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In a case of vataja visarpa, the patient has the same type of

constitutional features as in vatajaa jwaram, inflammation, twitching, pins

and needles, tearing sensation, pain on movement and horripilation.

Pittaja visarpa(acute cellulitis)

The pittaja visarpa is rapidly spreading in character ,deep red incolour and the patient present with the constitutional features of pittaja

jwaram.

Kaphaja visarpa(chronic cellulitis with secondary fungal infection)

The kaphaja visarpa is associated with an itching sensation,is smooth

and the patient presents with the same constitutional features as in a case

of kaphaja jwaram.

Sannipataja visarpa

In a case of visarpa due to all the three dosas,mixed features of all of

them appear.

Agneya visarpa(Septicemia )

In agneya visarpa whih is due to (the joint vitiation of)vata and pitta,

the patient has fever, vomiting, attacks of swooning ,diarrhea, thirst,

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dizziness, splitting pain in the (regional) glands, diminished digestive

power, respiratory distress and anorexia.

The patient feels as if the whole body is covered with burning

charcoal.

All those very sites where the visarpa spreads, get quickly studded

with blisters as after a thermal burn and appear blackish, bluish or

reddish like an extinguished charcoal (Pyaemic abscesses).

On account of its fast spreading tendency, it quickly pervades into the

vital areas(marmans) as a result of which vata becomes

overwhelmingly powerful and gives rise to pain all over the body, loss

of consciousness, sleeplessness, dyspnoea and hiccough.

The patient, who has reached this stage, does not find relief by any

means.

He remains restless and attempts to lie down on the ground or sit or

adopt any other posture resulting in extreme agony, mental confusion

and bodily inactivity.

He(Ultimately) attains(eternal)sleep from which he cannot be

roused(Dies).

This condition is called agnivisarpa.

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Septicemia

Septicemia is the invasion of the bloodstream by virulent bacteria

that multiply and discharge their toxic products.

The disorder, which is serious and sometimes fatal, is commonly

known as blood poisoning.

The invasive organisms are usually streptococci or staphylococci

but may be any type of bacteria.

Septicemia occurs most often in older people who have underlying

disease that makes them more susceptible to the infection.

The primary causes of septicemia are infection within the walls of

the blood vessels, rapidly progressing tissue infections

(osteomyelitis, cellulitis), virulent systemic disease (meningitis,

typhoid), and local infections (abscess, carbuncle) that the defense

mechanisms of the body are unable to contain.

The microorganisms usually spread to other organs, such as the

lungs, liver, and brain.

Symptoms of septicemia are fever (usually quite high), chills, low

blood pressure, confusion, and rash; it often results in multiple

organ failure if not treated promptly with antibiotics.
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The diagnosis can be confirmed with blood cultures for the

organism or with blood tests for antibodies or high levels of white

blood cells.

Septicemia is the presence of bacteria in the blood (bacteremia)

and is often associated with severe infections.

Causes

Septicemia is a serious, life-threatening infection that gets worse

very quickly.

It can arise from infections throughout the body, including infections

in the lungs, abdomen, and urinary tract.

It may come before or at the same time rate. The person looks very

ill.

The symptoms rapidly progress to shock with fever or decreased

body temperature (hypothermia), falling blood pressure, confusion

or other changes in mental ood pressure, confusion or other

changes in mental status, and blood clotting problems that lead to a

specific type of red spots on the skin (petechiae and ecchymosis).

There may be decreased or no urine output.

Exams and Tests
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A physical examination may show:

Low blood pressure

Low body temperature or fever

Signs of associated disease (such as meningitis, epiglottitis,

pneumonia, orcellulitis)

Tests that can confirm infection include:

Blood culture

Blood gases

CBC

Clotting studies

PT

PTT

Fibrinogen levels

Culture of any suspect skin lesion

Platelet count

Urine culture

Outlook (Prognosis)

Prognosis depends on the organism involved and how quickly the

patient is hospitalized and treatment begins. The death rate is high --

more than 50% for some organisms.

