1

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgRxex‡`i

RvZxq m‡¤§jb 2009

m‡¤§j‡b Dc ’vwcZ cÖeÜ

Wwe­DwfG wgjbvqZb, avbgwÛ, XvKv

2-3 A‡±vei 2009

m¤úv`bv

W. dviRvbv Bmjvg

RvwKi †nv‡mb

AwgZ iÄb †`

Av‡qvRK ms ’v

cvU©bviwkc Ae DB‡gb Bb GKkb (cvIqv) Ges

bvMwiK D‡`¨vM

mn-Av‡qvRK ms ’v

fvmgvb bvix kªwgK Dbœqb †K›`ª

gy³ wkï I bvix kªwgK †dvivg

`wjZ bvix †dvivg

euvP‡Z wkL bvix

2

MZ 2-3 A‡±vei 2009 cvU©bviwkc Ae DB‡gb Bb GKkb (cvIqv) Ges bvMwiK

D‡`¨vM-Gi †h․_ Av‡qvR‡b AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgRxex‡`i m‡¤§jb 2009 AbywôZ

nq| m‡¤§j‡bi wewfbœ Awa‡ek‡b Dc¯vwcZ cÖeÜmg~n wb‡q Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ

wb‡q c~‡e©i †jLv wKQy cÖeÜ GB MÖ‡ši Rb¨ msMÖn Kiv nq| †h¸wji mgš‡q G

msKjbwU cÖKvwkZ nj| G msKj‡b AcÖvwZôvwbK kªgLvZ, Zvi aiY, A_©bxwZ‡Z

Ae`vb, G Lv‡Z AvBb I bxwZgvjv msµvš wPÎ, bMi cwiKíbvq AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ I

kªwgK‡`i evm¯vb msµvš cÖeÜ, AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ msMVb I mgevq

M‡o †Zvjvi Ae v wK, Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z

kªgRxex‡`i cÖevn †Kgb, M„nkªwgK wb‡qvM, mvgwRK myi¶v I G msµvš bxwZgvjv

cÖm‡½ cÖeÜ, cwiQbœZv Kg©x, wbg©vY kªwgK I †nv‡Uj kªwgK‡`i †kvfb Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek

welqK Ges wek¦vq‡bi d‡j AcÖvwZôvwbKLv‡Z †h mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv •Zwi n‡q‡Q †m

welqK cÖeÜ G msKj‡b cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|

Avgiv †Póv K‡iwQ †jL‡Ki wbR¯^ gZvgZ AweK…Z †i‡LB cÖKvk Ki‡Z| Avkv Kwi

msKjbwU AbymwÜrm y Ges ms‡e`bkxj cvVK‡`i AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ m¤ú‡K© M‡elYv I

KvR Ki‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i Zzj‡Z m¶g n‡e| Avgiv GI AvkvKwi †mB AvMÖn GB

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgRxex gvbyl‡`i Rxe‡b BwZevPK cwieZ©‡b mnvqK n‡e|

me‡k‡l hviv cÖeÜ cvVv‡bvmn bvbvfv‡e G msKjb cÖKv‡k Avgv‡`i‡K mn‡hvwMZv

K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i mevi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i K…ZÁZv iBj|

cÖKvkK

cvU©bviwkc Ae DB‡gb Bb GKkb (cvIqv) Ges bvMwiK D‡`¨vM

cÖKvkKvj: Ryb 2010

MÖš’¯Z¡

cvU©bviwkc Ae DB‡gb Bb GKkb (cvIqv) Ges bvMwiK D‡`¨vM

evwo bs 8/14, e­K-we, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207, evsjv‡`k|

mnvqZvq: One World Action, UK

cÖ‛Q` I AjsKiY: wgVy Avn‡g`

wcÖ›Uvi

†P․ayix wcÖ›Uvm© GÛ mvc­vB

48/G/1, evÇvbMi †jb, wcjLvbv, XvKv-1205

g~j¨: 200 UvKv

ISBN: 978-984-33-1623-3

3

gyLeÜ

cvU©bviwkc Ae DB‡gb Bb GKkb (cvIqv) Ges bvMwiK D‡`¨vM †h․_fv‡e

ÔAcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgRxex‡`i RvZxq m‡¤§jb-2009Õ Av‡qvRb K‡i A‡±vei

gv‡mi ïiæ‡Z| yB w`be¨vcx GB m‡¤§j‡b 30wU cÖeÜ Dc¯vwcZ nq hvi

welqe ‧ cÖvwZôvwbK A_©bxwZi aviYvqb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i kªgRxex‡`i Kg©‡¶Î,

mvgvwRK •elg¨, AmnvqZ¡, msKU, wbh©vZb, mgm¨vi cvkvcvwk kªgRxex‡`i

AwaKvi, AvBbx myi¶v, ivR‣bwZK AwfÁvb, †UªW BDwbqb, wewfbœ mvgvwRK

g~j¨‡eva Øviv Awc©Z •elg¨ AvµvšÍ †ckv †hgb-†h․b Kg©, M„nkªg, cwiQbœZv

Kg©, ¶z`ª †nv‡Uj †ióz‡i›U Ges kªwgK‡`i KvR ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| wek¦vqb, bMivqb,

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Gi mv‡_ AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wbqwgZ kªgRxex‡`i AvšÍ:m¤úK©

I we‡k­wlZ nq|

cÖeܸ‡jv msKwjZ MÖš wnmv‡e cÖKv‡ki †h †h․_ cÖ‡Póv ÔcvIqvÕ Ges ÔbvMwiK

D‡`¨vMÕ wb‡q‡Q Zv A‡bK w`K †_‡KB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| m‡¤§j‡b Dc¯vwcZ

cÖeܸ‡jv‡Z AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ I kªgRxex gvbyl‡K wN‡i †h wPšvfvebvi

cÖwZdjb N‡UwQj Zv †hb Kv‡ji †mªv‡Z nvwi‡q bv hvq| GKB mv‡_ wPšÍvwe`,

bxwZwba©viK, ivRbxwZwe`, eyw×Rxex, gvbevwaKvi Kg©x, mswk­ó ms¯vmg~n I

kªgRxex gvbyl¸‡jvI G wb‡q fv‡eb Ges kªgRxex‡`i Kj¨v‡Y Zv cÖ‡qvM K‡ib

GB msKj‡bi ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbv, Z_¨mg~n †m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡Yv`bv †hvMv‡e Ges w`K

wb‡ ©kbv w`‡e e‡j Avgvi aviYv|

msKjbwU AcÖvwZôvwbK kªgRxex‡`i Dci GKwU c~Y©v½ I mvwe©K wPÎ cÖYqb

Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| GB LvZ‡K †`‡ki me©e„nr LvZ wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ AR©‡bi c_

wb‡ ©kbvI Av‡Q| G Lv‡Z RwoZ kªgRxex‡`i Kg©Rxe‡bi mgm¨v, msMÖvg Ges

Gi mgvav‡bi w`‡K „wó wbewÜZ n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki mKj kªgRxex bvMwiK‡`i cÖvq Avwk fvM gvbyl cÖvwZôvwbK

Kg©‡¶‡Îi evB‡i †_‡K Zv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg K‡i _v‡Kb| GB e„nr

Rb‡Mvôx cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvi evB‡i ¶z`ª e¨emv, wk¶v, †mevg~jK, K…wl KvR,

e¨w³MZ †mevLv‡Z Kg©iZ †_‡K wb‡R‡K Ges cwievi‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi msMÖv‡g

wb‡qvwRZ|

4

GLv‡b †g․wjK cÖkœwU n‡jv hw` AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ me©e„nr LvZ n‡q _v‡K Ges

RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Gi Ae`vb `„k¨gvb, Zvn‡j Gi ¯^xK…wZ Ges kªgRxex‡`i

AwaKvi †Kb my „p Ae¯vq `vov‡e bv? †Kb Kibv? G cÖ‡kœi DËi †LuvRvi Ges

Gi mgvav‡bi Dcvq †ei Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| kªgRxex‡`i msMwVZ nevi †Kvb

weKí bvB| ivóª G ev¯ eZv‡K Gwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡ibv Ges GwU †evSv‡bvi `vwqZ¡

kªgRxex msMVbmg~‡ni mK‡ji|

mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ, gZv`‡k©i weKvk, AcÖvwZôvwbK kªg‡¶‡Î KvVv‡gvMZ

cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g G‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Kwi Kiv Ges m‡e©vcwi AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgRxex gvby‡li Rxe‡bi mvwe©K ¸YMZ gvb Dbœqb mvab Kiv,

mK‡ji •bwZK `vwqZ¡| GB msKjb AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ I kªgRxex gvby‡li

eyw×e„wËK m¤ú` wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e e‡jB Avgvi wek¦vm|

W. dviRvbv Bmjvg

AvnevqK, m‡¤§jb cÖ¯‧wZ KwgwU

Aa¨vcK, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq

5

m~PxcÎ

AbvbyôvwbK A_©bxwZ I bMi`wi`ª‡`i Ae`vb: GKwU we‡k­lYag©x ch©v‡jvPbv

9

W. FZv Avdmvi

kªgRxex‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK myi¶v †Kb Ri‚wi 21

wiRIqvbyj Bmjvg

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi myi¶vq †UªW

BDwbq‡bi f~wgKv 25

Aveyj †nvmvBb

.

Informal Sector in Bangladesh: A Strategic

Framework for Development 33

Abdul Hye Mondol

•elg¨, eÂbv I evsjv‡`‡ki AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi bvix kªwgK 45

wPiiÄb miKvi

RvZxq A_©bxwZi AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©Rxex bvixi f~wgKv 56

Lvb †di‡`․mi ingvb

evsjv‡`‡k kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi, †cÖw¶Z I ev¯—eZv 63

G¨vW‡fv‡KU g‡bvqvi †nv‡mb

XvKv kn‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z bvix-kªgRxex: GKwU mgx¶v cÖwZ‡e`b 68

gvRnvij Bmjvg, mykvš miKvi, ev‡iK †nv‡mb wgVy

evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK ev¯—eZv Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ 72

ivRy Avn‡g`

wiKkv D‡‛Q` bq, myôz e¨e¯’vcbv Ri‚wi 79

Avwgbyj Bmjvg myRb I gvid ingvb

nKvi‡`i A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Ae`vb Ges †ckvMZ wbivcËv 90

gvid ingvb

ivóª, cuywRi ¯^v_© Ges kªg AvB‡bi Uvbv‡cv‡ob:

wÎgyLx msK‡U evsjv‡`k ivóª 100

AvjZvd cvi‡fR

6

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi bvix kªwg‡Ki AvBbx myi¶v 102

•mq` myjZvb DwÏb Avn¤§`

ivR‣bwZK AwfÁvb I msMVbB AwaKvi cÖwZôvi g~j nvwZqvi 105

g‡bvqvi †gv dv

evsjv‡`‡k bvix kªwg‡Ki †UªW BDwbq‡b m¤ú„³Zv:

†Km wbg©vY I PvZvj kªwgK 111

gyRxeyj Avbvg, G. wU. Gg. mvBdzj­vn †g‡n`x Ges W. †iRIqvb †nv‡mb f~uBqv

ÒAvgivI gvbylÓ PvB evuPvi gZ AwaKvi 136

†gv: †gv vdv Kvgvj

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I bM‡i kªg cÖevn e„w×: msK‡Ui bZzb iƒc 139

G we Gg Avwbmy¾vgvb

Rjevqy cwieZ©b, ev¯‘P~¨wZ I AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z m¯—v kªgcÖevn: Ab¨vh¨

myweav‡fvM ebvg AwaKviwfwËK b¨vh¨ mgvavb 141

†gv: Lvwj` †nvmvBb

Rjevqy cwieZ©b, bMivqb Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ 146

gvRnvij Bmjvg

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wn‡m‡e †nvg IqvK©vi cwiw ’wZ Ges

†nvg IqvK© Kb‡fbkb 177 148

G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Kvwnb~i †eMg

M„nkªwgK wb‡qvM: mvgvwRK myi¶v I bxwZgvjv 153

eyׇ`e wek¦vm

ÒRvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z M„n¯’vjx Kv‡Ri Ae`vb Ges g~j¨vqbÓ 162

bvRbxb Kwei

M„nkªwgK wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a cwiev‡ii f~wgKv 165

kvnbvR mygx I w`jviv †iLv

†h․bKgx© I Zv‡`i AwaKvi Av‡›`vjb 172

mvbwR`v kkx

cwi‛QbœZvKg©xi †ckv I Rxeb: gvbevwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ 178

†gvt Aveyj evmvi

7

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i Ae ’v: Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ KiYxq 184

nvmvb gvngy Lvb

wek¦vqbt AcÖvwZôvwbK wkíLvZ 191

Avmjvg Lvb

wek¦vqb I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZt mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv 195

cÖ`xc Kzgvi ivq

wek¦vqb I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ: mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv 201

Avmv`-DR-Rvgvb Avmv`

wek¦vq‡bi Là‡i evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q: eû kªgRxexi fvM¨ wech©q 205

AwgZ iÄb †`

8

9

AbvbyôvwbK A_©bxwZ I bMi`wi ª‡`i Ae`vb:

GKwU we‡k­lYag©x ch©v‡jvPbv

W. FZv Avdmvi

AbvbyôvwbK A_©bxwZ I bMi `wi`ª‡`i Ae`vb:

AbvbyôvwbK LvZ ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS? AvšR©vwZK kªg ms¯v (AvBGjI) 1993

mv‡j Informal sector †K Gfv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Q: Informal sector G Drcv`b

cÖwµqv AZ¨š ¶z`ª cwim‡i Ggbfv‡e P‡j †hLv‡b mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi evûj¨

†bB ej‡jB P‡j, Avi †mB m‡½ kªg I cuywRi •Øi_ Luy‡R cvIqv fvi Ges

kªwg‡Ki wb‡qvM eûjvs‡k †Kvb Pzw³i gva¨‡g ev AvbyôvwbKfv‡e nq bv| eis

e¨w³MZ ev cwievi wKsev mvgvwRK m¤úK© ej‡qi wfwˇZ G ai‡bi kªg I

kªwg‡Ki Ae¯vb| cvwievwiK D‡`¨v‡Mi b¨vq Informal sector Gi †h ¯vei

m¤úwË Zv D‡`¨v³vi e¨w³MZ, †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi bq GLv‡b †h †Kvb ai‡bi

wewb‡qvM wKsev †jb‡`b meB D‡`¨v³vi bv‡g n‡q _v‡K| †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi bv‡g

nq bv| †ewki fvM †¶‡Î cÖwZôvb wKsev D‡`¨v³vi Avq-e¨‡qi c„_KxKiY yiƒn

e¨vcvi| myZivs (RvwZms‡Ni RvZxq Avq wbic‡bi cÖwµqv e¨eüZ) K‡qKwU

•ewkó¨ Øviv Avgiv †mvRv fvlvq Informal sector ej‡Z hv eywS Zv n‡jv:

1| LvZ wfwËK ev †Kvb ai‡bi wbeÜb QvovB Lvbv Øviv cwiPvwjZ GK ev

GKvwaK D‡`¨vM;

2| G¸‡jv ¯wb‡qvwRZ D‡`¨vM wnmv‡e GKKfv‡e wKsev †h․_fv‡e GKB

cwiev‡ii m`m¨ wKsev GKvwaK cwiev‡ii m`m¨ Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq

3| GB D‡`¨vM wb‡qvM memgq LÊKvjxb n‡q _v‡K|

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi wKQz wPÎ

Kg©ms¯v‡bi †¶‡Î Informal sector Gi f~wgKv e¨vcK| KviY kªgkw³

kªgevRv‡i wb‡qvwRZ cÖwZ cuvP fv‡Mi Pvi fvM kªwg‡Ki Kg©ms¯vb nq Informal

sector (BBS 2004)| G kªg evRvi‡K hw` miKvwi †emiKvwi Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK

GB wZbwU Lv‡Z fvM Kiv hvq Z‡e GB wZb Lv‡Zi wKQz •ewkó¨ Ges ZviZg¨

Avgv‡`i bR‡i co‡e| GB¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ wKQz •ewkó¨ wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë

n‡jv:

miKvwi Lv‡Z cÖavbZ: cÖkvmwbK wk¶v e¨vsK I wewb‡qvM msµvš 70

kZvs‡ki †ewk Kg©ms¯vb K‡i|

10

†emiKvwi LvZ cÖavbZ: bvbvwea hvwš¿Kfv‡e Drcv`bgyLx e¨emv-

evwYR¨, wk¶v I Ab¨vb¨ †mevg~jK cÖvq 70 kZvs‡ki †ewk Kg©ms¯vb

K‡i _v‡K| (weweGm 2004)

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©ms¯v‡bi GKwU eo †¶Î n‡jv K…wl (57%)|

Gici i‡q‡Q e¨emv evwYR¨ hvbevnb I †hvMv‡hvM msµvš hš¿vsk

Drcv`b Ges m‡e©vcwi e¨w³MZ †mevLvZ cÖvq 30%|

GKUz LwZ‡q †`L‡j †evSv hv‡e †h miKvwi Lv‡Z m„ó Kg©ms¯vb hv‡`i Rb¨ Zviv

g~jZ: DP Ges ga¨weË †kªYxi| KviY GB me wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î by¨bZg †h

wk¶vMZ ev Ab¨vb¨ †ckv`vix `¶Zv cª‡qvRb Zv `wi`ª †kªYxi g‡a¨ †gjv fvi|

wecix‡Z Informal sector wfwËK Kg©ms¯v‡bi gva¨‡g hviv RxweKv wbe©vn K‡i

_v‡K Zviv g~jZ `wi`ª †kªYxi| cuywR, `¶Zv, wk¶v I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Afv‡e G‡`i

A_©Kix Kg©KvÊ A‡bKvs‡kB mxgve× _v‡K| GB yB •ecix‡Z¨i mwܯ‡j i‡q‡Q

†emiKvwi LvZ| †hLv‡b Kg©Kv‡Êi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wewfbœ †kªYxi kªgkw³i

Kg©ms¯vb n‡q _v‡K| A_©vr hvwš¿Kfv‡e Drcv`b Kg©Kv‡Ê †hgb `wi ª I wbgœ

Av‡qi Rbkw³ cÖ‡qvRb †ZgbB e¨e¯vcbv I evwYR¨ Lv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb wkw¶Z, `¶

wewb‡qvMKvix|

Gevi Avmv hvK g~j cÖwZcv`¨ wel‡q Ges Zv n‡jv bM‡i `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx wK

ai‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ? Gai‡bi Kg©ms¯v‡bi MwZ cÖK…wZ wK? bMi A_©bxwZ‡Z

Gme Kg©KvÊ wK ai‡bi Ae`vb ivL‡Z m¶g nq? GB kªgkw³‡K AviI

Drcv`bgyLx Kivi †¶‡Î cÖavb Ašivq ¸wj wK wK Ges G¸wj `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨

wK ai‡bi e¨e¯v MÖnb Kiv DwPZ?

bMivqY, bMi A_©bxwZ I bMi `wi`ª

evsjv‡`‡k bMivqY cÖwµqvi MwZ I cwiwa AZ¨š `ªZ e„w× cv‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv

DËieZ©x wZb `k‡K bM‡i emevmKvix RbmsL¨vi AvbycvwZK nvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q

3 ¸‡YiI †ewk (8kZvsk †_‡K 25 kZvsk) A_©vr wZb †KvwU gvbyl hy³ n‡q‡Q

GB mgqKv‡j| d‡j bMixi RbmsL¨vi e„w×i nvi 5.8% hv MÖvgxY RbmsL¨vi

Zzjbvq by¨bZg 3 ¸Y †ewk|

Ab¯^xKvh© bMivqY cÖwµqvi wmsnfvM A_©vr 60% RbmsL¨vi e„w× n‡q‡Q MÖvg

†_‡K bM‡i Awfevm‡bi gva¨‡g| wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, M‡o cÖwZ eQi

cÖvq 2 j¶ RbMY Awfevm‡bi gva¨‡g kn‡i we‡klZ: XvKv kn‡i Avm‡Q| GB

RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©K ev Z`ya© `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx hviv cÖwZwbqZ RxweKvi mÜv‡b

wKsev b`x fv½v ev Ab¨vb¨ A_ ©‣bwZK Kvi‡Y XvKvq AwfMgb K‡i|

11

Awfevmb msµvš— M‡elYvjä we‡k­lYag©x KwZcq e¨vL¨v

Awfevmb msµvš wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, bMi I gnvbMix‡Z

Kg©ms¯v‡bi MÖvg I †QvU bMixi Zzjbvq AwaKZi my‡hvM I gRyixi nvi Kg©¶g

`wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K kn‡ii cÖwZ AvK…ó K‡i| W. gvnveye †nv‡mb I Ab¨vb¨iv

(2003) Zv‡`i `xN© †gqv`x MÖvgxY `wi‡ ªi Dci M‡elYv Pvwj‡q †`‡L‡Qb †h,

1988 mvj †_‡K 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †hLv‡b K…wl †_‡K Av‡qi nvi wQj gvÎ

1% †mLv‡b AK„wl †_‡K Av‡qi nvi Gi 6 ¸Y †ewk| ¯^fveZB: †`‡ki

A_©bxwZ‡Z AK„wl Lv‡Zi e¨vcKZv †hgb e„w× cv‡Q †ZgbB AwaK A_©Kix

Kg©ms¯v‡bi j‡¶¨ Awfevm‡bi cÖeYZvI Ab¯^xKvh©| Awfevm‡bi c~‡e© ew¯‡Z

emevmKvix Rbmvai‡Yi †ckvMZ we‡k­l‡Yi gva¨‡g †`Lv †M‡Q †h G‡`i yB

Z…Zxqvsk cÖavbZ K…wl kªwgK I Ab¨vb¨ AK…wlRvZ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ wQj| wKš‧

G †ckvq Zv‡`i Avq DbœwZi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y Zviv Awfevm‡bi cšv Aej¤b

K‡ib|

Awfevm‡bi d‡j cÖwZ cuvP R‡bi g‡a¨ wZbRb ew¯evmxi XvKvq Avmvi GK

mßv‡ni g‡a¨ Kg©ms¯vb n‡q‡Q Ges Gi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb,

cvov-cÖwZ‡ewk ev eÜz-ev܇ei cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ mn‡hvwMZv| miKvwi wnmve

Abyhvqx XvKv kn‡ii †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi MÖv‡gi Zzjbvq wظ‡Yi †P‡q †ewk| (7.4%

XvKv Ges 3.3% MÖv‡g) Z‡e Gi wecix‡Z yB ai‡bi cwimsL¨vb we`¨gvb|

Under Employment Gi cÖeYZv MÖv‡gi Zzjbvq XvKv kn‡i cÖvq A‡a©‡KiI

Kg| (XvKv 16% Ges evsjv‡`‡k 35.3%) Ges Awfevmx‡`i g‡a¨ hviv cÖavbZ

ew ‡Z emevm K‡i me©`vB Abwfevmx A‡c¶vK…Z Kg Ges bevMZ

Awfevmx‡`i g‡a¨ Gi nvi AviI A‡bK Kg KviY Rxeb RxweKvi ZvwM‡`

Zv‡`i †eKvi _vKvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| ZvB Zviv Awfevm‡bi ci cÖavbZ: wi·v

Pvjbv wKsev wewfbœ gvjvgvj †dix ev wbg©vYLv‡Z kªwgK wnmv‡e †hvM †`q| ZvB

†`Lv †M‡Q †h, mgMª †`‡k †hLv‡b kªgkw³ wb‡qv‡Mi nvi 49.2% †mLv‡b XvKv

kn‡i 51.6%| we‡klZ bvix kªwg‡Ki wb‡qv‡Mi nvi mgMÖ †`‡ki Zzjbvq cÖvq

5% †ewk (27% XvKv I 22% mgMÖ †`k)| GB me Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªg kw³i

wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv `¶Zv ev eo ai‡bi cuywR wKQziB cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| hv cÖ‡qvRb

Zv n‡jv GKwU ¯^Rb †ewóbx ejq hvi gva¨‡g AcwiwPZ GK kn‡i Kg©ms¯v‡bi

bvbvwea evav wecwË DËi‡Yi QvocÎ|

12

`wi`ª Awfevmxi †ckvwfwËK web¨vm

`wi`ª Awfevmxi wmsMfvM (53% †_‡K 60%) AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ

XvKvq emevmKvix abx †kªYxi †¶‡Î D³ Lv‡Z kªgkw³ wb‡qv‡Mi cÖeYZv K‡g

Av‡m A‡a©‡K| GB Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªg web¨vm mviYx 4.1 G ewY©Z n‡jv:

mviYx 4.1

wj½ LvZ `wi`ª cÖvq `wi`ª `wi`ª

bq

†gvU

cyil

Drcv`b LvZ 14.8 14.8 12.3 13.6

LwbR 0 0.03 0.2 0.2

kw³ 0 0.5 0.6 0.4

A_© 1.4 2.3 7.4 4.6

K…wl 12.8 10.1 6 8.9

wbg©vY 4.5 4.1 2.8 3.6

e¨emv-evwYR¨ 27.3 34.2 33.9 32

†hvMv‡hvM 17.1 16.3 8.5 12.7

KwgDwbwU †mev 18.0 15.3 23.8 20.3

M„n jx 4.0 2.1 4.4 3.8

†gvU 100 100 100 100

bvix

Drcv`b LvZ 26.7 38.5 19.9 25.5

K…wl 25.1 21.6 14.1 19.0

e¨emv-evwYR¨ 2.7 2.0 2.3 2.4

KwgDwbwU †mev 23.1 18.2 28.8 25.0

M„n jx 19.2 16.2 30.6 24.3

wewea 3.6 3.4 4.3 3.8

†gvU 100 100 100 100

m~Î: wek¦e¨vsK, 2006

XvKv kn‡i `wi ª Awfevmxi kªgkw³i cÖvq yB Z…Zxqvsk cyil cÖavbZ: Drcv`b

kªwgK (hvi g‡a¨ Drcv`b, hvZvqvZ, wbg©vY BZ¨vw`) Ges evwYwR¨K Kg©x

(†dwiIqvjv, nKvi, LyPiv we‡µZv) wnmv‡e wb‡qvwRZ| GLv‡b D‡j­L¨ †h,

K…wlLvZ I †hvMv‡hvM LvZ e¨wZZ Ab¨vb¨ mKj Lv‡Z `wi ª †kªYx Qvov Ab¨ me

†kªYxi Kg©¶g Rbkw³| AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ e¨emv evwYR¨ we‡klZ nKvi,

†dwiIqvjv ev LyPiv e¨emvqx me©v‡c¶v D‡j­L‡hvM¨| KviY `wi`ª kªgkw³i

13

wmsMfvM cyil G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ| GiciB i‡q‡Q †hvMv‡hvM LvZ| †hLv‡b

wi·v, f¨vb, †U¤úy PvjK Ges wi·v I Ab¨vb¨ hvbevnb †givgZ †mev`vbKvix

BZ¨vw` Kv‡R cÖwZ 5 Rb cyi‡li cÖvq 1 RbB wb‡qvwRZ| Ab¨vb¨i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q

wbg©vY kªwgK, M„n jx Kv‡Ri mnvqK, K…wlKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³| abx, cÖvq

`wi`ª Ges `wi ª †kªYxi AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wbhy³ kªgkw³i web¨vm (mviYx 4.1)

†_‡K ywU e¨vcvi ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq| cÖ_gZ: cyi‡li †hLv‡b GKwU eo

Ask cÖvq GK Z…Zxqvsk e¨emv evwY‡R¨ wb‡qvwRZ †mLv‡b bvix kªwg‡Ki g‡a¨

Mv‡g©›Um kªwg‡Ki AvbycvwZK nvi me‡P‡q †ewk (30% †_‡K 40%)| K…wlKvR

I Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b kªwg‡Ki Kv‡R bvix I cyil kªwg‡Ki GKwU eo Ask

wb‡qvwRZ| Z‡e †RÊviwfwËK dvivK wnmv‡e Avi e¨emvq wb‡qvwRZ bvix

kªwg‡Ki nvi by¨bZg| e¨emv I Mv‡g©›UmLvZ hv bvix I cyi‡li g‡a¨ GKwU eo

dvivK m„wó K‡i‡Q| Gme e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z Zv‡`i AvbycvwZK nvi

†gvUvgywUfv‡e mgZzj¨|

wØZxqZ: GKwU †kªYxwfwËK dvivKI D³ mviYx †_‡K Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L c‡o|

cÖ_‡gB ejv n‡q‡Q †h, AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z `wi`ª I bvwZ `wi`ª †kªYxi e¨vcKZv

†`Lv hvq| Avi Ab¨w`‡K abx †kªYxi cÖvq A‡a©K Rbkw³ †emiKvwi Lv‡Z

wb‡qvwRZ| †h Lv‡Z Ab¨vb¨ †kªYx wb‡qv‡Mi gvÎv cÖvq GK Z…Zxqvsk| e¨w³MZ

I KwgDwbwU Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªg kw³i g‡a¨ abx `wi‡`ªi g‡a¨ dvivK †Zgb

†Pv‡L c‡o bv| hw`I ¸YMZ gv‡b Kv‡Ri wekvj e¨eavb Ges GB GKB K_v

e¨emv evwY‡R¨i †¶‡Î mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| Z‡e †hvMv‡hvM Ges wbg©vYLv‡Z `wi`ª

†kªYxi cÖvwaK¨ weivRgvb| K…wlLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³i gvÎv Kg bq| eis

D‡j­L¨ †h, XvKvi kniZjx Ges Av‡kcv‡ki Rwg‡Z Pvlvev` P‡j Ab¨vb¨

AK…wlRwbZ †ckvi mv‡_ cvj­v w`‡q| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, †KivbxMÄ,

mvfvi, DËiv Ges MvRxcyi m`i _vbvq `wi ª †kªYxi GKwU eo Ask (33%

†_‡K 58%) K…wl Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ (wek¦e¨vsK 2007)|

gRyix, †eZb I by¨bZg Pvwn`v

weweGm KZ…©K m`m¨ cÖKvwkZ gRyix msµvš •ÎgvwmK gRyixi nvi mgx¶v

Abyhvqx K…wl-AK…wl •Øi_ e¨ZxZ LvZIqvix wj½ •elg¨ cÖKU| ¯^fveZB K…wli

Zzjbvq AK…wlLv‡Z gRyix †ewk Ges AK…wl Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ e¨emvq emZx j²x G

K_v aªe mZ¨| Gi c‡iB i‡q‡Q †hvMv‡hvM I wbg©vY LvZ| D‡j­L¨ †h,

wbg©vYLv‡Z †hLv‡b gRyix µgea©gvb hv cyil I bvix kªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î e„w× †c‡q‡Q

105.02% Ges 102%| mgx¶v mwÜKv‡j †hvMv‡hvM Lv‡Z wecixZfv‡e gRyix

K‡g‡Q 15 UvKv wj½wfwËK gRywi •elg¨ me©vwaK cÖKU Svo`vi I AveR©bv

msMÖnKvix‡`i †¶‡Î Ges me‡P‡q Kg dzUcv‡Z Pv we‡µZv I M„n vjxKg©x‡`i

14

†¶‡Î| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bMi`wi ª Rb‡Mvôx GKgvÎ gR yix ev Avq

Qvov Avi †Kvb †mev, myweav ev AwaKvi cvq bv| Zv‡`i kªg wbweo G mKj

Kg©Kv‡Êi †KejgvÎ †h cuywRi Afve Zv bq eis G¸‡jv kªwgK AvB‡bi AvIZvq

c‡o bv| d‡j Zviv mKj ai‡bi AvBbvbyM I mvgvwRK wbivcËv Ges cÖwk¶Y,

F‡Yi myweav I Ab¨vb¨ ejq †_‡K ewÂZ| †c․imyweav †_‡K Zviv ewÂZ hw`I

Zviv wbijmfv‡e RvZxq Z_v bMi A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Ges

Avgv‡`i gZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k bMi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU c`‡¶c Zv‡`i KvwqK

cwikªg e¨ZxZ Pjv `yiƒn|

mviYx 5.1 2006-07 mv‡ji LvZ I wj½ wfwËK gRyix

LvZ

cÖ_g •ÎgvwmK

UvKv

wØZxq •ÎgvwmK

UvKv

bvix/cyi‚l

gRyix

AbycvZ cyil bvix cyil bvix

evsjv‡`k

K…wl 100 100 114.37 110.53 96.6

wbg©vY 183 119 200.00 131.00 65.5

e¨emv-evwYR¨ - - 277.00 - -

†hvMv‡hvM 193 - 189 - -

KwgDwbwU †mev

wi·vPvjK 155 - 155 - -

AveR©bv msMÖnKvix 111 45 105 55 52.39

Rgv`vi/Svo vi 117 63 135 80 59.27

Mvn© ¨ kªwgK 72 55 69 53 76.68

dzUcv‡Zi Pv we‡µZv 152 175 160 189 118.12

XvKv kni

wbg©vY 199 139 209 143 68.42

e¨emv-evwYR¨ - - 277 - -

†hvM‡hvM 218 - 203 - -

KwgDwbwU †mev

wi·vPvjK 155 - 159 - -

AveR©bv msMÖnKvix 93 45 95 55 57.89

Rgv`vi/Svo vi 137 65 168 88 52.38

Mvn© ¨ kªwgK 1629 1638 1617 1380 85.34

dzUcv‡Zi Pv we‡µZv 143 - 165 154 93.33

m~Î: weweGm, 2007: 9, 19-27

15

bMi A_©bxwZ‡Z `wi ª Rb‡Mvôxi Ae`vb

evsjv‡`‡k G hver †h me M‡elYv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z wKsev bMi

A_©bxwZ‡Z `wi ª †kªYxi Ae`vb msµvš †Kvb we‡k­lYag©x Z_¨ cvIqv yiƒn

e¨vcvi| cÖ_gZ: weweGmG Gi kªgkw³ Rwic hw`I XvKvq Ges Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i

Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i cwimsL¨vb †`q, cÖKvwkZ wi‡cv‡U© kniwfwËK

cwimsL¨v‡bi web¨vm †bB| ZvQvovI AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªg kw³i

wj½, kni Ges LvZIqvix wefvRbI cvIqv hvq bv| Z_¨ msµvš G‡nb NvUwZi

wbix‡L AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z bMixi †gvU Drcv`‡bi (City Gross Products)

gva¨‡g Ae`vb Ges G‡¶‡Î `wi`ª †kªYxi Ae`vb wbicb Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv

GKUv cÖqvm Pvwj‡qwQ| g~jZ: wek¦e¨vsK I weweGm KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Z‡_¨i

wfwˇZ G wnmve K‡iwQ| GLv‡b ejv evÃbxq †h, wek¦e¨vsK 2000 mv‡j

weweGm Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i XvKv gnvbMixi kªgkw³i Kg©Kv‡Ê wb‡qvwRZ‡`i

wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Q (mviYx 4.1)| Zv‡Z †KejgvÎ ejv n‡q‡Q †h, `wi ª bvix I

cyi‡li cÖvq 54% AbvbyôvwbK Kg©Kv‡Ê wb‡qvwRZ Z‡e AbvbyôvwbK LvZ ej‡Z

wK eywS‡q‡Q Zvi †Kvb msÁvqb Ges A_©bxwZ‡Z GB Lv‡Zi Ae`v‡bi †Kvb

we‡k­lY †bB|

G‡¶‡Î Avgiv cÖ_‡g AbvbyôwbK LvZ ej‡Z 6wU †e‡Q wb‡qwQ| G¸‡jv n‡jv:

K…wl LvZ, wbg©vY LvZ, ¶z`ª e¨emv evwYR¨, hvbevnb I †hvMv‡hvM LvZ, KwgDwbwU

Ges Mvn© ¨ †mev| Avgiv hvwš¿K Drcv`b LvZ‡K ev` w`‡qwQ KviY G Lv‡Zi

wmsMfvM Ry‡o i‡q‡Q •Zwi †cvkvK wkí hv †emiKvwi AvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi AvIZvq

c‡o| Z‡e GQvovI G Lv‡Zi †ek wKQz Kg©KvÊ AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq|

†hgb c­vw÷K, KuvP, †`kxq evRv‡i wewµZ •Zwi †cvkvK Ges ißvbxgyLx •Zwi

†cvlv‡Ki mnvqK Kg©KvÊ I †mev wfwËK Kg©KvÊ BZ¨vw`|

wKš‧ †gbyd¨vKPvwis †m±‡ii KZUzKz AvbyôvwbK Ges KZUzKz AbvbyôvwbK †m

e¨vcv‡i †Kvb mywbw`©ó gvb`Ê bv _vKvq Avgiv G LvZ‡K Avgv‡`i mgxKi‡Yi

AvIZvq Avb‡Z cvwiwb|

Avgiv †hme LvZ‡K AbvbyôvwbK LvZ wn‡m‡e a‡iwQ Zvi †kªYx wfwËK web¨vm

(mviYx 6.1) †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, `wi`ª I bvwZ `wi ª †kªYxi `yB Z…Zxqvsk Ges

abx †kªYxi GK Z…Zxqvsk GmKj Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ|

16

mviYx 6.1 AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³i †kªYxwfwËK wefvRK

2002

LvZ

†gvU

`wi`ª (kZKiv) cÖvq `wi ª

(kZKiv)

`wi`ª bq

(kZKiv)

K…wl 20.35 17.76 10.54

wbg©vY 3.93 3.80 2.48

e¨emv-evwYR¨ 24.81 32.50 30.87

†hvMv‡hvM 14.93 32.50 30.87

KwgDwbwU †mev 24.15 21.12 7.53

M„n jx 10.51 8.24 15.25

wewea 1.32 1.32 1.59

†gvU 100 100 100

AbvbyôvwbK LvZ 66.50% 67.63% 38.56%

m~Î: wek¦e¨vsK (2006) Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i cÖ¯‧ZK…Z

Avgiv cwimsL¨vbg~jK mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g †`L‡Z cvB †h, K…wlwfwËK Avq hw`

1% e„w× cvq Z‡e XvKv †Rjvi Avq e„w× cv‡e 0.43% hv wbg©vY Lv‡Zi †¶‡Î

`vov‡e 0.41%, hvZvqvZ I †hvMv‡hvM Lv‡Zi Rb¨ 0.28%| ejv evûj¨ †h,

GmKj Lv‡Z `wi`ª †kªYxi GKwU eo Ask RwoZ| GKgvÎ XvKv †Rjvi

wRwWwcÕi Dci UvBg wmwiR-Gi Z_¨ Av‡Q| †m Rb¨ GB mgxKiY D³ Z‡_¨i

Dci Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw`I g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †Rjvi †¶‡Î K…wl Av‡qi hZLvwb

¸iZ¡ Zv XvKv kn‡ii †¶‡Î eûjvs‡k cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|

mviYx 6.2: Av‡qi Dcv`vb msµvš— mgxKiY

cwimsL¨vwbK ¸iZ¡c~Y© PjK w¯wZ¯vcKZv

K…wl 0.43

wbg©vY 0.41

†hvMv‡hvM 0.28

†mev 0.09

m~Î: weweGm-Gi wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖ¯‧ZK…Z

17

LGDPD=1.15+0.431 LAGRI+0.415 LCNSTR+0.096

LTRDE+0.278 LTRNSP-0.095 LSRVCE

SE (.26219) (.062504) (.22607) (.10528) (054099)

(.11572)

t (4.3647) (6.9330) (1.8348) (.90717) (5.1281) (-.82204)

p (.002) (.000) (.100) (.388) (.001) (.432)

R2= .99912 Adjusted R2=.99863 df=9 F(5,9) = 2041.0 (.000)

XvKv kn‡ii A_©bxwZ‡Z AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ae`vb wbiƒcb Ki‡Z Avgiv

wek¦e¨vsK KZ©„K cwi‡ewkZ weweGm Z_¨wfwËK wi‡cv‡U© XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ

†ckvwfwËK Av‡qi †h wnmve †`qv n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡iwQ| mviYx 6.3

†_‡K Avgiv †L‡Z cvwQ †h, 2000 mv‡j XvKv gnvbMi GjvKvq AbvbyôvwbK

Lv‡Zi Ae`vb cÖvq 30% GLv‡b †Kej gvÎ `wi`ª †kªYxi Ae`vb 20% hv G

LvZ Z_v mgMÖ Ae`v‡bi `yB Z„Zxqvsk| GLv‡b D‡j­L¨ †h, Avgiv

g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis LvZ‡K GB mgxKi‡Y Avwbwb| Z‡e g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis LvZ hw` GB

mgxKi‡Y Av‡m Ges †m Lv‡Z •Zwi †cvkv‡Ki Avq Avgiv awi hvi wmsn fvM

Av‡m `wi`ª kªwg‡Ki KvwqK cwikª‡gi e`‡j| Zv n‡j `wi`ª †kªYxi Ae`vb cÖvq

30% †_‡K 35%| wb:m‡›`‡n GwU GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb hv Ae‡njv Kivi

†Kvb Dcvq †Zv †bBB eis `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi GB Ae`vb †_‡K ewÂZ n‡j XvKv

kni I †`‡ki A_©bxwZ ¶wZMÖ¯ n‡e Zv aªe mZ¨|

18

mviYx 6.3: XvKv kn‡ii A_©bxwZ‡Z AbvbyôvwbK Z_v `wi`ª †kªYxi Ae`vb

2000

LvZ `wi`ª

(evwl©K gRyix

UvKvq)

cÖvq `wi`ª

(evwl©K gRyix

UvKvq)

`wi`ª bq

(evwl©K gRyix

UvKvq)

K…wl 11328431712 9303958560 5785157664

wbg©vY 7760579220 7070749956 4828804848

e¨emv-evwYR¨ 23448096000 28897272000 28753416000

†hvMv‡hvM 18419035176 17557325928 9155660760

KwgDwbwU †mev 34284334356 28397399124 44427301800

M„n jx 4533625920 3345030360 6481601520

†gvU gRyix 99774102384 94571735928 99431942592

XvKv gnvbM‡ii

AbvbyôvwbK

Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ

kªgRxexi

evwl©K Avq

293777780904

wZb K¨vUvMwii

kZKiv nvi

33.96% 32.19% 33.85%

XvKv kn‡ii

mKj Lv‡Z

†gvU Avq

1011659400000

XvKv kn‡ii

†gvU Drcv`‡b

AbvbyôvwbK

Lv‡Z Ae`vb

(kZKiv)

29.04%

m~Î: wek¦e¨vsK (2006) Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i cÖ¯‧ZK…Z

G K_v eû †mwgbv‡i I ÁvbMf© cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q †h, bvMwiK Rxe‡b cÖZ¨n

Pjvi c‡_ G `wi ª †kªYxi kªg wewb‡qvM Qvov Avgv‡`i Rxeb APj| evmvi,

mo‡Ki wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi gqjv-AveR©bv hw` GKw`b msMÖn Kiv bv nq Z‡e

XvKv bMix‡Z emevm `yiƒn n‡q c‡o| ga¨weË †kªYx GLbI evsjv‡`‡k wi·v,

A‡Uvwi·v I †hme hvbevn‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj Zvi PvKv †Nvivq GB `wi ª †kªYx|

Avi wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v wgUv‡Z KuvPv-evRvi †_‡K ïi K‡i †mme

19

LyPiv mI`v Avgiv K‡i _vwK Zvi †hvMvb`vi GB `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx| myZivs GB

Rb‡Mvôx‡K AveR©bv wKsev †evSv †f‡e `~‡i †V‡j bv w`‡q Zv‡`i Drcv`b

¶gZv I m„Rbxkw³ wKfv‡e bMi A_©bxwZ‡K AviI Pv½v Ki‡e Zv wb‡q myôz

cwiKíbv I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx c`‡¶c †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|

bMi `wi ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K bMi Rxeb I A_©bxwZi g~javivq m¤ú„³ Kivi Rb¨

wKQz †g․wjK cÖ¯—ve

eZ©gvb `vwi`ª n«vm Kg©m~Pxi (wcAviGmwc) AvIZvq bMi `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨

bvbvgyLx c`‡¶c I bxwZgvjv MÖnb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Gi Rb¨ PvB ev‡R‡U mywbw`©ó

eivÏ I wbgœwjwLZ †¶‡Î wewb‡qvM, †mev I cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb cÖYqb:

K. bM‡i emevmKvix `wi`ª †kªYxi Rb¨ ¯^í Av‡qi Avevmb, mKj ai‡bi †c․i

†mevq Zv‡`i AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv Ges myjf I wbivc` hvZvqvZ I

†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯v|

L. fvi‡Zi Avn‡g`vev‡` AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i H kn‡i †dix

Kiv ev A¯vqxfv‡e evwYwR¨K Kg©KvÊ Pvjvevi Rb¨ H kn‡ii cÖvY‡K‡› ª

wKQz †Rvb wPwýZ K‡i mgq †eu‡a †`Iqv n‡q‡Q- XvKv kn‡iI we‡klZ: evm

Uvwg©bvj, †Uªb †÷kb Ges eo eo cvBKvix evRvi msjMœ ¯v‡b wbw`©ó

mg‡qi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b weµ‡qi myweav _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|

M. Zviv gvjvgvj weµ‡qi †¶‡Î †hb †Kvb Puv`vevwR ev cywjwk nqivwbi wkKvi

bv nq †mw`‡K bRi ivL‡Z n‡e| bMi `wi`ª‡`i g‡a¨ AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡b

wb‡qvwRZ‡`i jvB‡mÝ ev cwiPqcÎ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| G ai‡bi Kv‡R

wb‡qvwRZ mKj bvMwiK‡`i Zv‡`i RxweKv wbe©v‡n wbivcËv I Riix cvwb

I cq:cÖYvjxmn weRjx evwZ I Ab¨vb¨ †mev mieiv‡ni wewbg‡q miKvi

Zv‡`i AvqwfwËK ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi e‡›`ve¯ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

N. Zv‡`i Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b Riix `¶Zv I e¨e¯vcbv Ges

evRviRvZKiY msµvš cÖwk¶Y Ges myjfwfwˇZ cuywRi FY-e¨e¯vcbvi

gva¨‡g †RvMvb †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| bMi`wi ª‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi eivÏ _vKv `iKvi

Ges mgvR‡mevmn Ab¨vb¨ miKvwi ev †emiKvwi ms¯vi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i

cÖwk¶‡Yi AMÖvwaKvi †`qv| bMi`wi ª e¨vsK Pvjy K‡i Zv‡`i cuywRi

mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

O. wcAviGmwc Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq †h mvgvwRK wbivcËv ¯‥xg i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^v¯¨MZ I †cbmb exgv Kivi

D‡`¨vM †bqv cÖ‡qvRb G‡¶‡Î cÖwZ gv‡m Zv‡`i wbKU 10 UvKv K‡i wb‡q

20

Zv‡Z Gi wظY UvKv w`‡q miKvi ev Rxeb exgv K‡c©v‡ikb wKsev Ab¨vb¨

GbwRI †cbkb I ¯v¯¨ exgv Kvh©µg Pvjy Ki‡Z cv‡i|

P. bMi`wi ª †kªYxi wkï‡`i wk¶v‡cv‡hvMx Rb‡Mvôx‡K wk¶v I cÖwk¶‡Yi

Rb¨ Stipend scholarship Ges wk¶v I cªwk¶Y FY Kg©m~Px Pvjy Kiv †h‡Z

cv‡i|

Q. cwi‡k‡l bvix‡`i Rb¨ cyi‡li mgvb †eZb, Dchy³ Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek,

wbivcËv, wk¶v, ¯v¯¨, cÖhyw³MZ I Ab¨vb¨ †g․wjK myweav mieivn Kiv

GKvš cÖ‡qvRb|

- wmwbqi wimvP© †d‡jv, weAvBwWGm, XvKv

21

kªgRxex‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK myi¶v †Kb Ri‚wi

wiRIqvbyj Bmjvg

AvR‡Ki c„w_ex‡Z kªgRxex gvbyl-we‡kl K‡i hviv `wi ª A_ev cÖvq `wi`ª-

cÖwZwbqZB Pv‡ci gy‡L _vK‡Q| wek¦ A_©bxwZ‡Z hLb mymgq wQj ZL‡bv wKš‧

Zv‡`i Ae¯v AvbycvwZK nv‡i DbœZ nqwb| e¯‧Z, †gvU Drcv`‡b kªwg‡Ki (Ges

kª‡gi) Ask µgvš‡q K‡g hvwQj| Avi wek¦ A_©bxwZ hLb wewfbœ ai‡bi msKU

A_ev av°vi m¤§ywLb nq ZLb kªwg‡Ki Dci †h AwZwi³ Pvc co‡e Zv mn‡RB

Abygvb (ev AvksKv) Kiv hvq| wKš‧ b¨vq, Kj¨vb A_ev `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi `„wó‡Kvb

