Aadhaar: A Platform to Transform Service Delivery

Unique Identification Authority of India

www.uidai.gov.in

Tampa, 20th September 2012

Agenda

• Context of UIDs and Mandate of UIDAI

• Features of UIDs (Aadhaar)

• Implementation Approach

• Status of Implementation

• Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar

• Service Delivery Architecture

• Some Application Examples

Context of UIDs in India

• Provision of a robust and reusable ID, especially to those who do not have one

• To clean up existing databases through Uniqueness : No duplicates or fakes

• Improve Targeting and Delivery of Services

• Reducing the cost of Services’ Delivery

UIDAI’s Mandate

• To provide Unique ID Numbers to all Residents

• Provide online, cost-effective, ubiquitous authentication services across country

• Define usage and applications of UID for delivery of various services

• Ensure ways of leveraging field level institutions in establishing linkages across partner agencies

Features of UIDs

Only Numbers – No Cards

Random Numbers – No Intelligence

Standard Attributes – No Profiling

All Residents – Including Children

Flexibility to Partners

Features Contd….

No Guarantees to Rights, Citizenship, Entitlements

Uniqueness – Ensured through biometric attributes

De-novo creation of database

Ubiquitous Authentication – anytime any where

Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information

Name Address Gender Date of birth

1 person1 number

How UIDs are made

Photo

Both

iris

10 finger-

prints

UIDAI will issue unique IDs …

Property of UIDAI - Highly confidential 8

UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218

UID Unique number Random number

Basic demographic data and

biometrics stored centrally

Central UID database

Standardized identity attributes

No duplicates(1:N check)

Flexibility to partners on Know

Your Resident (KYR)+

Name

Parents

Gender

DoB

PoB

Address

… and authenticate IDs online, real-time

9

UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218

Central UID database

1:1 check, no ID fraud

Only YES/NO response, no details – no invasion of privacy

Person can see self-details, no one else can

Authentication - ‘Are you

who you claim to be?’

Aadhaar Authentication at a Glance

= Yes **

OR No

*and/or – Single or multi-factor authentication

**Yes/No – Would enable service provider to take business decision

+ Demographics*

Name, Gender, DOB, Address..

One Time Password*

Biometrics 1:1 Match

1111 2222 3333

Aadhaar : An Online ID

Ration Card

Drivers License

Passport

PAN Card

NREGA Job card

Voter ID Card

• All current valid PoI/PoA documents issued for specific purposes and entitlements

• Used as PoI/PoA in the absence of a pure ID

• Requires manual authentication basis ‘What the user has’

• Is prone to duplicates, fakes, etc.

• Aadhaar is a pure ID issued by the Government to all residents

• Identity platform for leverage by multiple applications

• Portable Online ID can be used for Authentication anytime, anywhere

• Authentication on basis of ‘what the user is (biometrics) or knows (OTP )’

• Provides usage audit trail

UIDAI enrolls through Registrars

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Various registrars in the country can enroll residents

Working closely with RGI to leverage NPR initiative

UIDAI empanelled enrolment agencies can be used

Dat

a fl

ow

Over-arching Goals/Constraints

• Cost – we are not a rich country

• Scalability – we are 1.2 Billion!

• Speed – we can’t wait for 20 years

• Convenience to residents – it is for people

• Inclusive – poor need it most

• Best of technology - for the service of the poor

• Ensuring Uniqueness

Design Choices

• Existing databases vs de-novo

• Open Architecture – vs Custom Design

• Application vs Platform

• Minimalist vs Comprehensive

• Exclusive vs inclusive

• Controlled vs Eco-system based

• Standards vs Proprietary: Inter-operability and vendor neutrality

15

Implementation Status of UIDAI project

Issue of first Aadhaar

Targets

• 600 million residents by 2014

• RGI expected to cover remaining Population

Progress so far – Key Highlights

• Aadhaar launched by PM and UPA Chairperson on September 29, 2010 in Nandurbar district, Maharashtra

• More than 200 million enrolments covering almost all the states and UTs

• More than 190 million Aadhaars Generated

• A large eco-system of Registrars, Enrolment Agencies, Operators, Device Manufacturers/Suppliers, Certification Agencies and Operators developed

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Enrolment Kit

1 2

3

4 5 6

1

2

3

4

5

6

Item-wise description

Laptop with enrolment client

2nd monitor for live data verification by resident

Camera for photo capture

Iris scanner

Fingerprint slap scanner

Enrolment kit box

www.uidai.gov.in

Enrolment centre, Andhra Pradesh

Homeless, Nizamuddin, Delhi

Madhya Pradesh

Maharashtra

Enrolment in Maharashtra

Kerala

Puducherry

Enrolment centre in Jharkhand

Enrolment in Karnataka

www.uidai.gov.in

What is in a Number?