Possible Complications

Septicemia can rapidly lead to adult respiratory distress syndrome

(ARDS), septic shock, and death.
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Septicemia associated with meningococci can lead to shock or

adrenal collapse (waterhouse- friderichsen syndrome)

Granthi visarpa (Bubonic plague)

When vata is obstructed by kapha, it spreads the kapha in many

directions,or else in persons with increased rakta(blood).

It vitiates the rakta located in the skin, blood vessels, sinews and the

muscles thereby producing a chain of big or small, round thick or

rough glandular swellings with redness, severe pain and fever.

The condition is also associated with dyspnoea, cough, diarrhea,

dryness of the mouth ,hiccough, vomiting, dizzinesas, confusion,

discolouration of the skin, attacks of swooning, bodyache and

diminished digestive fire(power).

This condition is granthi visarpa and owes its origin to the vitiation of

kapha and vata.

Plague

Plague is divided into three main types bubonic, septicemic and

pneumonic depending on which part of your body is involved. Signs and

symptoms vary depending on the type of plague.

Bubonic plague

Buboes swollen lymph nodes which typically develop within a

week after an infected flea bites you. Buboes may be: Bubonic plague is

the most common variety of the disease. It's named after the

Located in the groin, armpit or neck
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About the size of a chicken egg

Tender and warm to the touch

Other signs and symptoms may include:

Sudden onset of fever and chills

Headache

Fatigue or malaise

Muscle aches

Kardama visarpa(Wet gangrene)

Fever, stiffness, sleepiness, drowsiness, headache, fatigue or

throwing about of the limbs(convulsions),a sensation as if the whole

body is covered with an (oily) paste, anorexia, dizziness, attacks of

swooining, loss of digestive power, pain in the bones, thirst, dulling of

the senses, deposition of ama(Atherosclerosis)and obstruction of the

channels(?plaques) are produced due to vitiation of the kapha and

pitta.

This visarpa usually spreads to the stomach, becomes localized to

one part vesicles and is glossy, black, shining like antimony, dirty and

oedematous and feels heavy.

There is a deep seated suppuration it emits heat, is friable to touch as

it is sodden and appears like mud due to the muscles being decayed.

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The ligaments/tendons and the vascular bundles are exposed and

there is a cadaveric smell. This condition is called kardama visarpa.

Gangrene

Gangrene occurs when a body part skin, muscle or even an organ

loses its blood supply. The blood that feeds tissues provides oxygen,

nutrients to feed cells and immune system components, such as

antibodies, to ward off infections. Without a proper blood supply, cells can't

survive. Any process that affects blood flow an injury or an underlying

condition, or especially a combination of the two can lead to gangrene.

Wet gangrene

Gangrene is referred to as "wet" if there's a bacterial infection in the

affected tissue. Swelling, blistering and a wet appearance are common

features of wet gangrene. It can develop after a severe burn, frostbite or

injury. It often occurs in people with diabetes who unknowingly injure a toe

or foot. Wet gangrene needs to be treated immediately because it spreads

quickly and can be fatal.

Ksata(Traumatic)Visarpa

When due to some external cause or an injury,the vata becomes

irritated, it excites pitta along with rakta and produces a visarpa which is

associated with kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn)seeds like vesicles,oedema, fever, pain and burning sensation and is blackish red.

Complications

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Fever, diarrhea, vomiting, tearing of the skin and the muscles,

fatigue, anorexia and indigestion; these are the complications of all types of

visarpa.

Visarpas due to vata, pitta and kapha(individually) are curable, while

those due to a combination of all the dosas and the traumatic ones are

incurable. The pittaja visarpa, however, when it has produced an antimony-

like discolouration of the body, also becomes incurable. Moreover,all types

of visarpa occuring in the vital areas(marmans) are curable with difficult.

Cellulitis

Cellulitis may be caused by many different bacteria. The most

common are those of the Streptococcus species. Streptococci spread

rapidly in the skin because they produce enzymes that hinder the ability of

the tissue to confine the infection. Staphylococcus bacteria can also cause

cellulitis, as can many other bacteria, especially after bites by humans or

animals or after injuries in water or dirt.