†_‡K †`L‡j kªwg‡Ki GB Ae¯v †gv‡UB Kvg¨ bq| Z‡e Kxfv‡e GB Ae¯vi

DbœwZ Kiv hvq? GB cÖ‡kœi GKwU DËi n‡Q mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev mvgvwRK

myi¶v|

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Ges mvgvwRK myi¶v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? mvgvwRK wbivcËv

ej‡Z g~jZ GKwU mvgvwRK exgvwfwËK e¨e¯v, †hLv‡b A‡bK gvby‡li SuywK

GKÎ Kiv nq Ges `ytmg‡qi e¨e¯v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wKQy Ae`vb

iv‡L| 1952 mv‡j M„nxZ AvšR©vwZK kªg ms¯vi 102 b¤^i Kb‡fbk‡b bqwU

Ae¯vi mvgvwRK myi¶vi (ev exgvi) K_v ejv n‡q‡Q; †m¸‡jv n‡Q wPwKrmv,

my¯Zvi mgq fvZv, †eKviZ¡, e„× eqm, Kg©iZ Ae¯vq `yN©Ubv, cwiev‡ii

AvqZb, gvZ…Z¡, cÖwZeÜx nIqv Ges weaev nIqv|

Ic‡ii eY©bv †_‡K †evSv hvq, we‡kl Kvi‡Y m„ó Ae¯vi †gvKv‡ejv KivB

mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯vi `vwqZ¡| wKš‧ wbæ Av‡qi Dbœqbkxj ev ¯^‡ívbœZ

†`k¸‡jvq G ai‡bi we‡kl KviY QvovI `vwi`ª¨ weivR K‡i| †m ai‡bi Ae¯v

†gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ exgvwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv QvovI Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK

mnvqZv Kg©m~wPi cÖ‡qvRb nq| miKvwi ev‡RU †_‡K A_©vq‡bi gva¨‡g `wi`ª

Rb‡Mvôxi j‡¶¨ M„nxZ Kvh©µg¸‡jv mvgvwRK mnvqZvi AvIZvq c‡o| G

ai‡bi Kvh©µg¸‡jv‡K mvaviYfv‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Rvj e‡jI AvL¨vwqZ

Kiv nq|

evsjv‡`‡k eq¯‥fvZv, wfwRwW-wfwRGd, Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨, 100 w`‡bi

Kg©ms¯vb cÖKí BZ¨vw`‡K GB †kªYxi AvIZvq †djv hvq| exgvwfwËK mvgvwRK

wbivcËve¨e¯v Ges ev‡RU †_‡K A_©vwqZ mvgvwRK mnvqZv Kg©m~wP‡K GK‡Î

D‡j­L Kivi Rb¨ ÔmvgvwRK myi¶vÕ kã¸Q e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

22

mvgvwRK wbivcËv m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖPwjZ aviYv GB †h G ai‡bi e¨e¯v DbœZ

†`k¸‡jvi Rb¨B †ewk cÖ‡hvR¨| KviY Avi GKwU ch©v‡q bv †M‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi

exgvi Rb¨ A‡_©i e¨e¯v Kiv `y¯‥i| G aviYvi †cQ‡b mvaviYfv‡e hyw³

_vK‡jI GwU cy‡ivcywi mwVK bq| A‡bK mgq GUvI ejv nq †h AbybœZ

†`k¸‡jvq cwieviB ytmg‡q (†hgb Amy Zv, †eKviZ¡, ev eq¯‥ Ae¯vq)

mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| myZivs mvgvwRK wbivcËv GZ Riwi bq| e¯‧Z, 1997-

98 mv‡j Gwkqvi A_©‣bwZK msK‡Ui mgq ÔGkxq g~j¨‡evaÕ-Gi K_v †ek †kvbv

wM‡qwQj| Ges †mB g~j¨‡eva‡K wfwË K‡i hyw³ †`Lv‡bv n‡qwQj IB mvgvwRK

wbivcËv e¨e¯v kw³kvjx bv KivUv †Kvb fyj wQj bv| Z‡e †mB hyw³ KZUv

mwVK wQj †m wel‡q Avgiv GKUz c‡iB wd‡i Avme|

evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv †Kb Ges Kv‡`i Rb¨? cÖ_‡gB ejv

`iKvi †h evsjv‡`‡ki kªgkw³i kZKiv 10 fv‡MiI Kg †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK

Lv‡Z Kg©iZ Ges evKx mevB AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z| A‡bK mgq g‡b Kiv nq †h

mvgvwRK wbivcËv ïay AvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ‡`i †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨, Ab¨‡`i Rb¨

bq| wKš‧ †mUv mwVK bq| †f‡e †`Lyb c‡_i av‡ii GKwU †givg‡Zi †`vKv‡bi

K_v, †hLv‡b GKRb ¶z`ª D‡`¨v³v `y-GKRb kªwgKI wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zv‡`i

†KD Amy Zvi Rb¨ Kv‡R Abycw¯Z _vK‡j †mB K‡qK w`‡bi Rb¨ gRywi cv‡eb

wK? Zuvi wPwKrmviB e¨e¯v Kx? †Kvb Kvi‡Y wZwb GB KvR †_‡K QuvUvB n‡j

cieZ©x KvR bv cvIqv ch©š Zuvi Rxeb avi‡Yi e¨e¯v Kx? wZwb e„× n‡j Ges

Avi KvR Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j ZLb wKfv‡e Rxeb aviY Ki‡eb? G ai‡bi cÖkœ Kiv

hvq A‡bK ¶z`ª D‡`¨v³v m¤ú‡K©I| Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡Ki Rb¨| myZivs mvgvwRK

wbivcËvi K_v ej‡j mevi K_vB fve‡Z n‡e, we‡kl †Kvb †kªYx ev As‡ki Rb¨

bq|

†Kb mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wKQyUv Dc‡iB ejv n‡q‡Q| Zvi m‡½ †hvM

Ki‡Z n‡e AvR‡Ki c„w_ex‡Z evRvi A_©bxwZ †_‡K m„ó wewfbœ ai‡bi

AwbðqZv| †Kvb cb¨ ev †mevi Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w×i Dci wbf©i K‡i Zvi

Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ msMwVZ A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi IVvbvgv| Avi †mB IVvbvgvi

m‡½ RwoZ _v‡K Kg©ms¯vb| wek¦vq‡bi d‡j wek¦, A_©bxwZi wewfbœ As‡ki g‡a¨

M‡o D‡V‡Q Nwbô AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv| Gi mydj †hgb i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q

SyuwK| eZ©gv‡b Pjgvb wek¦ A_©‣bwZK g›`vB Gi cÖK…ó D`vniY| GB g›`vi

d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb PvKwi nviv‡Q Av‡gwiKvi e¨vsK Kg©KZ©v †_‡K ïi K‡i

wkíkªwgK, †Zgwb PvKwi nviv‡Q Pxb ev fvi‡Zi kªwgK Ges SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q

evsjv‡`‡ki wkíkªwgKI|

23

1997-98 mv‡j Gwkqvi A_©‣bwZK msKU ïi nq _vBj¨v‡Û| wKš‧ Zvici Zv

`ªZ Qwo‡q c‡o †Kvwiqv, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, gvj‡qwkqv BZ¨vw` †`‡k| PvKwi nvivq

jvL jvL kªwgK| 2001 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi g›`v `xN© vqx bv n‡jI Zvi

cÖfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯ nq A‡bK †`k, PvKwi nvivq A‡bK kªwgK (evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK

†cvkvK kªwgKI)| †gvÏv K_v GB †h, eZ©gvb we‡k¦i A_©‣bwZK A‡bK

AwbðqZv †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z nq, hvi d‡j A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê IVvbvgvI nq

AZ¨vwaK| Avi gv‡S g‡a¨B G ai‡bi IVvbvgv cwibZ nq A_©‣bwZK msK‡U|

Nb Nb IVvbvgv Ges A_©‣bwZK msK‡Ui gy‡L `wi ª Rb‡Mvôx, we‡kl K‡i

kªgRxex gvby‡li Rxeb c‡o hvq AwaKZi Pv‡ci gy‡L|

†hme †`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv `ye©j, †mLv‡b `wi`ª‡`i ¯vfvweKfv‡eB wbf©i

Ki‡Z nq cwievi ev e¨w³wfwËK e¨e¯vi Ici| D`vniY¯iƒc 1997-98 mv‡j

Gwkqvi A_©‣bwZK msK‡Ui mgq _vBj¨vÛ Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqvq A‡bK kªgRxex

`wi`ª gvbyl PvKwi nvwi‡q MÖv‡g wd‡i wM‡q cwiev‡ii Ici wbf©ikxj n‡Z eva¨

nq| †m mgq Gkxq g~j¨‡eva wb‡q A‡bK eovB K‡i‡Qb wVKB wKš‧ Av`‡Z hv

n‡qwQj Zv n‡jv ¯í cwigvY Avq fvM K‡i †bIqv Ges Zvi d‡j GKwU bZzb

`wi`ª †kªYx m„wó nIqv|

eZ©gv‡b wek¦ A_©bxwZ g›`vi ga¨ w`‡q hv‡Q Ges Zvi d‡j DbœqYkxj

†`k¸‡jvI ¶wZMÖ¯ n‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Ici ¶wZKi cÖfve †Zgb Zxeª bv

n‡jI BwZg‡a¨B wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î †h SzuwK i‡q‡Q Zv cwi®‥vi| GiKg Ae¯vq

mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev myi¶vi K_v †Zvjv KZUv hyw³hy³?

Avgvi g‡Z GB mgqB `wi`ª‡`i RxebhvÎvi K_v Ges †mB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Zv‡`i

Kg©ms¯vb Ges mvgvwRK myi¶vi K_v AviI †ewk K‡i fve‡Z n‡e| KviY

A_©‣bwZK msK‡Ui gy‡L †h ai‡bi SuywK Av‡m †m¸‡jv †gvKvwejv Kivi ¶gZv

Zv‡`i A‡bK Kg| Ges msK‡Ui mgq mvgvwRK wbivcËv-myi¶v †Rvi`vi K‡i

`vwi`ª¨ e„w× †iva Kiv hvq-G iKg D`vniYI wKš‧ i‡q‡Q| G cÖm‡½ AveviI

†h‡Z nq 1997-98 mv‡ji Gwkqvi A_©‣bwZK msK‡Ui AwfÁZvq| †m mgq

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv †eKviZ¡ fvZvi AvIZvq _vKv †jv‡Ki msL¨v evwo‡q mvgvwRK

wbivcËv kw³kvjx K‡i| m‡½ m‡½ MYc~Z© Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g Kg©ms¯vb m„wó

K‡i †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi e„w× †iv‡ai †Póv K‡i| _vBj¨v‡ÛI †m mgqB †eKviZ¡

exgvi wPšvfvebv ïi Kiv nq Ges `ªZ †m e¨e¯v MÖnY Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K

B‡›`v‡bwkqvq Kg©ms¯vb cÖKí Pvjy Kiv nq, wKš‧ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi j‡¶¨ `xN©

†gqvw` †Kvb e¨e¯v MÖnY Kiv nqwb| d‡j †`Lv wM‡qwQj †h B‡›`v‡bwkqvq

`vwi`ª A‡bK †ewk †e‡owQj| Avi _vBj¨vÛ Ges †Kvwiqv‡Z `vwi`ªª wKQy evo‡jI

Zviv `ªZ Av‡Mi Ae¯vq wd‡i †h‡Z †c‡iwQj|

24

evsjv‡`‡ki gZ †`‡k Kx ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËve¨e¯v Pvjy Kiv hvq? Aemi

fvZv (PjwZ fvlvq †cbkb) ev †eKviZ¡ fvZvi K_vB aiv hvK| AvBGjIi

GKRb A_©bxwZwe` _vBj¨vÛ Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Rb¨ wnmve K‡i †`wL‡qwQ‡jb

†h Qq gvm ch©š wbqwgZ Av‡qi A‡a©K †eKviZ¡fvZvi e¨e¯v Kivi Rb¨ hv LiP

n‡e Zv miKvi, gvwjK Ges kªwgKÑmevi c‡¶B enb Kiv m¤¢e| G ai‡bi

GKwU wnmve evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨I Kiv DwPZ Ges Zvi wfwˇZ †eKviZ¡ fvZv Pvjy

Kivi j‡¶¨ ev e c`‡¶c MÖnb Kiv DwPZ|

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ‡`i mvgvwRK myi¶v cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ Kx Kiv †h‡Z

cv‡i Zvi GKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨ D`vniY 2008 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i fvi‡Zi msm‡`

cvk Kiv GKwU AvBb, hvi bvg Unorganized workers Social Security Bill,

2008 (A_©vr AmsMwVZ kªwgK‡`i wbivcËv wej 2008)| GB AvB‡bi gva¨‡g

AvMvgx cuvP eQ‡i 34 †KvwU kªwgK‡Ki ¯^v¯¨, Rxeb Ges c ÖwZeÜKZv exgv,

†cbkb Ges `jMZ `yN©Ubv w¯‥‡gi AvIZvq Avbvi e¨e¯v i‡q‡Q| Gi †Kvb

†KvbwU‡Z (†hgb †cbkb) AskMÖnYKvix‡K wKQy A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e, Avi

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU (†hgb ¯v¯¨ I Rxebexgv, g¨vUviwbwU myweav) AskMÖnYKvixi

Puv`v QvovB Pj‡e| AbybœZ †`k¸‡jvq `vwi ª n«vm Ges mvgvwRK myi¶vi

cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z fvi‡Z M„nxZ AvBbwU wbtm‡›`‡n hyMvšKvix Ges D™¢vebx| Avwg

g‡b Kwi †h AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK myi¶v e¨e¯v Pvjy Kivi

†¶‡Î GB D`vniY †_‡K A‡bK mvnvh¨ cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| fvi‡Zi GB

c`‡¶c †_‡K GUv ejv hvq †h DbœqYkxj †`‡ki AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z

wb‡qvwRZ‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK myi¶vi welq fvev †Kv‡bv wejvm bq Ges †mB

j‡¶¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ev¯e e¨e¯vI mv‡a¨i evB‡i bq|

GKUv K_v wVK †h AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi Rb¨ mvgvwRK myi¶vi e¨e¯v Ki‡Z n‡j

wPšvfvebvq wKQyUv D™¢vebx n‡Z n‡e| miKv‡ii GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv Aek¨B

_vK‡Z n‡e, wKš‧ Ggb GKwU KvVv‡gv wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e hv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e miKv‡ii

Ici wbf©ikxj n‡e bv| mykxj mgvR, GbwRI, miKvwi Ges Avav miKvwi

cÖwZôv‡bi mgš‡q GKwU Askx`vwiZ¡g~jK KvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g GB e¨e¯v Ki‡Z

n‡e, †hLv‡b kªwgK Ges gvwjK mevB AskMÖnY Ki‡eb|

†jLvwU 5 gvP© 2009 cÖKvwkZ •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv cwÎKv †_‡K msM„wnZ

wbe‡Ü cÖKvwkZ gZvgZ †jL‡Ki wbR¯^

we‡kl Dc‡`óv, Kg©ms¯’vb LvZ, AvBGjI, †R‡bfv|

25

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwg‡Ki

AwaKvi myi¶vq †UªW BDwbq‡bi f~wgKv

Aveyj †nvmvBb

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwgK

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi ¯xK…Z †Kvb msÁv †bB| AbvbyôvwbK LvZ g~jZ: †hLv‡b kªg

AvBb we‡kl K‡i KviLvbv AvBb, kªwgK wb‡qvM AvBb, gRyix AvBb, ¶wZc~iY

AvBb, wkí m¤úK© AvBb h_v_© ev¯ evqb m¤¢e nq bv| GB Lv‡Zi cÖavb cÖavb

•ewk󨸇jv n‡Q cvwievwiK gvwjKvbv, ¶z ª I KzwUi wkí ev e¨emv evwYR¨,

kªgNb Ges †`kxq cÖhyw³ wbf©iZv Ges Avš:†`kxq evRvi wbf©iZv BZ¨vw`| GK

K_vq †h Lv‡Z kªg AvBb ev¯evqb m¤¢e bq, Ggb LvZ‡K AbvbyôvwbK LvZ ev

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| gy³evRvi Ges K‡c©v‡iU wek¦vq‡bi

gva¨‡g cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ aŸs‡mi ci AbvbyôvwbK LvZ µgkB e„w× cv‡Q|

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgRxex we‡kl K‡i bvix kªgRxexiv kªg †¶‡Î

AwR©Z AwaKvi I my‡hvM myweav †_‡K ewÂZ| †`‡ki kªgkw³i wmsMfvM GLb

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ| GB Lv‡Z kªgRxex‡`i AwaKvi msi¶‡Yi Rb¨

bZzb AvBb I kªgbxwZ `iKvi| cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ cÖYxZ AvBb

I bxwZ w`‡q AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi msi¶Y Kiv m¤¢e

bq| m`¨ cvkK…Z kªg AvB‡b K…wl I M„nkªwgK‡K Ašf©~³ Kiv nqwb| A_P GB

`yB Lv‡Z wecyj msL¨K bvix kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ| cvk¦©eZ©x †`k fviZe‡l©

AmsMwVZ Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ bZzb wej cv‡ki A‡c¶vq i‡q‡Q| GB we‡j

cÖvq me ai‡bi kªwgK we‡kl K‡i K…wl, KzwUi wkí, †`vKvb, wbg©vY, cwienY,

Lvgvi, nKvi, Kvgvi, Kzgvi, †R‡j, ZuvwZ, gvwS-gvj­v GgbwK M„nkªwgK‡`i‡KI

Ašf©~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

26

evsjv‡`‡ki kªgkw³i cwimsL¨vb

2004 mv‡ji cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ

kªgkw³i cwimsL¨vb wbgœiƒc:

†gvU kªgkw³i cwigvY 44.3 wgwjqb

bvix 10.3 wgwjqb

cyil 36.0 wgwjqb

K. K…wl, eb I grm¨ Lv‡Z 22.9 wgwjqb

L. Drcv`b Lv‡Z 4.3 wgwjqb

M. M¨vm, we y¨r, cvwb 0.1 wgwjqb

N. wbg©vY Lv‡Z 1.5 wgwjqb

O. †`vKvb, †nv‡Uj-†i÷z‡i›U 6.7 wgwjqb

P. †hvMv‡hvM I hvZvqvZ 3.0 wgwjqb

Q. evwYwR¨K I Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b 0.3 wgwjqb

R. M„nK‡g© (M„nea~mn) 25.5 wgwjqb

bvix 24.5 wgwjqb

cyil 1.0 wgwjqb

AbvbyôvwbK LvZ I †ckvMZ wbivcËv : kª‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv

Dc‡i D‡j­wLZ kªg cwimsL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g †`Lv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki kªg kw³i

GKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨ Ask AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ| wek¦vq‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z G LvZ

µgkB ùxZ n‡Q| wKš‧ wekvj GB Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgRxex gvbyl‡`i †ckvMZ

wbivcËv †bB| we‡kl K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËv †bB ej‡jB P‡j| GB Lv‡Z

wb‡qvwRZ kªgRxex gvbyl‡`i kª‡gi AwaKvi I gh©v`v cÖwZwôZ bq| kªg AwaKvi

AvBbB ¯^xK…Z †bB| G Lv‡Zi kªg Drcv`bkxjZv Zzjbvg~jK Kg| kªg

Drcv`bkxjZv Kg weavq kª‡gi DØ„Ë g~j¨I Kg •Zwi nIqvq GLv‡Z gybvdvI

Kg| d‡j AwaKZi gybvdv AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ kª‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×i j‡¶¨ G

Lv‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ I e¨e¯vcbvi †Kvb weKí †bB|

†UªW BDwbqb I †UªW BDwbq‡bi gZv`k©

evsjv‡`k kªg AvBb 2006 G †UªW BDwbqb‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e,

ÒkªwgK I gvwjK m¤úK© A_ev kªwgK Ges kªwgK m¤úK© wbqš¿Y Kivi j‡¶ MwVZ

msMVb|Ó kªg AvBb Abyhvqx †UªW BDwbqbB n‡Q kªwgK‡`i GKgvÎ •ea

cÖwZwbwa| gvK©mxq cwifvlvq kªwgK msMVb‡K ejv nq †kªYx msMVb| kªwgK

27

†kªYxi cvwU©‡K ejv nq kªwgK †kªYxi ivR‣bwZK msMVb| kªwgK †kªYxi gZv`k©

n‡Q †kvlY-wbcxo‡bi wei‡× b¨vqm½Z msMÖvg cwiPvjbv Kiv| †UªW

BDwbqb‡K ejv nq kªwgK †kªYxi cÖv_wgK cvVkvjv|

evsjv‡`k kªg AvBb Ges cÖwZôvb, wkí, kªwgK I †UªW BDwbqb

K. cÖwZôvb A_© †Kvb †`vKvb, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb, wkí cÖwZôvb A_ev evwo Ni

ev Avw½bv †hLv‡b †Kvb wkí cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv nq|

L. cÖwZôvbcyÄ A_© GKB A_ev wewfbœ gvwj‡Ki Aax‡b †Kvb wbw ©ó GjvKvq

Ggb GKvwaK cªwZôvb †h¸‡jv‡Z GKB cÖKv‡ii ev ai‡bi wkí cwiPvwjZ

nq|

M. wkí A_© †h †Kvb e¨emv evwYR¨ Drcv`b e„wË, †ckv, PvKzwi ev wb‡qvM

N. kªwgK A_© wk¶bvaxbmn †Kvb e¨w³, Zvnvi PvK zwii kZ©vejx cÖKvk¨ ev Dn¨

†hfv‡eB _vKzK bv †Kb, whwb †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b ev wk‡í mivmwifv‡e ev †Kvb

wVKv`v‡ii gva¨‡g gRywi ev A‡_© I wewbg‡q †Kvb `¶, A`¶, KvwqK,

KvwiMwi, e¨emv Dbœqbg~jK A_ev †KivwbwMwii KvR Kivi Rb¨ wbhy³ nb,

wKš‧ cÖavbZ cÖkvmwbK ev e¨e¯vcbvg~jK Kv‡R `vwqZ¡ cÖvß †Kvb e¨w³

Bnvi Ašf~©³ nB‡e bv|

O. wb‡gœv³ cÖwZôvb I cÖwZôvbcy‡Äi kªwg‡Kiv †UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi

msi¶Y K‡i|

1) e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb moK cwienY, wi·vmn; 2) e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb Af¨šixY

†b․cwienY; 3) Abya© 100 kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ `wR© I †cvlvK cÖ¯‧ZKvix wkí;

4) Pv wkí; 5) RyU †ewjs; 6) Pvgov wkí; 7) wewo wkí; 8) n¯PvwjZ wkí

ZuvZ; 9) †nvwmqvwi; 10) QvcvLvbv; 11) AbwaK 25 AwZw_ K¶ wewkó †nv‡Uj

A_ev †gv‡Uj; 12) †nv‡U‡ji Ask wn‡m‡e bq Ggb †i‡¯viv; 13) ¶z`ª avZe

wkí; 14) eB euvavB; 15) wm‡bgv Ges w_‡qUvi|

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK I RvZxq kªwgK Av‡›`vjb

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq wfwËK kªwgK msMVb¸‡jv g~jZ: cÖvwZôvwbK I msMwVZ

Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i mvsMVwbKfv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| gy³evRvi I wek¦vqb wkí

kªgLv‡Zi †h cÖ¯ve †d‡j‡Q Zvi wbôziZvi wkKvi me©¯‡ii kªgRxexiv| GK

cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv †M‡Q †h, evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU kªgkw³i 5 kZvs‡kiI Kg

cÖvwZôvwbK I msMwVZ Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ| G Z‡_¨ cÖgvwYZ nq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki

RvZxq kªwgK Av‡›`vjb-msMVb¸‡jvi mvsMVwbK ye©jZv|

28

RvZxq kªwgK Av‡›`vjb-msMVb¸‡jvi GKwU Ask AcÖvwZôvwbK I AmsMwVZ

Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i wb‡q wPšvfvebv Ki‡jI GLbI ch©š G‡`i msMwVZ Kivi

cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZ I †K․kj wKsev Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| Gi GKwU

eo KviY n‡Q RvZxq kªwgK Av‡›`vjb-msMVb¸‡jvi Av`k©nxbZv I `jxq

†jRyowewË| gy³evRvi e¨e¯vi †fvMev`x gvbwmKZv AvR RvZxq kªwgK †bZ…Z¡‡K

Kz‡i Kz‡i Lv‡Q|

bvix kªwg‡Ki Av‡›`vjb msMVb

bvix kªwg‡Ki Av‡›`vjb msMVb kw³kvjx bq, m¤cÖwZ wKQz D‡`¨vM M„nxZ n‡jI

Zv †gv‡UB kw³kvjx bq| M„n bvix kªwg‡Ki GKwU msMVb KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ

cÖPvicÎ msMVbwU‡K bvix kªwgK‡`i wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q Gfv‡e, ÒG‡`‡k hyM hyM a‡i

`wi`ª bvix‡`i GKwU eo Ask M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ| GB bvixiv KL‡bv wb‡Ri,

KL‡bv A‡b¨i M„nKg© m¤úv`b K‡i RxweKv Pvjvq| GKwesk kZvãx‡Z Giv

kªwg‡Ki ¯xK…wZ cvqwb| G‡`i kªg‡K A_©g~‡j¨ wnmve Kiv nq bv|

bvix `y`©kv †hgb ivóªxq KvVv‡gv‡Z, †Zgwb mgvR KvVv‡gv‡ZI| Dfq KvVv‡gvB

cÖkªq †`q bvix wbh©vZb| we`¨gvb GB KvVv‡gv‡K AvNvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb bvix

Av‡›`vjb, we‡kl K‡i kªgRxex bvix Av‡›`vjb †gv‡UB kw³kvjx bq| wek¦ Ry‡oB

Pj‡Q bvixi Agh©v`v| AvR bq, A‡bK Kvj †_‡KB| †mB hLb †_‡K bvixi

`vwqZ¡ mšv‡bi Rbbx nIqv Ges jvjb cvjb Kiv, ivbœv-evbœv Kiv, Ni mvRv‡bv

BZ¨vw`| kªg wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡eB|

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwg‡Ki AvBbMZ AwaKvi

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKiv GLbI kªg AvB‡bi Ašf©~³ nqwb| †`‡k G‡`i

Rb¨ †Kvb AvBb bvB, bvB †Kvb bxwZgvjv| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki kvmbZ‡š¿i 15

aviv †gvZv‡eK †`‡ki mKj bvMwiKMY msMwVZ nIqvi AwaKvi myi¶v K‡i|

GQvov M„n kªwg‡Ki RvZxq wKsev AvšR©vwZK AvBb Øviv msMwVZ nIqv ev

Zv‡`i kªg AwaKvi myi¶v Kiv|

RvwZmsN gvbevwaKvi mb`

RvwZms‡Ni mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi mb` Gi ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK

mb‡` bvMwiK‡`i AwaKvi msi¶Y K‡i| RvwZms‡Ni mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi

mb‡`i 3, 20, 23 avivq ejv nq, Gfv‡e-

29

aviv-3: cÖ‡Z¨‡K‡iB Rxeb-aviY, ¯vaxbZv I e¨w³ wbivcËvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

aviv-20: K. cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB kvwšc~Y©fv‡e mw¤§wjZ nIqvi AwaKvi

i‡q‡Q|

L. KvD‡KB †Kvb msNfy³ n‡Z eva¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|

aviv-23: K. cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB KvR Kivi, Aev‡a PvKzix wbe©vP‡bi, Kv‡Ri

Rb¨ b¨vh¨ I AbyK~j Ae¯v jv‡fi Ges †eKviZ¡ †_‡K iw¶Z

nIqvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

L. cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB †Kvb •elg¨ e¨wZ‡i‡K mgvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨

mgvb †eZb cvIqvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

M.cÖ‡Z¨K Kg©x Zvi wb‡Ri I cwiev‡ii gvbweK gh©v`v i¶vi

wbðqZv w`‡Z m¶g Ggb b¨vh¨ I AbyK~j cvwikªwgK Ges

cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a †mB m‡½ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨

myweav jv‡fi AwaKvix|

N. cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB wbR ¯^v_© i¶v‡_© kªwgK BDwbqb MVb I G‡Z

†hvM`v‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb

aviv-15: iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg †g․wjK `vwqZ¡ n‡e cwiKwíZ A_©‣bwZK weKv‡ki

gva¨‡g Drcv`b kw³i µge„w×mvab Ges RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi e¯‧MZ I ms¯‥…wZ

gv‡bi DbœwZmvab, hvnv‡Z bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ welqmg~n AR©b wbwðZ

Kiv hvq|

K) Abœ, e¯¿, Avkªq, wk¶v I wPwKrmvmn Rxebavi‡Yi †g․wjK DcKi‡Yi

e¨e v|

L) K‡g©i AwaKvi A_©vr K‡g©i ¸Y I cwigvY we‡ePbv Kwiqv hyw³m½Z gRywii

wewbg‡q Kg©ms¯v‡bi wbðqZvi AwaKvi|

M) mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi A_©vr †eKviZ¡, e¨vwa ev c½yRwbZ wKsev

•eae¨, gvZv-wcZ…nxbZv ev eva©¨K¨RwbZ wKsev Abyiƒc Ab¨vb¨

cwiw¯wZRwbZ Kvi‡Y AfveMÖ Zvi †¶‡Î miKvwi mvnvh¨ jv‡fi AwaKvi|

aviv-20: Kg© nB‡Z‡Q Kg©¶g cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki c‡¶ AwaKvi, KZ©e¨ I

m¤§v‡bi welq Ges ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU nB‡Z †hvM¨Zvbymv‡i I cÖ‡Z¨K‡K

Kg©vbyhvqxÓ GB bxwZi wfwˇZ ¯^xq K‡g©i Rb¨ cvwikªwgK jvf Kwi‡eb|

30

10. evsjv‡`k kªg AvB‡b Kg©¯’‡j kªwg‡Ki wb‡æv³ wel‡q AwaKvi msi¶Y

K‡i:

K. wb‡qvMcÎ, cwiPqcÎ I mvwf©meyK

cvIqv

L. msMwVZ nIqv ev †UªW BDwbqb

Kiv

M. gRywi I wظY nv‡i IfviUvBg

fvZv

N. mvßvwnK I Pvi gv‡mi m‡eZ‡b

gvZ…Z¡Kvj¨vY QzwU

O. PvKzwi ev K‡g©i wbivcËv P. †ckvMZ ¯v¯¨ I wbivcËv

Q. wbivc` evm vb R. e¨w³MZ wbivcËv

S. wkï jvjb cvjb I wk¶v T. ¶wZc~iY cvIqv

U. mvgvwRK myi¶v cvIqv (†cbkb,

cÖwf‡W›U dvÊ, MÖvPz¨BwU, exgv BZ¨vw`)

V. wbivc` Awfevmb

W. mKj cÖKvi nqivwb-wbh©vZb I

•elg¨ †_‡K gyw³

X. e¨e¯vcbvq Askx`vwiZ¡

Y. gybvdvq Askx`vwiZ¡ Z. mywePvi cvIqvi AwaKvi

_. Ab¨vq-AwePv‡ii wei‡×

Av‡›`vjbmn ag©NU Kiv

wkí kªwgK I AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwg‡Ki AvBbx AwaKv‡ii Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ

µg wkí kªwgK AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK

1. wb‡qvMcÎ, cwiPqcÎ Av‡Q wb‡qvMcÎ, cwiPqcÎ †bB

2. wbw`©ó Kg©N›Uv Av‡Q wbw`©ó Kg©N›Uv †bB

3. wbw`©ó gRyix KvVv‡gv Av‡Q wbw`©ó gRyix KvVv‡gv †bB

4. mvßvwnK QzwU Av‡Q mvßvwnK QzwU †bB

5. AwR©Z, Drme, wPwKrmv I

gvZ…Z¡Kvj¨vY QzwU Av‡Q

AwR©Z, Drme, wPwKrmv I

gvZ…Z¡Kvj¨vY QzwU †bB

6. PvKzixi wewagvjv Av‡Q PvKzixi wewagvjv †bB

7. †ckvMZ ¯v¯¨ wbivcËv myiw¶Z †ckvMZ ¯v ¨ wbivcËv myiw¶Z †bB

8. mvgvwRK myi¶v Av‡Q mvgvwRK myi¶v †bB

9. PvKzixi eqm mxgv Av‡Q PvKzixi eqm mxgv †bB

10. AemiKvjxb fvZv Av‡Q AemiKvjxb fvZv †bB

11. kªwgK wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z kªwgK wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z bq

12. †UªW BDwbqb I wmweG AwaKvi Av‡Q †UªW BDwbqb I wmweG AwaKvi †bB

13. †ckvMZ wbivcËv I ¶wZc~i‡Yi

AwaKvi Av‡Q

†ckvMZ wbivcËv I ¶wZc~i‡Yi

AwaKvi †bB

31

AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ Kivi †¶‡Î †UªW BDwbq‡bi f~wgKv

†UªW BDwbqb n‡Q kªwgK‡`i cÖv_wgK †kªYx msMVb| GB cÖv_wgK msMV‡b

kªwg‡Kiv msMwVZ n‡q Zv‡`i AwaKvi I `vex `vIqv KZ…©c‡¶i Kv‡Q †ck K‡i

Av‡jvPbv I msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g c~iY K‡i| †UªW BDwbq‡b †h cªwZôv‡bi mKj

kªwgK `j-gZ-RvwZ-ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l msMwVZ n‡q AwaKvi m‡PZb I k„Ljv

AR©b K‡i| kªg AvB‡b †UªW BDwbqb n‡Q g~L¨Z; kªwgK Ges gvwj‡Ki m¤úK©,

A_ev kªwgK Ges kªwg‡Ki m¤úK© wbqš¿Y Kivi j‡¶¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ QvovB mKj

kªwg‡Ki †UªW BDwbqb MVb Kivi Ges mswk­ó BDwbq‡bi MVbZš¿ mv‡c‡¶

Zv‡`i wbR¯ cQ‡›`i †UªW BDwbq‡b †hvM`v‡bi AwaKvi _vwK‡e| G †_‡K

¯úUB †h †UªW BDwbqb kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ Kivi †¶‡Î fywgKv iv‡L|

cyiv‡bv e„Ë fvs‡Z n‡e, bZzb w`kv w`‡Z n‡e

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi welqwU Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZ, kªwgK

Av‡›`vjb, mvgvwRK wKsev gvbevwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b KLbB Lye GKUv cÖvavb¨

cvqwb| we‡kl K‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwg‡Kiv| A_P GB bvix

kªwg‡Kiv me‡P‡q †kvwlZ-wbh©vwZZ Ges msL¨vi wePv‡iI weivU| G‡`‡ki kªg

Av‡›`vjb cyiv‡bv e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ NyicvK Lv‡Q eûKvj a‡i| nv‡j GB cwiwa

AwZµg K‡i gy³evRvi bxwZ MÖnY Kivi d‡j cuywRcwZ †kªYxi †mevq g‡bvwb‡ek

Kiv n‡Q| d‡j AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgRxex gvby‡li Rxeb-RxweKv I

gvbevwaKvi wbwðZK‡í AvBbx myi¶vi †Kvb weKí †bB| bZzb wPšv I bZzb aviv

kªg Av‡›`vjb‡K M‡o Zz‡j GB †KvwU †KvwU kªgRxex gvbyl‡`i HK¨e× Ki‡Z

m¶g n‡j kªg Av‡›`vj‡bi cyiv‡bv e„ËUv †f‡½ hv‡e| †`‡ki ivRbxwZ, kªwgK I

bvix, gvbevwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b Mfxi g‡bvwb‡ek Kiv mg‡qi `vex| KviY Avgiv

g‡b Kwi, Ògvbegyw³i †Kvb msMÖvg mvdj¨ AwR©Z n‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv †mB

msMÖv‡g kªgRxex bvixi e¨vcK As‡ki AskMÖnb wbwðZ n‡e|Ó

bvix kªg`vmZ¡ †_‡K gyw³jvf I †UªW BDwbqb

†kªYx msMÖvg n‡Q mgvR-mf¨Zvi PvwjKv kw³| †kªYx msMÖvgB †kªYx †kvlY gyw³

NUvq| Avgiv Rvwb gvbe RvwZi BwZnv‡m kªgRxex bvix‡`i m‡PZb I mwµq

AskMÖnb Qvov wbcxwoZ gvby‡li †Kvb eo Av‡›`vjb mdj nqwb| kªgRxex

bvixiv n‡jv wbcxwoZ‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk wbcxwoZ| Zviv RbM‡Yi e¨vcK

gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡bi c_ †_‡K KL‡bv m‡i uvov‡Z cv‡iwb Ges cvi‡eI bv|

Avvgiv GI Rvwb †h, `vm-`vmx‡`i `vmZ¡ gyw³i msMÖv‡g kZ-mnmª bvix knx`

n‡q‡Q| A‡b‡K exi½bvi L¨vwZ †c‡q‡Q| mvgš cÖf~‡`i wei‡× nvRvi nvRvi

bvix AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡q‡Q AvZ¥vûwZ w`‡q‡Q| wbcxwoZ kªgRxex gvby‡li gyw³i

msMÖv‡g nvRvi nvRvi bvix Rxeb w`‡q‡Q| GZ wKQz‡ZI kªgRxex gvbyl we‡kl

32

K‡i kªgRxex bvixi cwic~Y© gyw³jvf N‡Uwb| GB msMÖv‡g kªgRxex gvby‡li bvbv

ai‡bi msMVb bvbvfv‡e fywgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| wKš‧ AvR‡Ki hy‡M kªgRxex

gvby‡li gyw³i msMÖv‡g †UªW BDwbqb msMVb GK Ab¨vb¨ fywgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

†UªW BDwbqb msMVb n‡Q kªwgK †kªYxi cÖv_wgK †kªYx MYmsMVb| GB †kªYx

MYmsMV‡bi ga¨ w`‡q kªwgK †kªYx µgk:B m‡PZb I msMwVZ n‡q D‡V| G

Rb¨ †UªW BDwbqb kªgRxex we‡kl K‡i kªgRxex bvixi kªg`vmZ¡ †_‡K gyw³ jv‡f

¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

- kªwgK †bZv

33

Informal Sector in Bangladesh: A

Strategic Framework for

Development Abdul Hye Mondol

1. Introduction

The informal economy is defined on the basis of the following

criteria: (i) enterprises are private and unincorporated, (ii) at least

some of production is meant for sale or barter, (iii) enterprise size is

below a threshold, (iv) enterprises are not registered under national

legislation (e.g., social security laws, tax laws, commercial acts) and

(v) for practical reasons, enterprises are engaged in non-agricultural

activities. This is a complex set of criteria for defining the informal

economy, and a partly for this reason national definitions of the

informal economy differ. The main distinction between employment

in the informal economy and informal employment is that the

former is an enterprise based concept, while the latter is a job based

concept. Both are concerned with employment that dose not have

social protections and benefits.

The inability of the formal economy to generate employment is

aggravated due to the changes in the concept of employability and

the organization of work, which is characterized by labor market

flexibility including non-standard forms of employment and shorter

product cycles. Consequently, the vast majority of unemployed

people in Bangladesh are engaged in various types of informal

activities such as agriculture, shrimp cultivation and processing,

construction works, brick making works, domestic works, rag

picking, handicrafts, stitching, handloom, tailoring, block printing

works, fish processing and drying etc. The ongoing process of

globalization tends to robustly sharpen the labor processes putting

the usual receiving end of labor at a greater disadvantage. The

current phase of globalization is characterized by the "survival of

the fittest" accentuating the disparity between organized high-

paying jobs and unorganized low-paying jobs. Nevertheless, there is

34

no policy guideline about the development and regulation of the

informal sector national development policy.

II. Definition of the Informal Sector

The informal sector is highly heterogeneous, encompassing

production units of different features and in a wide range of

economic activities, as well as people (i.e. workers, producers,

employers) working or producing under many different types of

employment relations and production arrangements. Because of the

heterogeneity of the informal sector, and its multiple dimensions,

conceptual and statistical definitions of this sector are not as clear-

cut as one might expect.

At an operational level, ILO (1990-1995), defined informal sector

employment as consisting of : all own-account workers (but

excluding administrative worker, professionals and technicians),

and unpaid family workers, and employers and employees working

in establishments with less than 5 or 10 persons engaged. Paid

domestic workers are excluded. The combination of proxy

indicators (e.g. employment size of the enterprise, non-wage

employment, with or without registration as an additional criterion)

used in household and establishment surveys to determine the

magnitude of the informal sector varies from country to country.

III. Characteristics of the Informal Sector

Characteristics of the people engaged in the formal sector

are:(i)absence of official protection and recognition, (ii)non-

coverage by minimum wage legislation and social security system,

(iii) predominance of own-account and self-employment work, (iv)

absence of trade union organization, (v) low income and wages, (vi)

little or no job security, and (vii) no fringe benefits from

institutional sources.

Characteristics of the activities in the formal sector include: (a)

unregulated and competitive markets, (b) small-scale operation with

individual or family ownership,

(c) ease of entry, (d)reliance on locally available resources, (E)

family ownership of enterprises, (f) labor-intensive and adapted

technology, and(g) absence of access to institutional credit or other

supports and protections.

35

Characteristics of the informal sector land and housing encompass:

(i) unauthorized use of vacant public or private land, (ii) illegal sub-

division and/or rental of land,(iii) unauthorized construction of

structures and buildings, (iv)reliance on low cost and locally

available scrap construction materials, ( v)absence of restrictive

standards and regulations. (vi) reliance on family labor and artisan

techniques for construction, and (vii) non-availability of mortgage

or any other subsidized finance.

Characteristics of informal credit markets are: (a) unregulated and

non-subsidized, (b) easy accessibility, (c) availability in very small

size and for short terms, (d) low administrative and procedural

costs, (e)little or no collateral requirements, (f) flexible interest rates

(from very high to no interest at all), and (g) highly flexible

transactions and repayments tailored to individual needs.

In contrast to the standard textbook model assuming "a

homogeneous market with an inelastic supply of labor, where

demand conditions alone determine the price of labor or wage". The

most striking feature of labor market in Bangladesh is its non-

homogeneous

character leading to vast differences in the nature of employment

and the creation of a dualistic structure of "formal" and "informal"

components of the labor market. This non- homogeneous character

of the labor market also implies that the nature of employment and

the manner in which it is created is different. The vast majority if

the population is left to fend for itself and create employment out of

its own ingenuity, Skills and capital. By and large , the

characteristics of the informal sector are as follows:(i)informal

sector enterprises usually employ fewer than ten workers, mostly

immediate family members, (ii) informal sector is heterogeneous

with major activities being retail trade, transport, repair and

maintenance, construction, personal and domestic services, and

manufacturing, (iii) entry and exit are easier than in the formal

sector, (iv)capital investment is generally minimal, (v) work is

mostly labor intensive, requiring low-level skills, (vi) workers learn

skills on job, (vii) employer-employee relationship is often

unwritten an informal with little or no appreciation of industrial

relations and workers' rights, and (viii) informal sector works in

conjunction with, rather than in isolation from, the formal economy.

36

IV. Informality in the Labor Market

In Bangladesh, although contribution of the informal sector to GDP

is estimated at round 40%, employment in the informal sector is

around80%implying very low labor productivity compared to the

formal sector. The share of the informal sector in total employment

has increased from 75.32% in 1999-2000 to 78.48% in 2005-06.

Increasing trend of the informal sector implies growing limits of the

access of the informal workers to social protection. While relative

share of male informal employment has declined from 77.47% in

1999-2000 to 73.92% in 2005-06, that of female informal

employment has increased from 22.53% in 1999-2000 to 26.08% in

2005-06 reflecting increasing informalization of female

employment.

While male labor force participation rate has increased from 84% in

1999-2000 to 86.8% in 2005-06, female labor force participation

rate has increased faster from 23.9% in 1999-2000 to 29.2% in

2005-06. It may be argued that the growing flexibility in the labor

market, or increasing informalization, has led to feminization of the

labor force which implies that more women find themselves in jobs

traditionally taken by men. Or, certain jobs could have changed to

have characteristics associated with traditional women's work.

The growth of the informal sector in Bangladesh is partly

attributable to labor market distortions leading to inflexible labor

market. But since capital-labor ratios are generally higher in the

formal sector, labor productivity is higher and so are earnings in this

sector. The chain of causation runs form differential capital intensity

of productivity differences to wage differences. The increasing

informaliztion of labor takes place broadly in two ways: Work is

pushed out of the factories and formal work situations into small

workshops (sweatshops), the homes and informal situations. That is,

there is a national trend in sub-contracting of work and a consequent

increase in formal work, often in home-working. Secondly, the

workers who remain in the formal work situations, are governed by

looser contracts and obtain fewer social security benefits. That is,

there is an attempt on the part of the employers to reduce his

liabilities.

Employment in the informal economy is not only inferior to that in

the formal economy, in terms of wages and benefits received, but

37

also varies in terms of quality. Employment in the informal

economy can be broadly distinguished into wage employment and

non-wage employment. Non-wage employment consists of (i) own-

account workers; (ii) employers/owners of informal enterprises with

at least one hired worker; and (iii) unpaid family helpers in both

types of informal enterprises. Wage employment consists of (i)

employees in the enterprises of informal employers; (ii) outworkers

or home workers: persons working at home, or on premises of

his/her choice other than the employer's, to produce goods or

services on a contract or order for a specific employer or contractor;

and (iii) independent wage workers not attached to only one

employer, and providing services to individuals, households and

enterprise.

In Bangladesh, an increasing trend of unpaid family workers and

casualization of workers is on evidence. The casualization of the

workforce is considered as a clear evidence of informalization.

Another process of informazation is the growth of informal

employment within the formal economy. The quality of

employment available to the women in the informal economy is

brought out by the wages and incomes they receive and differentials

in earnings. Gender differential in wages (25-50%) points to the

lower quality of wage employment obtained by women.

V. Strategies for Improvement

Strategies for gradual transformation of the informal economy into

the formal economy consist in the following:

Productivity and Income

Although some small improvements in working conditions may by

made little cost, low incomes have prevented many operators and

workers from improving their working conditions or from

contributing to even rudimentary forms of social protection. On the

other hand, the productivity of most informal sector activities is

affected by a poor work environment and work methods. Incomes

are also influenced by the limited scope of activities, in the form of

either a small volume of low-margin activities or little scope for

expansion. The limited skills and education of the operators and

workers have also hindered improvement in productivity and

incomes. In Bangladesh, large numbers of operators and workers in

the informal sector have barely primary education.

38

Entrepreneurship Training

Instilling a sense of entrepreneurship is a prerequisite to supporting

informal operators who plan to expand or improve their businesses.

If they are to venture out of their limited area, low-income market

and low value-added single product or service, they must be able to

access markets and business opportunities. There is a great deal of

potential for expanding activities and generating additional

employment is the informal sector. As self-taught entrepreneurs,

many lack basic business skills. Many have access to credit only

through informal lenders, who charge them very high interest.

Entrepreneurship training of operators could develop their

capabilities to manage their businesses more productively and

efficiently, allowing them to expand activities with the potential for

higher incomes and more jobs.

Micro-Enterprise Development

Effective strategies must identify at the outset the enterprises with

capacity to expand. Some micro-enterprises have the potential for

growth and employment creation. Other activities - some forms of

street vending, for example - are usually precarious jobs performed

on an individual basis, without any potential for expansion. The

ILO's International Small Enterprise Programme (ISEP), launched

in 1998, may provide an integrated approach to developing small

and medium enterprises, using a range of existing materials. These

include a successful entrepreneurship training package known as

Start Your Business/Improve Your Business (SYB/IYB). IYB may

be applied extensively. SYB may be developed for entrepreneurs

starting their own enterprises. Further adaptations may be developed

through regional programs combining working conditions with

business improvement, and specifically targeting women

entrepreneurs.

Subcontracting

Development linkages with the formal sector is the most effective

way to ensure that the informal sector has access both to the market

and to raw materials and technology. Subcontracting and

franchising can be avenues to such linkages. So far, subcontracting

has been used, in many countries, to reduce labor costs without

much technology transfer. Subcontracting and home work have

often also meant low wages and lack of social protection. Properly

39

developed, however, they can bring the informal sector into the fold

of the formal sector, with related improvements in working and

living conditions.

