5/16/11
1
AWholeNewWorldThelasttwodecadesataglaceandAmerica’srole.
WastheColdWaragoodthing?• DuringtheColdWarthereweretwogreatsuperpowerstheU.S.andtheU.S.S.R.– Countriesaroundtheworldlookedtoeitheroneofthesecountriestotaketheleadinmajorissues.
• ADerthefalloftheSovietUnionmanycountriesaroundtheworldfoundthemselvesfreetoshapetheirownfuture.
• However,thischangedidn’thappeneasilyandmuchbloodshedandinstabilityfollowed.
U.S.inaNewWorld• Inthe1990s,naMonsaroundtheworldwerebecominglessstable.– Manyweretornapartbyracial,cultural,orreligioustensions.
– EventsacrosstheworldhelpedshapeAmericanforeignpolicy.
RussiaandEasternEurope• U.S.promotedthemovetowardWestern‐styledemocracyintheformerSovietrepublics.– Offeredbillionsofdollarsinaid.
– NATOallowedPoland,Hungary,andtheCzechRepublictojoin.
SouthAfrica• ApartheidhadbeenthepolicyofSouthAfricafordecades.– Apartheid:separaMonofpeopleofdifferentracialbackgrounds.
– SouthAfrica’swhiteminority(15%ofthepopulaMon)hadlongdeniedequalrightstotheblackmajority.
• ToencouragereformofApartheid,theU.S.usedeconomicsancMons(traderestricMonsandeconomicmeasuresintendedtopunishanothernaMon).
• In1990,NelsonMandela,ananM‐apartheidleader,wasreleasedfromjailaDerbeingincarceratedfor27years.
5/16/11
2
• MandelaandPrimeMinisterKlerkworkedtogethertoendapartheid.
• In1994,SouthAfricahelditsfirstelecMonswhereblackscouldvote.
• NelsonMandelabecamethenewpresident,andSouthAfricamadeapeacefultransiMontoblackmajorityrule.
U.S.Challenge• Inthe1990s,theU.S.wantedtopromotethespreadofdemocracytonewareas.– U.S.alsowantedtostoptheviolencethateruptedinseveralregionsaroundtheworld.• VietnamhadleDAmericanshesitantaboutcommi`ngtocommitmentsinothercountries.
TheU.S.hadbecomehesitantlikethisducklingandhorsewhen
itcametoforeignconflicts.
Somalia• Africancountrythatsufferedafamineandcivilwarintheearly1990s.
• PresidentBushsentAmericanstoSomaliain1992toassistaUNreliefeffort.
• WhiletheU.S.didhelpwithfoodefforts,theSomaligovernmentwasunabletocontrolarmedrebelgroupsthatruledthecountryside.
• In1993,agroupofSomalirebelsadackedaforceofU.S.soldiers.
• MorethanadozenU.S.soldierswerekilledinthisbadle.
• ADerthisbadle,Clintonremovedthetroops,despitethefactthatorderhadnotbeenrestored.
TheeventsofthebadlearedepictedinthemoMonpictureBlackHawkDown.
TheClintonadministraMontookalotofcriMcismforevent.
Israel• Inthe1990s,PresidentClintonhelpedtriedtohelpnegoMateapeaceagreementwithPrimeMinisterEhudBarakofPalesMneandYasirArafatofIsrael.
• Theleaderswereunabletoreachanagreement,andviolenceinIsraelhasbeenincreasingeversince.
Nothinglikeawalkthroughaforesttoerasethousandsofyearsofconflict.
TheBalkans• TheU.S.playedakeyroleinpeacekeepinginYugoslavia,anaMonofseveraldisMnctethnicandreligiousgroups.
• ADerthecollapseofcommunism,theproblemsbetweenthesegroupseruptedintoaviolentconflict.
5/16/11
3
• YugoslavRepublics:Bosnia,CroaMa,Serbia– BosniaandCroaMawantedtobeindependentnaMons.
• SerbiawantedtokeepYugoslaviaunited.– AminorityofSerbslivinginBosniaalsowantedtokeepaunifiedYugoslavia.