Bacteria usually enter through small breaks in the epidermis that

result from scrapes, punctures, burns, and skin disorders. Areas of the skin

that become swollen with fluid (edema) are especially vulnerable. Cellulitis

is more common in people with poor blood circulation (chronic venous

insufficiency). However, cellulitis can also occur in skin that is not obviously

injured.

Symptoms

Cellulitis most commonly develops on the legs but may occur

anywhere. The first symptoms are redness, pain, and tenderness over an

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area of skin. These symptoms are caused both by the bacteria themselves

and by the body's attempts to fight the infection. The infected skin becomes

hot and swollen and may look slightly pitted, like an orange peel. Fluid-filled

blisters, which may be small (vesicles) or large (bullae), sometimes appear

on the infected skin. The borders of the affected area are not distinct,

except in a form of cellulitis called erysipelas. Most people with cellulitis feel

only mildly ill, but some may have a fever, chills, rapid heart rate,

headache, low blood pressure, and confusion.

As the infection spreads, nearby lymph nodes may become enlarged

and tender (lymphadenitis), and the lymphatic vessels may become

inflamed (lymphangitissee Bacterial Skin Infections: Lymphangitis).

Sometimes, bacteria spread through the blood (bacteremiasee

Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Septic Shock: Bacteremia), which can cause more

serious illness.

When cellulitis affects the same site repeatedly, especially the leg,

lymphatic vessels may be damaged, causing permanent swelling of the

affected tissue.

Diagnosis and Treatment

A doctor usually diagnoses cellulitis based on its appearance and

symptoms. Laboratory identification of the bacteria from blood, pus, or

tissue specimens usually is not necessary unless a person is seriously ill or

the infection is not responding to drug therapy. Sometimes, doctors need to

perform tests to differentiate cellulitis from a blood clot in the deep veins of
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the leg (deep vein thrombosissee Venous Disorders: Deep Vein

Thrombosis (DVT)), because the symptoms of these disorders are similar

THE DIAGNOSIS OF VISPHOT A (PUSTULAR ERUPTIONS)

Aetiopathogenesis

Excessive use of katu, amla, teekshna, usna, heart burn producing,

ruksha(non-fatty) and alkaline substances, indigestion, eating before the

previous meal has been digested(Frequent eating),over-exposure to the

sun and abnormal seasonal variations aggravate vata and other

dosas;these ,getting located in the skin vitiate rakta, mamsa and asthi and

produce severe visphotas all of which are preceded by fever.

Definition:

The blisters with fever,as a result of vitiated rakta and pitta(Rakta and

pitta are vitiated in all types of visphotas;these mat be localized or

generalized throughout the body.

Vataja viaphota

Features of the vataja visphota are headache,severe

pain,fever,thirst,pain in the joints and blackish discolouration.

Pittaja visphota

Features of the pittaja visphota are fever, burning sensation, pain,discharge, suppuration, thirst and yellowish red discolouration.

Kaphaja visphota
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The kaphaja visphotais characterized by vomiting ,anorexia, stiffness

an itching sensation, hardness, whitish discolouration, absence of pain and

suppuration after a long time.

Sannipataja visphota

The visphota due to the combined vitiation of all the three dosas is

depressed in the centre and raised at the periphery(umbilication),is

hard,has a tendency for mild suppuration and is associated with a burning

sensation, redness, thirst, confusion, vomiting, attacks of swooming ,pain,

fever, delirium, tremors and drowsiness. This condition is incurable.

Raktaja visphota

The visphotas due to the vitiation of rakta are red in colour, look like

gunja(Abrus precatorius Linn.(fam.Leguminosae);Coll.Ratti. or

vidruma(Coral(Corallium rubrum)Syn, Pravala;Coll,Munga),and owe their

origin to the rakta and pitta provoking factors; these cannot be cured even

by hundreds of special recipes.

Prognosis

The visphota due to the vitiation of a single dosa is curable;that due

to the joint vitiation of two dosas is curable with difficulty;and the one due to

the simulataneous vitiation of all the three dosas is serious,associated with

complication and incurable.