It is possible to identify the branches of economic activity with

demand potential, in which informal sector producers can either

compete successfully with the modern sector or develop a

complementary relationship with it. Growth and development of

such enterprises can generate more employment and contribute, in

the long term, to improving conditions in the informal sector as a

whole.

Access to Credit

Informal sector operators usually borrow money from relatives and

friends to start or sustain business. Since commercial banks usually

seek collateral before approving a loan, few informal operators

successfully borrow from them. In addition, commercial banks do

not find it worthwhile to deal in the small sums of money typically

involved. Easy access to micro-credit may prove effective in

facilitating the transition form the informal to the formal sector.

Access to Wider Markets

Access to education, training and credit is of little use unless the

market for the informal sector products is broadened. As low-

income families constitute the primary market and they are in

competition with each other, the scope for expansion is limited. An

increasing number of informal sector activities, however, do cater to

higher-income families or export industries.

Labor Regulation and Standards

Most of the informal sector workers, self-employed of unpaid

family workers, are neither registered nor covered by labor laws and

basic labor standards. Many others have a few outside workers to

whom labor regulations governing hours of work, weekly rest, paid

leave, minimum wages and social security are not commonly

applied due to the small scale of operations, lack of knowledge and

low income levels.

Some informal sector operators choose to remain "illegal" or to be

exempted from labor regulations because of the high cost of

acquiring "level" status. Bureaucratic procedures and multiple legal

40

requirements present hurdles for them in complying with labor

standards. Local governments should review and, where necessary,

simplify regulations to permit their more effective application in the

informal sector. Goals requiring urgent attention include:

streamlining bureaucratic procedures and reducing registration fees

to an affordable level; reorienting the municipal and Union Parishad

officials responsible for regulating the sector so as to be more

effective; disseminating information and simplifying legal

requirements; and adjusting restrictive zoning laws. While some

labor standards apply chiefly to formal sector employment, many

are relevant to the informal sector:

The fundamental human rights Conventions, such as those

dealing with freedom of association and the right to

organize and bargain collectively (ILO C47 and C98),

forced labor (C29 and C105), equal remuneration, and

discrimination in employment, training and working

conditions (C100 and C111).

Standards aimed at the progressive elimination of child

labor. C138 sets the minimum age for admission to

employment under various circumstances, and tackling

intolerable forms of child labor (slave-like practices, illegal

activities such as prostitution, work or activity jeopardizing

children's health, safety and morals).

Conventions promoting occupational safety and health,

especially C155, and minimum standards of social

protection (C102) and

Conventions targeting categories of workers who

predominate in the informal sector, for example rural

workers (C141), home workers (C177), and indigenous and

tribal peoples (C169).

Occupational Safety and Health

Different groups of informal sector workers encounter deferent

workplace problems. However, the most common are poor lighting,

lack of ventilation, excessive heat, poor housekeeping, inadequate

workspace, poor work tools and workplace design, awkward

posture, exposure to dangerous chemicals, lack of clean water and

other basic welfare facilities, and long working hours. Workers

41

accept this situation because they are simply preoccupied with

survival and not fully aware of workplace hazards.

No established mechanisms exist to monitor workplace injuries and

illnesses in the informal sector, as they do in the formal sector.

Injuries often go unreported and are settled by operators and

workers, sometimes through small cash payments or termination of

employment. Even for severe injuries, where they are not enrolled in

a social protection scheme, workers are frequently deprived of

benefits that would otherwise have been available. It is often hard to

establish the relationship between work and the illness the worker

might be suffering from.

Social Protection

Informal sector workers and operators, generally being subsistence

earners, find it difficult to save for emergency needs, medical

expenses and old age. The seasonal nature of their employment, and

the inability to save, force them to incur debts when they lose their

assets or earning power due to their own of family members'

sickness and disability. Three key elements which ensure the

effectiveness of any social protection scheme, may also be the best

means of promoting social protection among informal sector

workers and operators:

Emphasizing preventive measures through awareness

raising, primary health care and improvement of the

working environment.

Encouraging and assisting indigenous schemes initiated by

self-help groups and co-operatives, while establishing

linkages between the schemes and national plans, and

Providing direct assistance with food and shelter for

families, preventing their falling further into poverty.

One may recommend strengthening indigenous schemes and

exploring ways of linking them to formal schemes, thereby

improving access to resources in the formal sector. Factors

hindering social protection coverage of the informal workers include

the following:

Operations too small: Most informal sector operators believe that

their businesses are too small to meet social security requirements.

42

In addition, it is administratively difficult to enforce compulsory

coverage of small business, many of which are clandestine.

Benefits too expensive: The contributions that formal social

security system requires are often beyond the means of informal

sector operators and workers. If they have the choice, employers

prefer not to contribute.

Lack of awareness: In general, there is a lack of awareness

regarding social security coverage. Only about 5% of informal

sector operators are knowledgeable about the social security system.

No clear employee-employer relationship: Informal sector

enterprises often treat workers as extended family members rather

than employees. Consequently, they do not consider extending them

the benefits usually provided to an employee.

VI. Agenda for the Future:

Improvement in the quality of employment: While the informal

sector generates jobs and income for the poor, with relatively little

capital investment, the quality of employment still needs to be much

improved. Child labor in the formal sector remains a source of

special concern, and requires continued attention by Government

and the agencies concerned for its elimination.

Productivity and Incomes: Better-quality jobs demand continuing

concern for improved productivity and incomes. Where informal

sector operators and workers enjoy better incomes, the possibility of

focusing on applying labor standards and improving working

conditions increases. Higher productivity and gradual application of

labor standards require more interaction with the formal sector.

Working conditions: Improving working condition in the formal

sector remains a primary concern. The link between better working

conditions and increased productivity must be clearly demonstrated.

Any effective program must braise awareness among operators and

workers as a priority. Women workers, workers with disabilities and

child workers, in particular, need to be targeted. Slum upgrading

and providing basic infrastructure and services are a successful

strategy for simultaneously improving working conditions and

productivity.

43

Social protection: Informal sector workers, who need social

protection most, are the least covered. This sector can least afford

the costs of such protection. Therefore local initiatives need to be

encouraged and supported. It is unrealistic to assume that statutory

schemes will provide coverage to all.

Data collection: Because informal sector enterprises are small and

unregistered, reliable data on them are unavailable in Bangladesh as

in most countries. This has hampered the design of appropriate

strategies for dealing with the other issues mentioned earlier.

Further work needs to be done on integrating data collection into the

national census system, and ensuring that changes in the sector are

monitored over time.

Role of self-help group: Uni-dimensional approaches are

ineffective when dealing with informal sector problems. These

problems are interlinked, and the involvement of self-help groups,

co-operatives, local Government, workers’ and employers’

organizations and NGO’s are essential in devising appropriate

strategies. Schemes should build on the inherent strengths of the

informal sector, existing informal groupings and associations need

to be reinforced and used to the full. Such groups can play an

advocacy role, addressing areas of common concern. With

strengthened capabilities, they can also help implement support

programs for the informal sector.

Role of workers’ and employers’ organizations: Workers’

organizations support programs for the unemployed workers could

include interaction with the formal sector, particularly to awareness

of working conditions and social protection. Employers’

organizations have the capacity to encourage linkages between the

formal and informal sectors. They could also assist in

entrepreneurship development.

Role of local Government: With a better understanding of the

problems faced by the informal sector and of the need for a common

search for solutions, local government official could serve as

catalysts for inspiring real change within the sector. The ILO is

developing training support programs for the informal sector which

specifically target municipal governments.

Integrating urban poverty and informal sector programs: Urban

poverty programs need to address the problems faced by informal

44

sector operators, such as access to basic services, skills development

and income generating opportunities.

Networking and sharing of information: Networking and regular

sharing of informal sector information, within and among countries

in the region, have the potential to be a learning experience and to

ensure that efforts are combined where possible. The ILO is

assisting with such initiatives.

- Senior Research Fellow, Bangladesh Institute of Development

Studies (BIDS)

45

•elg¨, eÂbv I evsjv‡`‡ki AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi bvix kªwgK

wPiiÄb miKvi

f~wgKv

evj¨Kvj †_‡KB Avgv‡`i bvixiv ewÂZ| GiRb¨ `vqx h yM hyM a‡i P‡j Avmv

Av_©-mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv, ixwZ-bxwZ, wek¦vm, AvPiY| hvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q

wcZ…Zvwš¿K cvwievwiK e¨e¯v, agx©q Abykvmb I AvPvi Abyôvb| Rb¥ †_‡KB

†g‡q‡`i Rxeb P‡µi cÖwZwU ch©vqÑ •kke, •K‡kvi, c~Y© eq¯‥ nIqv ch©š Zviv

•elg¨ I †kvl‡Yi wkKvi nb| †g‡qwkï Rb¥ †bIqvi ci †_‡KB Zv‡`i myôz

weKv‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM I AwaKvi¸‡jv Z¨vM Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv nq| cÖ_g

†_‡KB Zviv wk¶v, cywó I ¯v¯¨ msµvš wel‡q •el‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Z _v‡K|

A‡gvN wbqwZi gZ Av‡iv Av‡m mwnsmZv I wbh©vZb| `wi‡`ªi g‡a¨ Zviv n‡q

c‡o AwZ`wi ª|

Avgv‡`i mgvR cyilZvwš¿K ev wcZ…Zvwš¿K (patriarchal) g~j¨‡eva Øviv

wbqwš¿Z| wcZ…Zvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva mgv‡Ri m¤ú`, Drcv`‡bi gva¨g, bvixi kªg

BZ¨vw`i Ici cyi‡li KZ…©‡Z¡i •eaZv ¯^xKvi K‡i| G ai‡bi mgv‡R bvix-

cyi‡li m¤úK© Aa¯bZv I KZ…©Z¡, wbf©ikxjZv I wbqš¿‡Yi wfwˇZ wbY©xZ nq|

mgvRcwZiv †h‡nZz cyil ZvB mgv‡R cÖwZ c‡` c‡` Zvi wbZ¨bZzb e¨e¯vcbvq

bvix‡K k„LwjZB K‡i iv‡L| wcZ…Zvwš¿K G mgv‡R ïay cyil bq, mvgvwRKvqb

cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q bvixI †mB g~j¨‡eva aviY K‡i Ges RxebvPvi‡Y Zv PP©v

K‡i| wcZ…Zvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva me©‡¶‡Î bvix‡K Aat¯b I cyil‡K cÖvavb¨

we viKvix wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z Pvq|

Gfv‡e AmgZvi wfwˇZ wbiƒwcZ m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y bvix nq ewÂZ, wbM„nxZ I

†kvwlZ| mgvR bvixi Pwi‡Îi wKQz fveg~wZ© Av‡ivc K‡i Zv‡K wbf©ikxj,

cigyLv‡c¶x, msmv‡i K¬vwšnxb kªg`vbKvix, Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vq cwic~Y© PwiÎ wn‡m‡e

wPwÎZ K‡i| M„n vwj wµqvK‡g©, MÖvgxY K…wl A_©bxwZ‡Z, Drcv`bkxjZvq bvixi

f~wgKv h_vh_ g~j¨vqb nq bv| Gfv‡e e¨wqZ kªg mivmwi UvKvq iƒcvšwiZ nq

bv e‡jB mvaviYZ bvixi kªg`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ Av‡m bv| mšvb Rb¥`vb I jvj‡bi

ga¨ w`‡q bvix †h f~wgKv cvjb K‡i, ZviI h_vh_ ¯^xK…wZ †bB| eiÂ, Zvi GB

Ae`vb kw³‡Z iƒcvšwiZ bv n‡q `ye©jZvq ch©ewmZ nq|

46

wewfbœ A_©‣bwZK wµqvK‡g©, we‡klZ MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡Z, bvixi f~wgKv

Ab¯^xKvh©| `vwi`ª¨ I cwi‡ekMZ Pv‡c bvix M„n vwji MwÊi evB‡i RxweKvi

A‡šl‡Y †ei n‡Qb| mbvZb Kg©‡¶‡Îi evB‡i wewfbœ †¶‡Î, kn‡i wbg©vYwk‡í

ev MÖv‡g †¶Z I w`bgRyi wn‡m‡e bvix DcvR©b K‡i cwiev‡ii Abœms¯vb Ki‡Qb

ev Abœms¯v‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Qb| ißvwb wk‡í e¨vcK AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g RvZxq

A_©bxwZ‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| A_©‣bwZK wµqvK‡g© wewfbœfv‡e bvixi e¨vcK

AskMÖnY msÁvMZ I `„wófw½MZ mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y RvZxq cwimsL¨v‡b

cÖwZdwjZ nq bv e‡j Dbœqb †K․kj I j¶¨ wbY©‡q bvixi mgm¨v wPwýZ nq bv

Ges A_©‣bwZK Ae`vb cwi¯‥vifv‡e aiv c‡o bv| bvixi KvR‡K Ae‡njv Kiv,

N‡i evB‡i wm×všMÖn‡Y cyil‡K AwZwi³ cÖavb¨ †`qv, bvixi cÖwZ meiKg

Ae‡njv I wbh©vZb‡K cÖvZ¨wnK Af¨¯Zvq mnbxq K‡i †Zvjv, GgbwK †h․b

nqivwb ch©š wbZ¨‣bwgwËK e¨vcv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK

†cÖw¶‡Z bvixi Ae¯vb cyi‡li eû wb‡P| cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB i‡q‡Q e¨vcK †RÊvi

M¨vc (Gender gap)| †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b bvixi Ae`vb Amxg|

wKš‧ RvZxqfv‡e bvixi Ae`v‡bi †Kv‡bv g~j¨vqb †bB|

¯^xK…wZnxb kªg

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©KB bvix| cÖPwjZ RvZxq Avq

(GDP) cwigv‡ci †¶‡Î cyi‡li Drcv`bkxjZvi †hLv‡b cÖvq 98 kZvsk

wn‡m‡e aiv nq, †mLv‡b bvixi Drcv`bkxjZvi gvÎ 47 kZvsk MYbv Kiv nq|

M„n vwj KvR cÖvq GKKfv‡e bvix m¤úbœ Ki‡Qb| wKš‧ †Kv_vI bvixi M„n vwj

KvR‡K (Unpaid labour) A_©‣bwZK KvR (Market work) wn‡m‡e aiv nq

bv| ZvB Avgv‡`i RvZxq A_©bxwZ †_‡K bvixi GB A „k¨ wecyj Ae`vb

(Invisible contribution) nvwi‡q hvq hv cwigvc Kiv nq bv| Drcv`bkxj

cwigʇj bvix‡K memgqB Abyrcv`bkxj Ges †Kej †fvMKvix wn‡m‡e g‡b

Kiv nq e‡jB Zv‡`i GB Ae¯v| A_P bvix mgvbfv‡e †fvMKvix Ges

Drcv`bKvix| M„nK‡g©i ¯^xK…wZnxbZv RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K Ask wn‡m‡e bvix‡K

†eKvi Ges wbw¯…qiƒ‡c wPwÎZ K‡i‡Q| G Kvi‡Y †`‡ki 10 †_‡K 64 eQi eq¯‥

Kg©¶g bvix RbmsL¨vi 95 kZvsk‡K ÔM„nea~Õ ev ÔNiYxÕ bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡i

Zv‡`i iv‡óªi †gvU kªgkw³ †_‡K ewn¯‥…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|

A_P †hme LvZ †UKmB e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡Q ev †hme Lv‡Z bZzb Kg©ms¯vb m„wó

n‡Q A_ev †hme wkí we‡klfv‡e D`xqgvb, Zvi cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨KwUB GLb

bvixkªwgKwbf©i| G cÖm‡½ Mv‡g©›Um I wngvwqZ Lv`¨ wk‡íi cvkvcvwk cyiv‡bv

†UKmB LvZ wn‡m‡e Pv, D`xqgvb MÖvgxY wkí wn‡m‡e ivBmwgj Ges wkívq‡bi

bZzb g‡Wj wn‡m‡e Bwc‡RW AÂj¸‡jvi K_v D‡j­L Kiv hvq| evsjv‡`kx‡`i

47

we‡`‡k Kv‡Ri my‡hvM Qvov Dwj­wLZ wkí¸‡jvB GLb evsjv‡`‡ki kªg I

Kg©ms¯v‡bi fimv Ges •e‡`wkK gy ªvi Drm|

Gi evB‡iI wKQz †¶‡Î bvixkªwgK‡`i cÖej Dcw¯wZ †`Lv hvq †hgb, M„n vwj

kªg| Ô•kkeÕ bv‡gi GKwU †emiKvwi ms¯v Zv‡`i Rwi‡ci wfwˇZ †Kej

XvKv‡ZB wZb jvL M„nkªwg‡Ki K_v Rvwb‡q‡Q hv‡`i 80 fvMB †g‡q| Gi

evB‡i hv Av‡Q, Zv n‡jv K…wlgRywi Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK wkí, †hgb : K…wlLvgvi,

wbg©vY LvZ, B‡Ui fvUv, RyZv I wewo •Zwii KviLvbv, n¯wkí BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jvi

g‡a¨ wKQz wKQz LvZ B‡Zvg‡a¨ bvixcÖavb Ges evwK¸‡jvI ax‡i ax‡i bvixcÖavb

n‡q DV‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Kg©Rxex gvby‡li cÖvq 95 kZvsk wb‡qvwRZ

Dc‡ivwj­wLZ AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ¸‡jv‡Z| G‡`i weivU As‡ki (cÖvq 35 kZvsk)

mviv eQi KvR _v‡K bv| eQ‡i K‡qK gvm, mßv‡n K‡qKw`b wKsev cÖwZw`b Aí

K‡qK NÈv KvR K‡i Giv| d‡j KvR I KvRnxbZv `yÕ‡UvB G‡`i Rxe‡b mZ¨|

GLbI cwimsL¨v‡b bvixi A_©‣bwZK Ae`v‡bi †Zgb †Kv‡bv ¯^xK…wZ †bB|

cwimsL¨v‡b bvixi Kv‡Ri NÈv cyi‡li †P‡q Kg †`Lv‡bv nq| hw`I bvixiv

mviv¶YB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv Kv‡R e¨¯ _v‡Kb| †h‡nZz eû †¶‡ÎB Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri

A_©vqb nq bv, ZvB Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri NÈvI Kg aiv nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k

mvwe©Kfv‡eB bvixi Ae`vb‡K A¯xKvi Kiv nq| MÖvgxY bvix‡`i †¶‡Î GB

cÖeYZv Av‡iv †ewk| Zviv w`bivZ K‡Vvi cwikªg Ki‡jI Zv‡`i Ae`vb †`‡ki

A_©‣bwZK wnmve ev cwimsL¨v‡b wjwce× nq bv| evsjv‡`‡k 87.6% bvix

kªgkw³ MÖvgxY `wi`ª cwievify³ (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 8 gvP© 2009)| mvg‡_©¨i meUzKz

wbs‡o w`‡qI Zviv Zv‡`i GB Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZUzKz cvq bv| GUv

AZ¨š cwiZv‡ci|

M„n ’vwj Kv‡R MÖgxY bvix

bvixi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri `„wófw½ n‡jv, Zviv N‡i _vK‡e, †Q‡j‡g‡qi †`Lv‡kvbv

Ki‡e Ges N‡ii wewfbœ KvR Z`viK Ki‡e| N‡ii ivbœvq 100% KvR K‡i

bvixiv, Kvco †avqvi 98% Kv‡R, N‡ii cwiQbœZvi 95%, wkï‡`i jvjb-

cvj‡bi 95% Kv‡R †g‡qiv wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| Gfv‡e cybircv`bkxj Kv‡R

bvixi AskMÖnY A‡bK †ewk| GQvov Zviv N‡ii Kv‡R w`‡b 4.50-5.20 N›Uv

mgq e¨q K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki bvixi Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek Ges Kv‡Ri myweav

m‡švlRbK bq| evsjv‡`‡ki emZ-evwo‡Z cïm¤ú` (nuvm-gyiMx, Mi-QvMj)

Drcv`b I e¨e¯vcbvq we‡klZ †Mvqvj Ni wbg©vY, cwi¯‥vi Kiv, G‡`i

LvIqv‡bv, cwiPh©v, µq-weµq BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î bvix‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi cÖvq 44-85

kZvsk| Aciw`‡K G‡¶‡Î cyi‡li AskMÖn‡Yi nvi k~b¨ †_‡K 50 kZvsk|

48

cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g AvengvbKvj †_‡K bvix mšvb Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ|

cvkvcvwk mšvb‡K jvjb-cvj‡bi KvRwUI bvix‡KB Ki‡Z n‡Q| GB y‡Uv KvR

Ki‡Z wM‡q bvix Zvi RxebKv‡ji me‡P‡q m¤¢vebvgq mgq (15-40) e¨q

Ki‡Qb| A_P Gi †Kv‡bv ¯^xK…wZ cv‡Qb bv|

K…wlK‡g© MÖvgxY bvix

we‡k¦i A‡a©K bvix Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ evm K‡ib| Zviv K…wl‡¶‡Î KvR K‡ib Ges

mKj cÖKvi K…wl Drcv`‡bi 40-80 kZvsk (†`k Abymv‡i wfbœ)Ñ `vwqZ¡ cvjb

K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡k avb †Mvjvq †Zuvjv, avb exR msi¶Y Kiv, Lvev‡ii Rb¨ km¨

fv½v‡bv I cwi¯‥vi Kiv, cvUKvwV †_‡K Auvk Qvov‡bv, cï I nuvm-gyiMxi hZœ

†bqv, kvK-mewR Drcv`b BZ¨vw` Drcv`bg~jK Kv‡Ri m‡½ bvix mivmwi

m¤ú„³| K…wlK‡g© gwnjv Rb‡Mvôx cÖZ¨¶fv‡e RwoZ _vK‡jI A_©‣bwZKfv‡e

Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb nq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki bvix Zv‡`i kªg mg‡qi GKUv eo

mgq K…wl Kv‡R w`‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k †gvU MÖvgxY bvixi 76.6 kZvsk K…wl‡Z

KvR K‡ib (mgKvj, 8 gvP©, 2008)| mg‡qi cwigv‡‡c I ¸i‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K

we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, K…wl‡¶‡Î bvixi Askx`vwiZ¡ †Kv‡bvfv‡eB cyi‡li

†P‡q Kg bq| K…wl Drcv`b cÖwµqv‡K we‡k­lY Ki‡jB G mZ¨ aiv c‡o :

1. cÖvK-ecb cÖwµqv: GwU g~jZ bvixi KvR| G c‡e©i KvR exR msMÖn,

msi¶Y Ges ex‡Ri cÖ¯‧wZ;

2. ecb I dmj Drcv`b cÖwµqv: GwU g~jZ cyi‡li KvR| G c‡e©i KvR

Rwg‡Z Pviv †ivcb I Zv †Zvjv (AÂj †f‡` †g‡qiv I Zv K‡i _v‡K);

3. dm‡jvËjb cÖwµqv: GwU cÖvq GKKfv‡e bvixi KvR| GB c‡e©i KvR

n‡jvÑ avb gvovB, avb evQvB, ïKv‡bv, avb fvbv I Svov|

†`‡k †gvU bvix kÖgkw³i g‡a¨ 68 kZvskB K…wl, ebvqb I grm¨ Lv‡Z RwoZ|

mviv eQ‡ii cÖvq cÖwZw`bB Zviv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv A_©‣bwZK K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ|

wKš‧ mve©¶wYKfv‡e wb‡qvwRZ n‡qI GL‡bv Zviv ivóªxq, mvgvwRK ev

cvwievwiKfv‡e K…wlkªwgK wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡ibwb| K…wl‡Z RwoZ GB

wekvj-msL¨K bvixi g~j¨vqb Kiv nq bv| MÖv‡g bvixi cÖvZ¨wnK Kv‡Ri Ask

wn‡m‡eB Gme KvR we‡ewPZ nq e‡j G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ bvixi A_© cvIqviI my‡hvM

†bB|

GbwRI ÔKg©Rxex bvixÕ 2004 mv‡j K…wl, wPswo‡Nimn wewfbœ AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi bvix kÖwg‡Ki Ae¯v wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ _vbvq Rwic Pvjvq|

GB Rwi‡cI D‡j­L Av‡Q †h mKvj †_‡K mܨv ch©š cyil kÖwg‡Ki mgvb KvR

Ki‡jI K…wl Lv‡Z bvix kÖwg‡Ki •ea cwiwPwZ †bB| G Qvov AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

49

Ab¨ bvix kÖwg‡Ki g‡Zv K…wl Lv‡Zi bvix kÖwgK‡KI Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZi Afve,

wbqgnxb wbhyw³, Kg Avq, `xN© Kg©NÈv, QywUi weavb bv _vKv, gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QywU

bv †`Iqv, gRywi •elg¨ Ges bvbv ai‡bi wbcxo‡bi NUbv¸‡jv †g‡b wb‡Z nq

Kv‡Ri ¯v‡_©|

bvix gRywi‣elg¨mn wewfbœ ai‡bi •el‡g¨i wkKvi n‡jI mgvav‡biI D‡`¨vM

†bqwb miKvi| RvZxq K…wlbxwZ‡Z bvixi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kg©m~wP nv‡Z †bIqvi K_v

_vK‡jI Gi ev¯evqb †bB| eZ©gvb miKv‡ii wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znv‡i K…wl wel‡q

A‡bK K_v _vK‡jI K…wlmswk­ó bvixi wel‡q wKQyB ejv nqwb|

dm‡ji cÖvK ecbcÖwµqv †_‡K ïi K‡i dmj D‡Ëvjb ev exR msi¶‡Yi A‡bK

KvR bvix GKKfv‡eB K‡i| Gi evB‡i evwo‡Z mewR Pvl, gmjv Drcv`b,

ïuUwK I †bvbv gvQ cÖwµqvKiY, gvQ aivi Rvj •Zwi, †cvbv Drcv`b, cyKzi

•Zwii KvRI K‡i bvix| wKš‧ cÖvwZôvwbK cwimsL¨v‡b bvixi Dcw¯wZ †Zgb

GKUv †Pv‡L c‡o bv|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k GLbI g‡b Kiv nq, K…lK gv‡bB n‡Q cyil, bvixI †h K…lK

n‡Z cv‡i Zv miKvi we‡ePbvq †bqwb| K…wl evRviwbf©i Ges K…wl‡Z nvBweªW

exR, mvi, KxUbvkK e¨envi GKw`‡K bvix‡K K…wl †_‡K DrLvZ K‡i †dj‡Q,

Ab¨w`‡K G¸‡jv e¨env‡i bvixi kvixwiK ¶wZi K_v we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Q bv|

K…wlwfwËK wk‡íi m‡½ RwoZ bvixi mvgvwRK wbivcËv, gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb myi¶vi

welqwU cÖwZwbqZ D‡cw¶Z n‡Q| bvixi bv‡g Rwg bv _vKvq Zviv K…wlFY wb‡Z

cvi‡Q bv| Ab¨w`‡K QvMj cvjb †_‡K ïi K‡i wewfbœfv‡e K…wli m‡½ mswk­ó

n‡jI bvix‡K Av‡qi UvKvi fvM †`Iqv n‡Q bv| Gme wel‡q bxwZgvjvq

cwieZ©b Avbv AZ¨š cÖ‡qvRb|

wkí †¶‡Î bvix

M„n vwj‡Z KvR bvix‡`i GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© KvR| GB M„n vwji Kv‡R bvixi GK

eo Ask wb‡qvwRZ Ges bvixiv Zv‡`i Kg©mg‡qi eo Ask GB Kv‡R e¨q

Ki‡jI A_©‣bwZK „wó‡KvY †_‡K G‡K KvR wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv|

AwaKvsk MÖvgxY bvix cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Drcv`b ev evRv‡ii m‡½ m¤úwK©Z

bvbv Kg©Kv‡Ê RwoZ _v‡Kb| Zviv avbfvbv, euvk I †eZ wkí, †Qveov wkí, ZuvZ

†evbv, g„rwkí, Rvj I gv`yi †ev‡bb, cvURvZ `ªe¨ I e¨vM •Zwi K‡ib, gywo,

wcVv I Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨mvgMÖx cÖ¯‧Z K‡ib Ges Avq DcvR©‡bi m‡½ mshy³ bvbv

Kg©Kv‡Ê wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb|

†`‡ki wewfbœ e„nr wk‡íI AvR MÖgxY bvixiv AwaK msL¨vq wb‡qvwRZ n‡Qb|

RvZxq kªgkw³ Rwic (weweGm 2008) n‡Z †`Lv hvq, wkíLv‡Z cyil kªwg‡Ki

50

AskMÖn‡Yi nvi 2001 mv‡ji c‡i †Zgb e„w× cvqwb| wKš‧ bvixi AskMÖnY

D‡j­L‡hvM¨nv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q| cÖvq cÖwZwU e„nr wk‡íB bvixi AskMÖnY i‡q‡Q|

Zvi g‡a¨ †cvkvK wkí, Pv wkí, Lv`¨ cÖwµqvKiY wkí, we‡kl K‡i wPswo wk‡í

MÖvgxY bvixi AskMÖnY D‡j­L‡hvM¨|

(L) †cvkvK wk‡í bvix

Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖvgxY bvix‡`i GKwU eo Ask †cvkvK wk‡í KvR K‡i _‡K|

†cvkvK wk‡í Kg©iZ cÖvq mv‡o 13 jvL †jv‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖvq 80 kZvsk n‡Q

bvix| †`‡ki †cvkvK wkí AvR bvix kªwg‡Ki Ici wbf©ikxj| GB wkí †`‡ki

75 kZvsk •e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©b K‡i| ZvB cÖKvivš‡i †`‡ki wmsnfvM •e‡`wkK

gy`ªv AR©bI bvixi kª‡gi Dci wbf©ikxj| †cvkvK wkí cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z Kv‡Ri

mgq mKvj 8Uv †_‡K ivZ 8Uv| 12 NÈvi Kg©w`em bvix‡`i Rb¨ wbwðZfv‡eB

wbh©vZ‡bi mgZzj¨|

GLbI A‡bK Mv‡g©›U‡m kªwgK‡`i b~¨bZg my‡hvM-myweav †bB| PvKwi wewa,

kªgNÈv, QzwU, b~¨bZg gRywii welqwU bvbvfv‡e D‡c¶v Kiv nq| †hgb,

†ewkifvM kªwg‡KiB †Kv‡bv ai‡bi wb‡qvMcÎ †bB| Zv‡`i‡K Pzw³wfwËK KvR

Kiv‡bv nq Ges wb‡qv‡Mi g‡Zv Kg©Pz¨wZi aibI †g․wLK| †`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq 32

wU Mv‡g©›U‡m cwiPvwjZ GK bgybv Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡Q : bvix kªwgK‡`i gvwmK Mo

gRywi 1886 UvKv| G‡`i g‡a¨ 40 kZvs‡ki gRywi 1500 UvKviI wb‡P|

†cvkvK wk‡í wb‡qvwRZ bvix‡`i 13 kZvs‡ki eqm 13 eQ‡ii wb‡gœ| gRywi

†¶‡Î bvix-cyi‡li •elg¨ i‡q‡Q e¨vcK| M‡o bvix kªwgK‡`i gRywi 1886

UvKv n‡jI GKB Kv‡R cyil kªwgK‡`i Mo gRywi 3344 UvKv (wbDGR, 1 †g

2009)|

(M) Pv I Lv`¨ cÖwµqvKiY wkí

Pv-wkí G‡`‡k `xN©w`b a‡i Ab¨Zg •e‡`wkK gy`ªv AvniYKvix wkí| †`‡ki

158wU Pv evMv‡b •`wbK Aa©Wjvi †eZb cvIqv GB kªwgK Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨v cÖvq

5 jvL| mivmwi kªwgK Av‡Q 1 jvL| G‡`i g‡a¨ evMvb †_‡K Pv cvZv †Zvjvi

KvRwU K‡i g~jZ bvixiv, hv‡`i msL¨v †gvU kªwg‡Ki 52 kZvsk| Gme Pv-

kªwgK f~wg`vm wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| hy‡Mi ci hyM, cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ a‡i Giv Pv-

kªwgK| eZ©gv‡b evMvb¸‡jv‡Z Pv-kªwgK‡`i PZz_© cÖRb¥ Pj‡Q| G‡`i Kv‡iviB

emev‡mi wbR¯ †Kv‡bv RvqMv †bB| †jvKvjq †_‡K wewQbœ Pv evMv‡bi Rwg‡Z

A vqxfv‡e •Zwi KzVywi‡Z _v‡Kb Giv| cwiev‡ii m`m¨ evo‡jI Kzu‡oN‡ii

mxgvbv ev‡o bv| gv-evev, †Q‡j-†g‡q, cyÎea~ mevB‡K Mv`vMvw` K‡i _vK‡Z nq

†mB N‡i| •`wbK 35-36 UvKv gRywii wewbg‡q b~¨bc‡¶ Avav gY Pv cvZv

evMvb †_‡K Zzj‡Z nq| Amy Zv, mšvb jvjbcvjb BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv we‡kl

51

mnvbyf~wZi e¨e¯v †bB| KvR bv-Ki‡j gRywi †`Iqv nq bv| kZKiv 60 †_‡K

70 fvM Pv-kªwgK cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯v †bB|

(N) wPswo cÖwµqvRvZKiY wkí

•e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi gvcKvwV‡Z †`‡ki wØZxq ¸iZ¡c~Y© wkíLvZ wPswo

Drcv`b I cÖwµqvRvZKiY| †`‡k cÖvq †c․‡b `yÕjvL †n±i Rwg‡Z jeYv³ I

¯^v`y cvwbi wPswo Pvl nq| Gi g‡a¨ ev‡MinvU, Lyjbv I mvZ¶xivq i‡q‡Q 80

fvM Rwg| GB GjvKvq 120/130wU wkí cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b wPswo

cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq| cÖwZwU KviLvbv memgq Pvjy _v‡K bv| Lyjbv‡K› ªxK cÖvq

30/40 nvRvi wPswo cÖwµqvRvZKiY kªwg‡Ki AwaKvsk bvix I wkï| Avg`vwb

(mieivn)-Gi mgq mßv‡n mvZw`bB KvR Ki‡Z nq GKRb kªwgK‡K| Avg`vwb

K‡g †M‡j KvRI K‡g hvq| mßv‡n mvZw`b 8-12 NÈv KvR K‡i GLvbKvi

mvaviY GKRb bvixkªwgK Avq K‡ib gv‡m yÕ †_‡K AvovB nvRvi UvKv|

wPswoLvgv‡i gRywi Av‡iv Kg| M‡o 30 †_‡K 50 UvKvi g‡a¨| Lvgv‡i g~jZ

†Ni cwi®‥vi ivLv I †fwoeuva •Zwii KvR K‡i bvixkªwgKiv|

GB wk‡í bvixkªwgK‡`i mPivPi wPswoi gv_v Qvov‡bv, eid cwi®‥vi Kiv, †Lvmv

Qvov‡bv BZ¨vw` KvR Ki‡Z nq| `uvwo‡q †_‡K †Lvjv nv‡Z eid Avi cvwb‡Z

NÈvi ci NÈv GB KvR Ki‡Z †h‡q nv‡Z-cv‡q bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v nq

kªwgK‡`i| †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K kªwgK‡`i A¨v‡cÖvb, n¨vÊ M­vfm, gv¯‥ BZ¨vw` †`qvi

wbqg _vK‡jI ev¯‡e Zv †`qv nq †Kej †Kv‡bv we‡`wk †µZv KviLvbv

cwi`k©‡b G‡j| wbivcËv-DcKiY e¨wZ‡i‡K KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ nIqvi Kvi‡Y

AwaKvsk kªwgK eû ai‡bi Pg©‡iv‡M Avµvš nq| cÖwZwU KviLvbv cÖPvi K‡i

_v‡K, Zv‡`i Wv³vi Av‡Q- ev ‡e Zvi †`Lv †Kv‡bv kªwgK †Kv‡bvw`bB cvq bv|

(O) ivBmwgj

evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx GLv‡b Kg©¶g gvby‡li msL¨v 5

†KvwUi †ewk (weweGm 2008)| G‡`i kZKiv 82 fvMB evm K‡ib MÖvgv‡j|

GB gyn~‡Z© MÖvgxY evsjv‡`‡ki ¸iZ¡c~Y© I weKvkgvb GKwU wkíLvZ n‡jv

ivBmwgj| mviv‡`‡k avb †_‡K Pvj •Zwii cÖvq 40 nvRvi ivBmwgj Av‡Q Ges

Gme wg‡j cÖvq 50 jvL kªwgK KvR Ki‡Q| cÖwZwU ivBmwg‡j 10-12 Rb kªwgK

KvR K‡i| GB kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvq A‡a©KB bvix| GB wgj¸‡jvi Acwinvh©

GKwU cÖhyw³ n‡jv eqjvi, hv‡Z avb wm× Kiv nq| h_vh_fv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv

nq bv e‡j ivBmwg‡j GB eqjv‡i cÖvqB we‡ùviY N‡U Ges G‡Z cÖPzi kªwgK

nZvnZ nq| MÖvgxY cwi‡e‡k ¯vwcZ Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ e‡j GB wk‡í

miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv Z`viwK †bB| kªgAvB‡bi i¶vKePI Abycw¯Z GLv‡b| †h

52

Kvi‡Y Awbqwš¿Z eqjvi cÖhyw³ †_‡K ivBmwgj kªwgK‡`i myi¶vq †KD †bB|

`yN©Ubv QvovI mw`©, R¡i, kixi e¨_v GB wk‡íi kªwgK‡`i ¯vqx kvixwiK mgm¨v|

Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡ÎI GB wk‡í kªgAvB‡bi jNb cÖKU| †hgb, †Kv‡bv kªwg‡KiB

†Kv‡bv ai‡bi wb‡qvMcÎ †bB| mevB‡K Pzw³wfwËK KvR Kiv‡bv nq Ges

wb‡qv‡Mi g‡Zv GLv‡b Kg©Pz¨wZi aibI †g․wLK| msL¨vMwiô kªwgK µgvMZ

KviLvbv e`j K‡i| cÖwZ †¶‡ÎB Zv‡`i PvKywiRxeb A vqx| wg‡ji g‡a¨B

wbgœgv‡bi Szcwo‡Z Mv`vMvw` K‡i Gme kªwg‡Ki Avevm‡bi e¨e¯v Kiv nq|

Kv‡R wba©vwiZ †Kv‡bv Kg©NÈv †bB| msL¨vMwiô kªwgK M‡o 12 NÈvi †ewk KvR

K‡i| G wk‡í gRywii aib Awfbe| w`‡b ev mßv‡n avb †_‡K hZ gY Pvj •Zwi

nq Zvi wfwˇZ gRywi| gYcÖwZ cyil kªwgKiv cvq cuvP UvKv, Avi bvixkªwgKiv

cÖvq 3 ev 4 UvKv| g~j †eZb Qvov Ab¨vb¨ myweav Aí I Awba©vwiZ| gRywi‡Z

bvix-cyil •elg¨ cÖKU, hv Avgv‡`i msweavb Kw_Z wb‡`©kbvi my¯úó j|Nb

Z‡e Gme mgm¨v wb‡q K_v ejevi †KD †bB, KviY ivBmwgj kªwgK‡`i †Kv_vI

†Kv‡bv msMVb †bB|

(P) wewo wkí

MÖvgxY evsjv‡`‡ki cyiv‡bv wk‡íi †h wQ‡U‡duvUv Aewkó Av‡Q wewo Zvi

Ab¨Zg| e„nËi iscyi, Kzwóqv, gqgbwmsn Ges cvebv A‡jB g~jZ wewo

wk‡íi AvwaK¨, KviLvbv Av‡Q cÖvq Pvi kÕ| Gi Aa©vs‡kiB kªg gš¿Yvj‡qi

Aby‡gv`b †bB|

wewoi Drcv`b cÖwµqv e¨wZµgag©x I cÖhyw³MZfv‡e GL‡bv Avw`g cÖK…wZi,

AwaKvsk KvR nq mveK›Uªv±-Gi wfwˇZ, evwo‡Z| Gme mveK›Uªv± †KvUvwfwËK

KvW© AvKv‡i Povg~‡j¨ wewµ nq| mveK›Uªv‡±i kªwgK eq¯‥ gwnjv I wK‡kvixiv

wewo wk‡íi g~j kªgkw³| me©¶Y GK ¯vqx ZvgvK-`~l‡Yi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z nq

G‡`i| G‡`i m‡½ gvwjK I kªg gš¿Yvj‡qi †hvMm~Î ¶xY| d‡j wPwKrmv,

cwi‡ek, ¶wZc~iY BZ¨vw` kã G‡Kev‡iB AcÖvmw½K I A‡Pbv †mLv‡b|

†emiKvwi Lv‡Zi kªwgK, hv‡`i msL¨v †gvU kªwg‡Ki 80 kZvsk Ges hv‡`i

g‡a¨ msL¨vMwiôB bvix| Zv‡`i gRywi GB `yg©~‡j¨i evRv‡iI AZ¨š bMY¨|

(Q) MÖvgxY FY cÖwµqvq bvix

¶z`ªFY Kvh©µ‡g MÖvgxY e¨vsK AvšR©vwZKfv‡e L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| ¶z ª F‡Yi

gva¨‡g `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi A_©‣bwZK ¶gZvqb NwU‡q †UKmB kvwš cÖwZôvq

Ae`vb ivLvi Rb¨ MÖvgxY e¨vsK I Gi cÖwZôvZv W. BDb~m †h․_fv‡e †bv‡ej

cyi¯‥vi jv‡fi †M․ie AR©b K‡i‡Qb|

53

¶z`ªF‡Yi †¶‡Î MÖvgxY e¨vsKB AMÖMY¨ f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k MÖvgxY

e¨vsK 2008 mvj ch©š 1856 wU kvLvi gva¨‡g 63 wU †Rjvi 433 wU

Dc‡Rjvq 43.53 j¶ m`‡m¨i gva¨‡g ¶z`ªFY Kvh©µg m¤cÖmvwiZ K‡i‡Q| FY

MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †gvU 41,72,023 Rb bvix| miKvwi cwimsL¨vb g‡Z,

evsjv‡`‡k †gvU 720 wU GbwRI ¶y`ªFY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q| G‡`i †gvU

DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v 1.46 †KvwUi g‡a¨ 0.25 †KvwU cyil Ges 1.20 †KvwU

bvix| †gvU m‡qi cwigvb 1,556.10 †KvwU UvKv| GB ¶z`ªF‡Yi 41.79

kZvsk wewb‡qvM nq ¶z`ª e¨emvq, 12.31 kZvsk K…wl, 17.64 kZvsk cï

m¤ú` Ges 7.39 kZvsk grm¨Lv‡Z| g~jZ 9 wU ms¯v eª¨vK, cÖwkKv, Avkv,

¯^wbf©i evsjv‡`k, wUGgGmGm, KvwiZvm, AviwWAviGm, ey¨‡iv Ges kw³

dvD‡Êkb †gvU ¶z`ª F‡Yi m‡e©vP Ask weZiY K‡i _v‡K| Gme F‡Yi kZKiv

24.84 fvM cj­x Kg© mnvqK dvD‡Êkb (wc†KGmGd) †_‡K msM„nxZ nq| G

Qvov evsjv‡`‡k cj­x Dbœqb †evW© (weAviwWwe), evsjv‡`‡k ¶z`ª I KzwUi wkí

Ki‡cv‡ikb (wewmK), gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, hye Dbœqb Awa`ßi,

mgevq Awa`ßimn wewfbœ miKvwi cÖwZôvb I gš¿Yvjq e¨vcKfv‡e bvix‡`i g‡a¨

¶z`ªFY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|

¶z`ªFY Kvh©µg MÖvgxY bvix‡`i A_©‣bwZK weKvk I ¶gZvq‡bi †¶‡Î ¸iZ¡c~Y©

f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q m‡›`n †bB| hw`I me †¶‡Î ¶z`ªF‡Yi UvKvi Ici bvixi

cwic~Y© wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ nqwb| ¶z`ªF‡Yi myweav bvixiv fv‡jvfv‡e †fvM Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv| †ewkifvM †¶‡Î UvKvUv bvixiv MÖnY K‡i e‡U, wKš‧ †klch©š Zv

cwiev‡ii cyil m`m‡m¨i nv‡ZB P‡j hvq| Zv Qvov Ávb I `¶Zv, cÖvwZôvwbK

my‡hvM-myweavi Afve, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, †ivM-e¨vwa, AwaK `vwi`ª¨ BZ¨vw` bvbv

Kvi‡Y F‡Yi UvKv e¨envi K‡i ¯^vejw¤^ nIqvi NUbv hZUv cÖPvi Kiv nq,

ev ‡e †ZgbUv †`Lv hvq bv| eis GKRb bvix GKBm‡½ K‡qKwU ms¯v ev

cÖwZôv‡bi Kv‡Q FY wb‡q GK cÖwZôv‡bi F‡Yi UvKv w`‡q Av‡iKwUi wKw¯

cwi‡kva K‡i| Gfv‡e MÖvgxY bvixiv AwaK gvÎvq FYP‡µ Ave× n‡q co‡Q|

G Qvov MÖvgxY bvixiv gvwU KvUv, BU fv½vmn wewfbœ wbg©vY Kv‡Ri m‡½I hy³

n‡Q| A‡bK SuywKc~Y© KvRI Zviv Ki‡Q wb‡Ri kª‡gi wewbg‡q ¶zav wbe„wËi

Rb¨|

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Kg©‡¶‡Î bvixi we¯…Z AskMÖn‡Yi GKwU cwi®‥vi wPÎ

dz‡U D‡V‡Q| A_P GB we¯…Z AskMÖnY AvRI RvZxqfv‡e ¯^xK…Z nqwb|

Kg©‡¶‡Î bvixi cÖK…Z AskMÖnY‡KB †Kej A¯xKvi Kiv nqwb; Zv‡K b¨vh¨

gRywi †_‡KI ewÂZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| K…wlLv‡Z GKRb cyi‡li gRywi bvixi †P‡q

A‡bK †ewk| A_P K…wl kª‡g bvixi Ae`vb cyi‡li PvB‡Z Kg bq| wK K…wl wK

54

AK…wl †Kv‡bv Lv‡ZB GKRb bvix mßv‡n M‡o 100 UvKvi †ewk DcvR©b Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv| A_P †`Lv hv‡Q, AK…wl †¶‡Î wb‡qvwRZ cyil‡`i g‡a¨ A‡a©‡KiI

†ewk mßv‡n M‡o 100 UvKvi †ewk DcvR©b Ki‡Qb| wewfbœ mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q,

PvKwi Rxe‡bi Ab¨vb¨ myweav, †hgb cÖm~wZ QzwU, AwR©Z QzwU, wPwKrmv QzwU, evwo

fvov, cwienb myweav BZ¨vw` †_‡KI cyi‡li Zzjbvq bvix‡K A‡bK †ewk ewÂZ

Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖvq me Kg©‡¶‡ÎB bvixiv wbPz ¯‡ii mePvB‡Z SzuwKc~Y©

KvR¸‡jv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ n‡q‡Qb| A‡b‡K Kg©‡¶‡Î cyi‡li PvB‡Z †ewk Kg©NÈv

cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb|

bvixi Kv‡Ri cwi‡ekI Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk A¯v ¨Ki, •elg¨g~jK| GQvov

eb¨v, R‡jvQ¡vm, Liv, b`xfivU, N~wY©S‡oi g‡Zv cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi mg‡qI

bvixiv A_©‣bwZKfv‡e SzuwKi g‡a¨ Ae¯vb K‡i|

Dcmsnvi

Kg©Rxex bvix cwiPvwjZ evsjv‡`‡k AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi bvixkªwgK‡`i Ae¯v

wbiƒcY kxl©K GK Rwic Abyhvqx 49.70 kZvsk bvixkªwgK cÖwZgv‡m m‡e©vP

gRywi cvq GK nvRvi UvKv| gvÎ 0.8 kZvsk bvix-kªwg‡Ki gvwmK Avq 3

nvRvi UvKvi Ic‡i Ges †Kv‡bv bvix-kªwg‡KiB gvwmK Mo Avq 4 nvRvi UvKvi

†ewk bq|

AvBGjIÕi GK mgx¶vq cÖKvk Ôbvixi †gvU M„n vwj kªg †hvM Ki‡j Zv A‡bK

†`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡bi A‡a©K n‡e (msev`, 1 †g, 2008) | Aci GK