Service Delivery Potential o Aadhaar

Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar • Uniqueness and Existence ensures no fakes or duplicates

• Can become a unique and sufficient identifier for various Service Delivery programs:

– Opening of bank accounts and other financial products

– Getting pre-paid mobile connections

– Getting LPG Cylinder Connections,

• Various States, Central Entities have notified Aadhaar to be POI and POA for various programs

• Enables a resident-centric view of service delivery programs

Service Delivery potential due to Authentication

• All transactions start with proving your identity

• Aadhaar online authentication will provide a common platform which can be used across all applications.

• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary – non-transferability to be ensured

• This can be effectively done by authentication at the point of service delivery

• Many domains will be able to use as a proof of presence for the beneficiary

Aadhaar Authentication

• Authentication will enable Improvements in cost, efficiency and transparency in service delivery

– Tracking end to end service delivery process

– Move service delivery towards a demand driven, beneficiary led system

– Strengthen existing accountability/vigilance procedures

– Access to relevant MIS and empowerment of beneficiaries

Universal ID, valid all India

Interoperable platform for multiple

applications

Identity verifiable through mobile and

online

Anywhere authentication through demographics,

biometrics, or OTP

Only one number per person

6654 3212 9087

Can be linked to a bank a/c numbers,

mobile numbers, and other identifiers

Aadhaar : A flexible, national infrastructure

Types of Applications • Subscription to a New Service, Product. • Example: Mobile Connection, PDS Ration Card, Bank

Account

KYC, Database Cleanup

• Money Transfers, Consumer Banking • Example: NREGA wages, Pensions to bank accounts,

Micropayments

Transactions

• Attendance/Presence, Access to Location

• Example: NREGA Attendance, FPS beneficiary identity

Presence, Access Control

• Mechanism for linking Databases • Example: Credit Bureau, Medical Records

Aadhaar as a Unique ID

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Aadhaar platform for Banking

• Open Bank Accounts using Aadhaar

• Connect existing Bank Accounts Access (KYC)

• Transfer funds to the AE Accounts leveraging Aadhaar Payment Bridge (APB)

• Simplifies disbursal of funds – uses only one account for all disbursals

Address (APB)

• Aadhaar Enabled Payments System (AEPS) leveraging BC microATM network integrated with Aadhaar Authentication

• MicroATM enabled transactions - withdraw and deposit, Check balance, peer to peer transfers

• Inter-operable, portable anytime anywhere

Transactions (AEPS)

4. Authenticate

2. AADHAAR number, money

transfer instruction, biometrics

Convenient cash withdrawal

Resident

BC with Micro-ATM

Ram’s bank account

BC’s bank account

Interoperable Switch

1. Withdrawal request

3. Forward to switch

6. Debit

7. Credit

8. Inform: Call / SMS

9. Cash

UIDAI

5. Authorize

State Resident Data Hub (SRDH)

• Common Database with all resident records with Aadhaar numbers and KYR information. (from EID-UID mapping files)

• Single Source of Truth on Resident Data

Development of one single consolidated

Data Hub for the State

• Development of a framework for seeding of resident databases of the departments with Aadhaar number

• Development of Framework for departments to access resident data, as available in SRDH, and clean their own data

SRDH to have synchronization with

Department and Program Databases

• Institutional arrangements for ownership and management

• Nodal Department in State

• Managed Service Providers

• SRDH Nodal Department for Authentication Services to other Departments

Development of a State-wide Data

Governance Framework

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Application Adoption Status

Current Aadhaar Application Pilots

• Financial Inclusion Pilot in Jharkhand o Direct Payment in Bank Accounts and Banking transactions

o The wages of MGNREGA workers are being transferred directly into Aadhaar linked bank account of the beneficiaries

o Micro-ATM’s deployed in rural areas help the beneficiaries to easily access basic banking services such as Withdrawal, Deposit, Balance Enquiry, etc.

• LPG Delivery Pilot in Mysore : Direct transfer of subsidies o LPG cylinders being delivered by delivery boys to households after

Aadhaar biometric Authentication

o Authentication ensures that the subsidized cylinders reach the right beneficiary and is not diverted by distributors or delivery boys

o The second phase of Pilot would test the subsidy amount being directly transferred into the Aadhaar linked bank account of beneficiary so that there is no incentive for distributors and delivery boys to divert cylinders.

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Current Pilots

• 51 Districts identified to start payments pilot for social benefits delivery like MNREGA, Scholarships, National Social Assistance Programs

• Direct subsidy transfer for Kerosene subsidy started in Rajasthan

• Joint working Groups with Ministries and Applications support to States for other applications

Conclusion • Aadhaar is a development project with the

objectives of inclusion and to enable access to services

• Aadhaar has been designed as a Service Delivery Platform to make these deliveries cost effective, more accountable, transparent and to reduce last-mile leakages. Authentication enables achievement of all these objectives

• We believe that it will fundamentally transform the way we deliver services to our people.

Thank You