Folliculitis occurs when hair follicles become infected, often withStaphylococcus aureus or other types of bacteria. Certain variations offolliculitis are also known as hot tub folliculitis and barber's itch. Severeinfections can cause permanent hair loss and scarring, and even mildfolliculitis can be uncomfortable and embarrassing.

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The infection usually appears as small, white-headed pimples around oneor more hair follicles the tiny pockets from which each hair grows. Mostcases of folliculitis are superficial, and they may itch, but on occasionthey're painful too. Superficial folliculitis often clears by itself in a few days,but deep or recurring folliculitis may need medical treatment. Folliculitissigns and symptoms vary, depending on the type of infection.

Superficial folliculitis, which includes types that affect the upper part ofthe hair follicle, may cause:

Clusters of small red bumps that develop around hair follicles Pus-filled blisters that break open and crust over Red and inflamed skin Itchiness or tenderness

Deep folliculitis starts deeper in the skin surrounding the hair follicle andaffects the entire hair follicle. Signs and symptoms include:

A large swollen bump or mass Pus-filled blisters that break open and crust over Pain Possible scars once the infection clears

Superficial folliculitis

Superficial forms of folliculitis include:

Staphylococcal folliculitis. This common type is marked by itchy,white, pus-filled bumps that can occur anywhere on your body wherehair follicles are present. When it affects a man's beard area, it'scalled barber's itch. It occurs when hair follicles become infected withStaphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria. Although staph bacteria liveon your skin all the time, they generally cause problems only whenthey enter your body through a cut or other wound. This can occurthrough shaving, scratching or with an injury to the skin.

Pseudomonas folliculitis (hot tub folliculitis). The pseudomonasbacteria that cause this form of folliculitis thrive in a wide range ofenvironments, including hot tubs whose chlorine and pH levels aren'twell regulated. Within eight hours to five days of exposure to thebacteria, a rash of red, round, itchy bumps will appear that later maydevelop into small pus-filled blisters (pustules). The rash is likely to

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be worse in areas where your swimsuit holds contaminated wateragainst your skin.

Tinea barbae. Caused by a fungus rather than a bacterium, this typeof folliculitis develops in the beard area in men, causing itchy, whitebumps. The surrounding skin also may become reddened. A moreserious, inflammatory form of the infection appears as pus-fillednodules that eventually form a crust and that may occur along withswollen lymph nodes and fever.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae. An inflammation of the hair follicles in thebeard area, pseudofolliculitis barbae affects men when shaved hairscurve back into the skin. This leads to inflammation and, sometimes,to dark raised scars (keloid scars) on the face and neck.

Pityrosporum folliculitis. Especially common in teens and adultmen, pityrosporum folliculitis produces chronic, red, itchy pustules on

the back and chest and sometimes on the neck, shoulders, upperarms and face. It's caused by the yeast-like fungus.

Herpetic folliculitis. Shaving through a cold sore a small, fluid-filled blister caused by the herpes simplex virus can sometimesspread the herpes infection to neighboring hair follicles.

Deep folliculitisTypes of deep folliculitis include:

Gram-negative folliculitis. This sometimes develops if you're

receiving long-term antibiotic treatment for acne. Antibiotics alter thenormal balance of bacteria in the nose, leading to an overgrowth ofharmful organisms (gram-negative bacteria). In most people, thisdoesn't cause problems, and the flora in the nose returns to normalonce antibiotics are stopped. In a few people, however, gram-negative bacteria spread and cause new, sometimes-severe acnelesions.

Boils and carbuncles. These occur when hair follicles becomedeeply infected with staph bacteria. A boil usually appears suddenly

as a painful pink or red bump. The surrounding skin also may be redand swollen. The bump then fills with pus and grows larger and morepainful before it finally ruptures and drains. Small boils usually healwithout scarring, but a large boil may leave a scar. A carbuncle is acluster of boils that often occurs on the back of the neck, shoulders,back or thighs. Carbuncles cause a deeper and more severe infection

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than does a single boil. As a result, they develop and heal moreslowly and are likely to leave scars.