M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, AvZ¥‡cvlYkxj Lv‡Z A_v©r M„n vwj Kv‡R M„nea~ ev‡`

cwiev‡ii mevB M‡o eQ‡ii 100 w`b e¨q K‡i _v‡K, c¶vš‡i M„nea~iv G‡¶‡Î

e¨q K‡i 200 w`b| Kv‡RB bvixi kªg‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv bv n‡j †`‡ki Kj¨vY

KLbB m¤¢e bq| G †¶‡Î mevi Av‡M Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e| RvZxq

A_©bxwZ‡Z bvixi A`„k¨ wecyj Ae`vb (Invisible contribution) cwigvc Ki‡Z

n‡e| A_©‣bwZK cwimsL¨v‡b M„n vwj KvRmn bvixi Ae`v‡bi c~Y© wPÎ

mwbœ‡ewkZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

GKBm‡½ bvixi A_©‣bwZK ¶gZvqb wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î G m¤úwK©Z evav¸‡jv

wPwýZ K‡i Zv cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †Kej ¶z ªFY cÖK‡í

bvix‡`i Ašf©y³ Kivi gva¨‡g bvixi A_©‣bwZK ¶gZvq‡bi j¶¨ AR©b m¤¢e

bq| bvix‡`i Aek¨B g~javivi A_©bxwZ‡Z Ašf©y³ Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨

bxwZgvjvq ms¯‥vi Avb‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z A_©‣bwZK LvZ Zv‡`i Rb¨ mgfv‡e Db¥y³

_v‡K| GRb¨ RvZxq msm`mn bxwZwba©viYx mKj ch©v‡q bvixi m¤ú„³Zv _vK‡Z

n‡e, hv‡Z K‡i bvixi mKj AwaKvi wbwðZ nq, Rwg I Ab¨vb¨ A_©‣bwZK

m¤ú‡`i Ici bvixi gvwjKvbvmn wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ nq, bvixi AMÖMwZ I

55

wbivcËvi Rb¨ msweav‡b msiw¶Z DËivwaKvimn Ab¨vb¨ †g․wjK AwaKvi

wbwðZ nq| wm×všMÖnY cÖwµqvq AskMÖn‡Y bvix‡K Aek¨B m¶g n‡Z n‡e|

RbRxeb‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb me ¸iZ¡c~Y© bxwZgvjv •Zwii †¶‡Î

bvix‡`i ¯^v_© I mgm¨vi welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ|

kªgRxex bvixi Pvwn`v‡K ¸iZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek DbœZ

Ki‡Z n‡e| GQvov hvZvqvZ I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯vq my‡hvM-myweavi †¶‡Î kªgRxex

cyi‡li cvkvcvwk kªgRxex bvixi mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| bvixi

¶gZvqb‡K Av‡iv GK avc GwM‡q †bqv hvq, hw` †`‡ki wk¶v cÖwZôvb, e¨vsK,

miKvwi Awd‡mi aib cwieZ©‡b Kvh©Ki †K․kj MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e nq, †hme

†K․k‡j †RÊvi mgZv cÖwZdwjZ n‡e Ges bvix‡K Avjv`vfv‡e bv †`‡L gvbyl

wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡e|

mnvqK MÖš’ I Z_¨m~Î:

Statistical Yearbook-2008, BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics)

evsjv‡`k A_©‣bwZK mgx¶v (2008): A_©‣bwZK Dc‡`óv AbywefvM A_© wefvM, A_© gš¿Yvjq,

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

bvix I Dbœqb cÖvmw½K cwimsL¨vb (2008) : DB‡gb di DB‡gb, evsjv‡`k

M„n¯vwj Kv‡Ri g~j¨vq‡bi wfwˇZ RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z bvixi Ae`vb, Wwe­Dwewe Uªv÷-†nj&_weªR,

XvKv, †g 2008

bvix I `vwi`ª¨ : wPiiÄb miKvi, †÷cm UzIqvW©m †Wfjc‡g›U, 2007

Kg©Rxex bvix I `vwi`ª¨ : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv, AwgZv `vm, evsjv‡`k bvix cÖMwZ msN-Gi

lvb¥vwmK Rvb©vj, cÖ_g el© wØZxq msL¨v| RyjvB-wW‡m¤i 2005

Bmjvg, Lvb Ges nK 2004, ÔMechanization and its effect in changing pattern

of genderwise employment to improve the rural labours livelihood in

Bangladesh’, evsjv‡`k A_©bxwZ mwgwZ mvgwqKx 2004

†m›Uvi di cwjwm WvqjM (2002): evsjv‡`k Dbœqb weZK© bxwZ msjv‡ci Av‡jv‡K, cvVK

mgv‡ek, XvKv|

- wPiiÄb miKvi: M‡elK, wmwbqi KwgDwb‡Kkb Awdmvi, †RÊvi Rvw÷m A¨vÛ

WvBfviwmwU †mKkb, eª¨vK, chiroranjan@gmail.com, 01715-025443

56

RvZxq A_©bxwZi AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©Rxex

bvixi f~wgKv

Lvb †di‡`․mi ingvb

Dbœqbkxj †`‡k wbewÜZ cªwZôvbmg~‡n Kg©ms¯v‡bi my‡hvM Ggwb‡ZB mxwgZ|

GB cwiw¯wZ‡Z †gvU RbmsL¨vi weivU Ask †mLv‡b AwbewÜZ cªwZôvbmg~‡n

Kg©ms¯v‡bi gva¨‡g RxweKv wbev©n K‡i| wbewÜZ bv nIqv‡Z D³ cªwZôvbmg~n

¯¦vfvweKfv‡eB †`‡ki Ki-e¨e¯vmn miKv‡ii bRi`vwi e„‡Ëi evB‡i Ae¯vb

K‡i| AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡kl K‡i Kg©ms¯vb m„wó,

†`kR Drcv`b I mÂq e„w× Ges m‡e©vcwi cuywRi weKv‡k ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i _v‡K| †hLv‡b cªvwZôvwbK LvZ chv©ß Kg©ms¯vb cª`v‡b e¨_©, †mLv‡b

AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ †_‡K AmsL¨ kªgRxex RxebaviY Ki‡Z mvg_© n‡Q|

DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj Dfq †`kmg~‡n, GK cwimsL¨vb †gvZv‡eK, cªvq 500

wgwjqb (50 †KvwU) gvbyl AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ Av‡Q| Gig‡a¨ wewfbœ

ai‡Yi kªwgK, M„nf„Z¨ ev M„n vwj Kv‡R mvnvh¨Kvix, nKvi, cwiQbœ-Kgx©, `wR©,

n wk‡íi KvwiMi, wbgv©Y-kªwgK, †R‡j, gvwS, ZvuwZ, w`bgRyi, Kywj, cwienb I

†`vKvb kªwgK, f~wgnxb K„lK BZ¨vw` Ab¨Zg| AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi D‡j¬L‡hvM¨

•ewkó¨ n‡Q GLv‡b bvixi AskMªnY cyi‡li Zyjbvq †ewk| †h †Kvb Dbœqbkxj

A_©bxwZ‡Z M‡o 60 kZvs‡kiI †ewk kªgRxex AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ Ges

†gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP)-Gi M‡o 40 kZvs‡ki †hvMvb`vi|

†KB_ nvU© 1970 mv‡j me©cª_g ÔAcªvwZôvwbK LvZÕ (informal sector) c`wU

e¨envi K‡ib, hv cieZx©Kv‡j 1972 mv‡j †Kwbqv wgkb cªwZ‡e`b-Gi gva¨‡g

AvšRv©wZK kªg ms¯v (ILO)-Gi ¯¦xK„wZ jvf K‡i| 1993 mv‡j cª`Ë GK Avš

Rv©wZK msÁv †gvZv‡eK AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ ej‡Z Ggb ¶y`ª I AwbewÜZ

cªwZôvbmg~n‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kªwg‡Ki g‡a¨ gvwjK I Kg©Pvix Df‡qB

wb‡qvwRZ _vKv QvovI AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡bi gva¨‡g wbR ev cvwievwiK e¨emvi mv‡_

mswk¬óivI Ašf©y³|

AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv Ges Gi AvbygvwbK cwiwa wbav©i‡Yi †¶‡Î

wewfbœ G‡cªvP e¨enƒZ nq| me‡P‡q †ewk e¨enƒZ msÁvwU †`qv n‡q‡Q †Kvb

wbw`©ó GKwU cªwZôv‡bi AvqZ‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i| GwU H cªwZôvbwU‡Z

wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki †gvU msL¨vi Dci Ges/A_ev cªwZôvbwU‡Z wewb‡qvMK„Z

57

cyuwRi Dci wbf©ikxj| AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi GB msÁvwU‡K 1993 mv‡j AbywôZ

wek¦ kªg-cwimsL¨vbwe`‡`i 15Zg AvšRv©wZK m‡¤§j‡b Av‡iv we¯„Z ev ¯có

Kiv n‡q‡Q| GiB avivevwnKZvq AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ‡K yBfv‡M fvM Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Gi cª_g `‡j i‡q‡Q AvZ¥Kg©ms¯vbK„Z Kg©Rxex, hvi g‡a¨ †eZbwenxb

cvwievwiK m`m¨e„›` Ašfy©³| Avi w`¦Zxq `‡j Av‡Q Kg©‡¶‡Îi wbivcËv I

myweavw` ewÂZ •bwgwËK kªwgK (casual worker), •`wbK gRyixwfwËK kªgRxex,

AcªvwZôvwbK cªwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix, M„n vwj Kv‡R mvnvh¨Kvix Ges cªvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z Kg©iZ A¯vqx, LÊKvjxb I Pyw³wfwËK kªwgK| ZvQvov cvwievwiK evm v‡b

M„n vwj Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bvixi cª`Ë kªg AcªvwZôvwbK kª‡gi Ašfy©³ n‡jI, Zv

Dc‡iv³ ywU `‡ji †KvbwUiB AvIZvq c‡obv|

Ab¨ GK msÁv †gvZv‡eK 10 R‡bi Kg kªwg‡Ki mgš¦‡q MwVZ †h †Kvb †QvU,

¶y`ª ev KywUiwkí AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ašfy©³| GB Lv‡Zi cªK„Z AvqZb wbf©i

K‡i G‡K wKfv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Dci| AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

Kg©‡¶‡Î †Kvb wbqgbxwZ gvbv nqbv, GgbwK †mLv‡b Zv M‡oI I‡Vwb| GLv‡b

PvKyixi †Kvb wbivcËv †bB| †Kvb wb‡qvMcÎ ev cwiPqcÎ cª`vb Kiv nqbv,

wbw`©ó Kg©N›Uvmn QywUi †Kvb wbðqZv _v‡Kbv| AZ¨š Kg gyRyix‡Z KvR †c‡jI

cvIqv hvqbv AwZwi³ Kv‡Ri b¨vh¨ cvwikªwgK ev †Kvb DrmefvZv| ZvQvov

†Kvb cªKvi `iKlvKwli e¨e¯v (collective burgaining) QvovB cªvq †¶‡Î

SyuwKc~Y© cwi‡e‡k KvR Ki‡Z nq, †hLv‡b cªPwjZ †Kvb kªgAvBb cª‡hvR¨ bq|

c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡ki gZ evsjv‡`‡k AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi msÁvqb GL‡bv ch©š

Kiv nqwb| Z`ycwi AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ ej‡Z g~jZ GLv‡b ¯¦ícyuwR‡Z mv`vgvUv

cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g A vqx Ae¯vb †_‡K AwbewÜZfv‡e cwiPvwjZ

msi¶Ywenxb wnmve mswk¬ó A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvʇK †evSvq| GLv‡b Drcv`‡bi

Dcv`vb (factors of production) wn‡m‡e kªg Ges cuywR‡K Avjv`v Kiv

Kómva¨| Ab¨w`‡K kªgwefvRb (division of labour) KivUvI `yiƒn| kªwgK

wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î †Kvb cªKvi Pyw³ ev A½xKvi QvovB m¤c~Y© A vqxwfwˇZ Ges

A‡bK †¶‡Î webv cvwikªwg‡K wbR cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wb‡qvM †`qv nq| cyuwR

†hvMvo Kivi Rb¨ AwaK my‡` FY Ki‡Z nq| Drcv`b LiP †_‡K gvwj‡Ki

mvsmvwiK LiP‡K Avjv`v Kiv Kómva¨ n‡q c‡o|

K„wlcªavb evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU †`kR Drcv`b K„wli Dci wbf©ikxj| wkíLv‡Zi

f~wgKv †Zgb D‡j¬L‡hvM¨ bq, hw`I †mevLvZ †mB Zyjbvq A‡bK GwM‡q

i‡q‡Q| †`kwUi AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi cªK„Z AvqZ‡bi Z_¨-DcvË GL‡bv ch©š

Rvbv m¤¢e nqwb| Z_vwc aviYv Kiv nq †h, AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi AvqZb

cªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi AvqZ‡bi Zyjbvq eo| AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ evsjv‡`‡ki

58

A_©bxwZi g~j PvwjKvkw³| ïaygvÎ igRvb gv‡m †g․mygx BdZvi evRv‡ii cªvq

cy‡ivUvB AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi AvIZvfy³, hvi Uvb©Ifvi nvRvi †KvwU UvKviI

†ewk| GLv‡b g‡b Kiv nq †h, kniwfwËK kªgRxex gvby‡li cªvq 50 kZvs‡kiI

†ekx AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ, hvi g‡a¨ Avevi A‡a©KB bvix| †emiKvwi

Lv‡Zi Dbœqb we‡kl K‡i •Zix-†cvlvK wk‡íi m¤cªmvi‡Yi d‡j kniwfwËK

cªvwZôvwbK Ges AcªvwZôvwbK Dfq Lv‡ZB Kg©ms¯vb e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Mªvg †_‡K

kn‡i Kv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ gvby‡li Xj ªZ e„w×mn K„wl Ges cªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z

Kg©gyLx gvbyl‡K AvZ¥xKiY Ki‡Z bv cvivq AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªgRxex gvby‡li

msL¨v `ªZ e„w× cv‡Q|

1996 mv‡ji GK wn‡me g‡Z K„wl, ebR I grm¨ Lv‡Z Kg©iZ 98 kZvsk

kªgRxexB AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ašfy©³| Aci GK wn‡me g‡Z, †`‡ki †gvU

kªgRxexi 32 kZvsk AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡bi gva¨‡g RxweKv wbev©n Ki‡Q| ZvQvov

†eZbwenxb cvwievwiK kªgRxex Ges •`wbK gRyixi wfwˇZ wb‡qvwRZ kªgRxexi

msL¨v h_vµ‡g 37 kZvsk Ges 18 kZvsk|

mviwY 1: wj½xq wfwˇZ Kg©iZ kªgRxexi wefvRb

wj½ kZKiv nvi

cªvwZôvwbK AcªvwZôvwbK

cyil 13.40 86.60

bvix 8.71 91.29

†gvU 12.29 87.71

(Drm: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv)

evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv'i †jevi †dvm© mv‡f© 2005-06 Abyhvqx (2008

mv‡j cªKvwkZ) †`‡k †gvU kªwg‡Ki msL¨v 49.6 wgwjqb (4 †KvwU 96 j¶), hvi

g‡a¨ 37.3 wgwjqb (3 †KvwU 73 j¶) cyil Ges 12.3 wgwjqb (1 †KvwU 23

j¶) bvix| evsjv‡`‡ki cªvwZôvwbK Ges AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi AbycvZ 20:80

Ges AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ Avevi kni I Mªvg GB `yBfv‡M wef³| XvKv

gnvbMix‡Z AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©ms¯vb 60 kZvs‡ki AwaK| †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨

¯v‡b GB nvi 80 kZvs‡kiI †ewk, hvi g‡a¨ Avevi AwaKvsk †eZbwenxb

cvwievwiK m`m¨|

59

mviwY 2: wj½xq wfwˇZ AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ †gvU kªgRxexi

†kªYxweb¨vm:

†kªYx cyi‚l bvix †gvU

Kg©Pvix 1,582,118 356,949 1,939,067

wb‡qvMKvix 105,139 12,916 118,055

AvZ¥Kg©ms vb 16,909,706 1,767,930 18,676,636

†eZbwenxb kªwgK 3,497,707 6,779,789 10,267,496

gRyixcªvß kªwgK 9,158,789 1,376,956 10,535,754

†gvU 31,243,469 10,294,540 41,538,009

(Drm: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv)

GKwU Awóªq wek¦we`¨vjq (Johannes Kepler University)-Gi 2003 mv‡ji GK

M‡elYv g‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi GK `k‡Ki evwl©K cªe„w×i nvi

4.5 kZvsk Ges hvi cwigvY 2000-2001 mv‡ji †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi cªvq

34.9 kZvsk| GKB M‡elYv cªwZ‡e`b †gvZv‡eK 1989-90 A_©eQ‡i

evsjv‡`‡ki Qvqv-A_©bxwZ (shadow economy)-Gi cwigvY wQj †gvU †`kR

Drcv`‡bi 26.2 kZvsk| GLv‡b cyi‡li gZ bvixivI AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z

Kg©iZ †_‡K †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L P‡j‡Q| Z‡e

evsjv‡`‡ki bvix gv‡bB Ae‡njv I •el‡g¨i ¯¦xKvi| GgbwK Zvu‡`i kªgRxex

wn‡m‡e ¯¦xK„wZ †`qv nqwb cªPwjZ kªgAvB‡b|

†`‡ki mvgwMªK Dbœq‡b bvix D‡j¬L‡hvM¨ f~wgKv ivL‡jI ïaygvÎ AcªvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z Kg©iZ weavq Zvuiv wewfbœ ai‡Yi •el‡g¨i wkKvi| wek¦ kªg ms¯vi 2008

mv‡ji GK cªwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx, GKB ai‡Yi cwikªg Ki‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki bvix

kªgRxex Zvi cyil kªgRxexi wecix‡Z 21 kZvsk Kg gRyix cvq| Wwe¬Dwewe

Uªv‡÷i Aci GK M‡elYv g‡Z, evsjv‡`‡ki bvix •`wbK M‡o 16 N›Uv KvR K‡i

Ges Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ AwaKvskB Aemi †bevi gZ mgq Lye GKUv cvq bv| ZvQvov

Zvu‡`i‡K M„n vjx Kv‡Ri cªvq meUyKy `vwqZ¡B cvjb Ki‡Z nq| Ggwb‡ZB

GKRb ¯vqx kªwg‡Ki mvgvwRK Ae¯vb AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z A vqxfv‡e wb‡qvwRZ

kªwg‡Ki mvgvwRK ghv© vi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| ZvQvov AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

wb‡qvM AwbqwgZ nIqvq †h †Kvb mgq ¯¦vgxi nVvr Kg©Py¨wZ‡Z ¯¿x A‡bK mgq

eva¨ n‡qB A‡b¨i evwo‡Z M„n vjx Kv‡Ri mvnvh¨Kvix wn‡m‡e KvR wb‡Z eva¨

nq| D³ M‡elYv g‡Z, evsjv‡`‡k bvixi M„n vjx Kv‡Ri A_©‣bwZK g~j¨ eQ‡i

69.8 n‡Z 91 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡ii mg cwigvb|

60

evsjv‡`‡k AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z bvixi Ae¯vb eyS‡Z n‡j Zvi Av_©-mvgvwRK

wewfbœ m~PK (indicator) †hgb: bvixi wk¶v Ges Kg©‡¶‡Î Ask Mªn‡Yi nvi,

gRyix cª`vb, wm×všMªn‡Yi ¶gZv BZ¨vw` m¤¦‡Ü c×wZMZ aviYv AbymÜvb

Ki‡Z n‡e| wj½xq AmgZv Ges •elg¨ bvix-cyi‡li gRyix wbav©i‡Yi †¶‡Î

¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| ZvQvov cªPwjZ gb-gvbwmKZvq cyil‡K Zyjbvg~jK DP

gRyixi KvR cª`v‡bi cvkvcvwk bvix‡K Kg gRyix‡Z SyuwKc~Y© Kv‡R wb‡qvM †`evi

cªeYZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq|

mvwe©Kfv‡e †`‡ki bxwZwbav©iYx †¶‡Î me‡P‡q eo P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv ch©vß Kg©ms¯vb

m„wómn Drcv`b Ges Avq e„w×i cvkvcvwk GKwU wbivc` Ges ¯¦v¯¨Ki Kg©‡¶Î

Ges mvgvwRK ¯¦xK„wZmn AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ‡K h_vh_ AvBbMZ •eaZv cª`vb

Kiv| Z‡e AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b mvwe©K bxwZwbav©iYx †¶‡Î g‡Zi wfbœZv

j¶Yxq| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z, GB LvZ‡K cªvwZôvwbK ¯¦xK„wZ †`evi Lye GKUv

cª‡qvRb †bB| KviY wn‡m‡e ejv nq †h, AvB‡bi K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y Ges

AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZvq GB Lv‡Zi Dbœqb Ges m¤cªmviY evavcªvß nq|

Aci c‡¶i g‡Z, AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ AvBbk„Ljv cwiw wZi AebwZ NUv‡bvmn

A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi c‡_ Ašivq| GB Lv‡Zi Kvh©µ‡g ew¯i †MvovcËbmn Zv

m¤cªmvwiZ nq| ZvQvov ¯¦v¯¨SyuwK e„w× cvq Ges wbivcËv wewNœZ nq| d‡j

mvgwMªK †kvlY cªwµqv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| D³ cªe³v‡`i g‡Z, mg‡qi AveZ©‡b

Ges A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi d‡j AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ggwb‡ZB wejywß NU‡e|

AwaKš‧ AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ K‡ii AvIZvi ewnf~©Z nIqvq evRv‡i c¶cvZnxb

cªwZ‡hvwMZvi bxwZgvjv (competition policy) Kvh©Kix _v‡K bv| Ab¨w`‡K

AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi GKwU weivU Ask kni‡Kw›`ªK nIqvq GB Lv‡Z miKvi

KZ„©K cª`Ë mnvqZvi d‡j †`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœq‡b MªvgvÂj‡K Ae‡njv K‡i

RvZxq m¤c` e›U‡bi mve©Rbxb bxwZ D‡cw¶Z nq| djkªwZ‡Z †UKmB Dbœqb

evavMª¯ n‡q c‡o|

†`‡ki mvgwMªK A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ Ges †mBmv‡_ †mLv‡b

Kg©Rxex bvix ¸iZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| AcªvwZôvwbK LvZ Ges Kg©Rxex

bvix Df‡qi Dbœq‡b cª‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c †bevi GLbB mgq:

1. AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi h_vh_ Dbœq‡b mKj c‡¶i AskMªn‡Yi wfwˇZ

GKwU RvZxq bxwZgvjv •Zwi Kiv Riix|

2. RvZxq A_©bxwZi ZË¡MZ Ges e¨envwiK Dfq †¶‡Î AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

f~wgKv Ges we‡kl K‡i GB Lv‡Zi mv‡_ mswk¬ó kªgRxex bvix‡K mgwš¦Z

Ki‡Z n‡e|

61

3. `xN©w`‡bi eÂbvi Aemvb NwU‡q Kg©Rxex bvixi Ae`vb‡K ivóªxqfv‡e

¯¦xK„wZ w`‡Z n‡e|

4. cvkvcvwk AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b miKvi KZ©„K h_vh_ n¯‡¶c Ges

mnvqZv cª`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. GB Lv‡Z by¨bZg gRyix wbav©iYc~e©K Kg©‡¶‡Îi cwi‡ek DbœZ Ki‡Z

n‡e|

6. AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b ¯vbxq miKvi‡K mswk¬ó Ki‡Z n‡e|

7. GB Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b Kg©ms¯vb e¨vsKmn Ab¨vb¨ e¨vsKmg~n‡K GwM‡q

Avm‡Z n‡e|

8. AcªvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i `¶Zv cªwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g e„w× Ki‡Z

n‡e|

9. mwVK cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K GB Lv‡Zi cªwZôvb¸wj‡K chv©qµ‡g ¶y`ª

Ges gvSvwi wkí (SME)-G iƒcvšwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

10. m‡ev©cwi †`kwU‡Z AvB‡bi kvmb Ges GKBmv‡_ mykvmb wbwðZ Ki‡Z

n‡e|

`vwi`ª eZ©gvb kZvãx‡Z wek¦ Dbœqb G‡RÊvi wecix‡Z me‡P‡q eo Ašivq|

Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡ni Mixe gvby‡li Rxeb I RxweKvi D‡j¬L‡hvM¨ Dbœqb

e¨wZ‡i‡K mnmªv‡ãi Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv AR©b e¨vnZ n‡Z eva¨| mvwe©K we‡ePbvq

†`kwUi Ac ªvwZôvwbK LvZ kªgRxex‡`i chv©ß my‡hvM-myweav cª`v‡b m¶g bv

n‡jI miKv‡ii †Kvb cªKvi mnvqZv QvovB wewfbœ cªwZKyj cwi‡ek AwZµg

K‡i Kg©ms¯v‡bi e„nr my‡hvM m„wómn RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i P‡j‡Q| bvixi K‡g©i h_vh_ ¦xK„wZ cª`vbmn miKvwi mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv

†c‡j Ges GB Lv‡Zi mv‡_ mswk¬ó‡`i cª‡qvRbxq cªwk¶Y cª`vbmn Kg©‡¶‡Îi

gvb e„w× Kiv m¤¢e n‡j GB LvZ RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z AviI Kvh©Kix f~wgKv

ivL‡Z m¶g n‡e|

- Lvb †di‡`․mi ingvb: Gg.wdj M‡elK, b„weÁvb wefvM, Rv. we.

- Cell: 01713-439008, E-mail: ferdous3820@yahoo.co.uk

Z_¨m~Î:

1. Avãyj¬vn Avey mvB` Lvb, 2009, IqvwK©s I‡gb Bb Bbdigvj †m±i Bb evsjv‡`k

†mvwmI‡jvwRK¨vj G‡cªvP, XvKv|

2. K„ò fi`vR, 1992, †jevi gv‡K©U Ggc¬q‡g›U cwjwm GÊ `¨ WvBbvwg· Ae

†W‡fjc‡g›U, BDwcGj, XvKv|

62

3. dviRvbv Bmjvg, 1991, Bbdigvj †m±‡i wb‡qvwRZ `wi`ª bvix kªwgK‡`i m¤c‡K©

wdìIqv‡K©i AwfÁZv, b„weÁvb cwÎKv (msL¨v 1), Rv. we., XvKv|

4. dvnwg`v LvZyb, 2009 (gvP©, fwjDg 4, Bmy 3), G Ig¨vÝ Iqvi, †dvivg, XvKv|

5. iv‡k` Avj-gvngy ZxZygxi, 2005, w¯‥jm& di‡gkb di `¨ Bbdigvj †m±i Bb

evsjv‡`k: G ÷ªv‡UwRK †dªgIqvK©, w¯cªÄvi, †b`vij¨vÊ|

6. jwi †Rvbm& I Ab¨vb¨ (m¤cvw`Z), 2007, `¨ B‡Kv‡bvwgK Kw›UªweDkb Ad Ig¨vb Bb

evsjv‡`k †_ªv †`qvi Avb‡cBW †jevi, Wvwe¬Dwewe Uªv÷-†nj_&weªR, XvKv|

7. IqvwK©s †ccvi Ab wjM¨vj †gKvwbRg Uy GgcvIqvi Bbdigvj wewR‡bm -evsjv‡`k

cvim‡cw±f, BDGbwWwc, XvKv|

8. www.mole.gov.bd

9. www.bbs.gov.bd

10. www.bils-bd.org

63

evsjv‡`‡k kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi, †cÖw¶Z I ev¯—

eZv

G¨vW‡fv‡KU g‡bvqvi †nv‡mb

kªwgK mgvRB BwZnv‡mi e„nËg ga¨weË †kªYx m„wó K‡i‡Q| Rxeb gv‡bi

AvR‡Ki GB DrK‡l©i Rb¨ c„w_exi cÖwZwU gvbyl GB kªwgK †kªYxi Kv‡Q FYx|

AvR‡Ki kªwgK mgvR †h myweav I AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Q Zv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|

G AR©‡bi Rb¨ eû R‡bi i³ S‡i‡Q, Rxeb w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| kªwgK mgvR

Av‡›`vjb K‡iwQj e‡jB AvR‡Ki G AR©b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| mywbw`©ó Kg©N›Uvi

`vex‡Z AvR †_‡K kZ kZ eQi Av‡M wkKv‡Mv kn‡i Av‡›`vjb n‡qwQj|

miKvi wkï kªg wbim‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i hv‡Q| gvwj‡Ki gybvdv jv‡fi

AvKvO¶vi Kvi‡Y wkï‡`i w`‡q SzuwKc~Y© I wbK…ó KvR¸‡jv Kiv‡bv n‡q _v‡K|

wkï kªg wb‡ivmb msµvš GKwU bxwZgvjv cÖYqb n‡j SzuwKc~Y© wkïkªg eÜ Kiv

wKQzUv n‡jI mnR n‡e|

kªwg‡Ki msÁv:

kªwgK ej‡Z wk¶vaxbmn †Kvb e¨w³, Zvi PvKzwii kZ©vejx cÖKvk¨ ev Dn¨

†hfv‡eB _vKzK bv †Kb, whwb †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b ev wk‡í mivmwifv‡e ev †Kvb

wVKv`v‡ii gva¨‡g gRyixi ev A‡_©i wewbg‡q †Kvb `¶, A`¶, KvwqK, KvwiMwi,

e¨emv Dbœqbg~jK A_ev †Kivbx wMwii KvR Kivi Rb¨ wbhy³ nb Ggb e¨w³‡K

†evSv‡e| Ab¨w`‡K kªg AvB‡bi Zdwmj 4 (9)-G ejv n‡q‡Q †h †Kvb feb, ev

KvVv‡gv, bxP †_‡K Dci ch©š 6 wgUvi ev Z‡ZvwaK DPZv m¤úbœ †Kvb evua,

†Kvb m~o½, †mZz, †Kvb moK wbgv©Y ev †f‡½ †djvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq Ggb

e¨w³‡K kªwgK ejv n‡q _v‡K|

Kv‡Ri aiY:

GKRb kªwgK hLb kixi I g‡bi Dci †_‡K mg¯ †bwZevPK cÖfve I SzuwKgy³

n‡q wb:k¼ wP‡Ë KvR Kivi cwi‡ek cvq, †KejgvÎ ZLbB GKRb kªwg‡Ki

c‡¶ m‡ev©P kªgUv †`qv m¤¢e nq| wKš‧ Kg©‡¶‡Î Avgiv Zvi wecixZ wPÎwUB

†`L‡Z cvB| bv ej‡jB bq G‡`‡k wkï kª‡g wb‡qvwRZ‡`i Ae¯v Av‡iv

fqvbK| †hgb- M­vm d¨v±wi‡Z M¨v‡mi Pzwj­i Kv‡Q cÖ‡qvRbxq KvuPvgvj †c․‡Q

†`Iqvi g‡Zv SzuwKc~Y© KvR K‡i hv‡Q G †`‡ki myweav ewÂZ wkïiv|

64

AvšR©vwZK kªg ms¯vi Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq- IqvK©kc¸‡jv‡Z I‡qwìs, e¨vUvwi,

U¨vbvwi, Kuv‡Pi KviLvbvmn wewo d¨v±wi Ges gvivZœK me ivmvqwbK `ª‡e¨i

e¨enviKvix cÖwZôvb ¸‡jv‡ZI wkï‡`i‡K KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| hv GKRb

wkïi kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKv‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKviK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq|

GQvovI wgwbevm-†U¤úy‡Z Pvj‡Ki cvkvcvwk †njcvi wnmv‡e, gqjv AveR©bv

msMª‡n, †h․bK‡g© gv`K`ªe¨ †PvivPvjv‡b, A ¿ enb, XvjvB KviLvbv, Mvwoi

IqvK©mc, †j`‡gwkb c­vw÷K KviLvbv, RvnvR kªwgK, †nv‡Uj kªwgK, ivRwgw ¿,

KvVwgw ¿, iWwgw ¿, gvwUKvUv, BuUfv½v is wgw¯¿ KvRmn †gvU 47wU SzuwKc~Y© Kv‡R

wkï‡`i kªwgK wnmv‡e wb‡qvM †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K|

†cvkvK wkí kªwgK:

†`‡ki †cvkvK wkí KviLvbvq cÖvq 25 jvL kªwgK KvR K‡i| Zv‡`i kZKiv

85 fvMB bvix| 2006 mv‡j kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ b~¨bZg †eZb 1662 UvKv Kiv n‡j

cieZx©‡Z mg‡qi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Avi evov‡bv nqwb| 2006 mv‡ji ci wbZ¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg e„w×, Nifvov I Ab¨vb¨ LiP †e‡o‡Q eû¸Y †mB

wn‡m‡e †eZb ev‡owb| Ab¨w`‡K Zviv †hLv‡b emevm K‡i †mLv‡b we`¨yr †bB,

M¨vm †bB, cvbxq R‡ji e¨e¯v †bB, Uq‡jU †bB ev †Mvmj Lvbvi e¨e¯v †bB,

AvBbvbyhvqx cÖwZwU KviLvbvq kªwg‡Ki ¯^v¯¨ myi¶vq Wv³vi I Dchy³ cwi‡ek

wbwðZ Kivi K_v _vK‡jI AwaKvsk KviLvbv‡ZB ev¯‡e Zv †bB|

Pv-wk‡íi kªwgK:

evsjv‡`‡k Pv-wk‡í Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i mgm¨v AviI cÖKU| BwZc~‡e© GKRb Pv

kªwgK •`wbK 32.50 UvKv gRyix †c‡Zv| Avi eQ‡i `yMv© cyRv Ges †nvwj

(dv¸qv) Drm‡e 250 UvKv K‡i `yÕwU †evbvm †c‡Zb| `xN© 36 eQi ci MZ 12

RyjvB XvKvq gvwjK c‡¶i cÖwZwbwa jvqjv ingvb Kwei kÖwgK cÖwZwbwa ivg

fRb •Kix I gRywi †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb Bd‡ZLvi Avn‡g` mgš‡q MwVZ †ev‡W©

P~ovš nq †h, Pv-wk‡íi wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki •`wbK gyRyix n‡e 48 UvKv Ges

†evbvm n‡e 1242 UvKv| cvkvcvwk Pv kªwgK‡`i 1 UvKv 30 cqmv nv‡i †ikb

cÖ`v‡bi wm×vš M„nxZ nq| hv Pv wk‡í wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ mvgvb¨ n‡jI

weivU GKUv cwieZ©‡bi Bw½Z enb K‡i|

M„n kªwgK:

A‡bK c~‡e© c„w_ex †_‡K `vm cÖ_v we‡jvc n‡jI eZ©gvb wek¦vq‡bi mg‡q `vm

cÖ_vi AvaywbK ms¯‥iY g‡b Kiv n‡Q M„n kªwgK‡K| Awej‡¤^ M„n kªwgK‡`i

Kv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ I gh©v`v cÖ`vb I Zv‡`i Dci †_‡K mKj ai‡Yi kvixwiK,

gvbwmK wbh©vZb I nqivwb e‡Ü Kvh©Ki e¨e¯v †bIqvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii AwaK

65

g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| Ab¨_vq M„n kªwgK‡`i Dci wbh©vZb I g„Zz¨i wgwQj

evo‡ZB _vK‡e|

wbg©vY kªwgK:

m¤cÖwZ M„n wbg©vY Kv‡Ri g‡Zv GKwU KóKi Kv‡R gwnjv‡`i hy³ nIqvi

cÖeYZv AwaKnv‡i j¶¨ Kiv hv‡Q| GB Lv‡Z `¶-A`¶, weaev, ZvjvKcÖvßv

Ges ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v gwnjvivB †ewk SzuK‡Q| hv‡`i Mo Avq 64-120 UvKv|

AvšR©vwZK kªg AvB‡b wba©vwiZ 8 N›Uvi ci AwZwi³ 2 ev 3 kªg N›Uvi Rb¨

Zv‡`i †Kvb cÖKvi evowZ gRywi cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv| AwaKvskB kªwgKB †Kvb

cÖKvi wbivcË¡vg~jK e¨e¯v QvovB Rxe‡bi ZvwM‡` KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K|

Ab¨w`‡K Kg©‡¶‡Î yN©Ubvq ¶wZcyiY cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î Avgiv †`wL †h, ïaygvÎ

cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvB †`Iqv nq| Amy Zv, cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b m½Z Kvi‡Y

Kg©‡¶‡Î Dcw¯Z n‡Z bv cvi‡j cÖvc¨ cvwikªwgK KZ©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K| C` ev

Ab¨ †Kvb agx©q Abyôv‡b webv fvZvq ïaygvÎ QzwU †`qv nq| M„n wbgv©Y Kv‡R

wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i †Kvb BDwbqb †bB| G‡¶‡Î GLbI bvix kªwgKivB †ewki

fvM †¶‡Î gRywi •el‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Q|

wbg©vY wk‡í kªwg‡Ki †ckvMZ wbivcËvi Rb¨ AvšR©vwZK kªg ms¯vi 75Zg

mvaviY Awa‡ek‡b 167 bs Kb‡fbkb M„nxZ nq| GB Kb‡fbk‡b 8(K)

30(2) 33(K) I 34(L) Aby‡Q‡` kªwg‡Ki wbivcË¡vi ¯^v‡_© mvwe©K Dbœq‡b

D‡j­wLZ aviv mgy‡n ¸iZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avkvi K_v evsjv‡`k miKvi GB

Kb‡fbkbwU Abymg_©‡b m¤§Z n‡q‡Q|

RvnvR kªwgK:

evsjv‡`‡k RvnvR wbg©vY wk‡íi cÖPzi kªwgK KvR K‡i _v‡K GB wk‡íi

kªwgK‡`i †¶‡Î GKB ai‡Yi wbh©vZb, †kvlY, wbcxob msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K|

Mvox PvjK:

cÖwZw`b µg:ea©gvb RbmsL¨vi hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ bZzb bZzb cwienY hy³ n‡jI

GB †m±‡i wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb †Kvb bxwZgvjv ev

AvBb GLb ch©š cÖYqb nqwb| G‡¶‡Î GLbI †mB gvÜvZv Avg‡ji cyivZb

AvBb AbymiY Kiv n‡Q| hvi Kvi‡Y G †m±‡i wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKivI eûwea

mgm¨vi †eovRv‡j Ave× n‡q Av‡Q|

wbh©vZ‡bi aiY:

66

mvgvb¨ Kvi‡Y kªwgK‡`i Dci †b‡g Av‡m gvwjK c‡¶i wbh©vZb †hgb: gRyix

KZ©b, †eZb eÜ, Po _và&o, Pzj a‡i gviv, KvwP w`‡q gviv, Lvevi †d‡j †`Iqv,

AK_¨ fvlvq Mvwj, c¨v›U Ly‡j †bIqv, emvi Uzj †K‡o †bIqv, KL‡bv Uzj w`‡qB

†cUv‡bv, m‡ev©cwi †h †Kvb ai‡Yi kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZb we‡kl K‡i †h․b

nqivwbi g‡Zv RNb¨ AcivaI msNwUZ n‡q _v‡K| Avgiv wbðq fywjwb

wgicy‡ii GKRb †cvkvK kªwgK‡K kxZ wbevi‡Y GKUv †MwÄ civi Awf‡hv‡M

D³ KviLvbvi wbivcËvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ wK wbôzifv‡eB bv cÖni Ki‡Z

Ki‡Z nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj|

mxgve×Zv:

evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk wbg©vY kªwgK •`wbK gRywii wfwˇZ KvR K‡i _v‡K| d‡j

Zv‡`i‡K •bwgwËK ev K¨vRyqvj kªwgK wnmv‡e MY¨ Kivq eZ©gvb kªg AvB‡bi

†ek wKQz aviv Zv‡`i †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e n‡Q bv, d‡j Zviv †ek wKQz

my‡hvM myweav †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Q| M¨vm-we`y¨r cwiw¯wZi Dbœqb nIqvi †Zgb

†Kvb j¶b †`Lv bv hvIqvq µgea©gvb msKU wk‡íi Drcv`b e¨q I

wewb‡qvM‡K SuzwKc~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Q| G‡¶‡Î kªwgK‡`i †¶vf I eÂbv‡K cywuR K‡i

GKwU gnj •bivR¨ m„wói cvqZviv Ki‡Q| kªwgK‡`i b¨vh¨ cvIbv cwi‡kv‡a

gvwjK c‡¶i Ae‡njv I wbôzi AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ me mgq GKUv

Am‡švl KvR K‡i _v‡K| Avgiv Rvwb kªwgK Qvov wkí APj, kªwgK Ae‡nwjZ

n‡j Zv Drcv`‡b †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Z eva¨| ZvB Avgv‡`i DwPr kªwgK‡`i

mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶ gvwjK-kªwgK-miKvi Dfq‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|

Zv‡`i aŸsmvZ¥K Kvh©µg †_‡K weiZ ivLvi j‡¶¨ wk¶v I cybe©vm‡b miKvi‡K

`„p c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| 2003 mv‡j AvBGjI-AvB‡cK XvKv kn‡ii

AbvbyôvwbK A_©bxwZ‡Z SzuwKc~Y© wkï kªg cÖwZ‡iva I wbimb cÖKíÕ-Gi Aax‡b

cwiPvwjZ Rwi‡c cvuP nvRvi 428 wU Kg©‡¶‡Î 11 nvRvi 998 Rb wkï‡K

cvIqv †M‡Q| hv‡`i eqm wQj 8 †_‡K 12 eQi| Kgj gwZ wkï‡`i‡K G

ai‡Yi KvR †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z wk¶v I cybe©vmb cÖKí AZxe Riix|

kªwg‡Ki wbivcËvq AvBbx weavb:

kªwg‡Ki †ckvMZ wbivcËv ej‡Z Avgiv eywS-kªwg‡Ki mvgvwRK, kvixwiK,

A_©‣bwZK I gvbwmKfv‡e wbivc` g‡b KvR Kivi ¶gZvB| evsjv‡`k kªg

AvBb 2006-G ejv Av‡Q hw` †Kvb kªwgK AvnZ n‡q 4 w`b KvR Ki‡Z bv

cv‡ib Zvn‡j wZwb ¶wZcyiY cvevi †hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡eb| AvnZ nIqvi

†bvwUk cÖvwßi 3 w`‡bi g‡a¨ gvwjK Zvi wbR Li‡P nq Zvi wPwKrmvi e¨e¯v

Ki‡eb, Ab¨_vq wPwKrmvi hveZxq LiP enb Ki‡eb| Kg©Kv‡j A_ev Kg© †_‡K

D™¢yZ †Kvb Kvi‡Y †Kvb kªwgK `yN©Ubvi wkKvi n‡j Zv‡K wb‡qvM cÖ`vbKvix

67

e¨w³ (gvwjK) A_ev †h cÖwZôvb D³ kªwgK‡K wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Qb †mB cÖwZôvbB

¶wZcyiY cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| G‡¶‡Î Pyw³c‡Î welqwU D‡j­L _vK‡Z n‡e GgbwU

bq| kªwgK I gvwjK c‡¶i g‡a¨ hw` GB wPwKrmvi LiP wb‡q mg‡SvZv Kiv

m¤¢e bv nq Zvn‡j kªwgK‡K Aek¨B Ae¯vi †cÖw¶‡Z h_vkxNÖB Av`vj‡Zi `vi¯

n‡Z n‡e|

me‡k‡l G K_v ej‡Z PvB-mKj ai‡Yi Kv‡R kªwg‡Ki AskMÖnb e„w× †c‡jI

•elg¨, wbh©vZb Avi Ae‡njv cÖwZwU c`‡¶‡c Zv‡`i‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q wech©¯| G

Rb¨ AvBbx AwaKvi cÖwZôvi cvkvcvwk mKj kªwgK‡K msMwVZ K‡i b¨vh¨ `vex

Av`v‡q kªwgK‡K wbR AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z cÖ‡qvRb- cÖwk¶Y,

IqvK©mc I Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb| hv wKbv AvMvgx w`‡b kªwgK AwaKvi cÖwZôv I

Am‡švl wbim‡b ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

- G¨vW: g‡bvqvi †nv‡mb: wmwbqi ÷vd wi‡jkb Awdmvi, SHarE & Staff

Relations Sections, gvbem¤ú` wefvM, eª¨vK

68

XvKv kn‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z bvix-kªgRxex:

GKwU mgx¶v cÖwZ‡e`b

gvRnvij Bmjvg, mykvš miKvi, ev‡iK †nv‡mb wgVy

wek¦vq‡bi av°vq evsjv‡`‡k cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ µgkB msKzwPZ n‡q co‡Q|

cÖwZeQi bZzb bZzb kªgkw³ hy³ n‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

†ckvq| Ab¨w`‡K cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi PvKzwi nvwi‡q A‡b‡K GLv‡Z hy³ n‡Z

eva¨ n‡Qb| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z bvixkªg †ewk cÖZvwiZ we‡kl K‡i Dbœqbkxj

evsjv‡`‡ki gZ †`‡k| eZ©gvb †cÖ¶vc‡U ¶z`ª ch©v‡qi mvsMVwbK cÖwµqvq

†hLv‡b kªg I cuywRi cv_©K¨ LyeB Kg, wbqggvwdK wb‡qv‡Mi cwie‡Z© AvZ¥xqZv

ev cwiwPZ gvbyl cÖvavb¨ cvq, kªg AvBb Kvh©Ki Kiv Kómva¨ GB AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z bvix-kªgRxexiv XvKv kn‡i Kg©‡¶‡Î Awdwmqvj †Kvb myi¶v, b~¨bZg

gRyix KvVv‡gv, kªwgK‡`i wbR¯ mvsMVwbK myweav, PvKwi ev Kv‡Ri wbðqZv,

wPwKrmv I Ab¨vb¨ myweav Qvov, Kv‡Ri gh©v`v I ¯^xK„wZi Afve, Awbw`©ó Kg©NÈv

Ges bvix wn‡m‡e wewfbœ wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡qI KvR K‡i Pj‡Q| evsjv‡`k

cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv 1998 mv‡j GK mgx¶vq D‡j­L K‡i‡Q-G‡`‡k Kgc‡¶ 58wU

†ckvq KvR K‡i bvix kªwgKiv|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªgRxex bvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯v, •elg¨, mvgvwRK

wbivcËv Ges DËi‡Yi AvKvvmn mvwe©Kfv‡e GKwU cÖv_wgK Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni¶

D‡Ï‡k¨ mgx¶vwU XvKv kn‡i †gvU PviwU GjvKv n‡Z 9wU AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

270wU bgybv wba©viY K‡i cÖwZ‡e`b •Zwi Kiv nq| mgx¶vwU‡Z †gvU 9wU

AcÖvwZôvwbK †ckv wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †ckv¸wj n‡jv M„nKg©x, BUfv½v kªwgK,

wkï kªwgK, Lvevi mieivnKvix, PvjevQv kªwgK, †mjvB Kgx©, †Vv½v kªwgK, bvix

nKvi, KvMR msMÖnKvix| †gvnv¤§`cyi, wgicyi, hvÎvevox I †KivbxMÄ GB 4wU

GjvKv‡K mgx¶v GjvKv wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq|

wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zvi †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq, AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªgRxex bvix‡`i

AwaKvs‡ki cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †bB| Zv‡`i A‡a©K wbi¶i, kZKiv 26.30 fvM

wb‡Ri bvg ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z m¶g Ges gvÎ 20.0 I 3.7 fvM h_vµ‡g cÖv_wgK I

gva¨wgK ¯ ‡ii we`¨vj‡q covïbv K‡i‡Q|

DËi`vZv‡`i gvwmK Av‡qi †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq kZKiv 32.2 fv‡Mi Avq GK

nvRvi UvKvi wb‡P| kZKiv 39.6 fvM 1000-1500 UvKv g‡a¨| 2500 UvKv

69

Dc‡i gvwmK Avq gvÎ kZKiv 7.4 fvM| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªwgK‡`i gRywii

aiY Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖkœ Kiv n‡qwQj †h, Kv‡Ri gRywi Kxfv‡e Zviv cvq| kZKiv

