मानुषीिमह स ंस्कृताम्may 05, 2009 · videhaिवदेह...

videhaिवदेह थम मैिथली पािक्षक ई पि का 01 माचर् 2008(वषर्1 मास 3 अंक 5)

http://www.videha.co.in/ मानषुीिमह ससं्कृताम ्

V]D'H (D]N:IK 01 M:@RC, 2008)

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3. MH:K:@VY

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8. SIG]T %]@K&:

9. B:L:N:I KMT'

10. PIJ] @PRBI! (1/G:) - L'.K- V]@DY:NID 0: P@3J]K:R

11. M]?]L: 1’ SI@SKMT

12. ^:&: 1’ @PRC@DYLG]K]

13. RCN: L].B:S/ PH]N'... (1/G:)

14. @PRV:S] MK?]L ENGLISH M'



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3. MH:K:@VY



MH:^:RT (1/G:) ------

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9@T?:N4 @S6)]KS/ Y1@KT %]SMHL SN KC%L, Y1!]@&W]R /TH] T.N

S]IH:SN BKSL4 [&] N:RDK 1GMN ^'L /TY J:Y, D'L@NH] KRB:K

Y@J3 J' R:JSBY KH:Y4

BJ:/L @DV:RK:S/ KM@K'/ SM:D PW:Y, KM@ KHL@NH] S^:

^VNM' 1B] KY, JR:SI! MG!K NR'% RHT GY Y:VT4

R:JSBY S6L NH] HLMY D'T T:VT4 BID] BN'LK R:J: LLKN]K'/

/’HR:Y, 1@KRM# /KR ^'L M?1R: PR B@$$ , H:R] @DV:RK: R:J!:N] BN:/L J:Y 4

Y1!]@&W]R B:T S1NKT ^'L?] HT:S SN, ^]M "R@RJ1N 1%:

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@K&@TR]Y-!@RM "R*] %@TR1K' V%M' KRY, KM@,"R@RJ1N-^]M SIG

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@BR:@HM# V'%!:R] R:JG]RK @PR:C]R L:/I@DR@PR@S?



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R:J: S^K @PR@S?M' BJ:H]4 R:J: LLKN] K'/ DY SM1C]T K:@RYK

^:R, ^]@&M-@DRL#K'/ Y@J3-N]R]@KK D'L @PR^:R4 KM@ V]@PR

CR#-!LB:K L'L@NH] K:J 4 H@ST]N:P1RS/ ^]@&M, @DRL#K SIG ^'L

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1@RY: 1’ /KR P]T:MH] 1’ M:Y4 /’ M:YK SIG NH] 1B] "RSGR' 1YL

*L]H4 .BB K:R], D1BR-P:TR, 1V@%YKT:S/ B'%] "RN1%:S]T 1’

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1’ S:S1 @DV:R: ^'L *L4 G@PPL KRB:M' /’ N]K *L]H 1’ J:>T-

J:>T KH] G'L]H, J' HMR: S^ "RH:/K SS1RK K]R:Y:D:R *], 1’

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M:/ MN: K\L@NH] "R*]4 K:R# P1*L: PR GP "R@NW: D'L@NH]4



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G'L@NH] 1’ "RN1K@MP:K 1!:R PR /KR M:YK'/ NCKR] ^')] G'LKK4

1B /’S^ @KYL P)N:M' RHKT *?]4 T *L]4 \K): S:R] RH?], H1NKR B:T S'HL MLN Pड़L4 \K GL) Y1VKK V]&YM' 1@RY: KHKT *L], J' /KR SIG]K'/ HL>T

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J' U’ Y1VK /KR:S/ NH] VR@N 1@RY:S/ @PR'M KRKT *L4 HM

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HLYT4 M1D: /’ KHL@NH], J' NH] YC4 B@$$ ^:V1K "R*] 1@RY:4

KHKT "R*] J' /H] Y1VKK' @PR:@PT KRB:K H'T1 K]*1/ KRT4 \H]

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B:TK 1B MH@T@TV B"]] G'L *L4 HM 6LN DLB:R: LG'LH1/4 PT:

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@PR:@PNLT]4 \VM'V S:M@R@?YV:@N P1R1&, @SV@SY @PRY@TN'N \V

"R@TY@NTI PDI @PR:@PT1M %@KNLT]4



P@DY ( GJ'@N@DR W:K1R)

C)K: C@3CT] NM@TYT] 9@$$YT] 1K:%'4 RCYT] N]$I C)K: VM@K&'

1K:%'4

NGRI @GR:MI @K&'@TRI @^RMT] C)K: 1K:%'4 1H:RI @PR:@PNLT]