Eosinophilic folliculitis. Seen primarily in those with HIV, this type offolliculitis is characterized by recurring patches of inflamed, pus-filled sores,primarily on the face and sometimes on the back or upper arms. The soresusually spread, may itch intensely and often leave areas of darker thannormal skin (hyperpigmentation) when they heal. The exact cause ofeosinophilic folliculitis isn't known, although it may involve the same yeast-like fungus responsible for pityrosporum folliculitis.

Carbuncle

A carbuncle is a group of boils (infections associated with hair follicles) onthe skin. A carbuncle forms when a number of boils group together to formone lump, or when multiple hair follicles become infected at once. Whenmultiple carbuncles form, the condition is known as carbunculosis.

Carbuncles are typically triggered by bacterial infection of the hair follicles,usually by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, but other bacteria and fungipresent on the skin surface may also cause the infection. If the infection isnot resolved quickly, pockets of bacteria, cells, dead tissue, fluid, and pus

form. The infections that trigger carbuncles are contagious and mayspread.

Although carbuncles typically develop on the neck, they may formanywhere on the body. The exact reason why these infections develop isnot known, but people with conditions that compromise the immune systemare more susceptible to the development of boils and carbuncles.Carbuncles are more common in males than in females.

Common symptoms of carbuncles

Bulging or lump on the skin up to several centimeters in diameter Fatigue Fever not associated with flu symptoms Fluid leakage from the carbuncle, which may crust over
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Itching feeling Severe discomfort or pain Spread of infection

Symptoms that might indicate a serious condition

In some cases, carbuncles can be a serious condition that should beevaluated by a health care professional;

Carbuncles located in the middle of the face or on the spine Carbuncles that last longer than two weeks Fever not associated with flu symptoms

Large, deep or extremely painful lump or collection of boils on theskin Recurrent carbuncles

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THE DIAGNOSIS OF MASURIKA(POX)

Intake of katu, amla, lavana, kshara and incomepatible food(in

excess),eating before the previous meal has been digested(frequent

eating),consumption of decaying cereals and vegetables,etc,air and water

pollution,and also the influence of the wicked planets aggravate the

dosas(of the people) in the locality(Epidemic);these,in association with the

vitiated rakta in the patients body, produce eruptions resembling the seeds

of masurika.

Prodromal features

Fever, itching sensation, bodyache, uneasiness ,dizziness, skin

inflammation and discolouration and redness of the eyes are seen as the

prodromal features (of masurika).

Kaphaja Masurika

The kaphaja masurika is associated with (excessive)salivation,a

sensation of being covered with wet clothes,headache,a feeling of

heaviness of the limbs,nausea,anorexia,sleepiness,drowsiness and

languor;the eruptions are white,smooth and very big;associated with an

itching sensation and mild pain and have a tendency to suppurate after a

long time.

Sannipataja masurika

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The eruptions due to a combination of all the (three) dosas are

blue,flat,broad,depressed in the centre(Umbilication) and excessively

painful,suppurate after a long time with putrifying discharge and are

numerous.The patient has a choking sensation in the

throat,anorexia,stiffness,delirium,and restlessness.The pimples are also

known as carmadala and are difficult to treat.

Romantika(Measles)

The eruption of romantika are red and appear like elevated hair

pits;they are due to vitiated kapha and pitta,are associated with cough and

anorexia and are preceded by fever.

Involvement of the seven dhatus

Masurika located in tvak(the rasa dhatu)

In a case of masurika located in the skin only,the vesicles appear like

bubbles in water and produce a watery discharge on rupture;they have only

a mild vitiation of humours.

Masurika located in the rakta dhatu

If the disease is located in the rakta dhatu the eruptions appear

red,suppurate quickly,are thin walled,curable and not excessively vitiated

and discharge blood on rupture.

Masurika located in the mamsa dhatu

When the site of lesion is the mamsa dhatu the eruptions are

hard,smooth and thick walled,and suppurate after a long time;these are

associated with bodyache,thirst ,itching,fever and restlessness.

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Masurika located in the medho dhatu

When the disease arises due to vitiation of the meda dhatu,the

vesicles are circular,soft,slightly elevated,thick,glossy and painful;these are

accompanied with high fever,marked confusion,restlessness and

agony.Only a few patients recover from this condition.