63.7 fvM DËi`vZv Rvwb‡q‡Q Zviv Kv‡Ri †k‡l gRywi cvq A_©vr •`wbK gRywi

cvq| mvßvwnK gRywi kZKiv 16.3 fvM Ges kZKiv 20.0 fvM gvwmK gRywi

cvq|

mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq, kZKiv 37.8 fvM ew¯‡Z Ges 56.3 fvM ew¯i gZ

evmvevwo‡Z _v‡K| Z‡e wkï I KvMR msMÖnKvix‡`i g‡a¨ ew¯‡Z emevm K‡i

h_vµ‡g kZKiv 70.0 Ges 96.7 fvM| Aciw`‡K kZKiv 90 fvM Lvevi

mieivnKvix Ges 83.3 fvM †mjvBKgx© evmv evwo‡Z (ew¯i gZ evmvevwo)

_v‡K| Z‡e A‡b¨i evwo‡Z, Kg©‡¶‡Î Ges iv¯vq emevmKvix‡`i msL¨v kZKiv

6.0 fvM| kZKiv 15.9 fvM DËi`vZv 500 UvKvi Kg fvovi evmvq emevm

K‡i| kZKiv 45.9 fvM 500-1000 UvKv Ges kZKiv 31.1 fvM 1000-

1500 UvKvi g‡a¨ fvovi evmvq emevm K‡i |

G Lv‡Zi bvix-kªgRxexiv Awfevmb K‡i‡Q g~jZ Aw¯‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvR‡b| Afve,

Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b, b`x fv½b, MÖv‡g KvR I emZevwo bv _vKvq †ekxi fvM gvbyl

XvKv kn‡i G‡m‡Q| mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq kZKiv 42.6 fvM Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b, 15.9

fvM b`x fv½b 7.0 fvM weaev/ ZvjvKcÖvß nIqvi Kvi‡Y kn‡i Awfevmb

K‡i| Z‡e kZKiv 43.3 fvM wkïkªwgK G‡m‡Q Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y, kZKiv 30.0

fvM †Vv½v •Zwi kªwgK I 66.7 fvM PvjevQv kªwgK XvKv kn‡i G‡m‡Q Kv‡Ri

mÜv‡b|

Lye KgmsL¨K bvix kªwgK Rxe‡bi ev¯eZvi Uvbv †cv‡o‡bi evB‡i wM‡q mvgvb¨

cwigvY UvKv n‡jI mÂq Ki‡Z m¶g hv kZKiv gvÎ 18.1 fvM| kZKiv

81.9 fvM e‡j‡Q Zv‡`i †Kvb gvwmK mÂq bvB| DË`vZv‡`i g‡a¨ gvÎ kZKiv

49 fvM mÂq K‡i| GB mÂqKvix‡`i g‡a¨ 200 UvKvi wb‡P mÂq kZKiv

24.5 fvM Ges 200-300 UvKv gvwmK mÂq K‡i kZKiv 48.9 fvM| 300

UvKvi Dc‡i gvwmK mÂq Av‡Q kZKiv 26.5 fv‡Mi| hviv FY wb‡Q Zv‡`i

gvwmK kZKiv 5 n‡Z 14 UvKv ch©š my` w`‡Z nq| kZKiv gvÎ 17.4 fvM

DËi`vZv FY MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wkï kªwgKiv †Kvb FY MÖnY K‡iwb| kZKiv 47

Rb FY MÖnY Ki‡jI Avqea©K ev Drcv`bkxj Kg©cÖwµqvi kZKiv 29.8 fvM

e¨envi K‡i‡Q| ¯^vgx‡K w`‡q‡Q kZKiv 21.3 fvM, wPwKrmv e¨‡qi Rb¨ 21.3

fvM, 17.0 fvM †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Rb¨ LiP Ges 10.7 fvM MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z

cvwV‡q‡Q|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z bvix-kªgRxexiv AwaKvskB AmsMwVZ Ges Zv‡`i †Kvb

wbR¯ msMVb †bB| kZKiv 89.3 fvM †Kvb mvsMVwbK cÖwµqvi mv‡_ hy³

70

†bB| cÖwZ LvZ n‡Z K‡qKRb K‡i mvsMVwbK cÖwµqvi mv‡_ hy³ Av‡Q hv †gvU

kZKiv 10.7 fvM| DËi`vZv‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡qwQj †h, Zviv

†Kvb msMVb Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z Pvq wKbv Dˇi AwaKvsk e‡j‡Q †Kvb msMVb

hw` Zv‡`i Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i Zvn‡j Zviv †mLv‡b †h‡Z cv‡i| kZKiv

81.9 fvM DËi`vZv e‡j Zviv msMV‡bi mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z Pvq|

miKvwi wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k bvix kªwgK‡`i b~¨bZg msL¨v GK †KvwU Ges GB

msL¨v µ‡g evo‡Q| AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z 40 fvM

Ae`vb iv‡L| 1999-2000 mv‡j AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kv‡Ri my‡hvM wQj

75.32 fvM hv 2005-2006 mv‡j e„w× †c‡q nq 78.48 fvM| j¶Yxq welq

n‡jv G Lv‡Z cyi‡li Zzjbvq bvixi AskMÖnY w`b w`b e„w× cv‡Q| 1999-

2000 mv‡j AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi †gvU kªgkw³‡Z cyi‡li AskMÖnY 77.47 fvM

†_‡K K‡g 2005-06 mv‡j `uvovq 73.92 fvM Ges bvixi AskMÖnY 22.53

fvM †_‡K e„w× †c‡q `uvovq 26.08 fvM| Acic‡¶ cyil kªgkw³i AskMÖnY

1999-2000 mv‡j 84 fvM †_‡K 2005-06 mv‡j 86.8 fvM e„w× †c‡q‡Q

Ges bvix kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cyi‡li Zzjbvq ªZ e„w× cv‡Q hv H mg‡q 23.9 fvM

†_‡K e„w× †c‡q uvovq 29.2 fvM|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wKQy cÖ¯—ve

- AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywi KvVv‡gv wbav©iY Kiv Ges

miKvwifv‡e G Lv‡Zi bvix kªwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywi wba©viY Kiv;

- G Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i ¯^í Av‡qi evm vb, cvwb, we`y¨r, M¨vmmn mKj cÖKvi

bMi †mevi e¨e¯v wbwðZ Kiv;

- bvix nKvi‡`i Rb¨ kn‡ii cÖvY‡K‡›`ª ¯vb wbav©iY Kiv, †hLv‡b Zviv

¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emv Ki‡Z cv‡i;

- miKvwi I †emiKvwifv‡e AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i Rb¨

¯^v¯¨MZ I †cbm&b exgvi D‡`¨vM †bqv;

- AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªwgKiv wb‡Riv D‡`¨vMx n‡q bMi `wi ª e¨vsK Pvjy

Kiv;

- AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK msMwVZ n‡q wbR¯ msMVb •Zwi Ges

miKvwi I †emKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †bUIqvK© •Zwi Kiv;

- Kv‡Ri Dchy³ cwi‡ek, wbivcËv, ¯v¯¨‡mev, †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯v wbwðZ Kiv;

- kn‡ii Av‡k cv‡ki Lvm Rwg bMi`wi ª‡`i eivÏ w`‡q we‡kl e¨e¯vq

Zv‡`i M„n wbgv©‡Yi e¨e¯v Kiv;

71

- †hmKj bMi`wi ª iv¯vq Avq Ges emevm K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ evm v‡bi

e¨e¯v Kiv;

- †UªW BDwbqb Ges ivR‣bwZK `jmg~‡ni AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó

G‡RÊv _vK‡Z n‡e Ges G Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq ev‡R‡U cÖwZeQi

eivÏ Kiv|

- gvRnvi‚j Bmjvg: wd«j¨vÝ M‡elK

- mykvš— miKvi: M‡elK

- ev‡iK †nv‡mb wgVy: M‡elK

72

evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK ev¯—eZv Ges

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ

ivRy Avn‡g`

f~wgKv

`vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Y G‡Ki ci GK bxwZ, †K․kj I Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡jI

evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi cªvq A‡a©K GL‡bv `vwi‡ ª¨i g‡a¨ w`b hvcb Ki‡Q| MZ

mv‡o wZb `k‡K G‡Ki ci GK Dbœqb cwiKíbv M„wnZ n‡jI `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b

†m¸‡jv Kvh©Ki †KvbI f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb|

KvM‡R-Kj‡g RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, A_©‣bwZK •elg¨ wbim‡bi K_v

_vK‡jI †`‡ki me m¤ú` P‡j †M‡Q gywó‡gq e¨w³i `L‡j| RvZxq Drcv`b

(wRwWwc) hZ †e‡o‡Q ZZ †ewk jvfevb n‡q‡Q abxK †kªYx| †e‡o‡Q eÂbv,

Mwie Av‡iv Mwie n‡q‡Q| GKBmv‡_ cyuwRev‡`i g~j bxwZ Abyhvqx abx‡`i g‡a¨

†e‡o‡Q m¤ú` e„w× I †fv‡Mi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ I mgvRRxe‡bi

me©Î G cÖwZ‡hvwMZv cÖmvwiZ n‡q cwiYZ n‡q‡Q jyUcvUZ‡š¿Ñ bxwZ, Av`k©

wemR©b w`‡q e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q yb©xwZ I jyUcvU|

G‡`‡ki 9 †KvwU gvby‡li cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯¨ †mevi wbðqZv †bB, 10 †KvwU gvbyl

¯^v¯¨m¤§Z cqwb®‥vk‡bi myweav †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Q, 5 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx 1 †KvwU

20 jvL wkï Acywó‡Z fyM‡Q, cÖwZ eQi 20 jvL wkï Kg IRb wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY

Ki‡Q, 1 †KvwU 10 jvL gvbyl we`y¨r myweav-ewÂZ| RvZxq Av‡q me‡P‡q `wi ª

5 kZvsk gvby‡li Askx`vwiZ¡ 1 `kwgK 03 kZvsk †_‡K K‡g .67 kZvs‡k

†b‡g †M‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K abx 5 kZvs‡ki Askx`vwiZ¡ 18.85 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o

30 `kwgK 66 kZvs‡k D‡V‡Q cÖwZeQi `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi nvi gvÎ 1%| Avi GK

`k‡K nZ`wi‡ ªi msL¨v †e‡o‡Q 40 jv‡Li †ewk|1

Gi wecix‡Z cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki gv_vq mv‡o 10 nvRvi UvKvi •e‡`wkK F‡Yi

†evSv †P‡c Av‡Q| cÖwZ eQi RvZxq ev‡R‡Ui D‡j­L‡hvM¨ Ask P‡j hv‡Q

•ew`wkK FY I Zvi my` cwi‡kv‡a| 2007-08 A_©eQ‡ii cÖ¯vweZ ev‡R‡Ui 13

`kwgK 5 kZvskB my` cwi‡kv‡a e¨q n‡e| Abybœqb ev‡R‡Ui 20 `kwgK 4

kZvsk G Lv‡Z e¨q n‡eÑ As‡Ki wnmv‡e Gi cwigvY `uvovq 10 nvRvi 7kÕ 85

†KvwU UvKv| Gig‡a¨ •e‡`wkK F‡Yi my` 1 nvRvi 3kÕ 21 †KvwU UvKv|2

1

A_©‣bwZK mgx¶v 2005 I 2009 we‡k­lY K‡i cÖvß Z_¨|

2

ev‡RU WKz‡g›Um 2007-08

73

A_©‣bwZK `k©b, cwiKíbv, I `vwi`ª¨

`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb‡K g~j j¶¨ †NvlYv Kiv n‡jI cÖwZwU cwiKíbv I †K․k‡jiB

g~j myi wQj wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi evov‡bv| A_©vr cÖe„w× AR©bB `wi ª gvby‡li

fv‡M¨i cwieZ©‡bi g~j PvweKvwV| wKš‧ miKv‡ii G `„wófw½ B‡Zvg‡a¨B fyj

cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi mv‡o 6 kZvsk Qvwo‡q †M‡jI Mwie

gvby‡li Rxe‡b D‡j­L‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Av‡mwb| miKvwi wnmv‡eB mv‡o 5

†KvwU gvbyl `vwi`ª¨mxgvi wb‡P emevm Ki‡Q| A_©vr A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w× evo‡jB

`vwi`ª¨ Kg‡eÑ G ai‡bi wPšv fyj cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| ewa©Z wRwWwci wmsnfvM abx

†jv‡Kiv †fvM Kivq evsjv‡`‡k abx-Mwie •elg¨ evo‡Q| Gi g~j KviY n‡jv G

ch©š ivóª ¶gZvq AwawôZ me¸‡jv ivR‣bwZK `jB cyuwRev`x A_©‣bwZK `k©‡bi

wfwˇZ ivóª cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q| cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î cwigvYMZfv‡e Kg-†ewk n‡jI

¸YMZfv‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †KvbI cv_©K¨B wQj bv| ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1972 mv‡j

cÖYxZ †`‡ki msweav‡b ÔmgvRZš¿Õ†K ivóª cwiPvjbvi Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e

MÖnY Kiv n‡jI ivóªxq bxwZ‡Z Zvi cÖwZdjb wQj AwZ mvgvb¨| mgvRZvwš¿K

A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯vi Av‡jv‡K Kj-KviLvbvi RvZxqKiY Kiv n‡jI `jxq

`„wófw½‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q Gme cÖwZôvb cwiPvwjZ nq ÔmvgšZvwš¿KÕ e¨e¯vcbvq|

1975 mv‡ji cUcwieZ©‡bi ci wkí KviLvbv¸‡jv G‡K G‡K P‡j †h‡Z _v‡K

e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq| Lwe©Z nq kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi| ïay ZvB bq, FY`vZv

ms¯v¸‡jvi civg‡k© K…wlmn kªgNb LvZ¸‡jv †_‡K ivóªxq mnvqZv Zz‡j †bqv

n‡Z _v‡K| beŸB‡qi `kK †_‡K G cÖwµqv Av‡iv †Rvi`vi nq|

FY`vZv‡`i civgk© I `wj‡j `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb ev RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi AmsL¨

j‡¶¨i K_v ejv n‡jI Zvi mv‡_ RbM‡Yi †Kv‡bv cÖZ¨¶ m¤úK© _v‡K bv| †h

†Kv‡bv cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î DbœZ †`‡ki Ôg‡WjÕ cÖvavb¨ cvq| vbxq

BwZnvm, HwZn¨, A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÊ •ewkó¨ Ges Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯

eZv‡K cÖvavb¨ bv w`‡qB bxwZ I cwiKíbv cÖYqb KivB G¸‡jvi e¨_©Zvi g~j

KviY| evsjv‡`‡ki weMZ mv‡o wZb `k‡Ki A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯vcbv, bxwZ-†K․kj

Ges cwiKíbvi djvdj †_‡K GK_v ¯úóZB ejv hvq †h, ¯vbxq ev¯eZv,

RbM‡Yi Avkv-AvKvv, Av_©-mvgvwRK •elg¨ Ges A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi¶

we`¨gvb †cÖ¶vcU we‡ePbvq bv wb‡q †Kv‡bv cwiKíbvB mvaviY gvby‡li fv‡M¨i

cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cvi‡e bv|

A_©bxwZi g~j‡mªvZ

AvengvbKvj a‡i K…wli Ici wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi g~j wfwË M‡o

D‡V‡Q| wKš‧ K…wl Rwgi mxgve×Zv, RbmsL¨v e„w×mn bvbv Kvi‡Y A_©‣bwZK

Dbœqb Ges Kg©ms¯v‡bi Rb¨ ïay K…wli Ici wbf©i K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn KwVb n‡q

74

c‡o‡Q| d‡j K…wlwbf©i †`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê

K…wlwbf©iZv µgk n«vm cv‡Q| †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (wRwWwc)Õ LvZIqvwi

Ae`v‡bi †¶‡Î B‡Zvg‡a¨B K…wl‡K Qvwo‡q †M‡Q wkí LvZ| 1995-96 A_©eQ‡i

wRwWwc‡Z K…wli Ae`vb wQj 20 `kwgK 32 kZvsk| MZ A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc‡Z

K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb AviI K‡g 16 `kwgK 91 kZvs‡k †b‡g G‡m‡Q| MZ

A_©eQ‡i A_©bxwZ weKv‡k ¸iZ¡c~Y© Av‡iK Drcv`bkxj LvZ wk‡íi Ae`vb wQj

17 `kwgK 5 kZvsk| GQvov wRwWwc‡Z wbg©vY LvZ 9 `kwgK 15 kZvsk,

cwienY, msi¶Y I †hvMv‡hvM LvZ 10 `kwgK 10 kZvsk, wi‡qj G‡÷U fvov

I Ab¨vb¨ e¨emv 7 `kwgK 88 kZvsk, KwgDwbwU, mvgvwRK I e¨w³MZ †mev

LvZ 7 `kwgK 25 kZvsk Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q|3

RbmsL¨v e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ wecyj msL¨K gvby‡li Kg©ms¯vb m„wó, ewa©Z

Pvwn`vbyhvqx Lv`¨ Drcv`b Ges mvgwMÖK A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b GLbI K…wl Lv‡Zi

¸iZ¡ Acwimxg| †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi me‡P‡q eo Ask Mixe w`bgRyi †kªYxi

Kg©ms¯v‡bi cÖavb †¶Î K…wl| kªgkw³ e„w×i m‡½ m‡½ cÖwZeQi K…wlgRy‡ii

msL¨v cÖvq `yB kZvsk nv‡i evo‡Q| kªgkw³ Rwic 2005-06 Abyhvqx †`‡ki

†gvU kÖgkw³i 48.10 kZvsk K…wlKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q|4

wRwWwc‡Z Ae`vb Ges Kg©ms¯v‡b ¸iZ¡ we‡ePbvq wb‡q ejv hvq evsjv‡`‡ki

A_©bxwZ GL‡bv AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ici wfwË K‡iB AMÖmi n‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg I kn‡i K…wl, wPswo I grm¨ Pvl I cÖwµqvKiY, wbg©vY I

mswk­ó KvR, PvZvj, †mjvB KvR, I‡qwìs, ZuvZ, wewo KviLvbv, wcÖw›Us, †nv‡Uj

I †i‡ viuv, wk¶v LvZ, ¯^v¯¨ I mvgvwRK Kg©, cvBKvwi I LyPiv we‡µZv

cÖwZôvb, BUfvUv, M„n vwj Kg©, †QvU g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis LvZ cÖf„wZ LvZ‡K

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wn‡m‡e aiv nq|

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ : Kg©ms¯’v‡bi g~j wfwË

†`‡k cÖwZeQi 7 `kwgK 68 kZvsk nv‡i evo‡Q Kg©¶g gvby‡li msL¨v| eQ‡i

kªgevRv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q cÖvq 8 jvL 60 nvRvi bZzb kªgkw³| Gi wecix‡Z

Kg©ms¯vb e„w×i nvi 5 `kwgK 5 kZvsk| cÖwZeQi †gvU 5 jvL 40 nvRvi

gvbyl bZzb K‡i K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ nIqvi my‡hvM cv‡Q| evwK 3 jvL 20 nvRvi

kªgkw³ †eKvi Ae¯vq w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Q|

2005-06 A_©eQ‡i cwiPvwjZ me©‡kl k«gkw³ Rwi‡ci mvgwqK wnmve Abyhvqx

†`‡k 15 eQi eq‡mi E‡aŸ© A_©‣bwZKfv‡e Kg©¶g kÖgkw³i msL¨v 4 †KvwU 95

3

A_©‣bwZK mgx¶v 2009|

4

kªgkw³ Rwic 2005-06, evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv

75

jvL| Gig‡a¨ 4 †KvwU 74 jvL kªgkw³ wewfbœ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| K‡g©

wb‡qvwRZ‡`i g‡a¨ cyil 3 †KvwU 61 jvL Ges bvix 1 †KvwU 13 jvL| Gig‡a¨

41.98 kZvsk kªgkw³ ¯^K‡g© wb‡qvwRZÑ hv 2002-03 A_©eQ‡ii kªgkw³

Rwic Abyhvqx wQj 44.70 kZvsk| A_©vr, `yÕ eQ‡i AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡bi nvi cÖvq

2.72 kZvsk K‡g‡Q| me©‡kl Rwic Abyhvqx w`bgRyi I wbqwgZ wb‡qvMK…Z

Kg©xi nvi h_vµ‡g 18.14 kZvsk I 13.92 kZvsk| Avi webv gRywi‡Z

cvwievwiK k«‡g wb‡qvwR‡Zi nvi 21.73 kZvsk|

Kg©ms¯v‡b iv‡óªi cÖZ¨¶ f~wgKv n«vm cvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Kg©ms¯v‡bi aiYI

e`‡j hv‡Q| GKw`‡K MÖv‡g †hgb K…wl Rwgi AvqZb I dmj •ewP‡Î¨i

cwieZ©b NU‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K kn‡i wkí Lv‡Z Avm‡Q cwieZ©b| MZ 10 eQ‡i bZzb

K‡i m„ó Kg©ms¯v‡b miKvwi Lv‡Zi Ae`vb gvÎ 4 `kwgK 5 kZvsk| G mg‡q

95 `kwgK 2 kZvsk Kg©ms¯vb m„wó n‡q‡Q †emiKvwi Lv‡Z| evwK k~b¨ `kwgK

3 kZvsk Kg©ms¯vb m„wó n‡q‡Q AjvfRbK Lv‡Z| mvgwMÖKfv‡e 80.8 fvM

Kg©ms¯vb m„wó n‡q‡Q †emiKvwi AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z|

evsjv‡`k kÖwgK Kj¨vY dvD‡Êkb AvBb, 2006 Gi msÁv Abyhvqx

ÔAcÖvwZôvwbK LvZÕ n‡jv Giƒc †emiKvwi LvZ †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kÖwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri

ev PvKzixi kZ©, BZ¨vw` we`¨gvb kÖg AvBb I Z`vaxb cÖYxZ wewa-weav‡bi

AvIZvq wba©vwiZ wKsev wbqwš¿Z b‡n Ges †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kÖwgK‡`i msMwVZ

nIqvi my‡hvM AZ¨š mxwgZ| †mB wn‡m‡e †`‡ki AwaKvsk LvZB GL‡bv

AcÖvwZôvwbK ch©v‡q i‡q †M‡Q|

K…wl Qvov AcÖvwZôvwbK Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi mvgwMÖK Kg©ms¯v‡bi mwVK cwimsL¨vb

cvIqv KwVb| Z‡e evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi me©‡kl wnmv‡e †`‡k I‡qwìs

KviLvbvi msL¨v 28 nvRvi 290wU| †mB wn‡m‡e †`‡k G Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK

msL¨v cÖvq 1 jvL 25 nvRvi| †gvUiMvwoi ewW •Zwi Ges †gvUi IqvK©k‡c

K‡qK jvL kªwgK KvR K‡ib|

weweGmÕi wnmve Abyhvqx †`‡k A‡Uv‡gvevBj KviLvbvi msL¨v 9 nvRvi 614 wU|

Gme KviLvbvq Kg©iZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v 38 nvRvi 93 Rb| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b

KviLvbvi msL¨vK 15 nvRvi Ges kªwg‡Ki msL¨v 50 nvRvi Qvwo‡q †M‡Q e‡j

G Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZiv g‡b K‡ib|

nvjKv cÖ‡K․kj (jvBU BwÄwbqvwis) wk‡íi 40 nvRv‡iiI †ewk KviLvbvq

mivmwi 6 jvL gvbyl Kg©iZ Av‡Qb|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi g‡a¨ PvZvj wkí Ab¨Zg| miKvwi cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx

†`‡k †gvU ivBm wg‡ji msL¨v 16 nvRvi 350 wU| Gig‡a¨ 381wU A‡Uv‡gwUK

76

(¯qswµq) ivBm wgj, 283wU †mwg-A‡UvivBm wgj I 15 nvRvi 686wU nvmwKs

wgj (†QvU ivBm wgj)|5

Z‡e PvZvj wk‡í wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki mwVK cwimsL¨vb

cvIqv hvqwb| AvbygvwbK wnmv‡e G msL¨v cÖvq Pvi jvL| Gi g‡a¨ cÖvq 3 jvL

bvix kªwgK evwK 1 jvL cyil|6

me©‡kl kªgkw³ Rwic Abyhvqx, †`‡ki †gvU kªgkw³i mv‡o 3 kZvsk wbg©vY

wk‡í wb‡qvwRZ| †mB wn‡m‡e G Lv‡Z kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq 15 jvL| Gig‡a¨

cyil mv‡o 14 jvL| evwKiv bvix kªwgK|

M„nkª‡g wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q †`‡ki wecyjmsL¨K kªgkw³| Ô•kkeÕ bv‡gi GKwU

†emiKvwi ms¯vi Rwi‡ci Z_¨ Abyhvqx ïay XvKv kn‡i cÖvq wZb jvL M„nkªwgK

wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| G‡`i 80 kZvskB bvix|

miKvwi wnmv‡e evsjv‡`‡k AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwg‡Ki b~¨bZg

msL¨v GK †KvwU | G msL¨v µ‡gB evo‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK I AcÖvwZôvwbK Dfq

Lv‡Z bvix‡`i kªwgK wn‡m‡e wbqy³ nIqvi aviv µgea©gvb n‡jI AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡ZB Zv‡`i msL¨v †ewk| Avi wbgœweË cwiev‡ii bvixivB G Lv‡Z hy³ n‡Q

†ewk| wewfbœ Ae‡njv D‡c¶v K‡i bvixi Aw¯Z¡ i¶vq ¯ D‡`¨v‡M Kg©ms¯vb

†e‡Q wb‡Z eva¨ n‡Qb|

†bB ¯xK…wZ I AwaKvi

A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡j Gi ¯xK…wZ Ges b¨vh¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ

n‡Q AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ Ges G‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKiv| K‡qKwU AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi kÖwgK‡`i m¤ú‡K© †LvuR-Lei wb‡q Rvbv †M‡Q, †mme cÖwZôv‡b kÖgAvBb

gvbv nq bv| b~¨bZg gRywii evjvBI †bB| AwbqwgZ †eZb, KviLvbvq

gviaimn fqfxwZ †`Lv‡bv wbZ¨‣bwgwËK e¨vcvi| wKš‧ Gme Lv‡Zi kÖwgKiv

msMwVZ bq e‡j Zviv cÖwZev`I Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|

wewfbœ Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ wekvj kÖwgK †kªYx Zv‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ GL‡bv

msMwVZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| AwaKvsk Lv‡Zi kÖwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywi ev •`wbK

kÖgN›Uv GL‡bv wba©vwiZ nqwb| I‡qwìs‡qi KvR K‡i GKRb kÖwgK m‡e©vP

AvovB nvRvi UvKv (IfviUvBgmn) †eZb cvb| G Lv‡Zi A‡bK kÖwg‡Ki †eZb

†`o nvRvi UvKviI Kg|

†gvUiMvwoi ewW •Zwi Ges †gvUi IqvK©k‡c kÖwgKiv AZ¨š A¯v¯¨Ki I

SuywKc~Y© cwi‡e‡k KvR K‡i _v‡Kb| GiciI †eZb hv cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z Zv‡`i

5

Lv`¨ I `y‡h©vM e¨e¯vcbv gš¿Yvj‡q †iwR‡÷ªkb Z_¨|

6

mvC`yj Bmjvg, B‡ËdvK, 1 †g, 2009

77

msmvi Pvjv‡Z Kó nq| gvwj‡Ki ûgwK-avgwK, wbh©vZb G Lv‡Zi D‡j­L‡hvM¨

NUbv| KvR †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ wecyjmsL¨K wkï kÖwgK‡K webv gRywi‡Z G Lv‡Z

wb‡qvwRZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

wbg©vY wk‡í Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ 13 jvL kªwgKB AmsMwVZ Ges G‡`i e„nr

AskB kn‡i Kg©iZ| GLv‡Z eZ©gv‡b gvÎ 86 nvRvi †UªW BDwbqbfz³ kªwgK

i‡q‡Qb| Z‡e kªg cwi`߇ii †iwRw÷ªK…Z †dWv‡ik‡bi msL¨v 9 wU Ges Zvi

kªwgK msL¨v 43922 Rb|7

†hme wbg©vY kÖwgK msMVb RwoZ Av‡Qb Zviv

Zv‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq m‡PZb n‡jI evwK kÖwgKiv †m my‡hvM cv‡Qb bv| G

Lv‡Z kÖwgKiv cÖvqB `yN©Ubvq c‡ob| wKš‧ Zviv †Kvb exgvi AvIZvq _v‡Kb bv

e‡j gvwjKiv Zv‡`i‡K ¶wZc~iY †_‡K ewÂZ K‡ib|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv Z`viwK †bB| kªgAvB‡bi i¶vKePI

Abycw¯Z GLv‡b| d‡j G Lv‡Z Awbqwš¿Zfv‡e Pj‡Q kªg‡kvlY| b¨vh¨ gRywi

I Kg©cwi‡ek †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Qb kªwgKiv| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z †Kv‡bv

kªwgK‡KB wb‡qvMcÎ †`qv nq bv| g~j †eZb Qvov Ab¨vb¨ myweav Aí I

Awba©vwiZ| gRywi‡Z bvix-cyil •elg¨ cÖKUÑ hv Avgv‡`i msweavb Kw_Z

wb‡ ©kbvi my¯úó j¡Nb| msweav‡b ejv n‡q‡Q Òiv‡óªi Ab¨Zg †g․wjK `vwqZ

nB‡e †gnbwZ gvbyl‡K; K…lK I kªwg‡Ki Ges RbM‡Yi AbMÖmi Askmg~n‡K

mKj cÖKvi †kvlY nB‡Z gyw³ `vb Kiv|Ó (Aby‡Q`-14)|

A_©bxwZi ¯^v‡_©B fve‡Z n‡e Zv‡`i K_v

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ †`‡k †Kv‡bv AvBb ev

bxwZgvjv †bB| kªwgK Av‡›`vj‡bI G welqwU Lye †ewk ¸iZ¡ cvqwb| wKš‧

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi wecyj msL¨K kªwgK‡K Zv‡`i AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡j

mvgwMÖKfv‡e †`‡ki A_©bxwZB ¶wZMÖ¯ n‡e| Gme Lv‡Z Drcv`bkxjZv evov‡Z

n‡j kªwgK‡`i b¨vh¨ AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

miKv‡ii w`K †_‡K D‡j­L‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv mnvqZv QvovB bvbv euvav wecwË AwZµg

K‡i †ek K‡qKwU AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ Dbœqb I weKv‡ki m‡e©vP mxgvq †cu․‡Q‡Q|

GLvb †_‡K AwaKZi Dbœq‡bi wek¦evRv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Ae¯v‡b `uvov‡Z

n‡j Gme LvZ‡K cÖvwZôvwbK wfwËi Ici `uvo Kiv‡Z n‡e| D‡`¨v³v‡`i

cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ‡Yv`bvi cvkvcvwk Aek¨B kªwgK‡`i me iKg AwaKvi wbwðZ

Ki‡Z n‡e|

7

•`wbK B‡ËdvK, 1 †g 2009

78

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Av‡iKwU eo mgm¨v n‡jv mviv eQi KvR bv

cvIqv| AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Gme Lv‡Z kªwgKiv wb‡qvMcÖvß nb bv| d‡j KvR

_vKv bv _vKvi Ici wbf©i K‡i G‡`i †eZb ev gRywi cÖvwß| K…wl‡Z eZ©gv‡b

MÖvgxY gRyi‡`i eQ‡i 150 w`‡bi †ewk KvR _v‡K bv| ZvB eQ‡ii evwK A‡a©K

mg‡q MÖvgxY gRyi‡`i MÖv‡gi AK…wlLv‡Z A_ev Ab¨Î kn‡i Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b

QyU‡Z nq| wbg©vY Ges PvZvj kªwgK‡`iI eQ‡ii GKvsk Kg©nxb _vK‡Z nq|

Gme kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ mviv eQ‡ii Kv‡Ri wbðqZv cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯v Kiv Riwi|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i kªg AvB‡bi AvIZvq G‡b Zv‡`i ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb

Ki‡Z n‡e| mKj Lv‡Z kªwgK‡`i wb‡qvMcÎ, b¨vh¨ gRywi, Kg©N›Uv wbw`©ó Kiv,

¯^í e¨‡q evm v‡bi e¨e¯v Ki‡Z n‡e| miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

kªwgK‡`i 100 w`‡bi Kg©ms¯v‡bi wbðqZv, my`gy³ e¨vsK FY, `vwi`ª¨ e¨vsK

Pvjy, Kv‡Ri Dchy³ cwi‡ek, wbivcËv Ges ¯^v ¨‡mev wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e|

- ivRy Avn‡g`: mvsevw`K

79

wiKkv D‡‛Q` bq, myôz e¨e¯’vcbv Ri‚wi

Avwgbyj Bmjvg myRb I gvid ingvb

evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 10 j¶ wiKkv i‡q‡Q| cÖvq cÂvk j¶ gvbyl wiKkv mswk­ó

wewfbœ †ckvi Dci wbf©ikxj| wiKkv •Zwi, Pvjv‡bv, †givgZ, •Zwii Rb¨ wewfbœ

wRwbmcÎ mieivn, hš¿cvwZ •Zwimn wewfbœfv‡e cÖvq Pwj­k †ckvi gvbyl wiKkvi

Dci wbf©ikxj| wiKkv Ab¨Zg e„nr GKwU AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ| wiKkv

cwi‡ekevÜe Ges R¡vjvbxgy³ evnb| eZ©gv‡b wek¦ Rjevq~ cwieZ©b Gi cÖfv‡e

evsjv‡`k Ab¨Zg SzuwKc~Y© GKwU †`k| GB ªZ Rjevq~ cwiZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg

KviY gbyl¨m„ó wewfbœ cÖKvi `~lY| hvi g‡a¨ AwZwi³ hvwš¿K hvbevn‡bi

e¨envi| we‡k¦ cwienY LvZ †_‡K 25 kZvsk Kve©Y-WvB-A·vBW wbM©gY nq|

GQvov mviv we‡k¦B Pj‡Q R¡vjvbx m¼U| G mKj w`K †_‡K wiKkvi ¸iZ¡

Acwimxg|

ïaygvÎ cÖPwjZ aviYv ÒwiKkv axiMwZi evnb Ges hvbRU m„wó K‡iÓ Gi Dci

wfwË K‡i wewfbœ mg‡q XvKvÕi moK †_‡K wiKkv e‡Üi wm×vš weivU ¶wZi

KviY n‡q `vov‡e| wiKkvi Dci wbf©i K‡i mšvb‡`i Rb¨ my›`i fwel¨‡Zi

¯^cœ †`L‡Q| Zv‡`i cwieviI Pj‡Q Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i| wiKkv eÜ Kiv n‡j

cÖPzi gvby‡li hvZvqvZ mgm¨v m„wói cvkvcvwk wecyj msL¨K gvbyl msmvi wb‡q

wecv‡K co‡eb| BwZc~‡e© hvbR‡Ui †`vnvB w`‡q XvKvi wgicyi moKmn A‡bK

moK †_‡KB wiKkv PjvPj eÜ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw`I c~‡e© †_‡K †h mKj mo‡K

wiKkv †bB †mLv‡bB hvbRU mgm¨v †ewk wQj| ZviciI hvbR‡Ui cÖK…Z KviY

bv Luy‡R aviYvi Dci wiKkv eÜ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e c~bivq †Kvb mo‡K wiKkv

e‡Üi c~‡e© AZxZ AwfÁZv Kv‡R jvMv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| †`L‡Z n‡e c~‡e© †h mKj

mo‡K wiKkv eÜ Kivq hvZvqvZ, A_©bxwZ, mgvR Ges cwi‡e‡ki Dci wK

ai‡bi cÖfve †dj‡Q|

c„w_ex‡Z Rxevk¥ R¡vjvbx mxwgZ, GwU A‡kl bq| eZ©gv‡b mviv c„w_exRy‡o

R¡vjvbx m¼U Pj‡Q| evsjv‡`‡kI Gi cÖfv‡e bvRyK cwiw¯wZ weivR Ki‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k Avg`vbxK…Z †Z‡ji 55 kZvsk e¨envi Kiv nq cwienY Lv‡Z|

R¡vjvbx Avg`vbx‡Z cÖwZ eQi kZ kZ †KvwU UvKv fZ~©wK w`‡Z n‡Q| GB g~û‡Z©

R¡vjvwb †Z‡ji m¼U †`Lv †`Iqvq hvbevn‡b mK‡jB cÖvK…wZK M¨vm e¨env‡ii

w`‡K SuyK‡Qb| wKš‧ 2011 mvj †_‡K †`‡k M¨vm m¼U †`Lv †`‡e Ges 2015

mvj bvMv` Avwe¯‥…Z M¨v‡mi gRy` †kl n‡q hv‡e e‡j Avk¼v Kiv n‡Q| GLbB

we`~¨r Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq M¨vm mieivn Kiv hv‡Q bv| we`~¨r Drcv`b

80

evov‡Z M¨vm mieiv‡ni Rb¨ mvi KviLvbv eÜ ivL‡Z n‡Q| M¨v‡mi †hvMvb bv

_vKvq A‡bK wkí-KviLvbv mPj ivL‡Z e¨_© n‡Z n‡Q| Gme wKQy we‡ePbvq

miKvi R¡vjvbx e¨envi wbqš¿‡Yi †Póv Ki‡Q| BwZc~‡e© R¡vjvbx mvkª‡qi j‡¶¨

evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ©„K yw`‡bi QywU †Nvlbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| bMi‡Kw›`ªK cwienY

e¨e¯vq wiKkv †`‡ki R¡vjvbx mvkª‡q ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i P‡j‡Q| wKš‧

µgvš‡q XvKvi wewfbœ moK †_‡K wiKkv PjvPj wbwl× Kivq mo‡K cÖvB‡fU

Kvi e¨envi e„w× cv‡Q| d‡j cwienY Lv‡Z R¡vjvbxi e¨envi †e‡o P‡j‡Q|

†KD †KD e‡j _v‡Kb, XvKv e¨ZxZ c„w_exi †Kvb kn‡iB wiKkv P‡j bv|

cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb I R¡vjvbx mvkª‡qi Rb¨ we‡k¦i A‡bK kn‡iB wiKkv Pj‡Q|

wbDBq‡K© wiKkvÕi †cQ‡b †jLv _v‡K "The Streets are Green with Pedi cab"|

Av‡gwiKvi wewfbœ kn‡i wiKkvÕi cÖPjb‡K wec­e wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q

_v‡K| we‡k¦ RbwcÖq evnb wn‡m‡e wiKkvi Pvwn`v w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| mviv

we‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 50 j¶ wiKkv Av‡Q| wiKkv‡K kni‡f‡` wewfbœ bv‡g †hgb-

Pedicab, Biketaxi, Bikecab, National Velo, Orient Express, Taonga, TOP

HAT Pedal Cabs, Pedalline, WielerTaxi, Trimotion, Velotaxi wn‡m‡e

AL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| we‡k¦ 90 Gi AwaK kn‡i wiKkv Pj‡Q|

XvKv kn‡ii AwaKvsk hvZvqvZ ¯^í `~i‡Z¡i| Avi ¯í `~i‡Z¡ weiZxnxbfv‡e

hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ wiKkv n‡Q mvkªqx I RbwcÖq evnb| wiKkv R¡vjvbxgy³,

cwi‡ekevÜe I wbivc` evnb| Gi gva¨‡g cÖPzi gvby‡li Kg©ms¯v‡bi my‡hvM

i‡q‡Q| myZivs wiKkv PjvPj‡K wKfv‡e myô y e¨e¯vcbvi AvIZvq Avbv hvq †mB

ai‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wiKkv †`‡ki cwienY Lv‡Z cÖwZ eQi 5

nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi R¡vjvbx mvkªq Ki‡Q| wiKkv cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZ †_‡KI i¶v

Ki‡Q, hvi g~j¨ eQ‡i 10 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| GBPwWAviwm Gi mgx¶vq †`Lv

hvq evsjv‡`k wegvb, †ij, moK I †b․cwienY LvZ †_‡K eQ‡i hZ UvKv Avq,

wiKkv †_‡K GKKfv‡e Zvi †P‡q †ewk A_© Avq nq| Avi XvKvi wiKkv PvjKiv

cÖwZ gv‡m 2k †KvwU UvKv MÖv‡g cvVvb| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi Z_¨g‡Z

2004-05 A_©eQ‡i wiKkv †_‡K miKvi Avq K‡i‡Q 1 nvRvi 9k 80 †KvwU

UvKv| cÖvB‡fU Kvi wRc I U¨vw· †_‡K 64 †KvwU UvKv|

A_P XvKv kn‡ii cwienY e¨e¯vi Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ê cÖvB‡fU Kvi‡K m‡e©vP

cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv n‡Q| Aciw`‡K hvZvqvZ, mvgvwRK, cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v I

A_©‣bwZK ¶wZ nIqv ¯^‡Ë¡I G‡Ki ci GK XvKvi moK †_‡K wiKkv eÜ Kiv

n‡Q| A_P cwi‡ek, R¡vjvbx, A_©bxwZ I Kg©ms¯v‡bi welqwU we‡ePbvq wb‡q

PjvP‡ji my‡hvM Ae¨vnZ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| XvKv kn‡i eo eo moK¸wj‡Z Mvwo

cvwK©s eÜ K‡i wiKkvi †jb Kiv n‡j j¶ j¶ gvbyl DcK…Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b

eo mo‡K wiKkvi †jb cÖ`vb, wiKkvi KvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Ges wiKkv PvjK‡`i

81

cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| XvKvi A‡bK Mwj i‡q‡Q †h¸wj ïaygvÎ

wiKkv PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx K‡iB •Zwi Kiv n‡qwQj| †mme Mwj mo‡K cÖvB‡fU

Kvi PjvPj wbwl× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

BwZc~‡e© wiKkv eÜ K‡i †h ¶wZ n‡q‡Q Zvi †hb cybive„wË bv nq| GB e„nr

Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡b mwVK c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| hv cÖPzi gvby‡li Kg©ms v‡bi

my‡hvM m„wó, cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb, R¡vjvbx mvkªq cvkvcvwk cwienY e¨e¯vi Dbœq‡b

¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| wiKkv m¤ú‡K© cÖPwjZ aviYvmg~n I cÖK…Z Ae¯v

wbgœiƒc:

XvKvi hvZvqvZ e¨e ’vq wiKkv wK mwZ¨B axiMwZm¤úbœ evnb?

†Kvb cwien‡Yi MwZ †Kgb †mwU wbf©i K‡i hvZvqv‡Zi ~i‡Z¡i Dci| Puv‡`

hvIqvi Rb¨ †c­b axiMwZi wKš‧ i‡KU `ªZMwZi| GK †`k †_‡K A‡iK †`k

ev‡mi PvB‡Z wegvb `ªZZi| kn‡ii g‡a¨ AwaK `~i‡Z¡ nuvUvi †P‡q evm

`ªZZi| wKš‧ kn‡ii g‡a¨ ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ ev‡mi †P‡q †nu‡U I wiKkvq Av‡M hvIqv

m¤¢e| KviY ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ hvIqvi Rb¨ evm÷¨v‡Ê hvIqv, A‡c¶v Kiv Ges evm

†_‡K †b‡g Mš‡e¨ †h‡Z †h mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb †nu‡U ev wiKkvq Zvi Av‡MB

†cu․Qv‡bv m¤¢e| XvKvi KvVv‡gv g~jZt wgkª cÖK…wZi| GLv‡b Lye Kg `~i‡Z¡B

AwaKvsk bvMwiK myweav i‡q‡Q| d‡j XvKvi †gvU hvZvqv‡Zi †ewkifvM n‡q

_v‡K ¯^í `~i‡Z¡| XvKvi 76% hvZvqvZ ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ (GBPwWAviwm 2004)|

Av‡iKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, XvKvi †ewkifvM hvZvqvZ †`o †_‡K `yB wKwg Gi

g‡a¨ Ges nuvUv I R¡vjvbxgy³ hvb wg‡j 84% hvZvqvZ nq (DUTP 1998)|

myZivs ejv hvq, XvKv kn‡i hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ wiKkv KLbB axiMwZ m¤úbœ evnb

bq, eis me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix|

XvKv kn‡i wiKkv eÜ K‡i A_©‣bwZK I hvZvqvZ e¨e ’vq myweav

n‡q‡Q wK?

G wel‡q wgicyi mo‡Ki D`vniY †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b wiKkv wbwl× Kivi

ciI wÎk fvM hvZvqvZ wiKkv K‡iB n‡q _v‡K| gyj iv¯vq wiKkv wbwl×

nIqvq wiKkv GLb P‡j cvk¦©eZ©x wewfbœ †QvU iv¯vq| Gi d‡j, hviv wiKkvq

PjvPj K‡i Zv‡`i hvZvqvZ mgq, `~iZ¡ Ges LiP A‡bK †e‡o wM‡q‡Q| c~‡e©i

Aewkó wiKkv hvÎx GLb hvZvqvZ Ki‡Q Ab¨me gva¨‡g| hvi g‡a¨ Pvi fv‡Mi

GK fvM gvbyl nuvU‡Z eva¨ n‡Q, hw`I nuvUvi Dc‡hvMx †Kvb cwi‡ek •Zwi Kiv

nqwb| 42% gvby‡l wm.Gb.wR/K¨ve/Kvi e¨envi Ki‡Q, hv‡`i hvZvqvZ LiP I

evnb cvIqvi mgq †e‡o wM‡q‡Q| evwK 34% gvbyl hv‡Q ev‡m| hviv ev‡m

hv‡Q Zv‡`i‡K evm cvIqvi Rb¨ †ewk mgq a‡i A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡Q Ges

82

Zv‡`i †gvU hvZvqv‡Zi (evm÷¨v‡Ê hvIqv-evm÷¨vÊ †_‡K †kl Mš‡e¨ hvIqv)

mgq †e‡o wM‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j †`Lv hvq, GLv‡b M‡o cÖwZ wUªc G hvÎx‡`i 50

fvM mgq †ewk jvM‡Q| GBPwWAviwm Gi M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡b †`Lv hvq,

MveZwj †_‡K iv‡mj ¯‥qvi ch©š wiKkv D‡Q` Kivq 10 fvM hvZvqvZ LiP

†e‡o‡Q| GLv‡b Ahvwš¿K hvb wbwl× Kivq me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯ n‡q‡Q wiKkv-

f¨vb Pvj‡Kiv| wgicyi †iv‡Wi †¶‡Î, wiKkv PvjK‡`i Avq K‡g‡Q 32 fvM,

f¨vb PvjK‡`i 41 fvM| Avi Gi †cÖw¶‡Z Zv‡`i Rxebhvc‡bi gvb K‡g‡Q

(Lv`¨, cywó, wk¶v e¨q ‡gUv‡bv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o‡Q)| wkï, cÖwZeÜx, e„×, Amy¯

Ges gwnjv‡`i hvZvqv‡Z †fvMvwš †e‡o‡Q| Avi Gfv‡eB •Zwi n‡Q •el‡g¨i,

hv KLbB Kvg¨ bq| wiKkv D‡Q` Kivi d‡j wiKkv hvÎx I Pvj‡Kiv ¶wZMÖ¯

n‡Q Ges jvfevb n‡Q ïaygvÎ e¨w³MZ evn‡bi (Kvi, wRc cÖf„wZ) gvwj‡Kiv,

hv‡`i msL¨v AwZ bMb¨|

m‡e©vcwi wgicyi mo‡K wiKkv eÜ Kivq bvix, wkï, e„× I cÖwZew܇`i hvZvqvZ

mgm¨v m„wó n‡q‡Q| †e‡o‡Q hvZvqv‡Zi mgq I LiP| XvKv kn‡ii hvbRU

GKwU gvivZ¥K mgm¨v| G mgm¨vi mgvavb Avgiv PvB| wKš‧ hvbR‡Ui cÖK…Z

KviY Luy‡R †ei K‡i †m Abyhvqx mwVK c`‡¶c †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| XvKv kn‡ii

cÖvB‡fU Kv‡ii e„w×B hvbR‡Ui Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| cÖvB‡fU Kvi wiKkvi †P‡q

†ewk RvqMv †bq wKš‧ cwienY K‡i LyeB Kg| GKwU wiKkvq w`‡b cÖvq 100

hvÎx PjvPj K‡i A_P GKwU cÖvB‡fU Kvi eo‡Rvi 4 Rb hvÎx cwienY K‡i

_v‡K| cÖvB‡fU Kv‡ii e„wׇZ hvbRUmn `~lY, `~N©Ubv, R¡vjvbx wbf©iZv †e‡o

P‡j‡Q|

wiKkv wK cvewjK ev‡mi Rb¨ cÖwZeÜK ¯iƒc?

wiKkvi wel‡q Av‡iKwU Awf‡hvM †h GwU iv¯vq ev‡mi Rb¨ cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e

KvR K‡i| wKš‧ wWBDwUwc cÖKí cieZ©x M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, Gqvi‡cvU© †ivW

(Av‡M †_‡K wiKkv PjvPj wQj bv)-G 2000 mb †_‡K 2005-G ev‡mi Mo

MwZ K‡g‡Q N›Uvq `kwgK 1 wKwg| A_P GKB mg‡q wiKkv D‡Q` Kivi ci

wgicyi †iv‡W ev‡mi Mo MwZ K‡g‡Q N›Uvq 3 `kwgK 8 wKwg| myZivs †`Lv

hv‡Q wiKkv KLbB ev‡mi Rb¨ cÖwZeÜK bq| wiKkv evm‡K AwZµg Kivi

my‡hvM w`Z wKš‧ cÖvB‡fU Kvi evm‡K KL‡bvB †m my‡hvM †`q bv| ei wiKkv

wbwl× Kivq Ges cÖvB‡fU Kvi †e‡o hvIqvq ev‡mi MwZ K‡g hv‡Q|

wiKkv wK cÖ‡qvR‡bi †ewk RvqMv wb‡‛Q? hvbR‡Ui Rb¨ wK ïaygvÎ

wiKkvB `vqx?