1G@C*T] S:YI DM@%)V:, N KLL:HLI KRLT] G:YT] S: C)K:4

KLH, KRLT] N C)K: T@TR M@!Y' 1K:%', KLH, N KRLT] C)K: C

@K&'@TR' GMH M@!Y'4

------------------------------------------------

NMLNM,4 ^VT:I S@RV'&:@M "RP] @SV:GT@M4

JL@M 1V@%YK@M4

K:6] 1V@%YK@M4

M:@ST14

C:Y@M 1V@%YK@M4

M:@ST14 M:@ST14 P@RY:@PT,4

K]@M 1V@%YK@M4 JL@M 1V@%YK@M4

K]IC]@T 1V@%YK@M4

1@M4

P1N, K]IC]@T 1V@%YK@M4 !N@M 1V@%YK@M4 C:KL'H, 1V@%YK,4

M]@&):@NN@M M!1R@M 1V@%YK@M4 %]@K@M 1V@%YK@M4 M:@ST14

SI@SKMT@M 1V@%YKI V:4 1V@%YK@M4 T:$NI M:@ST14 V@S@TRI !NI

1V@%YK@M4 @DV'&, KLL:HL, M:@ST14 "RHI ^VT, Y1TKI DD:M]4

S@RV' VDIT14 CT1@RV'D@SY Y1TK@M4 ^V:N Y1TK@M4 MM Y1TK@M4

VDT14 ^VT, Y1TK@M4 ^VT, N:S]K:4 SM]C]N@M4 S1N]T'4 ^VT]



1G@C*T14 "RHI ^V@TY:, 1^BI VD:M]4 ^VT] M@M 1^BI VDT14

^V@NT, S1N]T:Y:, 1^B@M >T] VD@NT14 ^V@TY:, D:N]I VYI BH1VCN@SY "R@^Y:SI

K1@RM,4 *:@TR,- *:@TR:,4 DITKB@RC,-DITKB@RC:4

9@TTM@M4 C%K,- C%K:,4 B:LK,- B:LK:,4 SKN]K,- SKN]K:,4

VM@K&,- VM@K&:,4 %]@KTV@RT]K:- %]@KTV@RT]K:,4 P')]K:-

P')]K:,4 9@TP]W]K:- 9@TP]W]K:,4 L'.N]- L'.@NY,4 "R@+KN]-

"R@+K@NY,4



>D:N]@M \K@M "R@^Y:SI K1@RM,4

B:L]K:, S@NT]4 B:LK:, S@NT]4 B:LK, \KVCNI V:@KYI VDT]4

B:L]K:, BH1VCNI RBPI VD@NT14T@SY V:@KY@SY BH1VCN RBPI

VDT]4

B:L]K:, \KVCNI V:@KYI VDT]4 B:LK:, PR]V@R@TTN@NT]4 "R@ST1

V:4 "R@ST14 P1@STK@M "R@ST]4P1@STK:N] S@NT]4 L'.N] "R@ST]4

L'K@#Y:, S@NT]4



@%R:VN KM@ PICM] (N:G PICM]S/) @PR:R@M^ ^’ KY @%R:VN

%1@KL TMT]Y: P@RY@NT N]C:/K "RR]PN PR V]^]@NN N:GK PBJ:

K\L J:>T "R*], 1’ VM@D!: LLKN] \H] "RVSR PR K?: S'HL KHKT

*?]4 NV VR-V!BK'/ SIG BKS: KY PBJ:K SM:PN HL>T "R*]4 >>

"RR]PN DB): M'N:-P:T 1’ PBJ: KRYB:L]K D1NB D]%] ^BM] PR

BN:/L J:>T "R*]4 V:M P:T PR 101 S@RP]#] S]NBR 1’ K:JRS/ 1’

DH]N K:TK P:T PR 101 S@RP]#] P]W:RS/ BN:/L J:>T "R*]4 V:M

K:TK S@RPK M1.]Y: K1S1M:VT] 1’ DH]N K:TK VCRS N:GK PBJ:

HL>T "R*]4 M'N: P:TM' S@RP V%]KR# %@K@TT] HL>T "R*]4 SIGM'

SB@RY C@N@DR GCR, S:W] 1’ NV@GRHK C]@TR S'HL L].L J:>T

"R*]4

8. SIG]T %]@K&:

%1@D! @SVR T.N HL>T "R*], J.N S:TL @SVR "RPN N]@%C]T @S?:N

PR RHKT "R*]4 \H] S:TL PR KLNL C'@NH NH] HL>T "R*]4



J.N %1@D! @SVR "RPN @S?:NS/ N]C:/ RHKT "R*] T/ KLML KHL

J:>T "R*], 1’ I C:R]): HL>T "R*] \H]M' N]C:/ @K&KT]J C'@NH

D'L J:>T "R*], Y?:- R'◌,॒ G◌॒, !◌॒, N]◌॒4

%1@D! 1’ M@!YM @SVR J.N "RPN @S?:NS/ UPR J:>T "R*], T.N I

T]@VR @SVR KH:>T "R*], \H]M' UPR 9@R@!V:!R C'@NH D'L J:>T

"R*]4 I \K'): "R*]- M◌॑4 \VM @PRK:R' S:T ): %1@D! Y?:- S:,R',G, M, P, !, N], C:R]):

%1@D! Y?:- R'◌॒,G◌॒,!◌॒,N]◌॒ 1’ \K): T]@VR Y?: M◌॑ S^ M]L: KY १२ ): @SVR ^'L4 \H]M' @SP@&) "R*] J' S: 1’ P "RCL "R*], %'& CL K]IV:

V]KMT4

1B 6'R K]BL@R$ PR 1U4 37 ): K] BL: K]BL@R$ HM \H] H'T1

KHN' C:LH1/,K]\K T/ 12, 12, 12 K'R T]N S') 1, "RIT]M 37M

T]@VR S:I K'R H'T14

S@PTK M' S:T): %1@D! 1’ P:/C): V]KMT M]L: KY 12 ): ^'L!