Masurika located in the asthi and majja dhatus

When the disease arises due to the vitiated asthi and majja

dhatus,the rashes are small,of the same colour as the skin,dry,flattened

and slightly elevated;there is also marked confusion ,pain and severerestlessness.The lesions penetrate into the vulnerable areas and soon take

away the patients life.The bones allover are riddled with holes as if made

by large black bees.

Masurika located in the rakta dhatu

If the disease is located in the rakta dhtau the eruptions appear

red,suppurate quickly are thin,walled,curable and not excessively

vitiated,and discharge blood on rupture.

Masurika located in the mamsa dhatu

Whe the site of lesion is the mamsa dhtau the eruptions are

hard,smooth and thick walled and suppurate after long time;these are

associated with bodyache,thirst,itching,fever and restlessness.

Masurika located in the medho dhatu

When the disease arises due to vitiation of the meda dhtau the

vesicles are circular ,soft,slightly elevated,thick,glossy and painful;thses are

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accompanied with high fever,marked confusion,restlessness and

agony.Only a few patients recover from this condition.

Masurika located in the asthi and majja dhatus

When the disease arises due to the vitiated asthi and majja dhatus

the rashes are small, of the same colour as the skin, dry, flattened and

slightly elevated; there is also marked confusion, pain and severe

restlessness. The lesions penetrate into the vulnerable areas and soon

take away the patients life.The bones all over are riddled with holes as if

made by large black bees.

Masurika located in the sukra dhatu

The pustules appear ripe and are glossy, small and extremely painful.

The patient feels as if covered with wet clothes, is restless and markedly

confused, has a burning sensation and appears mad. These are the clinical

features of masurika arising due to the vitiation of the sukra dhatu.

Although the features have thus been described, they may not all be seen

as the patient does not survive.

Association of dosas in masurika located in the dhatus

These seven(types of masutika located in the different dhatus) are

also associated with the features of various vitiated humours which should

be accordingly recognised.

Sukha sadhya masurika

The masurika is easily curable when it is located in the skin (tvak

dhatu) and is due to rakta,pitta,kapha or kapha-pitta.

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Krchra sadhya Masurika

The masurikas due to vata,vata-pitta or kapha vata are curable with

freat difficulty;hence,they should be treated with care.

Asadhya masurika

The masurikas due to the combined vitiation of all the dosas are

incurable.Some of them are like pravala(Corrallium rubrum Coral),some are

similar to jambu fruits(Syzygium cumini(Linn) Skeels;(Fam,

Myrtacea),whereas some resemble an iron mesh(Steel grey)and some the

fruits of atasi(Linum usitatissimum Linn(Fam, Linaceae):Eng.Linseed).These develop colours of various types according to the

predominance of doshas.

Pravala is red;jambu is purple;iron is steel grey;and atast is catechu

coloured.All these are thus red or of a variant shade,probably indicating the

lesion to have a haemorrhagic tendency .

Sadhyaasadhyatha

An experienced physician should not give treatment by medicines if a

patient suffering from masurika exhibits the following signs and symptoms

(complications): Cogh, hiccough, urinary disorders, acute hyperpyrexia ,

delirium, restlessness, fainting, thirst, burning sensation, excessive

yawning, blood discharge from the mouth, the nose and the eyes, and

extremely painful breathing with rumbling noise in the throat .

Fatal (arista lakshanam)masurika

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A patient of masurika who breathes with rapid movements of the

external nares, is suffering from thirst and whose vayu has become vitiated,

will quickly lose his life.

Masurika is compared with small pox,as small pox has been eradicated we

compare it with chicken pox.Romanthika is compared with measles.

Small pox

Smallpox is a disease caused by the Variola major virus. Some

experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other

infectious diseases combined. Worldwide immunization stopped the spread

of smallpox three decades ago. The last case was reported in 1977. Two

research labs still house small amounts of the virus. Experts fear

bioterrorists could use the virus to spread disease.