83

wiKkvi wel‡q Av‡iKwU Awf‡hvM †h GwU cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk RvqMv wb‡q

hvbR‡Ui m„wó Ki‡Q| wKš‧ mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©, Kvi ev Ab¨vb¨ †QvU hvbevn‡bi

Zzjbvq GwU KLbB †ewk RvqMv †bq bv| M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, GKwU cÖvB‡fU

Kvi wiKkvi †P‡q AvovB ¸Y †ewk RvqMv †bq| 1998 mv‡ji wWBDwUwcÕi

M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, XvKv kn‡ii mo‡K wiKkv cÖvq 38 fvM RvqMv wb‡q hvÎx

cwienY Ki‡Q cÖvq 54 fvM, A_P cÖvB‡fU Kvi cÖvq 34 fvM RvqMv wb‡q hvÎx

cwienY Ki‡Q gvÎ 9 fvM| Avi Gi mv‡_ hw` Kvi cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ AwZwi³

RvqMv¸‡jv †hvM Kiv nq, Z‡e Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯vb AviI K‡qK¸b †e‡o hv‡e|

GQvov GKwU cÖvB‡fU Kvi w`‡b 2/3 Rb gvbyl cwienY K‡i| c¶vš‡i GKwU

wiKkv w`‡b 50/60 Rb gvbyl cwienY K‡i _v‡K| cÖvB‡fU Kv‡ii Zzjbvq

wiKkv A‡bK Kg RvqMv wb‡q _v‡K| GQvov wiKkv eÜ Kivq cÖvB‡fU Kv‡ii

e„w× hvbRU †e‡o hvq|

wiKkv wbwl× Kivq iv¯ —vi aviY¶gZv †e‡o‡Q wK?

†KD †KD g‡b K‡ib wiKkv eÜ n‡j iv¯vi aviY ¶gZv †e‡o hv‡e Ges AwaK

hvÎx hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‧ KvRx bRij Bmjvg GwfwbD Ges wgicyi

†iv‡Wi Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ Zv cÖgvY K‡i bv| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, 2000 mb †_‡K

2005 m‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb evnb wbwl× bv K‡iI KvRx bRij Bmjvg GwfwbD‡Z

hvÎx †e‡o‡Q 27%; A_P GKB mg‡q wiKkv wbwl× Kiv m‡Ë¡I wgicyi †iv‡W

hvÎx †e‡o‡Q gvÎ 15% (DUTP, 2006)| Avevi, GB mg‡q KvRx bRij

Bmjvg GwfwbD‡Z cÖvB‡fU Kvi K‡g‡Q 6.20% Ges wgicyi †iv‡W cÖvB‡fU Kvi

†e‡o‡Q 5.73% (DUTP, 2006)| myZivs, †`Lv hv‡Q cÖvB‡fU KviB myôy

hvZvqvZ e¨e¯vi c‡_ cÖavb cÖwZeÜK, wiKkv bq| Avi Dfq †¶‡ÎB hvÎx

†e‡o‡Q g~jZt ev‡mi msL¨v e„w× cvIqvq, hv wiKkv _vKv Ae¯vqI n‡Z cviZ|

D‡‛Q`K…Z wiKkvi ’vb †K `Lj K‡i?

GKwU iv vq hLbB †Kvb evnb PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvq ZLb ¯vfvweKfv‡eB Zvi

ïY¨¯vb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ evnb †e‡o hvq| wiKkv wbwl× Kivi d‡j m„ó

ïY¨¯vb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cvewjK ev‡mi cvkvcvwk AvMgb N‡U wecyj cwigvY †QvU

hvbevn‡bi (cÖvB‡fU Kvi, U¨vw· BZ¨vw`)| †`Lv hvq, GLv‡b eZ©gv‡b 60 fvM

iv v Ry‡oB Av‡Q cÖvB‡fU Kvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ †QvU hvb, †h ¯v‡b 2000 m‡b

wiKkvB wQj g~j evnb| GLb GB †QvU hvwš¿K hvb¸‡jv †e‡o hvIqvq (hv

wiKkvi Zzjbvq iv¯ vq A‡bK †ewk RvqMv †bq) wgicyi mo‡K Avevi hvbRU

m„wó n‡Q Ges Dciš‧ †e‡o wM‡q‡Q `~lY|

R¡vjvbx m¼U I wiKkv:

84

eZ©gv‡b mviv we‡k¦ R¡vjvbx m¼U †gvKvwejvi Dcvq †LuvRv n‡Q| †`‡k †`‡k

R¡vjvbx Pvwn`v e„w×i d‡j †`Lv w`‡q‡Q m¼U| we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z, we‡k¦ R¡xevk¥

R¡vjvbxi gRy` wbKU fwel¨‡Z †kl n‡q hv‡e| †m‡¶‡Î R¡vjvbx wbivcËvi Rb¨

bZzb ai‡bi R¡vjvbx Drm †ei Kivi cvkvcvwk Gi Pvwn`v wbqš¿Y Kiv Riix|

we‡k¦ cwienY Lv‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y R¡vjvbx e¨envi n‡Q| mwVK cwiKíbvi

gva¨‡g cwienY Lv‡Z R¡vjvbx e¨envi Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e| XvKv kn‡i cÖPzi gvbyl

†nu‡U I wiKkvq PjvPj Kivq GLv‡b cwienY Lv‡Z R¡vjvbx wbf©iZv Zzjbvg~jK

A‡bK Kg| wKš‧ XvKvi wewfbœ moK †_‡K wiKkv wbwl× Kivq cwienY Lv‡Z

R¡vjvbxi e¨envi e„w× cv‡Q| G wel‡q GLbB mZK© nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|

•ewk¦K Dòvqb I wiKkv :

AwZwi³ Kve©Y wbM©g‡Yi cÖfv‡e `ªZ Rjevq~ cwieZ©b n‡Q| hvi cÖfv‡e wek¦

cwi‡ek wech©‡qi m¤§~Lxb| Gi †cQ‡bI cwien‡Yi cÖfve D‡j­L‡hvM¨| g~jZ

hvwš¿K hvb we‡kl K‡i cÖvB‡fU Kvi e¨envi e„w×i d‡j MÖxY nvDm M¨vm

wbM©g‡Yi gvÎv evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q eû¸‡Y| welqwU Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡i c„w_exi

A‡bK †`‡kB cwien‡Yi e¨e¯vq cÖvB‡fU Kvi wbqš¿Y K‡i R¡vjvbxgy³ cwienY

I cvewjK cwien‡Yi my‡hvM-myweav e„wׇZ KvR Ki‡Qb| BwZg‡a¨ A‡b‡KB

mdjfv‡e KvRwU K‡i‡Qb| we‡k¦ cwienY †_‡K 25% Kve©Y-WvB-A·vBW

wbM©gY n‡q _v‡K| Av‡gwiKvmn Mvwo wbf©i †`k mg~n‡K e¨w³MZ Mvox e¨envi

Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ Pvc cÖ‡qv‡M wek¦ RbgZ M‡o †Zvjv cÖ‡qv‡Rb| cvkvcvwk

wb‡R‡`i †`‡k cÖvB‡fU Kvi wbqš¿‡Y mwVK bxwZgvjv _vKv Riwi| cÖvB‡fU

Kv‡ii Dci wbf©ikxjZv Kgv‡bvi †¶‡Î ¯í `~i‡Z¡ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ wiKkvi

¸iZ¡ Acwimxg|

wiKkv eÜ K‡i cÖvB‡fU Mvwo cvwK©s wK hyw³m½Z?

wbDgv‡K©‡Ui †¶‡Î GB D`vniYwU AZ¨š jvMmB| wiKkv eÜ K‡i w`‡q GLv‡b

cÖvqB mo‡Ki `yB †_‡K wZb †jb a‡i c&ªvB‡fU Kvi cvwK©s Kiv nq| †h iv¯v

w`‡q cÖwZw`b wiKkv K‡i j¶ j¶ gvbyl hvZvqvZ KiZ Zv GLb eÜ K‡i w`‡q

50 †_‡K 100 wU cÖvB‡fU Kvi cvwK©s Gi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡Q| Avi Gi Rb¨

Mvwo cÖwZ gvÎ 5 †_‡K 10 UvKv w`‡jB h‡_ó A_ev A_© QvovB cvwK©s myweav

cv‡Q| kn‡ii †K› ª¯‡j wekvj fZ©ywK cÖvß GB cvwK©s e¨e¯v ïaygvÎ DPweËivB

†fvM Ki‡Q| Avi wiKkvi Rb¨ bvgvKvIqv‡¯ †jb †`qv n‡q‡Q| hv PjvPjK„Z

wiKkvi Rb¨ h‡_ó RvqMv bq| GQvov †jbwU wbDgv‡K©‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q Nywi‡q

†`Iqvq mgq I A_© `yB‡qiB AcPq n‡Q| wiKkv PvjK‡`i †KvwU UvKvi ¶wZ

Ges bvix, wkï, e„×, Amy ‡`i `~‡f©vM m„wó K‡i gvÎ K‡qK nvRvi UvKv cvwK©s

PvR© Av`vq cwienY e¨e¯vq •elg¨ •Zwi Ki‡Q|

85

XvKvi wewfbœ mo‡K †hfv‡e µgvš‡q wiKkv PjvPj wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q:

2005 mv‡j mvK© kxl© m‡¤§jb Dcj‡¶¨ Gwjd¨v›U †ivW-kvnevM-grm¨

feb ch©š wiKkv eÜ Kiv n‡jI GLb ¯vqxfv‡e wiKkv PjvPj eÜ K‡i

†`Iqv n‡q‡Q| d‡j GB c‡_ PjvPjKvix mvaviY gvby‡li `~‡f©vM Pi‡g

†cu․‡Q‡Q| †m¸bevwMPv †_‡K GB c‡_ kvnevM., wkïcvK©, RvZxq hv`yNi,

cvewjK jvB‡eªwi, evi‡Wg I wcwR nvmcvZvj I KuvUveb Avmv hvIqvi

†¶‡Î gvby‡li AeY©bxq `~‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z n‡Q| we‡kl K‡i wkï, bvix,

e„× I Amy¯‡`i| GKw`‡K wiKkv K‡i Gme GjvKvq PjvPj Kivi Rb¨

A‡bK Ny‡i hvIqvq mgq I UvKv †ewk jvM‡Q| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ evnb

†c‡ZI A‡bK mgq a‡i A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡Q| Avi wmGbwR U¨vw· K¨ve

†h‡Z Pvq bv, †M‡jI A‡bK †ewk fvov ¸b‡Z n‡Q| (B‡ËdvK, 26

wW‡m¤i 2005)

2002 mv‡j MveZjx †_‡K iv‡mj †¯‥vqvi ch©š wiKkvmn mKj cÖKvi

Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb PjvPj wbwl× Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z Ab¨vb¨ iv¯v †_‡K

µgvš‡q wiKkv I Ab¨vb¨ Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb D‡Q‡`i cÖ ve Kiv nq|

wKš‧ kZ© †`qv nq GB D‡`¨vM MveZjx †_‡K iv‡mj ¯‥qvi ch©š hvZvqvZ

e¨e¯vq wK ai‡bi cÖfve †d‡j Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i cieZ©x‡Z Ab¨vb¨

iv v n‡Z wiKkv Ges Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb D‡Q` Kiv n‡e wK bv †m wel‡q

wm×vš †bqv n‡e| 2002 mv‡j MveZjx †_‡K iv‡mj †¯‥vqvi ch©š

wiKkvmn mKj cÖKvi Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb PjvPj wbwl× cieZ©x mg‡q

GBPwWAviwm Gi M‡elYvi wfwˇZ GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i|

cÖwZ‡e`bwU‡Z cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ we‡k­lY Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e, wiKkv eÜ Kivq

GB †iv‡W hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡Î †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o‡Q| GiciI 17

wW‡m¤i 2004 mv‡j iv‡mj ¯‥qvi †_‡K AvwRgcyi ch©š wiKkvmn mKj

cÖKvi Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb PjvPj wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv nq (XvKvi hvZvqvZ

e¨e vi Dbœq‡b c`‡¶c: wgicyi †iv‡Wi ev¯eZv, Wvwe­Dwewe Uªv÷ 2005)|

C‡`i QywU‡Z †Kv‡bv iKg c~e© †Nvlbv QvovB AZ¨š †Mvc‡b ivRavbxi

KuvVvjevMvb †_‡K B¯‥vUb Kg©Rxex †nv‡÷j ch©š GjvKvq wiKkv PjvPj

eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q XvKv †g‡UªvcwjUb cywjk| bMixi e¨¯Zg GB mo‡K

AvKw¯§Kfv‡e wiKkv PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvIqvq wbD B¯‥vUb, gMevRvi,

gvwjevM, ivgcyiv, evmv‡evmn kn‡ii G cÖv‡ši evwm›`v‡`i nvwZicyj,

f~‡ZiMwj, avbgwÛ hvIqv-Avmvi †¶‡Î RbmvaviY Pig ~‡f©v‡Mi wkKvi

nb| C‡`i QywU †k‡l XvKvq wd‡i wiKkvPvj‡`i cvkvcvwk bMievmx

cywj‡ki AZ¨š †Mvc‡b †bIqv G wm×v‡š nZevK n‡q‡Qb| QywU KvwU‡q

86

hviv XvKvq wd‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ B¯‥vUb, KuvVvjevMvb, cixevM,

nvwZicy‡ji evwm‡›`iv gvjvgvj wb‡q Pig †fvMvwši wkKvi nb|

wiKkvwenxb GB GjvKv¸‡jv‡Z evm †_‡K †b‡g Mš‡e¨ hvIqvi Rb¨

†Kv‡bv hvbevnb †g‡jwb| G Ae¯vq †nu‡U hvIqvi †¶‡Î wkï I eq¯‥iv

nvwd‡q I‡Vb| AvKw¯§K GB weo¤^bvq mevB ¶zä n‡q I‡Vb| Ab¨w`‡K

Gme GjvKvq e¨emvqxiv Zv‡`i gvjvgvj GK ¯vb †_‡K Ab¨¯v‡b

miv‡bvi Ab¨Zg gva¨g wiKkv I f¨vb DwV‡q †`Iqvq DwØMœ n‡q I‡Vb|

(†fv‡ii KvMR, 25 Rvbyqvwi 2005, cÖ_g Av‡jv, 30 Rvbyqvwi 2005)

2007 Gi A‡±vei G C‡`i QywU‡Z mvZ iv¯vi †gvo GjvKvq wiKkv

PjvPj wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgvi Avkv G ai‡bi NUbvi c~bive„wË Avi

n‡e bv|

wiKkv e‡Üi Bm¨~‡Z wek¦e¨vsK Gi gZvgZ :

wek¦e¨vs‡Ki mycvwi‡k wgicyi mo‡Ki 7 wKwg GjvKvq wiKkv e‡Üi †cÖw¶‡Z

M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, bq nvRvi gvby‡li iwUiwRi Dci AvNvZ G‡m‡Q| gvby‡li

cwienY e¨q 30 kZvsk e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Av‡M hviv GB mo‡K hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨

wiKkv e¨envi Ki‡Zb Zviv eva¨ n‡q wmGbwR ev Ab¨ evnb e¨envi Ki‡Qb|

wek¦e¨vsK †Kvb moK‡K bZzb K‡i wiKkvgy³ Kivi Av‡M mswk­ó mKj

c‡¶i m‡½ ch©vß Av‡jvPbv, nvmcvZvj, gv‡K©U, ¯‥zj BZ¨vw`‡Z

hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡Î weKí †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯v M‡o †Zvjv, wiKkvPvjK‡`i

c~be©vmb, ch©vß evm mvwf©m Pvjy Kiv Ges Gme mo‡K cvwK©s K‡Vvifv‡e

wbwl× Kivi mycvwik K‡i‡Q| (RbKÉ I hyMvši, 11 †deªqvwi 2005)

miKvi wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki mnvqZvq XvKv gnvbMixi wiKkvPvjK‡`i Rb¨ cÖvq

27 †KvwU UvKv e¨q mv‡c‡¶ e¨vcKwfwËK c~be©vmb Kg©m~wP Pvjyi wm×vš

MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wiKkv Pvjv‡bvi cwie‡Z© BQyK wiKkvPvjK‡`i weKí

†ckv MÖnY, Dchy³ cÖwk¶Y I Avq ea©bmn Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`bkxj

AvZ¥Kg©ms¯vbg~jK Kg©m~wP XvKv Avievb Uªv݇cvU© cÖK‡íi AvIZvq

ev evqb Kiv n‡e| (cÖ_g Av‡jv, 3 †deªqvwi 2005)

cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ GB msev` †_‡K wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki wØg~Lx bxwZ cwijw¶Z nq|

GKw`‡K Zviv M‡elYv K‡i †`wL‡q‡Q wiKkv eÜ Kivq cwienY e¨e¯vq mgm¨v

m„wó n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K c~bivq wiKkv e‡Üi Rb¨ wiKkvPvjK‡`i c~be©vm‡bi

bv‡g bZzb cÖKí Pvjy Ki‡Z hv‡Q| cÖkœ n‡jv, wek¦ e¨vsK wK wiKkv eÜ Kivi

ivRbxwZ‡Z †b‡g‡Q Mvwoi evRvi •Zwi Ki‡Z? weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z †KvwU †KvwU

UvKv LiP K‡i wewfbœ Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡j GLv‡bv XvKvi hvZvqvZ e¨e¯vi

87

mvaviY gvby‡li we‡kl ai‡bi †Kvb myweav nqwb| eis gvby‡li y‡f©vM I

hvZvqvZ LiP eûjvs‡k e„w× †c‡q‡Q| AvksKvRbKfv‡e e„w× cv‡Q cÖvB‡fU

Mvox ev R¡vjvwb wbf©i cwien‡bi wbf©iZv| cÖvB‡fU Kvi Lye Aí gvbyl‡K

cwienY Ki‡jI cvwK©s I PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g hvbRU evov‡Q| A_P cÖvB‡fU Kvi

wbqš¿Y bv K‡i evievi wiKkv D‡Q‡`i gva¨‡g cwienY e¨q †e‡o‡Q| GQvov

bvix, wkï, e„× I Amy¯‡`i hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡Î Pig `~‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z n‡Q| wKš‧

wiKkv e‡Üi d‡j GB ¶wZ ¯^xKvi Kivi ciI wek¦ e¨vsK Gi `vq wb‡Z ivRx

bq| ZvB `ªZZvi mv‡_ R¡vjvbx mvkªq I cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b D‡Q`K…Z mo‡K

wiKkv PjvP‡j c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

wiKkv eÜ Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi Dci weiƒc cÖfve :

mwVK cwiKíbv bv _vK‡j cwi‡ek, A_©bxwZ I mgv‡Ri Dci weiƒc cÖfve c‡o

Zvi cÖK…Z D`vniY n‡Q wiKvkv D‡P‡`i NUbv| wi·v D‡Q` Kivq ïaygvÎ

RbM‡Yi PjvP‡ji Amyweav n‡Q Zv bq| Gi cªfve co‡Q Av‡iv wewfbœ †kªYxi

gvby‡li Dci| weMZ K‡qK eQi a‡i XvKv kn‡ii hvbRU wbim‡bi j‡¶¨

wewfbœ iv v †_‡K wiKkv I Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb eÜ Kivi cÖwµqv Pj‡Q| 2002

mv‡ji wW‡m¤i gv‡m MveZjx †_‡K iv‡mj ¯‥qvi ch©š moKwU‡Z wiKkvmn

mKj cÖKi Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb PjvPj eÜ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖwµqvi Ask wn‡m‡e

17 wW‡m¤^i 2004 iv‡mj ¯‥qvi †_‡K AvwRgcyi ch©š iv¯ vq Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb

Pjvj wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| wWBDwUwc cÖK‡íi Aax‡b MveZjx †_‡K iv‡mj

†¯‥vqvi ch©š Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb D‡Q` Kivi †cÖw¶‡Z GB mo‡K wK ai‡bi

cÖfve c‡o‡Q †mwU Rvbvi Rb¨ wnDg¨vb †W‡fjc‡g›U wimvP© †m›Uvi

(GBPAviwm) GKwU AbymÜvbg~jK M‡elYv I cÖwZ‡e`b •Zwi K‡i| G M‡elYvq

†`Lv hvq, wiKkv e‡Üi †cÖw¶‡Z ïay wiKkv PvjK ev hvÎx‡`i mgm¨v n‡Q Zv

bq| cvkvcvwk iv¯ vi cv‡ki †`vKvb¸‡jv we‡kl K‡i nKvi †ckvq wb‡qvwRZiv

fxlYfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯ n‡q‡Q|

iv vi cv‡ki nKvi‡`i GKwU eo As‡ki †µZv n‡Q hviv wiKkvq PjvPj K‡i|

wiKkvq PjvP‡ji mgq hvÎxiv A‡bK mgq nKvi‡`i †_‡K †Kbv KvUv K‡i|

bvmixb L›`Kvi I Rb_b †ivR cwiPvwjZ GK M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, wiKkv e‡Üi

†cÖw¶‡Z nKvi‡`i g‡a¨ hviv iv¯vq Kvco wewµ K‡i Zviv gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯

n‡q‡Q| nKvi †ckvq hy³ gvgyb bv‡gi GKRb Abyf~wZ e¨³ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb,

wiKkv e‡Üi c~‡e© GB iv¯vq AšZ 25 Rb nKvi wQj| wKš‧ eZ©gv‡b wewµ K‡&g

hvIqvq Ab‡KB GB †ckv †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q| Avgv‡`i g~j †µZv n‡Q wiKkv

Iqvjv Ges wiKkvq hviv PjvPj K‡i| d‡j wiKkv D‡Q‡`i †cªw¶‡Z Avgv‡`i

e¨emv eÜ nevi Dcµg| ZvQvov cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z GLb Av‡Mi Zzjbvq

88

Avgv‡`i A‡bK †ewk mgq KvR Ki‡Z n‡Q| dwi` bvgK GK nKvi Rvbv‡jb,

Avwg eZ©gv‡b mvZ wcQ gyiwM wewµ Ki‡Z cvwi Av‡M †hLv‡b 50 wcQ wewµ

Ki‡Z cviZvg|8

wiKkv D‡Q‡`i d‡j eo ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o‡Q D³ mo‡Ki

cv‡k wiKkv †givgZKvix †ckvRxex‡`i Dci| †ewkifvM wiKkv †gKvwbK †ckv

e`j Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q, †KD †KD bZzb †ckv MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Avevi A‡b‡K bZzb

†Kvb Ae¯vb Luy‡S wb‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q|

ivóªxq bxwZ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î RbM‡Yi my‡hvM-myweav we‡ePbvq wb‡q †`kxq cÖhyw³ I

m¤ú` e¨envi K‡i cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

GLb †h mKj mo‡K wiKkv eÜ Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b c„_K †jb •Zwi K‡i

kn‡ii cÖwZwU GjvKvq wiKkv PjvP‡ji †bUIqvK© •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z †hgb

R¡vjvbx mvkªq n‡e Gi mv‡_ cwi‡ek `~lYI wbqš¿Y Kiv hv‡e| miKv‡ii wbKU

AvnŸvb RvbvB wbZ¨w`bKvi cÖ‡qvRbxq evnb wiKkv †hb †Kvb mo‡K eÜ bv Kiv

nq| Avkv Kwi miKvi R¡vjvbx mvkªq I cwi‡ek Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ MYgvby‡li evnb

wiKkv PjvP‡ji myôz e¨e¯vcbv M‡o †Zvjvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx n‡eb| cvkvcvwk

†nu‡U, mvB‡K‡j I cvewjK cwien‡b PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek m„wó Ges

cÖvB‡fU Mvwoi e¨envi wbqš¿‡Y m‡Pó n‡eb|

cwi‡ek I R¡vjvbx we‡ePbvq wiKkv PjvP‡j myôy e¨e ’vcbv M‡o Zzj‡Z

KiYxq

wgkª GjvKv (evmv, evRvi, nvmcvZvj, wk¶v cÖwZôvb, Awdm I

we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ KvQvKvwQ e¨e¯v Kiv) M‡o †Zvjvi e¨e¯v Kiv|

†h mKj mo‡K wiKkv eÜ i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b c„_K †jb w`‡q cy‡iv XvKv

kn‡i wiKkv PjvP‡ji †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjvi e¨e¯v Kiv|

Pvwn`vbyhvqx wiKkvi jvB‡mÝ cÖ`vb Kiv|

hvÎx I Pvj‡Ki myweav‡_© wiKkvi KvVv‡gvMZ Dbœqb Kiv|

wiKkvPvjK‡`i cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯v Kiv|

wiKkvi cvkvcvwk †nu‡U, mvB‡K‡j I cvewjK cwien‡Y PjvP‡ji

Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek M‡o †Zvjvi e¨e¯v Kiv|

cÖvB‡fU Mvwoi e¨envi wbqš¿Y Kiv|

- Avwgbyj Bmjvg myRb: wmwbqi cÖ‡R± Awdmvi

- gvi‚d ingvb: cÖ‡R± Awdmvi, Wvwe­Dwewe Uªv÷

8 Nasrin Khandoker and Jonathan Rouse, Urban development and livelihoods of

the poor in Dhaka

89

References

- Bari, M. and Efroymson, D. (2005) “Improving Dhaka’s Traffic Situation: Lessons from

Mirpur Road” WBB Trust, February 2005

- Bari, M. and Efroymson, D. (2006) “Dhaka Urban Transport Project’s After Poject Report: A Critical Review”, WBB Trust, April 2006

- Bari, M. and Efroymson, D. (2007) “Dhaka Strategic Transport Plan (STP): A Critical

Review”, WBB Trust, May 2007

- DfT (2006) “Variable Demand Modelling - Advice Overview TAG Unit 2.9.1”,

Department for Transport (DfT), UK, June 2006.

- DUTP (1997), Phase II, Draft Final Report, a report submitted to the Government of

Bangladesh, Dhaka Urban Transport Project (DUTP), Dhaka.

- DUTP (2006), “Impact Assessment of DUTP: After Project”, Final Report submitted to Dhaka Transport Coordination Board, by DHV Consultants BV, the Netherlands, Japan

Overseas Co., Ltd., Japan, Finnroad Oy, Finland, Operation Research Group, India,

SARM Associates Ltd., Bangladesh, Desh Upodesh Ltd., Bangladesh, DevConsultants Ltd., Bangladesh in Dhaka Urban Transport Project (DUTP), Dhaka, February 2006.

- Fjellstrom, K. (2004) “Public Transport and Mass Rapid Transit in Dhaka”, Working

paper no 6, Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka, a report submitted to DTCB.

- HDRC (2004), “After Study on the Impact of Mirpur Demonstration Corridor Project

(Gabtoli-Russell Square)” Report prepared for Dhaka Transportation Coordination

Board (DTCB), Human Development Research Centre, August 2004, Dhaka.

- World Bank (2007) “Project Performance Assessment Report-Bangladesh-Dhaka Urban

Transport Project (Credit 3163 – BD)”, Report no: 39329, April 4, 2007

90

nKvi‡`i A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK Ae`vb Ges

†ckvMZ wbivcËv

gvid ingvb

†`‡k AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ msL¨K gvbyl nKvi †ckvq

wb‡qvwRZ| kniv‡j we‡kl K‡i XvKv kn‡i cÖPzi gvbyl nKvi †ckvi gva¨‡g

msmvi cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q| mvaviYZ `wi`ª †kªYxi gvbyl ¯^í cuywR‡Z wbR D‡`¨v‡M

GB †ckv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| kn‡ii e„n`vs‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨ Kg g~‡j¨ c‡Y¨i

†hvMvb w`‡q _v‡K nKviiv| ïa~gvÎ A_©‣bwZK bq, mvgvwRKfv‡eI nKvi‡`i

f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| Zv‡`i my‡hvM-myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY

Ges wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨emvi Rb¨ myôz e¨e¯vcbv M‡o †Zvjv cÖ‡qvRb|

XvKv kn‡i mvaviYZ dzUcvZ I mo‡Ki cv‡k ¯vqx Ges A¯vqxfv‡e nKviiv

e¨emv K‡i _v‡K| GQvov f¨vb, mvB‡Kj I cv‡q †nu‡U åvg¨gvb nKviiv cY¨

wewµ K‡ib| BwZc~‡e© XvKvi dzUcvZ †_‡K nKvi Zz‡j †`Iqv n‡qwQj| Z‡e

GB †ckvi ¸iZ¡ Abyaveb mv‡c‡¶ Zv‡`i‡K cybivq dzUcv‡Z e¨emv Kivi

AbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GgbwK XvKvi wekwU ¯v‡b nKvi‡`i ¯vqxfv‡e emvi

Rb¨ RvqMv eivÏ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| †KD †KD g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb nKviiv PjvP‡j

cÖwZeÜKZv •Zwi K‡i| GwU mZ¨ †h wKQy wKQy dzUcv‡Z nKviiv Ggbfv‡e cmiv

mvwR‡q e¨emv Ki‡Qb hv PjvP‡j cÖwZeÜKZv •Zwi Ki‡Q| Z‡e GwUI †f‡e

†`Levi welq †h, mvaviYZ wbR©b Ges k~b¨ dzUcvZ w`‡q gvbyl nuvU‡Z Pvq bv|

gvbyl‡K †nu‡U PjvP‡j Drmvnx Ki‡Z nKvi‡`i f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| dzUcv‡Z mvwR‡q

ivLv wewfbœ cmiv †nu‡U PjvPjKvix‡`i AvKl©Y Ges GK‡N‡qwg ~i K‡i|

nKviiv c_Pvix‡`i wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b †¯Qv‡me‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

dzUcv‡Z nKvi _vK‡j gvbyl †nu‡U PjvP‡j wbivc` †eva K‡i| Gi Rb¨

nKvi‡`i Rb¨ mywbw ©ófv‡e RvqMv eivÏ I Z`viwK nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|

A‡b‡KB nKvi D‡Q` K‡i Zv‡`i c~be©vm‡bi Rb¨ nKvi gv‡K©U wbg©v‡Yi K_v

e‡jb| BwZc~‡e© G ai‡bi gv‡K©U wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ nKvi‡`i †mLv‡b

RvqMv nq wb| mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GwU †Kvb mgvavb bq| dzUcv‡Z e¨emv ïay

Avgv‡`i †`‡k bq, we‡k¦i DbœZ kn‡i myk„Ljfv‡e GwU msNwUZ n‡Q|

dzUcv‡Z Lye Aí cuywR‡Z e¨emv Kiv m¤¢e| hv GKRb `wi`ª gvby‡li c‡¶

mn‡RB Kg©ms¯v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i _v‡K| nKvi gv‡K©U n‡Z cv‡i, †mLv‡b

mwVKfv‡e nKvi‡`i †`vKvb cÖvwß wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †mLv‡b cQ›` Abymv‡i

91

nKviiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Aek¨B dzUcv‡Z ¯vqx I A vqxfv‡e Ges åvg¨gvb

nKvi‡`i e¨emv Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e| XvKvq †ek K‡qKwU GjvKvq

nKvi‡`i Rb¨ Ònwj‡W gv‡K©UÓ Pvjy i‡q‡Q| Av‡iv AwaK msL¨K GjvKv‡K Gi

AvIZvq Avbv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wewfbœ Drme‡K †K›`ª K‡i nKvi‡`i Rb¨

A vqx gv‡K©U Gi e¨e¯v Kiv hvq| GiKgwU †`Lv hvq cqjv •ekvLmn wewfbœ

Drm‡e| †hLv‡b gvbyl m¯vq cÖ‡qvRbxq cb¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gi Rb¨

wKQy GjvKv wbw`©ó mg‡q Mvwo PjvPj eÜ †i‡L ïaygvÎ cv‡q †nu‡U PjvP‡ji

e¨e¯v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| we‡k¦i DbœZ kni¸wj‡Z GB weavb i‡q‡Q|

XvKv kn‡i åvg¨gvb nKvi‡`i gva¨‡g e¨vcK gvby‡li Pvwn`v c~iY n‡q _v‡K| hv

hvZvqvZ n«vm I m¯ vq cb¨ cÖvwß wbwðZ K‡i _v‡K| f¨vb, mvB‡Kj Ges cv‡q

†nu‡U XvKvi cÖvq me©ÎB cb¨ †cu․‡Q hv‡Q G‡`i gva¨‡g| cÖwZwU cvov gnj­vq

G‡`i‡K GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q e¨emvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡j †µZv I we‡µZv Df‡qB

DcK…Z n‡eb| G ai‡bi e¨e¯v ªe¨g~j¨ wbqš¿‡YI ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡e| G

ai‡bi nKvi‡`i j¶¨ _v‡K †ewk wewµ Ges Kg jvf Kiv| dzUcvZ Ges

åvg¨gvb `yB ai‡bi nKviB †`vKvb cwiPvjbv LyeB Kg Ges cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi

wfwˇZ e¨emv K‡i e‡j m¯vq cb¨ cvIqv hvq| GQvov cÖwZw`‡bi cb¨ cÖwZw`b

wewµ K‡i e‡j UvUKv wRwbm cvIqv hvq|

nKvi‡`i e¨emvi myweav‡_© GKwU bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| hvi Av‡jv‡K

bMi KZ„©c¶ Gi gva¨‡g IqvW©wfwËK cÖkvmb I ¯vbxq RbcÖwZwbwa, wewfbœ

†ckvi gvbyl I nKvi‡`i mgš‡q GKwU KwgwU _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| KwgwUi KvR n‡e

nKvi‡`i Rb¨ mywbw`©ófv‡e RvqMv eivÏ Ges we`¨~r, cvwb, QvDbx, Wv÷web I

cvewjK Uq‡jUmn cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-myweav wbwðZ Kiv| RvqMv cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î

bMi KZ©„c¶ Aby‡gvw`Z jvB‡mÝ Gi e¨e¯v Kiv| jvB‡mÝ Ges gvwmK ÒwdÓ

Gi wewbg‡q nKvi‡`i RvqMv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j ivR¯^ Avq evo‡e| RvqMv eiv‡Ïi

†¶‡Î †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb PjvP‡j weNœ m„wó bv nq| iv¯v-NvU †hb cwi¯‥vi-

cwiQbœ _v‡K †mw`‡K bRi w`‡Z n‡e| j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Zv‡`i Lv`¨ ª‡e¨i

gvb wVK _v‡K| GQvov nKvi‡`i wbKU Puv`vevwR †ivamn mKj wKQyB cÖ¯vweZ

KwgwU KZ©„K msMwVZ n‡e| RvZxq ¯^v‡_© nKvi †ckvi wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv

cÖ‡qvRb| †`‡k bZzb Kg©ms¯v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv m¤¢e n‡Q bv Ges cÖPzi

msL¨K gvbyl †eKvi| ZvB gvby‡li wbR D‡`¨v‡M ¯í cuywR‡Z M‡o †Zvjv ÒnKviÓ

†ckv‡K mymsnZ Ki‡Z mwVK cwiKíbv Ges Zvi h_vh_ ev¯evqb Riwi| G

wel‡q cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:

92

†eKviZ¡ bq, Kg©ms ’vb m„wó:

†eKviZ¡ evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU mgm¨v| miKv‡ii AvMÖn I bvbv cÖ‡Póv

Ae¨vnZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Gi mgvavb m¤¢e n‡q DV‡Q bv, eis µgvMZfv‡e cwiw¯wZ

m¼Uvcbœ n‡q co‡Q| †`‡k D‡j­L‡hvM¨ msL¨K gvbyl nKvi †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ|

hv‡`i‡K ivóªxq ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb mv‡c‡¶ cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-myweav cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j

†eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Y mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| nKviiv ¯^í cuywR wb‡q

¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨emv K‡i _v‡K| Zviv Lv`¨, e¯¿mn cÖ‡qvRbxq iKgvix cY¨mvgMÖx

wb‡q Aí RvqMv e¨envi K‡i dzUcv‡Z A_ev Ny‡i Ny‡i e¨emv Ki‡Q| hvi Dci

wbf©i K‡i Zv‡`i msmvi Pj‡Q| miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K mivmwi †Kvb ai‡bi

mn‡hvwMZv QvovB Zviv †eu‡P _vKvi ZvwM‡` Av‡qi c_ Luy‡R wb‡q‡Qb| bvMwiK

wn‡m‡e †hLv‡b Zviv †g․wjK myweavmg~n †_‡K ewÂZ †mLv‡b Zv‡`i †ckv‡K

myk„|Lj I myôz e¨e¯vcbvq wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ ivóª KZ©„K mn‡hvwMZv Kiv DwPZ

cÖvqkB †`Lv hvq nKvi D‡Q‡`i Kvi‡Y A‡b‡KB Kg©nxb n‡q co‡Q, evo‡Q

†eKviZ¡| mwVK we‡ePbvi Afv‡e wewfbœ mg‡q dzUcvZ †_‡K nKvi D‡Q` Kiv

nq| †KD †KD nKvi‡`i dzUcvZ †_‡K mwi‡q weKí cybe©vm‡bi K_v e‡jb|

wKš‧ Avgiv fy‡j hvB Avgv‡`i †`‡k GL‡bv Kg©¶g Rbkw³i 40 kZvskB

†eKvi, 90 `k‡K †eKviZ¡ e„w×i nvi wQj 1.9 kZvsk, MZ 10 eQ‡i Zv †e‡o

`vwo‡q‡Q 3.7 kZvsk9

| Avgiv GLb ch©š Zv‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯v‡bi e¨e¯v

Ki‡Z cvwi wb| we‡k¦ cÖvq me©ÎB AcivaKg© msNwVK n‡q _v‡K| hvi Ab¨Zg

KviY †eKviZ¡ ¶zav I `wi`ªZv| Aciva `g‡bi Rb¨ iv‡óªi cÖPzi e¨q Ki‡Z

nq| GQvov Aciva K‡g©i ¶wZ Avw_©K wnmve K‡i cwigvc Kiv hv‡e bv, GLv‡b

mvgvwRK mgm¨vUvB g~L¨| myZivs nKvi D‡Q` Kivi gva¨‡g Av‡iv †eKviZ¡ m„wó

Kiv myLKi n‡e bv| eis G‡`i wbqwš¿Zfv‡e e¨emv Kivi my‡hvM KivB DËg|

G ch©š †`‡ki A‡bK wkí KviLvbv eÜ Kivq hviv †eKvi n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i Rb¨

wK weKí Kg©ms¯vb Gi e¨e¯v Kiv m¤¢e nq wb| Av`gRx RyU wgj e‡Üi ci

cÖPzi gvbyl †eKvi n‡q c‡o‡Q| †hLv‡b GZ GZ gvbyl Kg©nxb †mLv‡b nKvi‡`i

dzUcvZ †_‡K D‡Q‡`i gva¨‡g bZzb K‡i †eKvi‡Z¡i †evSv evov‡bv mgxwPb bq|

G‡¶‡Î weKí e‡j wKQy †bB| weKífv‡e hw` m¤¢e nq Zvn‡j GB gyû‡Z© hviv

†eKvi‡Z¡i Awfkvc wb‡q nZvk Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Qb Zv‡`i Kg©ms¯vb Gi e¨e¯v

9

•`wbK B‡ËdvK, iweevi 13 †deªqvwi 2005

93

Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| nKviiv Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨B GB †ckv‡K Aej¤b K‡i‡Q| GB

n‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ weKí| GB weKí †ckv‡K Av‡iv my›`i I myk„¨Lj Kivi Rb

D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e|

dzUcvZ †_‡K nKvi D‡Q` bZzb K‡i †eKvi‡Z¡i †evSv evwo‡q Zzj‡e| BwZg‡a¨

wewfbœ c`‡¶‡ci ci A‡bK gvbyl †eKvi n‡q c‡o‡Q| wi·v D‡Q`, Av`gRx

cvUKj eÜ, wewfbœ Kj KviLvbv eÜ, Mv‡g©›Um eÜ nIqvi d‡j cÖPzi gvbyl

†eKvi n‡q c‡o‡Q| hvi djvdj wn‡m‡e bvMwiK Rxe‡bi Dci weiƒc cÖwZwµqv

m„wó K‡i‡Q| G †_‡K wk¶v wb‡q Kg©cšv MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| iv¯vq nKvi GwU

ev eZv| GB †ckvq A‡bK gvby‡li Kg©ms¯vb Gi e¨e¯v n‡q‡Q| GB †ckvi

gvbyl‡`i‡K mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g GKwU ¯vqx Kg©ms¯v‡bi †¶Î •Zwi Kiv

Riwi|

nKvi‡`i Avq I mvgvwRK Ae`vb:

XvKv kn‡i cÖvq 1,30,000 (GK j¶ wZwik nvRvi) nKvi i‡q‡Q| hvi g‡a¨

¯vqxfv‡e e¨emv Ki‡Qb cÖvq 70,000 (mËi nvRvi) Rb Ges A vqx ev

åvg¨gvb nKvi i‡q‡Q 60,000 (lvU nvRvi) Rb| †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖvš †_‡K

mnvq m¤^jnxb †jv‡Kiv XvKv kn‡i Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b G‡m GB †ckvq wb‡R‡`i

m¤ú„³ K‡i‡Q| hv‡`i MÖv‡g †Kvb KvR †bB&, wb‡Ri Rwg †bB, Rwg †M‡Q b`xi

fv½‡b| ZvivB kn‡i G‡m †Kvbµ‡g GKUz cqmv Rwg‡q nKvi †ckv †e‡Q

wb‡q‡Q| GB †ckvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i cwievi wb‡q Rxeb †K‡U hv‡Q| ¯^cœ †`L‡Q

my›`i fwel¨‡Zi| †hLv‡b ivóª-miKvi cÖvYvš †Póv K‡iI gvby‡li Rxe‡b †g․wjK

Pvwn`v cyi‡Yi wbðqZv w`‡Z cvi‡Qbv, †mLv‡b GB msMÖvgx Rb‡Mvôx wb‡R‡`i

cÖ‡Póvq evuPvi c_ Lyu‡R wb‡q‡Q| wKš‧ cÖwZwbqZ Zv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi †kl

Aej¤^b GB †ckvi Dci ûgwK m„wó n‡Q| G‡¶‡Î cÖK…wZ bq, bxwZ wba©viYB

g~L¨| cÖvqkB †`Lv hvq nKvi D‡Q` Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| iv‡óªi bvMwiK

wn‡m‡e nKvi‡`i e¨vcv‡i †h †Kvb wm×vš MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK I

gvbweK w`K we‡ePbvq ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|

XvKv kn‡i nKvi‡`i gvwmK Mo Avq 5,000 †_‡K 15,000 UvKv| hvi Dci

wbf©i K‡i Zviv msmvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Gi gva¨‡gB Zviv my›`i fwel¨‡Zi

¯^cœ †`L‡Qb| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv hv‡Z DbœZ Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i †mR‡b¨ Zv‡`i

cov‡jLvi e¨e¯v K‡i _v‡Kb GB †ckv‡K †K›`ª K‡i| GB Avq †_‡KB evev-

gvmn msmv‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`i wPwKrmv n‡q _v‡K| nKviiv ¯í cuywR wb‡q wbR

94

D‡`¨v‡M e¨emv Ki‡Q| Zviv A‡b‡KB Ab¨ †ckvi cvkvcvwk nKvi †ckvq

RwoZ| hv evowZ Av‡qi †hvMvb Ges cwiev‡ii Dbœq‡b Kv‡R jvM‡Q|

XvKv kn‡ii wewfbœ Abyôv‡b mvR m¾¡vi Rb¨ m‡ZR dz‡ji Rywo †bB| Gi

†hvMvb Av‡m kvnevM dzUcv‡Z Aew¯Z dz‡ji evRvi n‡Z| kvnevM GjvKvi

dzUcv‡Z cÖvq 30-32 wU dz‡ji †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU †`vKv‡b M‡o

3000-5000 UvKvi wewµ nq Ges M‡o 30 kZvsk jvf K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZ

†`vKv‡b KvR Ki‡Q 5-9 Rb| †hLv‡b gwnjv‡`i GKwU eo Ask i‡q‡Q|

kvnevM, wUGmwm, bvUK miwY, msm` feb GjvKvq A‡bK åvg¨gvb Lvev‡ii

†`vKvb i‡q‡Q| Gme †`vKv‡b dzPKv, PUcwU, Svjgywo, Pv wewµ Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b

gvby‡li wgjb‡gjv M‡o D‡V‡Q| Rv`yNi I cvewjK jvB‡eªwi GjvKvq we‡bv`‡bi

cvkvcvwk Lvev‡ii Drm n‡Q dzUcv‡Zi †`vKvb| GQvov dzUcv‡Z LyeB Aí

`v‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi †Ljbv cvIqv hvq| ¶z`ª I KywUi wkí wKsev nv‡Zi •Zwi

wRwbm cÎ weµ‡qi †¶‡Î XvKv kn‡ii dzUcvZ¸‡jv GKwU Abb¨ f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i Avm‡Q| †`‡ki `wi ª I mvaviY gvbyl Zv‡`i Gme •Zwi wRwbm weµq

Ki‡Z cvi‡Q mn‡R Ges †`‡ki mvaviY gvbyl Zv ¯^í `v‡g µq Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wkï GKv‡Wgxi mvg‡bi dzUcv‡Z cÖvq 30wU †`vKvb Av‡Q| †hLv‡b weµq Kiv

nq wewfbœ gvwUi I nv‡Zi •Zwi wRwbmcÎ| GLvbKvi GKwU D‡j­L¨‡hvM¨ w`K

n‡Q G †`vKvb¸‡jv dzUcv‡Zi GK cv‡k me‡P‡q my›`i I myweb¨v Ae¯vq

Aew¯Z| hviv c_Pvix‡`i PjvP‡j †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv •Zwi Ki‡Q bv, eis

wbivcËv cÖ`vb I AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q|

mnR I myj‡f cY¨cÖvwß:

dzUcvZ †_‡K gvSvix I ¯í Av‡qi gvbyl nuvUvc‡_ myj‡f cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx µq

Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| dzUcv‡Z hviv e¨emv K‡i Zv‡`i †`vKvb LiP ev †WKv‡ikb LiP

†bB ej‡jB P‡j| G‡¶‡Î Zviv Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK Kg `v‡g cY¨mvgMÖx

wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvRv dj I mwâ myjf g~‡j¨ cvIqvi †¶‡Î nKvi‡`i Rywo

†bB| Kvco ev Ab¨ A‡bK mvgMÖx i‡q‡Q hv ¯^í Av‡qi gvby‡li c‡¶ eo

†`vKvb n‡Z †Kbv cÖvq Am¤¢e| wKš‧ Zviv dzUcvZ e¨emvqx‡`i wbKU †_‡K

A‡bK Kg `v‡g wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| dzUcv‡Z Aew¯Z †`vKv‡b 20-70 UvKvi g‡a¨

fvj kvU© ev †MwÄ cvIqv hvq| nKvi‡`i Kj¨v‡Y iv¯vi cv‡k wewfbœ wRwbm

mn‡R wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq weavq A‡bK †jvK PjvP‡ji mgq Zv‡`i wbZ¨