V:M K:TS/ 12 ): 9JR: 1’ K:R] K] MI@DR S@PTK, B]C BL: 12 ):

K] M@!Y S@PTK 1, 25 S/ 36 !R] K] T:R S@PTK KHL J:>T "R*]4

1RLH- N]C:/ S/ UPR G'N:>, J'N: MI@DR S@PTKS/ M@!Y S@PTK 1’

M@!Y S@PTKS/ T:R S@PTK4

MI@DR S@PTKM' N]C:/ B]@ND1, M@!Y S@PTK S:M:@NY 1’ T:R

S@PTKM' UPR B]@ND1 D'L J:>T "R*], Y?:-



S◌�, R◌�,G◌�,M◌�,P◌�,!◌�,N◌� S:,R',G,M,P,!,N] S:I,R'I,GI,MI,PI,!I,N]I

"RVRLH- T:RS/ M@!Y 1’ M@!YS/ MI@DR K'/ "RVRLH KHL J:>T

"R*]4

V:D] @SVR- J:H] @SVRK S^S/ B'%] @PRYLG R:GM' HL>T "R*]4

SMV:D] @SVR- JKR @PRYLG V:D]K B:D S^S/ B'%] HL>T "R*]4

"RN1V:D] @SVR- V:D] 1’ SMV:D] @SVRK B:D %'& @SVR4 V@R@JY

@SVR- J:H] @SVRK @PRYLG KLNL V]%'& R:GM' NH] HL>T "R*]4

PKड़- J:H] @SVRK SM1D:YS/ KLNL R:G V]%'&K'/ C]@NHKT *]4

("RN1V@RTT')

9. B:L:N:I KMT'

R:J: SLH'S



R:J: SLH'S S1@NDR 1’ V]R *L:H4 MLRIG N'P:LM' RHKT *L:H4 /’

D1S:! J:T]K *L:H 1’ DBN: N:MK MLRIG R:J:K M:L]N SLH'SS/

@PR'M KRKT *L]4 R:JK VK@DY /KR:S/ @PR'M KRKT *L:H 1’ DBN:K

"R@SV]KMT]S/ /’ 1@TMH@TY: K\ L'L@NH]4 SLH'S *L:H MLRIGK

T:L1KD:R NCRIG] BH:D1R ?:P:K S]P:H]4 SL'HS *L:H MLNK R:J:4

S^K'/ V]P@TT]M' SH:YT: DKT RH?]4 T:H] @DV:R' DBN: D]%]

H1NKR KLNL @!Y:N NH]I *L@NH]4 S^ H1NK: R:J: KHKT *L@NH],

S' /’ T:L1KD:RK'/ PS]@NN NH]I Pड़L4 \K D]N DRB:RM' /’ SLH'SK'/ P1*LK- "RH:/K N:M K]? SLH'S KHL@NH]- HMR N:M *]

R:J: SLH'S4 T.N ?:P: KHLK@NH], J' "RH:/ "RPN N:MM' R:J:

NH]I LG:U4 SLH'S KH@L@NH], J' I PDV] *], JN @DV:R: D'L

PDV]4 KLN: *Lड़B \KR:4 HM:R: CLड़]YL D'B LLK T/ KHB' KRT4T.N ?:P: KHLK@NH] J' LLKK'/ MN: K’ D]YCK4 SLH'S KHL@NH] J'

LLKK'/ KLN: MN: KRBKK4 LLKK MLN J' /’ KKR: K] BJ:/T4 N]KL]

G'L:H SLH'S /TYS/4 1B NH] N]MHT I NLKR]4 1> KHKT "R*] N:M

*Lड़Y L'L, K:@LH] K]*1 1R KHT4 P]T]YCT BH]N RHKT *L@NH] M1IG'RM'4 BH]NL> R:J DR^IG:K NLKR]M' *L:H4 \@MHR K1SM]

DBN:K'/ KH] D'LK J' SLH'S J:’ RHL "R*] MLRIG *Lड़] KY4 DBN: *L] [email protected]:S/ TI@TR-MI@TR S].N'4 KHLK /’ SLH'SK'/ J'

HM R:J:K DRB:RM' S:T SY S]P:H]K SRD:R CBHड़MLK'/ H)B: K’ "RH:/K'/ SRD:R BN: D'B4 SKH ^'L4 Bड़K: JLS: D'LK DBN:, G'LK G]T- RC S1RH:, B:RH BRS TLR: L'L 1/CR B@NHLC/4

M1D:, K'LK CLR] CBHड़ML, CLR'LK NC L:.K R:N]K H:R 1’ N1K: D'LK SLH'SK /*KNM'4 R:J:K'/ KHLK CBHड़ML J' SLH'SK



*Lड़] D'L G'L 1’ /KR /HD: B"]: D'L G'L4 CBHड़MLK'/ ^'LKK J'L4 DBN: 1’ SLH'S V]V:H K\ .1%]S/ RHY LGL:H4

10. PIJ] @PRBI!

@%R] V]@DY:N@ND 0: P3]K:R ‘MLHNJ]’ P@#$11, TTKL,

KKRCड़(M!1BN]), R%:"]Y(PB@R#]Y:), %]VNGR ("RRR]Y:) 1’ S@M@PRT] PB@R#]Y:4 P]T: L@B! !CT P@3J]%:@S@TR M:@R@TT@#$

P@3J]K:R MLD:N@ND 0:, %]VNGR, "RRR]Y:, PB@R#]Y:

P1N@%C S@PTS]@N!1 S/ @PR:@CY:^]M1.] Y:Y:VR [&] LLKN] GIG:

/’ H]M:LYK M@!YK S1^BM] M]?]L:M' J:H] 1@RYSI@SKMT]K B]J-

VPN K\L, TKR MBL *L !@RM, !@RMK MBL ?]K J:T], I J:T] HLYT

\H] J@NMK V]%1@D!]S/, J@NMS/ V]%1@D! SIT:N HL>T "R*] T.N

J.N V]V:HK "R!]K:R J:H] K@NY:S/ HL TKRH]S/ V]V:H K\L:

9@TTR @PR:@PT SIT:N 1@RY J:T]K V]V:HK N]YM S^ S@RV@PR?M

N]BI!]T ^'L V]^]@NN @SMMT] S^M'4 MH:N @SMMT]K:R MN1 /’

Y:@J3V@L@KYK "RN1S:R /H] K@NY:S/ V]V:HK "R!]K:R HL J'- 1.

SM:N GL@TRK NH] HL?], 2. SM:N @PRVRK NH] HL?], 3. M:>K

SP]@#$ NH] HL?],

4. P]T:K SP]@#$ NH] HL?],

5. P]T:M "R?V: M:T:MHK SIT:N NH] HL?], 6. KWM:MK SIT:N NH]

HL?]4

\H] VKV:H]K "R!]K:RK N]@&P:DN:@R? KMS/ KM MN1 /’

Y:@J3V@L@KYK SMYS/ T N]@%CY' LLK "RPN ‘ Y:VTL PR]CY’ @SVYI

"RPNH] R.KT 1B] RHL *L, M1D: P@%C:TK Y1GM' I @PRVM@TT]

SM:@PT@PR:Y ^’ G'L4 V]V:HK H'T1 VR /’ K@NY:K S@MPB@R# PR]CY

T/ 1V@%YK' *L, J' 1NH1 !:@RM]K SI@SK:RK H'T1 SP]@#$@T@TVK



V]C:R V]V:HK "RT]R]@KT @%R:@D! /’ "R%CC @PR^MT]"RH1M'

1V@%YK HL>T *L, \H] K:R#'/ @PR:GKT]H:S]K K:LH]S/ LLK "RPN

S:IGLP:IG PR]CY R.KT *L4 /’ /KRH] "RN1S:R "RPN !:@RM]K

@KR]Y:K N]@&P:DN KRKT RH\4 I N]YM S^ HMR: LLKN]K @PR:C]NTM

!@RM@GRI? S^M' 9PL@B! "R*]4 @SMMT] S^M' KHL G'L "R*], J'

JN]K:S/ V]V:HK "R!]K:R NH] HL S' @SVJN: ^'L]H4 @SVJN:S/

V]V:HLPR:IT @PR:@PT SIT:N C:@#$:L BB0L J:>T *L4 /’

1@RY@TVK M@RY:D:S/ BH]@&KMT M:NL J:>T *L4

("RN1V@RTT')

11. M]?]L: 1’ SI@SKMT

K:M'@%VRS]IH DR^@+G: SI@SKMT V]@%VV]@DY:LY @DV:R:

@TRKM:S]K] SI@SKMT P@TR]K: ‘ V]@%VMN]&:’ N]KLKT *L4 1975 I.

S/ 1994 I. !R] I P@TR]K: @PRK:%]T HL>T RHL, M1D: 14 V@R&S/

\KR @PRK:%N BID "R*]4 H]@ND]M' M]?]L:K >T]H:SK "RT]R]@KT

S:T .@#$M' MK?]L]K PR@MPR:GT N:)KK ( 1300 I. S/ 1900I.

!R]K 16 ): N:)K)@PRK:%N K\L G'L *L4 MK?]L]M' PI GLV]@ND 0:

L].]T V:T:VR# N:)KK SI@SKMT "RN1V:D @%R] PI %%]N:? 0:

K\L@NH] 1’ TKR: V]@%VV]@DY:LY @PRK:%]T K\LK4 ‘ @SMMT]-

S:H@SR]’ J' 20M %T:@BD]K V]@DV:@N-S:!KK J]VN PR 1!:R]T

@PR?M MK?]L] MH:K:@VY "R*], 1’ JKR RCY]T: @%R] B1@D!]!:R]

S]IH’RM:KR’ *?] K'R @PRK:%N S'HL V]@%VV]@DY:LY K\N' "R*]4

RBPK SM1@CCY, N:MK P1@STKM' C:R] GL) RBPK "R*]4 \H] M'

C:R]M SI@SKMT RBPK M.M."RMR'@%VR KMT !B@R@TTV]$@MBN

@PRHSN@M MK?]L] "RN1V:DK SID'L G'L "R*]4 M.M. ^VN:?