Smallpox spreads very easily from person to person. Symptoms areflu-like and include high fever, fatigue and headache and backache,

followed by a rash with flat red sores.

Chicken pox
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Chickenpox is one of the classic childhood diseases. A child or adult

with chickenpox may develop hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that

burst and form crusts. Chickenpox is caused by a virus.

The virus that causes chickenpox is varicella-zoster, a member of the

herpesvirus family. The same virus also causes herpes zoster(shingles) in

adults.

Causes

In a typical scenario, a young child is covered in pox and out of

school for a week. The first half of the week the child feels miserable from

intense itching; the second half from boredom. Since the introduction of the

chickenpox vaccine, classic chickenpox is much less common.

Chickenpox can be spread very easily to others. You may get

chickenpox from touching the fluids from a checkenpox blister, or if

someone with chickenpox coughs or sneezes near you. The vaccine

usually prevents the chickenpox disease completely or makes the illness

very mild. Even those with mild illness may be contagious.

When someone becomes infected, the pox usually appear 10 to 21

days later. People become contagious 1 to 2 days before breaking out with

pox. They remain contagious while uncrusted blisters are present.

Most cases of chickenpox occur in children younger than 10. The

disease is usually mild, although serious complications sometimes occur.

Adults and older children usually get sicker than younger children do.

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Children whose mothers have had chickenpox or have received the

chickenpox vaccine are not very likely to catch it before they are 1 year old.

If they do catch chickenpox, they often have mild cases. This is because

antibodies from their mothers' blood help protect them. Children under 1

year old whose mothers have not had chickenpox or the vaccine can get

severe chickenpox.

Severe chickenpox symptoms are more common in children whose

immune system does not work well. This may be caused by an illness or

medicines such as chemotherapy and steroids.

Symptoms

Most children with chickenpox act sick, with symptoms such as a

fever, headache, tummy ache, or loss of appetite for a day or two before

breaking out in the classic pox rash. These symptoms last 2 to 4 days after

breaking out.

The average child develops 250 to 500 small, itchy, fluid-filled blisters

over red spots on the skin.

The blisters often appear first on the face, trunk, or scalp and spread

from there. Appearance of the small blisters on the scalp usually

confirms the diagnosis.

After a day or two, the blisters become cloudy and then scab.

Meanwhile, new crops of blisters spring up in groups. The pox often

appear in the mouth, in the vagina, and on the eyelids.

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Children with skin problems such as eczema may get more than

1,500 pox.

Most pox will not leave scars unless they become infected with bacteria

from scratching.

Some children who have had the vaccine will still develop a mild case of

chickenpox. They usually recover much more quickly and have only a

few pox (less than 30).These cases are often harder to diagnose.

However, these children can still spread chieckenpox to others.

Exams and Tests

Chickenpox is usually diagnosed from the classic rash and the child's

medical history. Blood tests, and tests of the pox blisters themselves, can

confirm the diagnosis if there is any question

Romanthika(Measles)

Measles is a very contagious (easily spread) illness caused by a

virus.

Causes

The infection is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth,

or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put

contaminated droplets into the air.

Those who have had an active measles infection or who have been

vaccinated against the measles have immunity to the disease. Before

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widespread vaccination, measles was so common during childhood that

most people became sick with the disease by age 20.

Some parents do not let their children get vaccinated because of

unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles,

mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Large studies of thousands of

children have found no connection between this vaccine and autism. Not

vaccinating children can lead to outbreaks of a measles, mumps, and

rubella -- all of which are potentially serious diseases of childhood.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually begin 8 - 12 days after you are exposed to the

virus. This is called the incubation period.

Symptoms may include:

Bloodshot eyes

Cough

Fever

Light sensitivity (photophobia)

Muscle pain

Rash

Usually appears 3 - 5 days after the first signs of being sick

May last 4 - 7 days

Usually starts on the head and spreads to other areas, moving down

the body
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Rash may appear as flat, discolored areas (macules) and solid, red,

raised areas (papules) that later join together

Itchy

Redness and irritation of the eyes (conjunctivitis)

Runny nose

Sore throat

Tiny white spots inside the mouth (Koplik's spots)

.

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