SlobodanMilosevicwaspresidentofSerbiaandhelpedorchestratea
genocidetokeepYugoslaviaunified.Hewastriedasawarcriminalanddiedinjailbeforeaverdictcouldbereached.
• WhenBosniadeclaredtheirindependencein1991,theBosnianSerbstookmilitaryacMonwithasiegeofSarajevo(majorcityinBosnia).– EthnicCleansingcampaigntoremovenon‐SerbsfromBosnia.
– Millionsfledtheirhomes,andmorethan200,000peoplewerekilled.
SerbiansoldierskickingBosnianMuslims.
• PresidentClintonwashesitanttogetinvolvedintheconflictbecauseourEuropeanalliesresistedtheuseofforce.
• However,NATOairstrikesin1995pushedBosnianSerbsintopeacetalks.– Cease‐fireandforeignpeacekeepingtroops,includingthousandsofU.S.soldiers.
Clintonwashesitanttojointheconflict.
• ViolencethenspreadtoKosovo,anotherpartoftheformerYugoslavia.
• LedtoanotherroundofviolencebetweenSerbsandethnicAlbaniansinKosovo,withtheSerbstakingcontrolofaviolentcampaign.
• In1999,theU.S.andNATOlaunchedaseriesofairstrikesagainstSerbia.– ForcedSerbianleaderSlobodan
MilosevictoallowinternaMonalpeacekeepingforcestoenterKosovo.
Afghanistan• Afghanistanbecameafocal
pointfortheU.S.aDertheSovietUnioninvadedin1979.– ODenreferredtoasthe
U.S.S.R.’sVietnam.
• U.S.respondedbyboyco`ng1980OlympicsinMoscowandwithdrawinganucleararmstreatyfromtheSenate.– Sovietseventuallywithdrew.
• CharlieWilson’sWar(watchit!)
• In1996,agroupofMuslimfundamentalistscalledtheTalibantookcontrolofKabul.
• Builta‘pureIslamicstate’(notelevisionormusic).
• TalibanalsoprovidedprotecMonforOsamabinLaden(al‐Qaedaleader).
5/16/11
4
• TheTalibanwerethefirsttargetoftheU.S.waronTerrorlaunchedaDerSeptember11.
• InOctober2001,U.S.forcesoustedtheTalibanfrompower.– Didn’tgetbinLaden
• Inrecentyears,theTalibanhasreemergedandhascausedtheU.S.lotsofproblemsinAfghanistan.
• TheTalibanwereneverreallydefeated.– HidamongtheAfghanpopulaMon.
– TraveledtoPakistan.• TheU.S.isusingdifferentopMonstocombattheTaliban.– NaMonBuilding– Militarily,sMllfighMngtheTalibanwhenchancesarise.
– PoliMcally,adempMngtoengagetheTalibaninpeacetalks.• OffersofposiMonsinAfghangovernment.
Iraq• SaddamHusseinconMnued
tooppressgroupswithinIraqthroughthe1990s.
• HealsorefusedtocooperatewithUNinspectorssenttoIraqtoensurethatthenaMondestroyedtheirWeaponsofMassDestrucMon(WMDs).
• AdecadeaDerthePersianGulfwar,theU.S.didn’tseeanyrealprogressbeingmadetowardafreeandpeacefulIraq.
CommonHazardSymbols
• ADerSeptember11,BushsentawarningtoIraqtostopdevelopingweaponsofmassdestrucMon.
UnleashtheCheney!
• OnMarch20th2003,theU.S.militaryinvadedIraq(OperaMonIraqiFreedom)underthepresumpMonIraqpossessedweaponsofmassdestrucMon(WMDs).
• Saddam’sregimefellinweeks.
• Saddamwascaptured,putontrial,andhanged.
• WMDswereneverfound.• InAugustof2010,thelast
“combat”troopsleDIraq.– SMllover50,000“support”
troopsinIraq.
May1st2003,betPresidentBushwisheshecouldtakethisoneback.