9P:@!Y:YK R:JN]T]S:R, S'HL MK?]L] "RN1V:DK SIG D'L G'L

"R*]4



SI@PRT] V]@%VV]@DY:LYK K:@RY S:LM' \KB'R PIC:+ BN'B: !R]

S]M]T B10:>T "R*]4

12. ^:&: 1’ @PRC@DYLG]K]

D'VN:GR] L].B:M' BR:H 1>.\M.I. K'R YLGD:N V]%]@&) "R*]4

\H]M' SI@SKMTK 9D:@TT , "RN1D:@TT 1’ @SVR]T K'R SIG'

B]K:R], D'VN:GR] "RIK 1’ SIG]TK NL)'%N L].B:K S1V]!: "R*]4

V]D'HK SIG]T %]@K&: @STI^ B]N: \KR SHYLGK SI^V NH] *L4

MI@DR S@PTK, T]@VR 1’ KLML @SVRK NL)'%N \H]M' "R*]4 [,ॠ 1’ ऌ,ॡ 1’ ऍ, ऎ "R, ^ HL@NTK B:D "R"RR JL@$B:K S1V]!: \H]M' S1V]!: *KK4 "RN1D:@TT K◌॒ 9D:@TT K◌॑ 1’ @SVR]T K◌ ॓S'HL 9PL@B! "R*]4

I V]@S):M' S'HL K:@RY KRKT "R*]4 1’ YBN]KL$ 6XI)M' RHB:K

K:R# >I)RN') PR PWN]Y "R*]4 V]D'HK S@MM1. PM@&W PR

D'VN:GR]S/ SIBI!]T T]N): L]IK R:.L G'L "R*]4 PH]L DB ):

L]IK PR J:NK:R]K SIG SX@6)V'YR $:9ILL$K L]IK "R*]4 T'SR

L]IK PR ऑNL:>N T:>P]IGK S1V]!: "R*], \TY ):>P K’ KY KXP] KY V@R$ $L@KY1M'I)M' P'@S) K\ SKKT *] K]IV: IM'LM' SL0'

):>P K'L:K BDL: \TYS/ KXP] KY P'@S) K\ SKKT *]4

("RN1V@RTT')

13. RCN: L].B:S/ PH]N'...

MK?]L] "RK:DM], P)N: @DV:R: N]@R!:R]T MK?]L] L'.N-%KL]

1. J' %@BD MK?]L]-S:H]@TYK @PR:C]N K:LS/ 1> !R] J:H]

V@R@TTN]M' @PRCL]T "R*], S' S:M:@NYT, T:H] V@R@TTN]M' L].L

J:Y- 9D:HR#:@R?-



@GR:@HY

"R@GR:@HY

\.N "R.N,"R.N],\.'N,"R.N]

W:M W]M:,W]N:,WM: JKR,TKR

J'KR, T'KR TN]KR

T]NKR4(VKK@LP]K RBP'/ @GR:@HY) "R*]

E*, "RH], \4

2. N]@MNL].]T T]N @PRK:RK RBP VK@KLP]KTY: "RPN:/L J:Y: ^

G'L, ^Y G'L V: ^\ G'L4 J: RHL "R*], J:Y RHL "R*], J:\ RHL

"R*]4 KR’ G'L:H, V: KRY G'L:H V: KR\ G'L:H4

3. @PR:C]N MK?]L]K ‘@NH’ @!VN]K @S?:NM' ‘N’ L].L J:Y SKKT

"R*] Y?: KHLN] V: KHL@NH]4

4. ‘E’ T?: ‘O’ TTY L].L J:Y JT’ @SP@&)T, ‘"R>’ T?: ‘"R9’

SDM% 9@CC:R# >@&) HL4 Y?:- D'.KT, *LKK, BC1, *CK >@TY:D]4

5. MK?]L]K N]@MNL].]T %@BD \H] RBP' @PRY1@KT HLYT:

JKH,SKH,>\H,/EH,LKH T?: DKH4

6. @H@R@SV >K:R:IT %@BDM' ‘>’ K' L1@PT KRB S:M:@NYT,

"R@GR:@HY ?]K4 Y?:- @GR:@HY D'.] 1BH, M:L]N] G'L] (MN1@&Y

M:@TRM')4

7. @SVTI@TR @HR@SV ‘\’ V: ‘Y’ @PR:C]N MK?]L]K 9@D!R#

1D]M' T/ Y?:VT R:.L J:Y, K]IT1 1!1N]K @PRYLGM' VKK@LP]K

RBP'/ ‘\’ V: ‘Y’ L].L J:Y4 Y?::- KYL V: K\L, "R\L:H V:

"RYL:H, J:\ V: J:Y >@TY:D]4

8. 9@CC:R#M' DB @SVRK B]C J' ‘Y’ @!VN] @SVT, 1B] J:>T

"R*] TKR: L'.M' @S?:N VKK@LP]K RBP'/ D'L J:Y4 Y?:- !]1,

"R"]K1, V]1H, KC1 V: !]Y:, "R"]KY:, B]Y:H4



9. S:N1N:S]K @SVTI@TR @SVRK @S?:N Y?:SI^V ‘3’ L].L J:Y V:

S:N1N:S]K @SVR4 Y?::- MK3:, KN]3:, K]RTN]3: V: MK1/,

K]N]1/, K]RTN]1/4

10. K:RKK V]^@K@TT]K N]@MNL].]T RBP @GR:@HY:- H:?K'/,

H:?S/, H:?'/, H:?K, H:?M'4 ’M'’ M' "RN1@SV:R S@RV?: @TY:@JY

?]K4 ‘K’ K VKK@LP]K RBP ‘K'R’ R:.L J: SKKT "R*]4

11. PB@RVK:L]K @KR]Y:PDK B:D ‘KY’ V: ‘K\’ "R@VYY VKK@LP]K

RBP'/ LG:/L J: SKKT "R*]4 Y?::- D'.] KY V: D'.] KY4

12. M:/G, ^:/G 1D]K @S?:NM' M:+, ^:+ >@TY:D] L].L J:Y4

13. "R@R@D! ‘N’ / "R@R@D! ‘M’ K BDL: "RN1S:R NH] L].L J:Y,

K]IT1 *:P:K S1V]!:@R? "R@R@D! ‘+’ , ‘3’, T?: ‘#’ K BDL:

"RN1@SV:RL L].L J: SKKT "R*]4 Y?::- "R@+K, V: "RIK, "R@3CL

V: "RICL, K@#$ V: KIW4

14. HLIT C]@HN N]YMT, LG:/L J:Y, K]IT1 V]^@KT]K SIG

"RK:R:IT @PRYLG K\L J:Y4 Y?::- @%R]M:@N, K]IT1 @%R]M:NK4

15. S^ \KL K:RK C]@HN %@BDM' S): K’ L].L J:Y, H): K’ NH]

SIY1@KT V]^@KT]K H'T1 6R:K L].L J:Y, Y?:



("RN1V@RTT')

14. @PRV:S] MK?]L ENGLISH M'

KING VIDEHA OF MITHILA HAD HIS COUNSELLOR

MAHOSADHA.MITHILA WAS INVADED BY SUDHANVAN, KING OF

SANKAIYA, AND MUCH LATER BY CHULANI BRAHMADATTA AND

KEWATTA, KING OF KAMPILA BOTH WERE DEFEATED BY SIRADHVAJA

AND VIDEHA, RESPECTIVELY. JATAKA STORY OF KING VIDEHA AND

MAHOSADHA,COMMANDER. SECRET SERVICE REPORTED DAILY

,EMPLOYED A HUNDRED AND ONE SOLDIERS IN AS MANY

CITIES,EMPLOYED PARROTS ALSO, GREAT RAMPART,WATCHTOWERS,

AND BETWEEN THE WATCTOWERS,THREE MOATS, WATER,MUD AND A

DRY MOAT. IN CITY OLD HOUSES WERE RESTORED AND LARGE BANKS

WERE DUG MADE WARTER-RESERVOIRS AND GRAIN STORE-HOUSES.

THE SIEGE OF MITHILA AND THE GREAT TUNNEL HAVE BEEN

DESCRIBED IN THE JATAKA.THE WEAPONS INCLUDED,RED-HOT

MISSILES,JAVELINS,ARROWS,SPEARS AND LANCES,AND SHOWERS OF

MUD AND STONE. THE SOCIETY CONSISTED OF BRAHMANAS,

KSHATRIYAS, VAISYAS. SIRIVADDHA, FATHER OF MAHOSADHA WAS

AN IMPORTANT MERCHANT OF MITHILA. THE CHANDALA IS ALSO

REFERRED.A HAWK CARRIED OFF A PIECE OF FLESH FROM THE SLAB

OF A SLAU¬GHTER-HOUSE. A DOG FED UPON THE BONES, SKINS OF

THE ROYAL KITCHEN. THERE WAS A TYPE OF EDUCATION AND LATER

VIDEHA STUDENTS WENT TO TAKSHSILA FOR

EDUCATION,E.G.PINTGUTTARA. KAHODA KAUSHITAKI WAS MARRIED

TO THE DAUGHTER OF HIS TEACHER UDDALAKA ARUNI. SUKA

VISITED MITHILA TO ACQUIRE WISDOM. SRUTADEVA WAS A GREAT

SCHOLAR OF PRE-BHARATA ERA. AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE-REARING

WAS IN VOGUE AND YAJUR-VEDA MENTIONS FAMOUS COWS OF

VIDEHA.KING VEDEHA GAVE A THOUSAND COWS AND A BULL TO

MAHASODHA. THERE WAS A PLACE WHERE FOREIGN MERCHANTS

SHOWED THEIR GOODS. GOODS FROM MAGADHA AND KASI WERE

IMPORTED. THE CONCHES OF MAGADHA,KASI-ROBE AND SINDH MARES

WERE FAMOUS.KRISHNA VISITED MITHILA TO SEE HIS DEVOTEES

SRUTADEVA AND BAHULASHVA.THE MAHABHARATA SAYS THAT



SHALIGRAMA IS ANOTHER NAME OF VISHNU, SHALIGRAMA WORSHIP

BEGUN. JANAKPUR HAD FOUR GATES WERE FOUR MARKET TOWNS

DISTINGUISHED AS EASTERN, SOUTHERN, WESTERN AND NORTHERN.

THERE WAS A REVIVAL OF MITHILA AFTER BHARATA WAR WHICH

LASTED FOR MORE THAN TWO CENTURIES AND IN THIS PERIOD THE

FAMOUS SAGES OF THE BRAHMANAS, THE ARANYAKAS AND THE

UPANISHADS FLOUR¬ISHED. VAISHALI LOST ITS SIGNIFICANCE.