95

cÖ‡qvRbxq †KbvKvUvi KvRwU †m‡i †dj‡Z cv‡ib| gwZwSj, ivR¯^ feb

GjvKvi dzUcv‡Z hviv evRvi K‡ib Zv‡`i AwaKvsk gvbyl Avkcv‡ki Awd‡m

KvR K‡ib| Zviv Awdm QywUi ci evwo‡Z hvIqvi c‡_ evRvi K‡i evmvq

wdi‡Z cvi‡Qb|

XvKv kn‡i dzUcv‡Z Aew¯Z Lvevi †`vKv‡b ¯^í Av‡qi gvbyl †hiKg Aí UvKvq

†L‡Z cv‡i Zv Ab¨ †Kvb ¯v‡b m¤¢e bq| XvKv kn‡ii †ewkifvM dzUcv‡Z fvZ,

iwU, weivbx, wcVv, Svjgywo, wewfbœ dj I mwâi †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| XvKvq

Ae¯vbKvix AwaKvsk `wi`ª †ckvi gvbyl GB †`vKvb †_‡K Lvevi Lvq|

A‡b‡KB iv vi Avk-cv‡ki †`vKv‡bi Lvev‡ii gvb wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡Z cv‡i| wKš‧

hviv Lv‡Q Zv‡`i g‡Z, GBme †`vKv‡bi Lvev‡ii gvb fv‡jv, Zv‡`i †L‡Z †Kvb

mgm¨v n‡Q bv| GQvov wewfbœ mg‡q cwiPvwjZ †fRvj we‡ivax Awfhv‡bi

†cÖw¶‡Z †`‡ki AvwfRvZ †`vKv‡bvi Lvev‡ei gvb wb‡qI cÖkœ †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|

dzUcv‡_i †`vKv‡bi Lvev‡ii gvb m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Zy‡j Zv‡`i D‡Q‡`i hyw³

Aevši| Z‡e dzUcv‡Z Lvev‡ii gvb wbqš¿‡Y c`‡¶c †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wiKkv/f¨vb PvjK‡`i AwaKvsk mgqB †`Lv hvq Zviv GB †`vKv‡bi L‡Ïi|

dzUcv‡Z Aí `v‡g Lvevi cvIqvi cvkvcvwk wecyj msL¨K †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯vb

n‡Q| GB welqwU‡K †Kvbfv‡eB AeÁv Kiv hvq bv| dyUcv‡Zi †`vKvb Zz‡j

w`‡j GB `wi ª †jvK‡`i Lvev‡ii m¼U •Zwi n‡e| bxj‡¶Z GjvKvq A‡bK

Lvevi †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| hviv RvqMvi msKzjvb bv nIqvq d‚Ucv‡Zi wKQyUv Ask

e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| †hLv‡b XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq/ey‡qU/B‡Wb K‡jR/Mvn©¯

A_©bxwZ K‡jR/XvKv K‡jRmn AÎ GjvKvi QvÎQvÎx‡`i A‡b‡KiB Lvev‡ii

Pvwn`v †gUvq| GLv‡b cÖwZw`b m¯vq A‡bK QvÎQvÎx Lvevi †L‡q _v‡K| Gme

†`vKvb D‡Q‡`i c~‡e© QvÎQvÎx‡`i Lvevi cÖvwßi welqwU we‡ePbvq ivLv DwPr|

GQvov QvÎ/QvÎxiv dzUcvZ †_‡K m¯vq eBcÎ wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| hv Zv‡`i

cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|

nKviiv c_Pvix‡`i AvKl©Y I wbivcËv cÖ vb K‡i:

A‡bK gwnjv hv‡`i‡K wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZwbqZ evB‡i hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z nq

Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †ewkifv‡Mi gZvgZ dzUcv‡Z nKvi _vKvq PjvP‡j wbivcËv cvIqv

hvq| Ab¨w`‡K †h dzUcv‡Z nKvi †bB †mB iv vq w`‡bi †ejvqI PjvP‡j

wbivcËvnxbZvq fyM‡Z nq| dzUcv‡Z gvby‡li †nu‡U PjvPj Kivi Rb¨ nKvi‡`i

GKwU f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| hw`I nKv‡iiv wRwbmcÎ wewµi Rb¨ evivevi ZvwM` w`‡q

96

weiw³ Drcv`b K‡i| Avevi A‡bK mgq nKvi‡`i fx‡oi Kvi‡Y dzUcv‡Z

PjvP‡j ¯^vfvweKZv bó nq| wbDgv‡K©U GjvKvq wbqwgZ evRvi K‡ib Ggb

e¨w³‡`i gZvgZ dzUcv‡Z nKvi _vKvi A‡bK myweav i‡q‡Q| XvKv kn‡ii

K‡qKwU dzUcv‡Zi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡jB GB Z‡_¨i h_v_©Zv cÖgvwYZ nq| †hme

dzUcvZ ev ¯v‡b wKQy wKb‡Z cv‡i ev †jvKRb †Kvb Kvi‡Y Ae¯vb K‡i ïaygvÎ

†mLv‡bB gvbyl PjvPj K‡i _v‡K| msm` feb, cÖavbgš¿xi feb, grm feb

†_‡K KjvevMvb ev wg›Uy †iv‡Wi dzUcvZ G Kvi‡Y †ewkifvM mgq duvKv _v‡K|

†m‡¶‡Î dzUcv‡Z wbw ©ó RvqMvq wbqwš¿Zfv‡e e¨emv Ki‡Z w`‡j †nu‡U PjvP‡j

cÖwZeÜKZv _vK‡e bv|

nKviiv hvbRU wbqš¿‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L:

åvg¨gvb nKviiv gnj­vq gnj­vq wM‡q cY¨-mvgMÖx wewµ K‡i _v‡K| A‡b‡KB

evmvÕi bxP †_‡KB cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmwU msMÖn Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| d‡j hvZvqvZ

Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡Q| hv hvbRU wbqš¿‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| XvKv kn‡i hvbRU mgm¨vi

Kvi‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB ~‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z n‡Q| hvbRU wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ nKvi‡`i

e¨emv Kivi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

cÖ‡qvRb nKvi †ckvi ¯xK…wZ I mvgvwRK gh©v`v:

kª‡gi gh©v`v m¤ú‡K© ZvwË¡Kfv‡e gh©v`v †`qvi K_v ej‡jI †mwU KL‡bv

ev evwqZ nqwb| †µZv‡`i Akvjxb e¨envi, AeÁv, bxPz wn‡m‡e †`Lvi Kvi‡Y

nKvi †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ gvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ nxbgb¨Zv m„wó K‡i| ZvQvov G †ckvi

†Kvb mvgvwRK ev ivóªxq ¯^xK…wZ bv _vKvq Zv‡`i Ae¯v †Kv_vq Zviv Rv‡bb bv|

AwbwðZ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Zviv memgq nZvkvq †fv‡Mb| A‡bK nKvi Av‡Q hv‡`i

Avq Avq LyeB fv‡jv| A_P mgcwigvY A_© DcvR©b K‡i Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxexiv

Zv‡`i †_‡K fvj Ae¯v‡b i‡q‡Q| ïaygvÎ mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ †bB e‡jB

A_©‣bwZK ¯^QjZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I nKvi †ckvi gvby‡liv wb‡R‡`i †nq fve‡Q|

nKvi‡`i e¨emvi myweav‡_© ivóª KZ©„K †QvU †QvU wKQy c`‡¶c †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|

dzUcvZ msjMœ cvewjK Uq‡jU ¯vcb KivUv Riwi| GQvov mܨvi ci Zv‡`i

AšZ GKwU evwZi e¨e¯v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| hv c_Pvix‡`i PjvP‡ji Rb¨I myweav

m„wó Ki‡e| XvKv kn‡i †`Lv eo eo me kwcsgj¸wj‡Z Gwm, GK‡m‡jUi wmwo

Ges Av‡jvKm¾¡vi gva¨‡g cÖPzi we`~¨r AcPq n‡q _v‡K| Zvn‡j †Kb nKvi‡`i

GKwU evwZi e¨e¯v Kiv hvq bv? nKvi‡`i †iv`-e„wó‡Z mgm¨vq co‡Z nq| Gi

mgvav‡b QvDbxi e¨e¯v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| nKvi‡`i cY¨mvgMÖx dzUcv‡Zi cv‡k

97

wbivc`fv‡e ivLvi Rb¨ AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| dzUcv‡Z jvB‡m‡Ýi

wewbg‡q nKvi‡`i RvqMv eiv‡Ïi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Zfv‡e e¨emv Kivi my‡hvM

†`Iqv n‡j A‡bK¸wj myweav AwR©Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ ivR¯^ Avq e„w× I

Kg©ms¯vb m„wó D‡j­L‡hvM¨|

ïaygvÎ dzUcvZ bq, wba©vwiZ w`‡b wbw ©ó ¯v‡b nKvi‡`i e¨emv Kivi my‡hvM

†`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc nwj‡W gv‡K©‡Ui K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z

K‡i nKvi‡`i evowZ Av‡qi GKwU my‡hvM m„wó n‡e| Z‡e nwj‡W gv‡K©U †h wPšv

†_‡K ïi n‡qwQj Zv Avgv‡`i †cÖ¶vc‡U †gv‡UI ev¯eag©x bq| nKviiv

cÖwZw`‡bi Avq w`‡q cÖwZw`‡bi LiP enb K‡i _v‡K| myZivs dzUcvZmn

nKvi‡`i e¨emvi wbqwgZ ¯vbmg~‡ni cvkvcvwk wKQy wKQy moK wbw`©ó w`‡b eÜ

†i‡L e¨emvi bZzb †¶‡Î •Zwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z m¯vq wRwbmcÎ msMÖ‡ni

cvkvcvwk gvby‡li we‡bv`‡bi e¨e¯v m„wó n‡e|

nKvi‡`i mvsweavwbK AwaKvi:

ivóª n‡Q Kj¨vYag©x Ges †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb| †m‡¶‡Î •elg¨nxb mgvR

e¨e¯v wbwðZ Kiv ivóª cwiPvjbvq wb‡qvwRZ‡`i Ab¨Zg KZ©e¨| evsjv‡`‡ki

msweav‡b G wel‡q my¯úó w`K wb‡ ©kbv †`Iqv Av‡Q| †m Abyqvqx nKvi‡`i

e¨emv Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| msweav‡b my‡hv‡Mi mgZv wbwðZ Kivi K_v ejv

n‡jI ev ‡e Zvi cÖwZdjb †bB| GKRb nKvi e¨emv Kivi Rb¨ mvgvb¨ RvqMv

cvIqvi wbðqZv cv‡Q bv| A_P Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ cÖPzi RvqMv e¨env‡ii

my‡hvM cÖ`vb Kiv n‡Q| nKviiv ¯^vaxbfv‡e ¯^í cuywR wb‡q e¨emv Ki‡Q|

mvsweavwbKfv‡e hvi ¯^xK„wZ †`Iqvi K_v _vK‡jI AvR ch©š Zv cwijw¶Z nq

wb| eis evisevi n‡Z n‡q‡Q D‡Q‡`i wkKvi| y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki wewfbœ

cÖvš †_‡K mnvq m¤^jnxb gvbyl Qy‡U Avm‡Q kn‡i| ZvivB ¯^í cuywRi Dci fi

K‡i nKvi †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡Qb| GB AbMÖmi †Mvôx‡K mnvqZv KivUvI

mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡| myZivs nKvi D‡Q` bq| Zv‡`i wbqwš¿Zfv‡e e¨emv Kivi

Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-myweav cÖ`vb Kiv Riwi| wb‡gœ Òevsjv‡`‡ki msweavb I

mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvÓ Gi K‡qKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨ Aby‡Q`:

Aby‡Q`-19t my‡hv‡Mi mgZv:-

1) mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ my‡hv‡Mi mgZv wbwðZ Kwi‡Z ivóª m‡Pó nB‡eb|

2) gvby‡l gvby‡l mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwZK Amvg¨ we‡jvc Kwievi Rb¨,

bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡`i mylgeÈb wbwðZ Kwievi Rb¨ Ges cÖRvZ‡š¿i me©Î

98

A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi mgvb ¯i AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ mylg my‡hvM-myweav`vb wbwðZ

Kwievi Rb¨ ivóª Kvh©Ki e¨e¯v MÖnY Kwi‡eb|

Aby‡Q`-20t AwaKvi I KZ©e¨iƒ‡c Kg©:-

1) Kg© nB‡Z‡Q Kg©¶g cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki c‡¶ AwaKvi, KZ©e¨ I

m¤§v‡bi welq Ges ÒcÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU nB‡Z †hvM¨Zvbymv‡i I

cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Kg©vbyhvqxÓ GB bxwZi wfwˇZ cÖ‡Z¨K ¯^xq K‡g©i Rb¨

cvwikªwgK jvf Kwi‡eb|

2) ivóª Ggb Ae¯v m„wói †Póv Kwi‡eb, †hLv‡b mvaviY bxwZ wnmv‡e †Kvb

e¨w³ AbycvwR©Z Avq †fvM Kwi‡Z mg_© nB‡eb bv Ges †hLv‡b

eyw×e„wËg~jK I KvwqK mKj cÖKvi kªg m„wóag©x cÖqv‡mi I gvbweK

e¨w³‡Z¡i c~Y©Zvi Awfe¨w³‡Z cwiYZ nB‡e|

Aby‡Q`-14t K…lK I kªwg‡Ki gyw³- iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg †g․wjK `vwqZ¡ nB‡e

†gnbwZ gvbyl‡K-K…lK I kªwgK‡K Ges RbM‡Yi AbMÖmi Askmg~n‡K mKj

cÖKvi †kvlY nB‡Z gyw³ `vb Kiv|

nKvi I Avš—RvwZ©K Kvh©µg:

nKvi ïaygvÎ evsjv‡`k Z_v XvKv kni bq, DbœZ †`kmg~‡nI i‡q‡Q| jÛb,

†UvwKI, wm½vcyi, †Wbfvimn eo eo kni¸wj‡ZI nKviiv kn‡ii c‡_ Nv‡U

e¨emv Ki‡Q| GgbwK cv‡ki †`k fvi‡Z nKvi‡`i †ckvi wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b

A‡bK GwM‡q wM‡q‡Q| fviZ, †Kvwiqv I `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq BwZg‡a¨ Gme

†fÊvi‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq I k„|Lj Avbvq‡b RvZxq bxwZgvjv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q

GQvov nKvi‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq 17 gvP© 2004 mv‡j GK m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g

`w¶Y Avwd«Kvq StreetNet International bv‡g GKwU †emiKvwi AvšR©vwZK

ms¯v M‡o †Zvjv nq| BwZg‡a¨ AvšR©vwZK kªg ms¯v †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv‡`i

Ae`vb‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q G ms vi Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ

evwo‡q‡Q|

†`‡ki AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ¸wji g‡a¨ nKvi †ckv Ab¨Zg| cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-

myweav †c‡j cÖPzi Kg©ms¯v‡bi cvkvcvwk †`‡ki mvgvwRK I A_©‡bwZK Dbœh‡b

¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| nKvi †ckvi wbivcËvi Rb¨ †h mKj

c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb:

99

nKvi‡`i e¨emvi myweav‡_© GKwU mgwšZ bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv|

bMi KZ„©c¶ Gi gva¨‡g IqvW©wfwËK cÖkvmb I ¯vbxq RbcÖwZwbwa, wewfbœ

†ckvi gvbyl I nKvi‡`i mgš‡q GKwU KwgwU MVb Kiv|

nKvi‡`i wbw`©ó RvqMvq Aí UvKvi wewbg‡q jvB‡mÝ cÖ`vb mv‡c‡¶ emvi

e¨e¯v Kiv|

†KD jvB‡mÝ fvov w`‡Z cvi‡e bv Zvi weavb ivLv|

nKvi‡`i Rb¨ we`¨~r, cvwb, QvDbx, Wv÷web I cvewjK Uq‡jUmn

cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-myweav wbwðZ Kiv|

iv v ev dzUcvZ •Zwii †¶‡Î nKvi‡`i emvi e¨e¯v †i‡L cwiKíbv MÖnY

Kiv|

nKvi‡`i `¶Zv e„wׇZ cÖwk¶Y I Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|

`~‡hv©M ev `~N©Ubv cieZ©x mg‡q ¶wZMÖ¯ nKvi‡`i mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|

nKvi‡`i mieivnK…Z cb¨mvgMÖxi gvb wbqš¿‡Y Z`viwK Kiv|

nKvi‡`i A‣ea Puv`v cÖ`v‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c

MÖnY Kiv|

- gvi‚d ingvb: cÖKí Kg©KZ©v, Wvwe­Dwewe Uªv÷

Z_¨m~Î:

- •mq` gvneyeyj Avjg, †m‡Þ¤i 2005, iv¯v I dzUcvZ e¨e¯vcbvq nKvi‡`i f~wgKv|

- National Policy on Urban Street Vendors 2009, Ministry of Housing & Urban

Poverty Alleviation, Government of India.

- Model Street Vendors (Protection of livelihood and regulation of street

vending) Bill-2009, Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, and

Government of India.

- Sharit K. Bhowmik, National Alliance of Street Vendors of India (NASVI),

Hakwers and the Urban Informal Sector: A Study of Street Vending in Seven

Cities, http://www.streetnet.org.za/English/studybow.htm accessed on 17th

January 2010.

- http://www.streetnet.org.za/english/default.htm accessed on 17th January 2010.

100

ivóª, cuywRi ¯^v_© Ges kªg AvB‡bi

Uvbv‡cv‡ob: wÎgyLx msK‡U evsjv‡`k ivóª

AvjZvd cvi‡fR

2006 mv‡j †`‡ki kªg Lv‡Z ¸iZ¡c~Y© GKwU NUbv N‡U| weGbwcÕi †bZ…Z¡vaxb

Pvi`jxq †RvU miKvi Aóg RvZxq msm‡`i †kl Awa‡ek‡b AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi

ÔAv‡jvPbvÕi wfwˇZ Ôevsjv‡`k kªg AvBbÕ bv‡g bZzb GKwU kªg AvBb Aby‡gv`b

K‡i‡Q| GB Av‡jvPbvq we‡ivax `‡ji msm` m`m¨‡`i Lye GKUv gZvgZ

ivL‡Z †`qv nqwb| miKvwi `‡ji msm` m`m¨ivI we¯ vwiZ †Kvb Av‡jvPbv

K‡ib wb| msm`xq ¯vqx KwgwU‡ZI AvBbwU wb‡q wek` †Kvb Av‡jvPbv nqwb|

GZ Riwi GKwU wel‡q evsjv‡`‡ki RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i e³e¨ cÖ`v‡b AbvMÖn †_‡K

RvZxq Rxe‡b ÔRvZxq msm`Õ-Gi f~wgKv AuvP Kiv hvq| AvBbwU ÔcvmÕ-Gi

cÖwµqvq Zvovûov I AMYZvwš¿KZv wQj cÖKU|

170 c„ôvi bZzb kªg AvBbwU cÖK…Z A‡_© bZyb †Kvb AvBb bq| †`‡k we`¨gvb

GZw`bKvi kªg AvBb¸‡jvi ms‡kvwaZ, cwiewZ©Z I mgwšZ iƒc gvÎ| GZw`b

†`‡k cÖvq 50wU kªg AvBb we`¨gvb wQj Ñ Zvi 27wU iwnZ K‡iÑ Zv‡`i mgš‡q

bZzb AvBbwU cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| 1992 mv‡j GB mgš‡qi KvRwU ïi nq Ôkªg

AvBb KwgkbÕ-Gi gva¨‡g| 14 eQi ci msm‡` bZzb AvBb cv‡mi ga¨w`‡q

Zvi GKwU Aa¨vq †kl nq|

bZzb AvBbwU‡Z 21wU Aa¨v‡q 354wU aviv i‡q‡Q| bZzb kªg AvB‡bi mvaviY

cv‡V ïi‡ZB hv †Pv‡L c‡o Zv n‡jv Ñ GB AvBb evsjv‡`‡ki msL¨vMwiô Ges

me‡P‡q cÖvwšK `yB kªwgK †Mvôx Ñ M„nKg©x I †¶ZgRyi‡`i Zvi AvIZvi evB‡i

†i‡L‡Q| †hme K…wl Lvgv‡i 10 R‡bi †ekx kªwgK KvR K‡i †Kej †mme

kªwgKiv GB AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avm‡e| Gi d‡j †`‡ki K…wldvg© Kg©xiv kªg

AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avm‡jI jvL jvL MÖvgxY kªgRxex ÔkªwgKÕ cwiP‡qi AvIZvi

evB‡i †_‡K hv‡Q| †`‡ki †Kvb †LZgRyi‡K kªwgK cwiPq w`‡Z AvBb

AwbQzK| GKBfv‡e kn‡ii evmvevwo‡Z hviv †fvi †_‡K Mfxi ivZ ch©š

nvofv½v LvUzwb †L‡U bvMwiK Rxeb‡K ¯^Q›` ivL‡Q Zv‡`iI evsjv‡`‡ki kªg

AvBb kªwgK cwiPq w`‡Z AwbQzK| mvaviY KvÊÁvb m¤úbœ †h †KD kªg AvB‡bi

GBiƒc i¶YkxjZv †`‡L AuvZ‡K DV‡eb •e wK| wKš‧ GUv GK ev¯eZv| GB

ev eZvi g‡a¨ c‡o †M‡Q Ôwb‡qvMcÎÕ I ÔcwiPqcÎÕ Qvov KvR Kiv Av‡iv jvL

jvL ivBmwgj kªwgK, cv_ifv½v kªwgK, nKvi cÖgyL| kªg AvB‡b G‡`i cwiPq

AcÖwZôvwbK Kg©x| Giv wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ AvRxeb †L‡U

101

Pj‡jI evsjv‡`k ivóª Zv‡`i kªwgK cwiPq w`‡Z KzwÉZ| Gi eû e¨vL¨v †`qv nq

e‡U| GB me kªwg‡Ki wbw`©ó Kg©N›Uv bvB, G‡`i wb‡qvM I PvKzwiPz¨wZ DfqB

Zvr¶wYK •ewk‡ó¨i| G‡`i wb‡qvM`vZviv e¨vsK wKsev H RvZxq cÖwZôv‡bi

m‡½ m¤úK©nxb BZ¨vw` bvbv hyw³‡Z †d‡j Avgv‡`i kªg AvB‡bi cwÊZiv †`‡ki

†KvwU †KvwU nKvi, M„nKg©x, K…wl kªwgK Ges G RvZxq gvbyl‡`i kªg AvB‡bi

AvIZvi evB‡i †i‡L w`‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i †mme e¨vL¨vi Avov‡j †h mZ¨wU Pvcv

c‡o Av‡QÑ Zv n‡jv, evsjv‡`‡ki D`xqgvb cyuwRZš¿‡K †gi`Ê †mvRv K‡i

`uvov‡Z n‡j Av‡iv wKQzw`b wbg©g I Avw`g auv‡Pi †kvlY cÖwµqv Rvwi ivL‡Z

n‡e| †mRb¨ wKQz wKQz LvZ‡K AvB‡bi Avov‡j ivLv `iKvi| ÔcyuwR‡K weKwkZ

n‡Z w`‡Z n‡eÕÑ GB n‡jv †gvÏv K_v! kªg AvBb gv‡bB wKQz wbqg Kvbyb| wKQz

my‡hvM myweavi M¨vivw›U| iv‡óªi wKQz `vq`vwq‡Z¡i e¨vcvi| MÖv‡gi K…lKiv,

kn‡ii nKvi ev M„nkªwgKiv hw` wbqg Kvbyb Abyhvqx Ômy‡hvM-myweavÕ `vwe K‡i

e‡m Zvn‡j cyuwRi weKv‡ki Rb¨ Zv †hgb weeªZKi, iv‡óªi Rb¨I Zv

†eKvq`vi| †mRb¨ hZw`b cviv hvq G‡`i kªg AvB‡bi evB‡i ivLvB ¯^w¯i|

wKš‧ Gi d‡j ivóªhš¿wU Avevi Ab¨fv‡e †eKvq`vq c‡o‡Q| †KvwU †KvwU

kªgRxex‡K kªg AvB‡bi myi¶vi AvIZv ewnf~©Z †i‡L Ômevi Rb¨ wk¶vÕ, Ômevi

Rb¨ ¯^v¯¨Õ BZ¨vw` †hme gyL‡ivPK †k­vMvb ivóª I Zvi bxwZwba©viKiv ninv‡gkv

e‡j †eov‡Qb Zv Kv‡qg Kiv Am¤¢e| GKBfv‡e mgv‡R ÔAvBb k„sLjvÕ wVK

ivLvI KwVb| †mRb¨ bv nq i¨ve, †Kveiv BZ¨vw` ms¯v‡K e¨envi Kiv hvq|

wKš‧ †`k †_‡K `vwi`ª wbg~©j n‡q‡Q, †`‡k AvB‡bi kvmb Kv‡qg n‡q‡Q, †`‡ki

me wkïiv wk¶v I ¯v¯¨ myweav cv‡Q BZ¨vw` mZ¨-wg_¨v Z_¨ w`‡q cwimsL¨vb

eB fi‡Z n‡j Mixe †gnbZx‡`i b~¨bZg wKQz AwaKvi bv w`‡q P‡j bv|

evsjv‡`‡ki we`¨gvb kªg AvBb †m w`K †_‡K we`¨gvb ivóª‡K eoB †eKvq`vq

†d‡j †i‡L‡Q| GKwU D`vniY w`‡q e¨vcviwU Av‡iv cwi®‥vi Kiv hvq| kªgRxex

bvix‡`i gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QzwU wek¦Ry‡o GLb GKwU †g․wjK kªg AwaKvi| wKš‧ XvKvq

ga¨weË I DPweËiv Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri eyqv‡`i wK gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb myweav w`‡Z cÖ¯‧Z

Av‡Qb? †gv‡UB bv| KviY G Ôm¤¢e bqÕ| †mRb¨ Ô¯vfvweKfv‡eBÕ kªg AvBbI

Zv‡`i †invB w`‡q‡Q| wKš‧ †h jvL jvL bvix eyqv wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡QÑmšvb

m¤¢ev nIqv gvÎB hw` Zv‡`i PvKzwi P‡j hvq, Zv n‡j †Zv Avevi †`‡ki

ÔmvgvwRK wbivcËvÕ cwiw¯wZ, wkï¯^v¯¨, gvZ…¯v¯¨ BZ¨vw` Ae¯v ÔKvwZ gvbÕ¶

Abyhvqx †`Lv‡bv iv‡óªi Rb¨ Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| ivóª, cuywRi ¯^v_© Ges kªg AvB‡bi

GB wÎgyLx Uvbv‡cv‡o‡b c‡o‡Q AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k| cÖkœ n‡Q †`kwU †Kvbw`‡K

hv‡e?

- AvjZvd cvi‡fR: wd«j¨vÝ M‡elK

102

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi bvix kªwg‡Ki AvBbx

myi¶v

•mq` myjZvb DwÏb Avn¤§`

†`‡ki †gvU bvix kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq GK †KvwU †Zi j¶ hvi wmsn fvM KvR

K‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z| Gi g‡a¨ Ggb A‡bK KvR Av‡Q hvi cÖvq cy‡ivUvB

mgvav nq bvixi nv‡Z| Avgv‡`i Lv`¨ Drcv`b cÖwµqvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q wmsnfvMB

Ki‡Q bvix Ges Giv mevB AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK| XvKvi AvKvkPyw¤¦

feY¸‡jvi wbg©v‡Y Av‡Q bvix kªwg‡Ki nv‡Zi †Qvqv Avi Nvg| XvKvi M„nkªwgKiv

GK mßv‡ni Rb¨ ag©NU Ki‡j Avgv‡`i A‡bK bxwZwba©viKM‡Yi `vwqZ¡

h_vh_fv‡e cvj‡b weNœ NU‡e| Zvi c‡iI wbqwgZ weiwZ‡Z G‡`i Dci

wbh©vZ‡bi Lei Avgiv cvB| wKš‧ cÖwZKvi Ki‡Z cvwi bv|

kªwgK AwaKvi myi¶v, gRywii gvb`Ê wba©viY I Kg©‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv I

Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †`‡ki g~j AvBb n‡Q Õkªg AvBb 2006Õ wKš‧ G

AvB‡b AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi †Kvb msÁv †`qv nqwb| †`Iqv n‡q‡Q cÖwZôvb,

KviLvbv I wk‡íi msÁv| d‡j AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi †Kvb AvBbx e¨vL¨v Avgiv

cvB bv| GRb¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q A‡bK weåvwš GLv‡Z AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ wK bv Zv wb‡q

wfbœ wfbœ gZ| hw`I Avgvi g‡Z †Kvb e¨vL¨v w`‡qB XvjvIfv‡e

AcÖvwZôvwbKLvZ‡K AvB‡bi evB‡i ivLvi Dcvq †bB| Dciš Gai‡Yi cÖPviYv

GB Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i‡K AvBbx AwaKvi jvf †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Q| wb‡Pi msÁv

¸‡jv Avgv‡`i‡K wKQyUv cwi¯‥vi aviYv w`‡Z cv‡i|

kªg AvBb 2006 ÕG KviLvbvi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q : ÔÔ KviLvbv A_© Ggb †Kvb

Ni-evox ev Avw½bv †hLv‡b erm‡i †Kvb w`b mvavbYZt cuvP Rb ev Z‡ZvwaK

kªwgK Kg©iZ _v‡Kb Ges Dnvi †h †Kvb As‡k †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqv Pvjy _v‡K,

wKš‧ †Kvb Lwb Bnvi Ašf~©³ nB‡e bvÕÕ

cÖwZôv‡bi msÁvq ejv n‡q‡Q: ÔÔcÖwZôvb A_© †Kvb †`vKvb, evwYR¨ cÖwZôvb,

wkí cÖwZôvb A_ev evox -Ni ev Avw½bv †hLv‡b †Kvb wkí cwiPvjbvi Rb¨

kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv nq|ÕÕ

cÖwZôvbcyÄ A_© GKB A_ev wewfbœ gvwj‡Ki Aaxb †Kvb wbw`©ó GjvKvq Ggb

GKvwaK cÖwZôvb †h¸wj‡Z GKB cÖKv‡ii ev ai‡Yi wkí cwiPvwjZ nq|

103

Dc‡ii msÁvmg~n we‡k­lY Ki‡j †evSv hvq cÖPwjZ A‡_© AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ e‡j

we‡ePbv Kiv nq Ggb A‡bK KvR I G‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK GB msÁvi AvIZvq

kªg AvB‡bi AvIZvfy³|

GQvov kªg AvBb 2006 Gi Aby‡Q` 1.4 G kªg AvB‡bi cÖ‡hvR¨ bq Ggb

†m±i I kªwg‡Ki †h ZvwjKv †`qv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b cÖvwZôvwbK I AcÖvwZôvwbK

Dfq Lv‡Zi cÖwZôvbB Av‡Q| †hgb wk¶v I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb kªg AvB‡bi

AvIZvi evB‡i wKš‧ GwU cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ| m‡›`n †bB GB Ae¨nwZ †`‡ki

A‡bK kªwgK‡K AwaKvi ewÂZ K‡i‡Q hvi AwaKvskB AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi|

wKš‧ mKj AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z †h kªg AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ bq G aviYvwU †Kv_v †_‡K

Gj Ges Gi e¨vL¨vB ev wK? Avm‡j mvaviYfv‡e a‡i †bqv nq †h †hLv‡b

kªwgKMY ¯vqx ai‡Yi KvR K‡i gvwjK Av‡Q - kªwg‡Ki mv‡_ Pyw³ Av‡Q wba©vwiZ

gRywi Av‡Q †mwUB cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ Ges †mLv‡b kªg AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨| A_©vr

hv‡`i wKQy wbðqZv Av‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨B AvBb| whwb wb‡R msMwVZ n‡q wb‡Ri

`vwe †ck Ki‡Z cv‡i bv hvi gRywi wb‡q `iKlvKwl Kivi ¶gZv †bB AvBb

Zv‡`i †Kvb mnvqZv Ki‡Q bv| AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix ms¯v¸‡jvB GB weåvwši Rb¨

†ewk `vqx| †h‡nZy Zviv wekvj AcÖvwZôvwbKLvZ‡K cwi`k©‡bi AvIZvq Avb‡Z

cvi‡Q bv †m‡nZy Rbg‡b GB aviYvi m„wó n‡Q| hLb †Kvb wk‡í kªwgK ¯^v_©

msi¶Y †Kvb wbqš¿K wewa weavb _v‡K bv ev GjvKvq miKv‡ii cwi`k©b wefvM

hvq bv ZLb †mB Lv‡Zi mKj kªwgK ¶wZMÖ nq, mve©¶wYK AwaKvi jsN‡bi

wkKvi nq| wKš‧ me‡P‡q †ewk ¶w¶MÖ¯ nq bvix|

Z‡e kªg AvBb 2006 AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi †Kvb msÁv bv †`Iqv n‡jI

kªwgKM‡Yi Rb¨ Kj¨vbg~jK Kg©KvÊ ev¯evq‡bi j‡¶¨ cÖYxZ Avi GKwU AvBb -

ÔkªwgK Kj¨vY dvD‡Êkb AvBb - 2006Õ G AcÖvwZôvwbKLv‡Zi msÁv †`qv

n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q -

ÔÔAcÖvwZôvwbK LvZÓ A_© GBiƒc †emiKvwi LvZ †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kªwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri

ev PvKzixi kZ©, BZ¨vw` we`¨gvb kªg ABb I Z`vaxb cÖYxZ wewaweav‡bi

AvIZvq wba©vwiZ wKsev wbqwš¿Z b‡n Ges †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ

nIqvi my‡hvM AZ¨š mxwgZ|

D‡j­L¨ †h, GB AvBb ïaygvÎ miKv‡ii wKQy Kj¨vY ¯‥x‡g AcÖvwZôvwbKLv‡Zi

kªwgKMY‡K Ašf~©³ nIqvi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Q †Kvb AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Q

bv| ZvB GB AvB‡bi we¯vwiZ Av‡jvPbv GLv‡b cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

kªg AvB‡bi ¯^xK…wZ wb‡q weåvwš, †NvlYv w`‡q KwZcq wkí‡K AvB‡bi myi¶vi

evB‡i ivLv, mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z ev‡RU eiv‡Ïi Afve I AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi AwaKvsk kªwgK‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AvIZvi evB‡i ivLv, cwi`k©b

104

e¨e¯vi `ye©jZv, kªg Av`vj‡Zi AcÖZyjZv, m‡e©vcwi msMwVZ Kivi D‡`¨v‡Mi

Afv‡e AvR AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKMY we‡kl K‡i bvix kªwgKMY Zv‡`i

h_vh_ ¯^xK…wZ cv‡Q bv| mewKQy wbqwZ g‡b K‡i Rxeb KvwU‡q w`‡Q Avi

wbqwZ‡K Awfkvc w`‡Q|

GB Awfkvc †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡gB Kg©‡¶‡Î Kv‡Ri aiY wbwe©‡k‡l

gRywii wewbg‡q KvR K‡i Ggb cÖ‡Z¨K‡K kªg AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avb‡Z n‡e

Ges cÖwZwU †ckv‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e| GKRb kªwgK †m hw` GKw`‡bi Rb¨I

wb‡qvMcÖvß nq †mI wb‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© gvwj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GKwU wjwLZ wm­c †c‡Z

cv‡i †hLv‡b †jLv _vK‡e Zv‡K KZ gRywii wewbg‡q wK ai‡Yi Kv‡Ri Rb¨

wb‡qwRZ Kiv nj Ges KZ¶Y KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk hw` †Kvb ~N©Ubv

N‡U ev kªwg‡Ki AvIZvewn©f~Z Kvi‡Y hw` KvR e›` _v‡K †hgb e„wó, `y‡h©vM ev

†Mvj‡hvM Zvn‡j kªwgK wK ¶wZc~iY cv‡e| e¨m GUyKzB †h †Kvb kªwgK‡K w`‡Z

cv‡i GKwU wbðqZv, cwiPq I gh©v`v| gy‡Li K_vq wb‡qvM Ges gy‡Li K_vq

we`vq, w`b †k‡l gRywi wb‡q weev` GwU †Kvb my¯ mgv‡Ri j¶Y n‡Z cv‡i bv|

G‡Z †hgb kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi jsNb nq †Zgwb Drcv`‡bI †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o

m‡e©vcwi mgv‡R GKwU AwbðqZv I A xiZv weivR K‡i|

G‡Zv †M‡jv w`bgRyi ev cÖwZwôZ aviYv Abyhvqx †h mKjLvZ AcÖvwZôvwbKLvZ

Zv‡`i K_v| wKš‧ wek¦vq‡bi GB hy‡M cÖwZôvwbK KvR mg~n‡K wewfbœ

AcÖvwZôvwbK K‡i †djv n‡Q| m¤úÖwZ miKv‡ii gvbbxq A_©gš¿x e‡j‡Qb †h

mwPevj‡q Z„Zxq I PZy_© †kªYxi Kg©Pvixiv Ggb mKj KvR wVKv`v‡ii gva¨‡g

Pyw³ wfwËK kªwgK w`‡q mgvav Kiv n‡e| Gfv‡e eûRvZxK †Kv¤úvbx, †`‡ki eo

eo K‡c©v‡iU nvDm mg~n `ªZ MwZ‡Z wbqwgZ kªwg‡Ki KvR¸‡jv Pyw³wfwËK I

A vqx kªwgK‡`i w`‡q Kwi‡q wb‡Q A_©vr cÖwZôvb Av‡Q wKš‧ KvRwU

AcÖvwZôvwbK n‡q hv‡Q| GB kªwgK‡`i e¨cv‡iI AvBb ¯úó K‡i wKQy e‡jwb|

GKw`‡K AvB‡bi myi¶v ewnf©yZ wekvj AcÖvwZôvwbKLvZ Ab¨w`‡K AvB‡bi

myi¶vq Av‡Q Ggb ai‡Yi KvR mg~n `ªZ MwZ‡Z AvB‡bi myi¶vi evB‡i wb‡q

hvIqvi cÖeYZv| kªwgK Av‡›`vjb I gvbevwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©x‡`i‡K KwVb

P¨v‡jÄ m„wó K‡i‡Q| mKj kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ AvB‡bi myi¶v, b¨vh¨ gRywi Ges

h_vh_ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi wbðqZv PvB G `vex‡Z mKj †U«W BDwbqb I

gvbevwaKvi msMVb‡K GK‡hv‡M KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e `vwqZ¡

wb‡q Ges cÖvwZôvwbK - AcÖvwZôvwbK, bvix-cyil me kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ n‡q

wb‡Ri K_v mw¤§wjZfv‡e wb‡Ri K‡É ejvi Rb¨ mvnmx K‡i Zyj‡Z n‡e|

Zvn‡j kªgRxex gvbyl wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i c_ K‡i wb‡e| cÖwZwôZ Ki‡e

wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi| hy‡M hy‡M ZvivB Ab¨‡`i‡K c_ †`wL‡q‡Q, GB P¨v‡j‡ÄI

Zviv c_ K‡i wb‡eB|

105

- •mq` myjZvb DwÏb Avn¤§`, mnKvix wbe©vnx cwiPvjK, wej&m

106

ivR‣bwZK AwfÁvb I msMVbB AwaKvi

cÖwZôvi g~j nvwZqvi

g‡bvqvi †gv¯dv

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ

A_©bxwZi KvVv‡gvMZ weeZ©‡bi BwZnvm we‡k­lY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq mgvR

K…wlwfwËK A_©bxwZ †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i wkíwfwËK A_©bxwZi c_ a‡i‡Q| mgv‡R

†gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvb I Zvi evRvi `‡ii wbwi‡L GUv mZ¨| †gvU RvZxq

Drcv`b/Av‡q wkí Lv‡Zi Ae`vb †e‡o‡Q, K‡g †M‡Q K…wl Lv‡Zi f~wgKv| K…wl

†_‡K wk‡í Erµg‡Yi Abyl½ wn‡m‡e AeavwiZfv‡eB A_©bxwZ‡Z Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q

Ô†mev LvZÕ| Avw_©K, wk¶v, cÖkvmb, KvwiMix, cwienbmn bvbv ai‡bi †mevÕi

m„wó n‡q‡Q| Gme Lv‡Zi cÖvwZôvwbKxKi‡Yi ga¨w`‡q mgvR I A_©bxwZ bZzb

avivq cÖevwnZ n‡Z ïi K‡i‡Q| wkívqb I bMivqb cÖwµqv †mev Lv‡Zi weKvk

I cÖe„wׇK Z¡ivwšZ K‡i cÖ_vMZ A_©‣bwZK KvVv‡gvi †Lvj-bj‡PB e`‡j

w`‡q‡Q| cÖhyw³MZ Dbœqb GB cÖwµqv‡K Av‡iv †ewk MwZkxj K‡i‡Q|

bvUKxqfv‡e e`‡j †M‡Q Drcv`b cÖwµqv I kªg evRv‡ii mv‡eKx KvVv‡gv I

cwiPvjb c×wZ| Dbwesk kZvwãi wkívq‡bi †Kvb †Pnviv GLb Avi cwð‡gi

†`k¸wj‡Z †bB| Gme †`‡ki RvZxq Drcv`‡b †mev LvZB g~L¨ f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i| Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv, j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi †h me †`k cÖ_vMZ wkívq‡bi c_

a‡i G‡Mvqwb, GKwesk kZvwã‡Z G‡m Zv‡`i †Pnviv Ab¨iKg| cÖhyw³MZ

Dbœqb I •ewk¦K A_©bxwZi mv‡_ bvbv gvÎvi mshy³Zvi d‡j Gme †`‡kI †mev

Lv‡Zi µgea©gvb weKvk j¶¨Yxq gvÎvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq

Drcv`‡b †mev Lv‡Zi Ae`vb kZKiv 50 fvM Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| Z‡e g‡b ivLv

`iKvi Avgv‡`i g‡Zv †`‡ki †mev Lv‡Zi mv‡_ cwð‡gi †`k¸wji †mev Lv‡Zi

†g․wjK Zdvr i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ: wRwWwc‡Z Ae`vb †Kvb eo ai‡Yi Ô†mevÕ †_‡K

Avm‡Q bv eis †QvU-Lv‡Uv cÖwZôvb, cvBKvwi evwYR¨, e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK I

KwgDwbwU †m±i¸‡jvi Ae`vbB †ewk; wØZxqZ, GB Lv‡Z kªg wb‡qvRb N‡U‡Q

A¯vfvweK nv‡i, hvi †ewkifvMB wbgœ gRyixi Ges Kv‡Ri †Kvb wbðqZv ev

wbivcËv †bB|

107

e`‡j †M‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ

weMZ wZb `kK a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ GKUz GKUz K‡i e`‡j †M‡Q| RvZxq

A_©bxwZ K…wl †_‡K wk‡í cÖ‡ek K‡iwb, †mev Lv‡Zi c_ a‡i‡Q| weMZ AvovB

`k‡K wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb kZKiv 42 fvM †_‡K eZ©gv‡b gvÎ 22

fv‡M G‡m uvwo‡q‡Q| wkí Lv‡Zi Ae`vb kZKiv 25 fvM Qvovqwb, Z‡e †mev

LvZ kZKiv 50 fv‡Mi Ic‡i D‡V †M‡Q| K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb K‡g‡Q e‡U Z‡e,

AvbycvwZK nvi we‡ePbvq wb‡j GLv‡b kªg kw³i wb‡qvRb †e‡o †M‡Q| K…wl‡Z

i‡q‡Q †gvU Kg©¶g Rb‡Mvôxi kZKiv 50 fv‡MiI †ewk| K…wl‡Z A_©‣bwZK

Kg©KvÊ K‡g hvIqvi dj¯^iƒc MÖvgv‡ji GK weivU msL¨K Rb‡Mvôx (hv‡`i

wmsnfvMB wbi¶i wKsev A`¶, Avav-`¶) Kv‡Ri my‡hv‡M knig~Lx n‡q‡Q|

MÖvgv‡j wKQyUv AK…wlR †ckvi my‡hvM e„w×10

, DØ„Ë¡ kªgw³i A‡iKwU As‡ki

Kv‡Ri Uv‡b knigyLx nIqv Ges wkívqb bv nIqv11

- cÖavbZ: GB wZbwU Kvi‡Y

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi weKvk Z¡ivwšZ n‡q‡Q|

MÖvgv‡ji cvkvcvwk kn‡i Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q wekvj AvK…wZi GK AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ|

GB Lv‡Z Kg gRywi‡Z Kg©iZ j¶ j¶ kªgRxexi Kg© wbivcËv ej‡Z wKQy †bB|

cvV¨ cy¯‡K ewY©Z weL¨vZ jyBm g‡W‡j †hgbUv ejv n‡q‡Q- cÖ_vMZ MÖvgxY

A_©bxwZ †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i DØ„Ë¡ kªg wb‡qvwRZ n‡Z _vK‡e kn‡ii cyuwRevw`

†m±i¸wj‡Z; GKwU MwZkxj cÖe„w×i aviv Z¡ivwšZ n‡e, GB aviv mgvšivj I

Dj¤ Dfq w`‡KB m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e| gybvdv c~b:wewb‡qvwRZ n‡Z _vK‡e|

evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ †Kvbfv‡eB jyBm g‡Wj wb‡ ©wkZ c_ a‡i AMÖmi nqwb|

kn‡ii AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi e„w× Avi wKQyB bq eis Pjgvb MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi

m¤cÖmviY gvÎ| myZivs mvgwMÖKfv‡e ¯vqxZ¡kxj Kg©ms vb ev‡owb12

| kªg evRvi

10

GB AK…wlR †ckvi weKv‡ki †cQ‡b ¶zy`ªFY-Gi cÖevn wb:m‡›`‡n GK weivU f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q|

eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Ggb †Kvb MÖvg Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv †hLv‡b GK ev GKvwaK ¶zy`ªFY `vbKvwi cÖwZôvb

†bB| GgbwK wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`‡Lv †M‡Q ¶zy`ªFY MÖnYKvixiv GKvwaK cÖwZôvb †_‡K GKvwaK FY MÖnY

Ki‡Qb| ¶zy`ªFY-Gi d‡j Drcvbkxj Kg©KvÛ, ¯vwqZ¡kxj Kg©ms¯vb wKsev K…wl Lv‡Zi KZUv weKvk

N‡U‡Q- Zv cÖkœwe× n‡q‡Q|

11

GKgvÎ •Zix †cvlvK wk‡íi weKvk Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb wkí MZ wZb `k‡K M‡o I‡Vwb| Zv Qvov †h wkí

gvÎ kZKiv 25 fvM g~j-ms‡hvRb K‡i Ges hvi †Kvb cðvr ms‡hvM (backward linkage) †bB, Zv

A‡`․ †Kvb wkí Lv‡Zi gh©v`v cv‡e wKbv †m cÖkœI DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Õ80Õi `k‡Ki ïi †_‡K

KvVv‡gvMZ mgš^q Kg©m~ywPi AvIZvq AvšÍR©vwZK A_©jwMœKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi FY Gi kZ© †gvZv‡eK evwYR¨ I

Avg`vwb D`vwiKi‡Yi d‡j A‡bK ai‡Yi wkí cÖwZôvb wejyß n‡q †M‡Q| GgbwK FY Gi kZ© †gvZv‡eK

miKvi wb‡RB ivóªxq A‡bK eo eo wkí cÖwZôvb eÜ wKsev wejyß K‡i w`‡q‡Q (†hgb Av`gRx cvUKj)|

†gvÏv K_v n‡jv cwiKwíZfv‡eB GLv‡b †Kvb wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv nqwb GgbwK hv wKQy wQ‡jv ZvI

aesm K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|

12

miKwi wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi gvÎ kZKiv 4.2 fvM| Z‡e Qχekx †eKvi‡Z¡i (under

employment) nvi Avmj †eKvi‡Z¡i 6 ¸b- kZKiv 25 fvM|

108

KvVv‡gv‡Z †h cwieZ©b m~PxZ n‡q‡Q Zv †Kvb A_©‣bwZK AMÖMwZi wb‡ ©kK bq|

ZviciI wRwWwc evo‡Q, cÖe„w× NU‡Q- hv‡K nq‡Zv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i

ÔKg©ms¯vbnxb cÖe„w×Õ|

evsjv‡`‡ki kniv‡j AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi weKvk g~jZ: msKzwPZ MÖvgxY