May1st2011• PresidentBarackObamaannouncedthataU.SspecialforcesteamhadkilledOsamaBinLaden.
• ManywonderaboutthefutureoftheU.S.militaryintheMiddleEast.
• ManyfearretaliaMonsbecauseofBinLaden’sdeath.
ReleasedpictureofPresidentObamaashewatchesthemissionintheWhiteHouse
SituaMonRoom.
5/16/11
5
PresidentObamawithhisnaQonalsecurityteamastheywatchandlistenrealQmeasthemissiontokillBinLadencommences.
America:ANaQonofDiversity• Inthe1990s,anotherwaveofimmigrantshelpedmaketheU.S.morediversethananyMmeinitshistory.
• 80%ofalllegalimmigrantsduringthisMmecamefromAsiaandLaMnAmerica.
• ImmigraMonActof1990increasedimmigraMonquotasby40%,anderasedmanyrestricMons.
ImmigraQonDebate• ArgumentsforRestricQngImmigraQon.– Immigrantshurttheeconomybecausetheywillworkforlowwages.
– Immigrantservicesarecostlytostategovernments.
– “Dividing”AmericansocietybysMckingwiththeirethnicgroupsinsteadofadapMngtoAmericanculture.• BilingualEducaMon(studentstaughtintwolanguages);opponentsbelievethisencouragesimmigrantstoconMnueusingtheirownlanguage.
• ArgumentsforexpandedimmigraQon:– ImmigrantshelptheeconomybytakingjobsthatfewAmericanswant(highlymoMvatedtowork).
– Only5.7%ofimmigrantsreceivegovernmentaid.
– ImmigraMonisagoodinvestmentforthefuture,expandingthesizeoftheworkforceandthenumberoftaxpayers.
Duringthelate1800s,theU.S.experienceditslargestgrowthin
immigrantsandindustry.
ThegrowthinindustryhelpedAmericabecomethesuperpower
itistoday.
ValidargumentscanbemadethatimmigrantsfueledournaMons
success.
ModernTechnology• InformaQonAge:– ReferstotheinvenMonofmanymorewaystostore,retrieve,andtransmitinformaMonthatcreatedaneweraofcommunicaMon.
To
DoesAnyoneRemember?
Beepers Payphones
CasseUeTapes
MusicStores
Arcades
5/16/11
6
• Computers: – By2000,51%ofAmericanshadahouseholdcomputer.
– ComputershavedecreasedinsizeastheyhavegrownintheirabilitytostoreandretrieveinformaMon.
– Internet:revoluMonizedAmericanlife.• Allowsbusinessestoreachaglobalaudience.
• ComputersandTheirImpact:– Dotcomcompanies:increasingonlinebusiness.
– Computershavereplacedsomehumanworkers,butthegrowthofhigh‐techindustrieshascreatedthousandsofnewjobs.• ThesejobsdemandahighlevelofeducaMonandskill.
• ImpactonEducaQon:– ComputersandtheInternetarealargepartofAmericansociety,butsMllachallengetoimplementinschools.
– Internetisaresearchtool,butstudentsmustevaluatethereliabilityofthisinformaMon.
• ImpactonForeignAffairs:– NewcommunicaMonsincreasedMesamongnaMons.
– In2001,only8%oftheworldhadaccesstoInternet,comparedwith60%oftheU.S.
WithcommunicaMonstechnologybecomingmoreavailabletotheworld.TheUnitedStatesisseeingitsdominanceinworldaffairsbeingthreatened.
• Government:– Internetcausesconcernaboutprivacy• Napster:allowedpeopletodownloadmusicforfree;recordindustrythoughtthisshouldbeillegal.
• MicrosoY:Manyseethecompanyasamonopolydrivingothersoutofbusiness.
Getit?
• TechnologyandDailyLife:– Keepintouchthroughemail,cellphones,andhand‐heldcomputers.
– ShopontheInternet.
Thelidleused“@”signallofthesuddengotasecondleaseoflifewithemail.