AFTER BHARATA WAR PERIOD THE PURANAS FURNISH GENEALO¬GIES

OF PAURAVAS(HASTINAPURA-KOSAMBI), THE IKSHVAKUS (KOSALA)

AND THE BARHADRATHAS (MAG ADHA).THE NAMES OF THE KINGS OF

VIDEHA IA AVAILABLE IN THE JATAKAS.THE UPANISHADS MENTION

ONE RULER KNOWN AS JANAKA VIDEHA.VIDEHA HAS BEEN OMITTED

IN THE SIXTEEN MAHAJANAPADA AVAILABLE IN THE BUDDHIST WORK

AIGUTTARA-NIKAYA WHERE WE HAVE VAJJI.KARALA JANAKA

PERISHED ALONG WITH HIS KING-DOM AND RELATIONS. KASI WAS

CONQUERED BY KOSALA AND ANGA BY MAGADHA. THE VAJJI

ESTABLISHED THEIR REPUBLIC BEFORE THE KOSALA CONQUEST OF

KASI AND THE MAGADH CONQUEST OF ANGA.MALL, THE PENULTIMATE

SOVEREIGN OF THE JANAKA DYNASTY OF VIDEHA, ADOPTED THE

FAITH OF THE JAINA PARSVA, THE FIRST HISTORICAL JAINA 250

YEARS BEFORE MAHAVIRA(561BC-490BC).BETWEEN BHARAT WAR

CIRCA.950 BC AND KARALA JANAKA CIRCA 725 B.C VIDEHA

MONARCHY FLOURISHED.

SURUCHI GROUP CONSISTING OF SURUCHI I, SURUCHI II SURUCHI

III AND MAHAPADMANADA.

JANAKA GROUP CONSISTING OF MAHAJANAKA I, ARITTHA¬JANAKA,

POLAJAHAK, MAHAJANAKA II AND DIGHAVU.THEN A GROUP OF TWO

KINGS SADHINA AND NARADA AND THEN NIMI AND KARALA(FATHER

AND SON).MAKHADEVA IS REGARDED AS THE FOUNDER OF MITHILA

MONARCHY.

ANGATIS WAS RIGHTEOUS KING,HAD A DAUGHTER NAMED RAJA. HIS

MINISTERS WERE VIJAYA, SUNAMA AND ALATA. NARADA SET HIM TO

RIGHT PATH AFTER THE INFLUENCE HE GOT FROM THE HERETICAL



TEACHINGS OF A NAKED GUNA KASSAPA. PURANA KASSAPA AND

MASKARI GOSALA WERE THE CONTEMPORARIES OF BUDDHA, THUS,

GUNA KASSAPA FLOURISHED ROUND 6TH CENTURY B.C. CHULANI

BRAHMADATTA OF KAMPILYA CONQUERED 101 PRINCES OF INDIA AND

ONLY VIDEHA HAD BEEN LEFT. THERE IS REFERENCE THAT

GANDHARA KING AND THE VIDEHA KING MET AND MYSTIC

MEDITATION WAS TAUGHT TO VIDEHA KING BY GANDHARA

KING.THERE WERE LAND OWNERS AND ALARAS IS MENTIONED IN

THIS REGARD.THE VEDIC TEXTS MENTION UDDALAKA AND SVETAKETU

AS BELONGING TO THE AGE OF JANAKA OF VIDEHA. THE JATAKAS

MENTION THESE TWO SCHOLARS CONNECTED WITH BANARAS.FOR

MAHAPANADAVISVAKARMAN, ENGINEER, CONSTRUCTED A PALACE

SEVEN STOREYS HIGH WITH PRECIOUS STONES. MAHAJANAKA II WAS

BROUGHT UP BY HIS MOTHER IN THE HOUSE OF A BRAHMANA

TEACHER AT KALACHAMPA AND AFTER FINISHING HIS EDUCATION

AT16 SAILED FOR SUVARNABHUMI ON A COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE,

IN ORDER TO GET MONE TO RECOVER THE KINGDOM OF VIDEHA. THE

SHIP PERISHED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE OCEAN. HE MANAGED TO

REACH MITHILA, WHERE THE THRONE HAD BEEN LYING VACANT

SINCE THE DEATH OF POLAJANAK, HIS UNCLE, WHO HAD LEFT A

MARRIAGEABLE DAUGHTER SIVALIDEVI AND NO SON. MAHAJANAKA II

WAS NOW MARRIED TO THIS PRINCESS AND RAISED TO THE THRONE.

HE LATER RENOUNCED THE WORLD. A REMARKABLE FEATURE OF THE

CHARACTER OF MAHAJANAKA II WAS HIS SPIRIT OF RENUNCIATION.

HE GIVES UTTERANCE TO A FAMOUS VERSE :¬ ‘WE HAVE NOTHING

OWN MAY LIVE WITHOUT A CARE MITHILA PALACES MAY

BURN,NOTHING MINE IS BURNED . MAHAJANAKA-JATAKA IS

SCULPTURED ON A RAILING OF THE BHARHUT STUPA HAVING

INSCRIPTION : THE ARROWMAKER, KING JANAKA, QUEEN

SIVALI.NIMI AND KALARA ARE MEN¬TIONED IN

BUDDHIST,BRAHMANICAL AND JAINA LITERATURE. UGRASENA JANAKA

REVIVED THE GREATNESS OF MITHILA. ASHTAVAKRA SAIS AS ALL

OTHER MOUNTAINS ARE INFERIOR TO THE MAINAKA, AS CALVES ARE

INFERIOR TO THE OX, SO KINGS OF THE EARTH INFERIOR TO THE

KING OF MITHILA (UGRASENA). HE IS CALLED JANAKANA



VARISHTHA SAMRAT(MAHABHARATA),GREAT PERFORMER OF

SACRIFICES AND IS COMPARED WITH YAYATI. IN ONE SUCH YAGYA

ASHTAVAKRA, SON OF KAHODA AND SUJATA (DAUGHTER OF

UDDALAKA), ATTENDED AND ASHTAVAKRA DEFEATED VANDIN, SON OF

A CHARIOTEER AND GOT RELEASED HIS SON.PAURAVA PRINCE,

SATANIKA, THE SON OF JANAMEJAYA, WAS A VAIDEHI. SATHNIKA

MARRIED THE DAUGHTER OF UGRASENA JANAKA WHO SOUGHT TO

ENHANCE HIS INFLUENCE BY MEANS OF THIS MATRIMONIAL

ALLIANCE. DEVARATA II WAS CONTEMPORARY OF YAJNAVALKYA,

WHO TOOK THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ROYAL SACRIFICE WHERE A

QUARREL AROSE BETWEEN YAJNAVALKYA AND HIS MATERNAL UNCLE

VAISAMPAYANA AS TO WHO SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO TAKE THE

SACRIFICIAL FEE AND IN PRESENCE OF DEVALA, DEVARATA,

SUMANTA, PAILA AND JAIMINI YAJNAVALKYA TOOK HALF OF THAT.

DEVARATA I OBTAINED THE FAMOUS BOW OF SIVA. THE VEDIC

TEXTS MENTION FIVE VIDEHA KINGS,VIDEGHA MATHAVA, JANAKA

VAIDEHA, JANAKI AYASTHUNA, NAMI SEPYA AND PARA AHLARA.

JANAK AYASTHUNA IN THE BRIHADARANYAKA UPANISHAD IS SAID TO

BE PUPIL OF CHUDA BHAGAVITTI AND A TEACHER OF SATYAKAMA

JABALA. SATYAKAMA JABALA IS CONTEMPORARY OF JANAKA VAIDEHA

AND YAJNAVALKYA. AYASTHUNA WAS A GRIHAPATI OF THOSE WHOSE

ADHVARYU WAS SAULVAYANA AND TAUGHT THE LATTER THE PROPER

MODE OF USING CERTAIN SPOONS. SAYANA AYASTHUNA IS THE NAME

OF A RISHI. JATAK MENTIONS A CITY NAMED THUNA BETWEEN

MITHILA AND THE HIMALAYAS, A FAVOURITE RESORT OF

AYASTHUNA. JANAKPUR CORRES-PONDS EXACTLY WITH THE POSITION

ASSIGNED BY HIUEN TSANG THE CAPITAL OF VAJI. JANAKA

VAIDEHA IS KRITI JANAKA, SON OF BAHULASVA AND WAS

CONTEMPORARY OF JANAMEJAYA PARIKSHITA AND HIS SON

SATANIKA. YAJNAVALKYA AND KRITIS WERE THE DISCIPLES OF

HIRANYANABHA KAUSALYA. UDDALAKA ARUNI WAS APPROACHED BY

JANAMEJAYA PARIKSHITA TO BECOME HIS PRIEST. UTTANKA

INSTIGATED JANAMEJAYA TO EXTER¬MINATE THE NON-ARYAN SARPAS

BY BURNING THEM IN A SACRIFICE.UDDALAKA ARUNI WITH HIS SON

SVETAKETU ATTENDED THE SARPA SATRA OF JANAMEJAYA.

YAJNAVALKYA TAUGHT THE VEDAS TO SATANIKA, THE SON AND



SUCCESSOR OF JANAMEJAYA.KRITI, THE DISCIPLE OF

HIRANYANABHA, WAS THE SON OF A KING. JANAKA VIDEHA WAS A

CONTEMPORARY OF UDDALAKA ARUNI,YAJNA¬VALKYA, USHASTI

CHAKRAYANA. JANAKA VAIDEHA BROUGHT CENTRE OF POLITICAL

AND INTELLECTUAL GRAVITY FROM THE KURU COUNTRY TO

VIDEHA.THE ROYAL SEAT OF THE MAIN BRANCH OF THE KURU OR

BHARATA DYNASTY SHIFTED TO KAUSAMBI. AITAREYA BRAHMAN SAYS

THAT ALL KINGS OF THE ARE CALLED SAMRAT. SATAPATHA¬

BRAHMAN SAYS THAT THE SAMRAT WAS A HIGHER AUTHORITY THAN A

RAJAN AS BY THE RAJASUYA HE BECOMES RAJA AND BY VAJAPEYA

HE BECOMES SAMRAT.

THE KURU ¬PANCHALAS WERE CALLED RAJAN. JANAKA VAIDEHA’S WAS

A MASTER OF AGNIHOTRA SACRIFICE. YAJNAVALKYA LEARNT THE

AGNIHOTRA FROM THIS KING. YAJNAVALKYA VAJASANEYA, WHO WAS

A PUPIL OF UDDALAKA ARUNI.

S]@D!]R@ST1

मानुषीिमह स ंस्कृताम्may 05, 2009 · videhaिवदेह...

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