A_©bxwZi dj| GK wn‡me g‡Z AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©ms¯v‡bi nvi kZKiv

78.48 fvM (kªg kw³ Rwic: 2006)| MÖv‡g KvR †bB ZvB, RxweKvi Uv‡b

kn‡i Avmv| GUv g~jZ: GK`j ÔMÖvgxY kiYv_x©'‡K RvqMv K‡i †`Iqv| kn‡ii

e x n‡jv G‡`i emev‡mi RvqMv| GB kiYv_x©‡`i GKUv eo AskB n‡jv bvix,

hviv evmv-evwo‡Z KvR, nKvwi wKsev Kg gRywii Kv‡Ri mv‡_ hy³|

A_©bxwZ I kª‡gi GB cwiewZ©Z aiY ¯^vfvweKfv‡B kªg AwaKvi cÖwZôv wKsev

b¨vh¨ gRywi/gRywi e„w×i Av‡›`vj‡bi Ici we‡klfv‡e cÖfve †d‡j‡Q| cÖ_vMZ

†UªW BDwbqb Av‡›`vj‡bi mvg‡b weivU P¨v‡jÄ Qy‡o w`‡q‡Q|

bZzb P¨v‡jÄ

KZK mywbw`©ó welqMZ k‡Z©i (objective conditions) Kvi‡YB AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z Kg©iZ kªgRxex gvbyl‡K msMwVZ Kiv A_ev †UªW BDwbqbagx© msMVb M‡o

†Zvjvi †¶‡Î cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB Lv‡Zi cwiwa I cÖK…wZi e¨vcKZvi

Kvi‡YB mywbw ©ó GKK j¶¨vwfg~Lxb msMVb M‡o †Zvjv cÖvq Am¤¢e| GLv‡b

mevB kªgRxex n‡jI Drcv`b I Avq e›U‡bi †¶‡Î cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi g‡Zv

wkí-m¤úK© wKsev †mev Lv‡Zi wbqg-bxwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| GLv‡b †QvU †QvU

wkí/KzwUi wkí gvwjK, †QvU cyuwRi e¨emvqx ev "D‡`¨v³vÓ†hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb

i‡q‡Q w`b gRyi, cwienb kªwgK (we‡klZ: wiKmv kªwgK wKsev †QvU AvKv‡ii

cwienb †mevi mv‡_ hy³ kªgRxex) wKsev gvm ev eQi-Pzw³ kªwgK| M„n K‡g©

wb‡qvwRZ bvix wKsev wkï kªwgK I GB Lv‡Zi Ašf©~³| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

we …wZ kni-MÖvg Dfq RvqMv‡ZB- K…wl-g¨byd¨KPvwis-†mev- meLv‡bB GB

Lv‡Zi Dcw wZ i‡q‡Q| GB Lv‡Z Kg©iZ‡`i g‡a¨ bvix GKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨

Ask| G‡Zv e¨vcKZv I cÖK…wZMZ •ewPÎ _vKv ¯^‡Ë¡I KZK¸wj mvaviY •ewkó¨

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi cÖwZ cwÊZeM©, mgvRKgx© I ivRbxwZwe`‡`i g‡a¨ AvMÖn

m„wó K‡i‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv- Kv‡Ri AwbðqZv, wbgœ Avq ev gRywi,

SuzwKc~Y© KvR (KZK¸wj we‡kl †ckvi †¶‡Î- †hgb, wbg©vY kªwg‡Ki KvR), †h

†Kvb ai‡Yi wkí ev kªg AvB‡bi Abycw wZ BZ¨vw`| myZivs GB •ewkó¨¸wji

Kvi‡YB ivR‣bwZK `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K cÖ_‡gB GB Lv‡Z †UªW BDwbqbagx© msMVb

M‡o †Zvjv ev mvgwMÖKfv‡e LvZwU‡K kªg AvB‡bi KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ wb‡q Avmvi

`vwe DÌvwcZ nq| wKš‧ ev ‡e cÖ_vMZ †UªW BDwbqb agx© msMVb A‡bK †¶‡ÎB

Kvh©Ki bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk|

109

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ašf~©³ †ckvmg~‡ni •ewkó¨ I •ewP‡Îi Kvi‡Y GKK †Kvb

wm×vš Pvwc‡q †`Iqv hvq bv| ZvQvov †Kvb †Kvb we‡kl †ckvq wb‡qvwRZiv

BwZg‡a¨B kw³kvjx msMVb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| AwfÁZvq †`Lv †M‡Q †mBme †ckvi

kªgRxexivB cÖ_gZ: msMVb M‡o Zzj‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h me †ckvi mv‡_ mivmwi ivóª

wKsev AvBbx Kv‡Vv‡gvi msNvZ Awbevh© n‡q D‡V‡Q; †hgb wiKmv kªwgK, kn‡ii

nKvi, †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î ew¯evwm hviv A‣eafv‡e miKvwi wKsev †emiKvwi

RqMv `Lj K‡i emwZ vcb K‡i‡Q| wØZxqZ: ivR‣bwZK `j¸wjI †Kvb †Kvb

†¶‡Î AMÖmi f~wgKv wb‡q G ai‡Yi †Kvb †ckvi gvbyl‡K msMwVZ K‡i‡Q; †hgb

MÖvgxY †¶Z gRyi-w`bgRyi‡`i msMVb| Z‡e j¶¨Yxq †h, Dfq †¶‡ÎB

ivR‣bwZK `‡ji f~wgKv ¸iZ¡c~Y©| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z we`¨gvb †UªW

BDwbqbagx© Gme msMV‡bi ivR‣bwZK QÎQvqvq M‡W IVvi d‡j ivR‣bwZK `j

hw`I †ewk jvfevb n‡q‡Q, Z_vwc GK_v A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB †h, msMVb

wn‡m‡e ZvivI wKQyUv `iKlvKwli ¶gZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| g~j avivi evB‡iI Gme

†ckvq GKvwaK msMVb i‡q‡Q †h¸wj wVK `jxq wb‡ ©kbvq cwiPvwjZ bv n‡jI

†Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e i¨vwWK¨vj ivR‣bwZK Av`k© Øviv ZvwoZ| kªgRxex gvby‡li

Pzovš gyw³ i¨vwWK¨vj gZv`k© I ivR‣bwZK `j Qvov m¤¢e wK-bv †m Av‡jvPbv

ev weZK© †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB Gme msMV‡bi g~j G‡RÊv wn‡m‡e D‡V Av‡mwb|

ivR‣bwZK QÎQvqvq M‡o IVv GB me msMV‡bi evB‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z

Ab¨vb¨ AmsL¨ †hme †ckv i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b Kg©iZ‡`i wK H GKBfv‡e msMwVZ

Kiv hv‡e? mvsMVwbK cÖwµqv I Kg©-c×wZ wK GKB iKg n‡e? ivR‣bwZK `j

I mgvR Kgx©‡`i (social activist) mvg‡b GUv GKUv P¨v‡jÄ| RxweKvi w`K

w`‡q G‡Kev‡i cÖvwšK Ae¯v‡b hviv i‡q‡Qb, †hgb M„n kªwgK, kû‡i cvb-wewo

we‡µZv, SvwK‡Z kvK-ZiKvwi we‡µZv, Ae‡nwjZ `wjZ Rb‡Mvôxi GKwU

e„n`vsk, N‡i e‡m †mjvB wKsev kvwo‡Z KviKvR K‡i wewµ K‡i †h bvixiv-

Zv‡`i‡K wKfv‡e msMwVZ Kiv hv‡e? GgbwK hviv wf¶ve„wˇZ wb‡qvwRZ hv‡`i

GKwU eo AskB Avevi kvixwiK cÖwZe›Øx- G‡`‡i‡K msMwVZ Kivi cÖwµqv wK

n‡e? G ai‡Yi AmsL¨ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ gvbyl †h ïay A_©‣bwZKfv‡e cÖvwšK

wKsev kªg-gRywi †kvl‡Yi wkKvi Zv-B bq, Zviv †g․wjK gvbevwaKvi †_‡KI

ewÂZ; iv‡óªi bvMwiK wn‡m‡eI AwaKvsk †¶‡Î bvMwiK I mvsweavwbK AwaKvi,

ivóªxq my‡hvM-myweav I we`¨gvb mvgvwRK myi¶v cÖK‡íi evB‡i|

bZzb cix¶v-wbix¶vi D‡`¨vM

Pjgvb wek¦ A_©bxwZi KvVv‡gv I cÖwµqv Drcv`b, eÈb I kªgevRv‡ii Ici †h

cÖfve †d‡j‡Q Zv †Kej kªg AwaKvi‡KB Le© K‡iwb eis wecyj msL¨K kªgRxexi

Rxeb-RxweKv‡K `ywe©mn Ae¯vi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡q‡Q| wbgœ gRyix, avivevwnK

110

Kv‡Ri AwbðqZv, Kg© wbivcËvnxbZv I †f․MwjK wewQbœZv- †UªW BDwbqbagx©

msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi c‡_ gvivZ¥K evuavi m„wó K‡i‡Q|

Z‡e j¶Yxq welq n‡jv, wfbœ Avw½‡K †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

kªgRxexiv msMwVZ n‡Q| Partnership of Women in Action (PaWA)Õi

D‡`¨v‡M 5 wU msMVb XvKv kn‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgRxex bvix‡`i msMwVZ

Ki‡Q| GB msMVb¸wj ¯^ ¯^ Kg© GjvKvq kªgRxex bvix‡`i msMwVZ K‡i

mgevqx D‡`¨v‡Mi c‡_ wb‡q Avmvi cÖ‡Póv n‡Z wb‡q‡Q| wewfbœ `¶Zv e„w× g~jK

cÖwk¶Y †`Iqvi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i‡K ivR‣bwZK I mvgwRK AwaKvi m‡PZb

K‡i †Zvjvi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡q‡Q| GBme msM‡Vbi m`m¨iv g~jZ: cÖvwšK

Rb‡MvôxiB Ask- †KD †mjvB-Gi KvR K‡i, †KDev SuvwK‡Z mwâ wewµ K‡i,

†KD Avevi evmv-evwo‡Z KvR K‡i| G‡`i †ewkifv‡MiB Avw_©K Ae¯v Ggb †h

cÖvwZôvwbK wKsev GbwRI‡`i ¶z`ªFY †bevi my‡hvMI G‡`i †bB| GKKfv‡e

wU‡K _vKvi mvg_© G‡`i Kv‡iviB †bB| msMVb ZvB Zv‡`i‡K †h․_Zvi PP©vi

w`‡K AMÖmi Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| ¶z`ª ¶y`ª mgevqx D‡M¨v‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡`i

AvcvZ: A_©‣bwZK wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi cÖ‡Póv nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q msMVb¸wj|

Ab¨w`‡K †bZ…Z¡ Dbœqb I mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZv m„wói Rb¨ bvbv ai‡Yi

cÖwk¶Y I mfv-mgv‡ek-Gi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Q| b~¨bZg A_©‣bwZK wbivcËv I

AwaKvi m‡PZbZv- G `y'‡qi GK cix¶v-wbix¶v Pj‡Q msMVb¸wj‡Z| cvIqv

g~jZ: GB msMVb¸wji GKwU †bUIqvK©| Kvh©‡¶‡Î G‡KK msMV‡bi AwfÁZv

G‡KK iK‡gi| cvi¯úwiK AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi ga¨ w`‡q Zviv AMÖmi n‡Q|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi bvix kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ Kiv, AwaKvi m‡PZb Kiv I

A_©‣bwZK wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î fvi‡Zi Self-employed Women’s

Association (SEWA)Õi f~wgKv mviv we‡k¦ GK D`vniY m„wó K‡i‡Q| kªgRxex

bvix‡`i ¶gZvq‡bi †¶‡Î SEWA GK Abb¨ D`vniY m„wó K‡i‡Q| cvIqvi

m`m¨ msMVb¸wj SEWAÕi KvR¸wji mv‡_ cwiwPZ| msMVb¸wji GK`j

m`m¨ fvi‡Z wM‡q SEWAÕi KvR m‡iRwg‡b †`‡L G‡m‡Q| GB md‡ii

AwfÁZv I Dcjwä Zv‡`i Kv‡R h‡_ô Qvc †d‡j‡Q| ÔcvIqvÕ wbqwgZfv‡e

SEWAÕi mv‡_ gZwewbgq I †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i P‡j| SEWA QvovI Ab¨vb¨

†`‡ki AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi cÖK…wZ I kªgRxex‡`i msMwVZ Kivi cÖwµqvi mv‡_I

cvIqv ax‡i ax‡i cwiwPZ n‡q DV‡Q|

cvIqvi D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ GB mvsMVwbK cÖwµqv wb:m‡›`‡n kªgRxex gvbyl‡K

msMwVZ Kivi GK wfbœagx© cÖqvm| Z‡e me‡P‡q eo P¨‡jÄ m¤¢eZ: e¨w³-wbf©i

mvgvwRK gb Ë¡, hvi exR cÖvš Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨I Mfxifv‡e †M Övw_Z|

GKKfv‡e wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡ev bv †R‡bI, †h․_Zvi cÖwZ Abxnv| `vwi`ª¨-

111

we‡ivax wKsev AwaKvi cÖwZôvi jovB‡q cyuwRZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri GB e¨w³evw`

gb Ë¡B m¤¢eZ eo euvav|

†kl bq, g~j K_v

Õ¶gZvqbÕ- aviYvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨B n‡jv, mKj ai‡Yi wbf©ikxjZv †_‡K gyw³-

A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK GgbwK eyw×e„wËK| msMwVZ nIqv wKsev

mvsMVwbK cÖwµqvi †Kvb GKK aiY (unique form) _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| cwiw wZ

I cÖ‡qvR‡bi wbwi‡L Zv wfbœ wfbœ iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i| cwiewZ©Z Av_©-mvgvwRK

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgRxex gvbyl‡K msMwVZ Kivi bZzb ai‡Yi Kg© cÖwµqvi

cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| ivR‣bwZK I mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖvš Rb‡Mvôxi

Rxeb-RxweKvi we‡k­lY I ¶gZvqb c_ wbiƒc‡b Zv‡`iB g~L¨ f~wgKv cvjb

Ki‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZv I †h․_ †bZ…Z¡ Qvov cÖvš I

Aiw¶Z GB kªgRxex †Mvôxi gyw³ Am¤¢e| †h․_ AbymÜvb I ÔAvZ¥‡cvjwäÕB GB

cÖwµqvi g~j gš¿| kªgRxex gvbyl AvZ¥-AbymÜv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡`i Rxeb-

gvb, kw³ I ¶gZv m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©b Ki‡e| wbR¯ ivR‣bwZK AwfÁvb I

msMVbB n‡e AwaKvi cÖwZôvi g~j nvwZqvi|

- g‡bvqvi †gv —dv: M‡elYv cwiPvjK, †Wfjc‡g›U wmbvwR© Bbw÷wUDU

112

evsjv‡`‡k bvix kªwg‡Ki †UªW BDwbq‡b

m¤ú„³Zv: †Km wbg©vY I PvZvj kªwgK

gyRxeyj Avbvg, G. wU. Gg. mvBdzj­vn †g‡n`x Ges

W. †iRIqvb †nv‡mb f~uBqv

f~wgKv:

evsjv‡`‡k kªwgK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ Kg©iZ †UªW BDwbq‡bi BwZnvm

`xN©Kv‡ji| kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi Av`vq, •elg¨, †kvlY, wbcxob Kwg‡q Kg©‡¶Î

wKfv‡e kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ Av‡iv Kg©mnvqK Kiv hvq Zvi Rb¨ †UªW BDwbq‡bi

¸iZ¡ Acwimxg| †UªW BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g M„nxZ wm×vš kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi

Av`v‡q KvR K‡i GKw`‡K †hgb kªg kw³i mPjZvi gva¨‡g RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z

Ae`vb iv‡L| GKB mv‡_ iv‡óªi bvMwiK wn‡m‡e kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q KvR

K‡i iv‡óªi A_©bxwZK Kvh©µg‡K MwZkxj K‡i| bvix kªwgKiv kªgkw³i GKwU

eo †hvMvb †`b, hv kªg Pvwn`vi cÖvq A‡a©K c~iY K‡i| wKš‧ kªg kw³i GB

weivU As‡ki mv‡_ †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jvi †hvMv‡hvM †bB| hv bvix kªwgK‡`i

AwaKvi cÖm‡½ bxwZgvjv cÖYqb wKsev ev¯ evq‡b msKU‡KB Zz‡j a‡i| 1975Õ

cieZ©x mg‡q bvix `kK †NvlYv nevi ci evsjv‡`kmn Z…Zxq we‡k¦i

†`k¸‡jv‡Z †hLv‡b bvixi ¶gZvq‡bi K_v ejv n‡Q †mLv‡b MÖvgxY bvix

¶y`ª&&FY Kvh©µg wKsev miKvwi †emiKvwi ms¯vi wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g

Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ê Zv‡`i AskMÖnY evwo‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b kªwgK bvixi AskMÖnY

†KejgvÎ kªg cÖ`v‡bi g‡a¨B mxgve× n‡q i‡q‡Q| hv GKB mv‡_ Dbœqb

Kvh©µg‡K msKUvcbœ K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB kªg kw³i GB weivU As†ki †UªW

BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ mshyw³ †`Lv Riix| evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb M‡elYv KvR¸‡jv‡Z

Kg©Rxex bvixi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯v (gRyg`vi, 1992); cwiev‡i Zv‡`i Ae¯vb

(Kwei, 2001); •elg¨ (wejm&, 2006) GmKj wel‡q KvR n‡jI †UªW BDwbq‡b

bvixi AskMÖnY wel‡q †Zgb D‡j­L‡hvM¨ †Kvb KvR nq wb| G †cÖ¶vc‡U wbg©vY

I PvZvj kªgLv‡Z †UªW BDwbqb welqK ch©v‡jvPbvi ga¨ w`‡q G cÖe‡Ü

evsjv‡`‡ki bvix kªwg‡Ki †UªW BDwbqb welqK m¤ú„³Zv msKU I m¤¢ebvi

†¶‡Î- GKwU cÖ vebv Zz‡j aiv n‡e|

f~wgKv I cÖeÜ †cÖ¶vcU ev` w`‡q cÖeÜwU †gvU PviwU As‡k wef³| cÖeÜ

†cÖ¶vc‡U AwaKvi Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î †UªW BDwbq‡bi ¸iZ¡‡K Zz‡j aivi †Póv Kiv

113

n‡q‡Q| wØZxq As‡k evsjv‡`‡k †UªW BDwbqb bvixi AskMÖn‡Yi welqwUi GKwU

HwZnvwmK ch©v‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡e| Z…Zxq As‡k wbg©vY I PvZvj Lv‡Z

wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i msMV‡bi ev¯weK wPÎ I ¸i‡Z¡i welq¸‡jv Zz‡j aiv n‡e

Ges PZz_© As‡k †UªW BDwbq‡bi AskMÖnY I bvix †bZ…‡Z¡i msKU welqK

Av‡jvPbv Zz‡j aiv n‡e| me©‡kl As‡k †UªW Dcmsnvi I cÖeÜKvi‡`i cÖ¯vebv

mycvwik Zz‡j aiv n‡e|

1. cÖeÜ †cÖ¶vcU:

evsjv‡`k BwbwówUDU Ae †jevi ÷¨vwWRm (BILS), 2006-2007 mv‡j

AcÖwZôvwbK kªgLv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Av_©mvgvwRK I mvsMVwbK Ae¯v wb‡q GKwU

M‡elYv K‡i| D³ M‡elYvq cÖeÜKviØq M‡elK wnmv‡e KvR K‡ib|

M‡elYvKvjxb AwfÁZv, †UªW BDwbq‡b bvix kªwg‡Ki m¤ú„³Zv; we‡klZ¡,

AcÖwZôvwbK kªgLv‡Z msMVb I bvix kªwg‡Ki m¤ú„³Zvi welqwU wb‡q fve‡Z

mvnvh¨ K‡i| G †cÖ¶vc‡U, mywbw`ófv‡e (Specific) AcÖwZôvwbK kªgLv‡Zi

wbg©vY I PvZvj kªwgK wb‡q G cÖeÜwU iwPZ n‡jI bvix kªwg‡Ki †UªW BDwbq‡b m¤ú„³Zv

welqK GKwU mvaviY (General) Av‡jvPbv G cÖe‡Üi eo GKUv Ask Ry‡o _vK‡e|

Gi KviY wnmv‡e nqZ wj½xq •el‡g¨i ¯^ic m¤úwK©Z GKRb bvix †UªW

BDwbqb Kg©xi wb‡Ri AwfÁZv Zz‡j aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Ômviv `ywbqv, Avgvi wei‚‡× GBfv‡e †h, Avwg hLb kªwgK wn‡m‡e gRywii

Rb¨ jovB Kwi, kªwg‡Ki AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ jovB Kwi; ZLb me gvwjKiv

Avgvi wei‚‡×|

hLb bvix wn‡m‡e bvixi AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ jovB Kwi, ZLb me cyi‚liv

Avgvi wei‚‡×;

myZivs bvix kªwgK wn‡m‡e cy‡iv wek¦B Avgvi wei‚‡×|Õ

gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi †UªW BDwbqb Av‡›`vj‡b (1884) wbh©vZ‡b gviv hvwQj Ggb

GKRb bvix kªwgK Zvi mnhvÎx‡K GKwU wPwV‡Z Dc‡ii Dw³wU wj‡LwQ‡jb|

GKRb bvix kªwgK wn‡m‡e gvwK©b GB bvixi Dw³wU eZ©gvbKvi bvix kªwgK‡`i

Rb¨I mZ¨| bvix wn‡m‡e Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKiv bvbv eÂbv, •elg¨,

AmgZvi wkKvi n‡q _v‡Kb| GB •elg¨, AmgZv¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i we¯„Z nq|

kªwgK wn‡m‡e gvwj‡Ki gva¨‡g GKB mv‡_ EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v, mnKg©©xi Øviv bvbv

•el‡g¨i wkKvi nq| GwU Av‡iv †ewk nq hLb kªwgK wn‡m‡e bvix KvR K‡i|

GKRb bvix kªwgK wn‡m‡e •ØZ †kvl‡Yi wkKvi nb| GKB mv‡_ kªwgK wn‡m‡e

†m †kªYx †kvlY Ges bvix wn‡m‡e †m wj½xq †kvl‡Yi wkKvi nq| K‡g©© wb‡qvwRZ

114

bvix †Kej Kg©‡¶‡ÎB •el‡g¨i wkKvi nbbv GKB mv‡_ cwiev‡ii g‡a¨I

•el‡g¨i wkKvi nb|

cÖvwZôvwbK kªgLv‡Z, †UªW BDwbqb kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi Av`v‡qi K_v e‡j wKš‧

†mLv‡b bvix kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi wel‡q †Zgb D‡j­L‡hvM¨ D‡`¨vM †`Lv hvq bv|

Gi KviY wn‡m‡e eûj cÖPwjZ gZvgZ n‡jv- †UªW BDwbq‡b bvix †bZ…‡Z¡i

Afve| d‡j AwaKvi Av`v‡q, •el‡g¨i `~ixKi‡Y wb‡qvwRZ †UªW BDwbq‡bB

ÔAwaKvi cÖkœÕ D‡cw¶Z _v‡K| cÖvwZôvwbK kªgLv‡Zi †UªW BDwbqb Gi hLb

GiKg cwiw¯wZ, ZLb Lye mn‡RB AcÖvwZôvwbK kªgLv‡Zi bvixi Ae¯v Dcjwä

Kiv hvq| Avevi †Lv` †UªW BDwbqb wb‡qB mvaviY gvbyl †Zv e‡UB kªwgK‡`i

g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q Av¯vnxbZv| evsjv‡`‡ki †UªW BDwbq‡bi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv

Ki‡j welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó nq|

2.1. evsjv‡`k I †UªW BDwbqb13

:

¯^vaxbZvi c‡i evsjv‡`‡k 1972 mv‡j cÖ_g kªgbxwZ †NvlYv Kiv nq| wKš‧

Awbevh© Kvi‡Y Zv Avevi cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bqv nq| 1973 mv‡j miKvi kªwgK I

Kg©Pvix‡`i Rb¨ (Industrial Workers Wages Commission & Pay

Commission) MVb K‡i ivóªvqË wkí kªwgK‡`i gRywi wba©viY, †evbvm, wPwKrmv

fvZv, evwofvov fvZv, hvZvqvZ fvZv I QywU msµvš mycvwikgvjv MÖnY K‡i|

kªwgK‡`i‡K ¸iZ¡ w`‡q kªwgK jxM MVb Kiv nq| G mgq kªwgK Av‡›`vjb

`jxq ivR‣bwZK Av‡›`vjb wn‡m‡e †`Lv nq Ges cÖvq cÖwZwU ivR‣bwZK `j

GKwU K‡i kªwgK msMVb M‡o †Zv‡j| d‡j †ckv`vi kªwgK †bZvi ¯‡j

ivR‣bwZK mg_©bcyó kªwgK †bZvi Avwef©ve N‡U| `jxq †Kv›`j I `jxq bxwZi

d‡j wkív‡j nvbvnvwb, gvivgvwi †`Lv †`q hvi d‡j Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq Ges

†UªW BDwbq‡bi mybvg ¶~Yœ nq| 1975 mv‡j †h wkí m¤úK© (†i¸‡jkb)

Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi nq Zv‡Z bZzb †UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR‡óªkb eÜ, BDwbqb Kvh©Kix

KwgwU‡Z ewnivMZ‡`i Ašf©~w³i wb‡lavÁv, K‡cv©‡ikb Ges Avav ¯^vqËkvwmZ

cÖwZôvbmg~‡n †UªW BDwbqb Kvh©Kjv‡ci Dci wewa-wb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv nq|

1979 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m RvZxqZvev`x kªwgK `j AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| 1977

mv‡j 20 †k RyjvB GK wbe©vnx Av‡`‡k †UªW BDwbqbmg~‡ni †iwR‡÷ªkb cÖ`vb I

wmweG wba©viYx wbev©Pb Abyôv‡bi Dci Av‡ivwcZ wewa wb‡la cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq|

wKš‧ †m±i K‡c©v‡ikb I Avav ¯^vqËkvwmZ ms¯vmg~‡ni †UªW BDwbqb Kvh©Kjvc

wbwl× _v‡K| 1980 mv‡j miKvi kªgbxwZ †NvlYv K‡i| G‡Z †UªW BDwbqb

13

G As‡ki cwimsL¨vbMZ DcvË evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii kªg gš¿vYj‡qi I‡qemvBU

(http://www.mole.gov.bd/) †_‡K msM„nxZ|

115

Av‡›`vjb, ag©NU I jK-AvD‡Ui AwaKvi wdwi‡q †`qv nq| 1982 mv‡j cybivq

†UªW BDwbqb ZrciZv wbwl× Kiv nq Ges 1975 mv‡ji gZ 1982 mv‡jI

wkím¤úK© (†i¸‡jkb) Aa¨v‡`k cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq| miKv‡ii GB †UªW BDwbqb

`gbcxo‡bi wei‡× 1983 mv‡j kªwgK Kg©Pvix HK¨ cwil`(¯‥c) MwVZ nq|

1984 mv‡j miKvi ¯‥‡ci mv‡_ Pzw³ Ki‡Z eva¨ nq, GB Pzw³i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z

1985 mv‡j 15 B gvP© wkím¤úK© Aa¨v‡`k I kªwgK wb‡qvM ( vqx Av‡`k)

AvBb ms‡kvwaZ nq| G ms‡kvabxi D‡j­L‡hvM¨ weavb n‡jv- AcmvwiZ kªwgK

¯vbxq ch©v‡q †UªW BDwbq‡bi Kg©KZ©v n‡Z cvi‡e; †UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR‡óªkb

evwZ‡ji ¶gZv kªg Av`vjZ‡K cÖ`vb; m¤§wZ Qvov †KvbI †UªW BDwbqb

Kg©KZ©v‡K e`wj Kiv hv‡e bv; AcmvwiZ kªwgK‡`i Avw_©K myweav cÖ`vb|

1982 mvj n‡Z 1990 mgqKv‡j 1630 wU bZzb †UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR‡óªkb

†`qv nq hvi m`m¨ msL¨v wQj 6,72,960 Rb| RvZxq kªwgK cvwU© G mg‡q wkí

KviLvbvq cÖvavb¨ we¯ vi K‡i| G †dWv‡ik‡bi 279 wU †ewmK †UªW BDwbqb

Ašf©y³ wQ‡jv hvi m`m¨ msL¨v wQj 1,21,909 Rb| c¶vš‡i evsjv‡`k

RvZxqZvev`x kªwgK `‡ji m‡½ gvÎ 35 wU †ewmK BDwbqb Ašf©~³ wQj, hvi

m`m¨ msL¨v wQ‡jv 42,634 Rb| 1991 n‡Z 1995 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gvm ch©š

evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x kªwgK `‡ji Ašf©~³ †ewmK BDwbq‡bi msL¨v †e‡o

`uvovq 218 wU hvi m`m¨ msL¨v 2,09,748 Rb| GKBfv‡e 1996 mv‡ji c‡i

kªwgK jx‡Mi †ewmK BDwbq‡bi msL¨v evo‡Z _v‡K|

G‡¶‡Î e‡j †bqv fvj 1975 mv‡ji ivR‣bwZK cvjve`j Ges mvgwiK kvmb

Rvwi nq Ges †UªW BDwbqb Kvh©µ‡gi Dci wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc Kiv nq|

cieZ©x‡Z Zv Zz‡j †bqv nq| 1981-1982 mgqKv‡jI A‡bK †iwRwóªK…Z †UªW

BDwbqb ev` c‡o| 1981 mv‡j eQ‡ii ïi‡Z 3,616 wU BDwbqb wQj †mLv‡b

eQi †k‡l BDwbqb msL¨v `uvovq 3,533wU| 1982 mvj †k‡l 1487wU BDwbqb

ev` c‡o BDwbqb msL¨v uvovq 2156 hvi m`m¨ msL¨v wQj 9,46,048 Rb|

1984 mv‡j 519 wU bZzb †UªW BDwbqb †iwRwóªK…Z nq Ges ev` c‡o 171 wU

BDwbqb d‡j eQi †k‡l BDwbqb msL¨v uvovq 2488wU Ges m`m¨msL¨v

10,75,496 Rb| 1985 †_‡K 1989 mgqKv‡j bZzb †iwRwóªK…Z BDwbqb

msL¨v µgk evo‡Z _v‡K Ges 1989 mv‡ji †k‡l BDwbqb msL¨v `uvovq 3908

wU hvi m`m¨msL¨v 15,17,567 Rb| 1990 mv‡j †iwRwóK…Z BDwbq‡bi Zzjbvq

ev` cov BDwbq‡bi cwigvY †ewk wQj A_©vr GeQi BDwbqb msL¨v c~‡e©i eQ‡ii

Zzjbvq K‡g hvq| d‡j 1990Õi †k‡l BDwbqb msL¨v †e‡o nq 3,789 wU hvi

m`m¨ msL¨v 16,19,008 Rb| 1991 †_‡K 1996 mgqKv‡j BDwbqb msL¨v

evo‡ZB _v‡K Ges 1996 mv‡ji †k‡l Zvi cwigvb uvovq 5,178 wU hvi m`m¨

msL¨v 17,30,927 Rb| 1996 †_‡K 2001 mgqKv‡j bZzb †iwRwóªK…Z

116

BDwbqb evo‡Z _v‡K GKBmv‡_ G mgq A‡bK BDwbqb ev` c‡o| 2001

mv‡ji †k‡l BDwbqb msL¨v uvovq 6304 wU hvi m`m¨msL¨v 19,73,125 Rb|

2002 †_‡K 2005 mgqKv‡j wKQ~ BDwbqb ev` covi c‡iI †gvU BDwbqb

msL¨v †e‡o `uvovq 6,777wU, hvi m`m¨ msL¨v 21,31,800 Rb14

|

2.2. †UªW BDwbqb I bvixi AskMÖnY:

•ewk¦K †cÖ¶vc‡U †UªW BDwbqb mv‡_ bvixi mshyw³ `xN© w`‡bi n‡jI bvix †UªW

BDwbq‡bi bwRi cvIqv hvq Dwbk kZ‡K G‡m| 1903 mv‡j bvix †UªW BDwbqb

jxM (WTUL) cÖwZwôZ nq| 1903 mv‡j bvixi †ckvMZ Ae¯vi Dbœqb I

wbivcËv Ges kªwgK Av‡›`vj‡b bvix‡`i Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ GB BDwbqb

cÖwZwôZ nq| 1907 †_‡K 1922 mv‡ji g‡a¨ WTUL wKQz AvBbvbyM e¨e¯vi

¯^xK…wZ‡K mvg‡b Av‡b| hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q •`wbK AvU N›Uv Kg©mgq, b~¨bZg

gRyix Ges wkï kªg eÜ Kiv| GB jx‡Mi gva¨‡g bvixiv mn‡R †UªW BDwbq‡b

cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i, cÖwk¶YcÖvß bvixiv BDwbq‡bi g‡a¨B †bZ…Z¡ ¯vbxq RvqMvq

hvIqvi my‡hvM cvq GgbwK †UªW BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ hy³ †eKvi bvix‡`i‡K

mvgwqKfv‡e mnvqZv Ki‡ZI cv‡i (Orleck, 1995; Foner, 1979)|

AwaKvi Av`v‡qi cÖ‡kœ mw¤§wjZfv‡e hZ ZvovZvwo Kiv m¤¢e e¨w³Kfv‡e ZZ

ZvovZvwo Kiv m¤¢eci nqbv| kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi Av`v‡q †RvUe×Zvi

Kvh©KvixZvi Kvi‡YB ILO n‡ZI †UªW BDwbqb I mwgwZ MV‡bi ¯vaxbZv‡K

Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| 1969 m‡bi wkím¤úK© Aa¨v‡`‡ki aviv-3 Abymv‡i mKj kªwg‡Ki

wb‡R‡`i cQ›`gZ mwgwZ/†UªW BDwbqb cÖwZôv Ges mwgwZ‡Z †hvM`v‡bi

AwaKvi _vK‡e| miKvi (2006) Gi g‡Z, bvix‡K GKB mv‡_ cvwievwiK

`vwq‡Z¡i cvkvcvwk Kg©‡¶‡Îi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| Zv‡`i‡K Kg©‡¶‡Î mgq

†`qvi c‡i evwo‡Z mgq w`‡Z nq| d‡j Zviv †UªW BDwbq‡b †Zgb mgq w`‡Z

cv‡ibv| GKB mv‡_ Kg©‡¶Î, Avevm j I BDwbqb Awd‡mi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK

`~iZ¡ †ewk nIqvq GK ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgšqnxbZv †`Lv hvq d‡j bvixi

AskMÖnY †bB ej‡jB P‡j| evsjv‡`‡k †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jv‡Z bvix m`m¨ Lye

Kg| GKBfv‡e †bZ…Z¡ ch©v‡qI bvix kªwg‡Ki msL¨v Kg| †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jv

kªwgK Av‡›`vj‡b Ggb me Bmy¨ wb‡q KvR K‡i †hLv‡b bvix welqK `vex `vIqv

KLbB cÖavb we‡ePbvq _v‡K bv| d‡j bvix welqK Bmy¨¸‡jv KLbB we‡ePbvq

Av‡mbv| †nv‡mb (2006) evsjv‡`‡k AmsMwVZ LvZ wn‡m‡e wbg©vY Lv‡Zi †UªW

BDwbqb Zv‡Z kªwgK‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡ib| Zvi g‡Z, †UªW

14

1973-2005 mvj ch©šÍ †UW BDwbq‡bi cwimsL¨vbMZ DcvË Rvb‡Z kªg gš¿vYj‡qi

I‡qemvBU (http://www.mole.gov.bd/) †`Lyb|

117

BDwbqb¸‡jv‡Z bvixi AskMÖnY cÖ‡kœ kªwgK‡`i fvmgvb Ae¯v‡KB `vqx Kiv

nq| wKš‧ †UªW BDwbqb msMwVZ nIqvi †¶‡Î †KejgvÎ kªwgK‡`i fvmgvb

Ae¯vB `vqx bv| GKB mv‡_ kªwgK‡`i wk¶vMZ Ae¯v I m‡PZbZvi Afve

Ges wi‡qj G‡÷U †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jvi gvwjKmg~‡ni cÖfve ¸iZ¡c~Y©| Zv †hgb

†bZ…Z¡ ch©v‡qi †¶‡Î mZ¨ †Zgwb gvV ch©v‡qi †¶‡ÎI mZ¨| Z‡e Ab¨vb¨

AmsMwVZ †m±‡ii gZ evsjv‡`‡k wbg©vY †¶‡ÎI †UªW BDwbqb M‡o D‡V‡Q|

eZ©gv‡b 40wU †Rjvq kªwgK BDwbqb i‡q‡Q Ges †gvU wbg©vY kªwg‡Ki 10% †UªW

BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ (†nv‡mb, 2006)|

1903 mv‡j bvix †UªW BDwbqb jxM (WTUL) MwVZ n‡jI evsjv‡`‡k †UªW

BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ bvixi hy³Zv cÖvq GK `k‡Ki| cÖ_g w`‡K †UªW BDwbq‡b

bvixi AskMÖnY‡K †Zgb ¸iZ¡ bv w`‡jI GLb †`qv nq| Zvic‡iI bvixi

AskMÖnY A‡bK Kg| evsjv‡`‡k 1999 mvj ciewZ© mg‡q evsjv‡`k

Bbw÷wUDU Ae †jevi ÷vwWR (wejm&) Gi Øviv cwiPvwjZ Ôbvix Dbœqb c`‡¶cÕ

cÖwk¶Y Gi ga¨ w`‡q †UªW BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ bvixi hy³Zv MwZ cvq (wejm&,

2006)|

1969 mv‡ji wkí AvBb Abyhvqx kªwgKiv †UªªW BDwbqb MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k bvix kª‡gi eZ©gvb Ae¯v m¤úwK©Z M‡elYv Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q Lv‡qi

I Lvb (2002) †`Lvb †h, bvix kªwgK‡`i g‡Z AwaKvsk Kg©‡¶‡Î †UªW BDwbqb

Kvh©µg‡K MÖnY Kiv nq bv| †UªW BDwbqb welqK Kg©KvʇK iwnZ Kiv nq|

Kwei (2001) †`Lvb †h evsjv‡`‡k †cvkvK wk‡í bvixi Ašf©~w³ AwZ `ªZ

MwZ‡Z I wecyj cwigv‡b e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wZwb e‡jb, hw`Iev A_©‣bwZK Kvi‡Y

bvixi AskMÖnY †e‡o‡Q wKš‧ Zvi GB Ašf©~w³ GKB mv‡_ A_©‣bwZK I

mvs¯‥…wZK welq Øviv wba©vwiZ nq|

PZz_© cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv‡Z (1990-1995) cÖ_g mKj Av_©-mvgvwRK cwim‡i

wj½xq •elg¨ `~i Kiv Ges Dbœq‡bi g~javiv‡Z bvixi m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi K_v ejv

nq| G cwiKíbv‡Z bvix welq‡K m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z myô K‡qKwU aviv MÖnY Kiv

nq| hvi g~j K_v wQj-bvix‡`i‡K Av_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi g~javivq, RvZxq I

¯vbxq ch©v‡qi cvewjK †m±‡ii wm×vš M Ön‡Y bvixi AskMÖnY evov‡bv| GKB

mv‡_ Dbœqb †`k¸‡jv‡Z `vZv ms¯v n‡Z ïi K‡i we‡`kx mvnvh¨`vZviv

Dbœqb‡K Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z †Rvi †`b AskMÖnY‡K|

bvixi ivR‣bwZK ¶gZvq‡bi j‡¶¨ 1997 mv‡j cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gvi Z…Yg~j

msMVb BDwbqb cwil‡` msiw¶Z Avm‡b mivmwi †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wbe©vP‡bi

e¨e¯v Kiv nq| wKš‧ kªwgK bvixi Kg©‡¶‡Î AwaKvi Av`vq wKsev msMV‡b

Askx`vwiZ¡ wel‡q †Kvb ai‡bi c`‡¶c †`Lv hvq bv| Rvnv½xi (1990)

118

†`Lvb, MÖvgxY ivRbxwZi wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi †¶‡Î e¨w³ wn‡m‡e cyil Ges †k ªYx

wn‡m‡e m¤úwËev‡biv cÖej| †mRb¨ e¨w³ wn‡m‡e GKRb bvix Ges †kªYxi

AšM©Z bvix ¶gZv KvVv‡gv‡Z Aaxb¯ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| fviZxq †cÖ¶vc‡U

Kzgvi (1991) †`Lvb †h, 1961 mv‡j cÂv‡qZ cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci bvixiv

wm×všMÖnY cÖwµqvi mv‡_ hy³ nq| MÖvgxY ¯‡i AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK

cÖwZôv‡b, bvixi AskMÖnY Zv‡`i mvgvwRK ghv© v Ges Zv‡`i cwiev‡i Ae¯v‡b

we‡kl cwieZ©b mvwaZ K‡i| bvixi wewfbœ msMVb AskMÖnY `ywU welq‡K wb‡ ©k

K‡i| K) mgv‡R gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i| L) MÖvgxY Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wb‡Ri

Dbœq‡bI f~wgKv iv‡L (Kzgvi, 1991)| wZwb Av‡iv †`Lvb †h fvi‡Z MZ yB

`k‡K †UªW BDwbq‡b bvixi AskMÖnY †e‡o‡Q|

kªwgK msMwVZ Kivi †¶‡Î †U&ªW BDwbq‡bi fywgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| gvwjKc‡¶i

mv‡_ PvKzwii kZ© wel‡q `iKlvKwl Kiv Ges RvZxq I miKvwi ch©v‡q

kªwgK‡`i AvBbx I cªvwZôvwbK iƒc †`qvi KvR K‡i| †Kvb BDwbqb MVb Kivi

c‡i kªwgK‡`i g‡bvbxZ cÖwZwbwa _v‡K †h ev hviv kªwgK‡`i gRywi Kg©NÈv I

Ab¨vb¨ kZ© wb‡q K_v e‡j G‡¶‡Î Zviv bvixi mggRywi wb‡qI K_v e‡j|

miKvwi cwjwm I AvBbx ms¯‥v‡i miKv‡ii mv‡_ BDwbqbB †hvMv‡hvM K‡i|

d‡j bvixi mgZv Bmy¨‡Z BDwbqb KvR K‡i _v‡K| wKš‧ BDwbq‡b bvixi

AskMÖnY A‡bK Kg| GQvov BDwbq‡b †bZ…‡Z¡i welqwU ¸iZ¡c~Y©| †Kvb bxwZ

wba©vi‡Y BDwbqbmg~n †h `vwe †ck K‡i Zv‡Z bvix Bmy¨ KZUv AMÖvwaKvi cvq

†m welqwUI we‡eP¨, †mLv‡b †bZ…Z¡ ch©v‡q bvix bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y Kg©‡¶‡Î bvixi

mgm¨v I Zv mgvavb cÖkœ D‡cw¶Z _v‡K|

3. kªgkw³ I †UªW BDwbqb: cÖm½ wbg©vY I PvZvj

evsjv‡`‡k bvixNb kªgLvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Mv‡g©›Um& Gi ciciB wbg©vY I PvZvj

D‡j­L‡hvM¨| Kv‡Ri aiY wn‡m‡e PvZvj Lv‡Z bvixi AskMÖn‡Yi welqwU

we‡ewPZ n‡jI Aaybv Awfevmb I bMivq‡Yi d‡j wbg©vY Lv‡Z m¯v kªwgK

wn‡m‡e bvixi AskMÖnY †e‡o‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k kªgkw³‡Z cÖavb LvZ wn‡m‡e

wPwýZ LvZ mgy‡ni g‡a¨ wbg©vY LvZ we‡klfv‡e D‡j­L‡hvM¨| wbg©vY Lv‡Z †gvU

kªgkw³i 3.5% kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ| 2005-06 Gi kªg kw³ Rwic Abyhvqx

wbg©vY kª‡g wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq 1,524,000 Rb hvi g‡a¨ cyil

1,421,000 Ges bvix kªwgK 104,000 Rb| 2003 mv‡ji kªg kw³ Rwic

Abyhvqx wbg©vY kª‡g wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq 1,541,000 Rb hvi g‡a¨

cyil 1,445,000 Ges bvix kªwgK 97,000 Rb (Labour Force Survey

2005-06, p-53)| 2002-2003 A_©eQ‡i G Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v

119

wQj 1,541,000 Rb| 2005-2006 A_©eQ‡i Zv K‡g `uvovq 15,24,000

R‡b| wKš‧ j¶Yxq welq n‡jv, bvix kªwg‡Ki GB Lv‡Zi mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv

j¶¨Yxqfv‡e †e‡o‡Q| †hLv‡b wbg©vY Lv‡Z mvgwMÖK kªg wb‡qvR‡bi cÖe„w×i nvi

†bwZevPK (-0.37 %) †mLv‡b bvix kªwg‡Ki cÖe„w×i nvi h‡_ó BwZevPK (2.35

%)|

wbg©vY kª‡g wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i e„nr AskB kn‡i Kg©iZ| G Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ

kªwgK‡`i †¶‡Î kn‡i KvR Kivi nvi †ewk| 2005 mv‡ji kªgkw³ Rwic

Abyhvqx †gvU kªgkw³i 3.2% wbg©vY Lv‡Z i‡q‡Q| kû‡i kªgkw³i g‡a¨

4.62% wbg©vY Lv‡Z KvR K‡ib| G Lv‡Z kû‡i kªgkw³i g‡a¨ 5.76% cyil

kªwgK Ges †gvU kû‡i bvix kªgkw³i 0.95% bvix KvR K‡ib| MÖvgxY

kªgkw³i †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq †h wbg©vY Lv‡Z 2.78% fvM kªwgK Kg©iZ| MÖvgxY

†gvU kªgkw³i g‡a¨ cyil 3.37% Ges †gvU bvix kªgkw³i g‡a¨ 0.91% bvix

kªwgK KvR K‡ib| G †_‡K mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h G Lv‡Z bvix kªwg‡Ki Zzjbvq

cyil kªwg‡Ki cwigvb †ewk| Z‡e w`b w`b bvix kªwgK‡`i AskMÖnY G Lv‡Z

evo‡Q| wbg©vY Lv‡Z †hfv‡e kªwgK evo‡Q †mfv‡e Zv‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q m‡Pó

msMVb evo‡Q bv|

wbg©vY Lv‡Z evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b †gvU 86,174 Rb †UªW BDwbqb fz³ kªwgK

i‡q‡Q| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î e‡j †bqv fvj Gi g‡a¨ †hgb †dWv‡ikb¸‡jvi †gvU

m`‡m¨i (43,922 Rb) D‡j­L i‡q‡Q †Zgwb BDwbqb Gi m`m¨ wn‡m‡eI †gvU

m`m¨ msL¨vi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k kªg cwi`ßi n‡Z †iwRwóªK…Z

†dWv‡ik‡bi msL¨v 9wU Ges Zvi kªwgK msL¨v 43,922 Rb| GQvov PviwU

wefvMxq kn‡ii (XvKv, PÆMÖvg, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv) AvIZvq †gvU wbg©vY kªwgK

42,252 Rb| wbg©vY Lv‡Z PÆMÖvg wefv‡M †gvU BDwbqb msL¨v 12wU Ges †gvU

m`m¨ msL¨v 5,256 Rb| XvKv wefv‡M †gvU BDwbqb msL¨v 43wU Ges m`m¨

msL¨v 12,776 Rb| Lyjbv wefv‡M 56wU BDwbqb I m`m¨ msL¨v 8,737 Rb|

ivRkvnx wefv‡M BDwbqb msL¨v 75wU Ges m`m¨ msL¨v 15,483 Rb|

Aciw`‡K evsjv‡`‡k me©‡gvU PvZv‡ji msL¨v wb‡q wfbœ wfbœ DcvË cvIqv hvq|

ÔPvZvj wk‡íi kªwg‡Ki mvgvwRK wbivcËvq RvZxq b~¨bZg gRywit Ae¯vb,

ev eZv I ev evqb †K․kjÕ kxl©K M‡elYvq M‡elK RvwKi †nv‡mb PvZvj

wkí‡K K…wlwfwËK LvZ wnmv‡e D‡j­L K‡i e‡jb †h, evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 40 nvRvi

ivBm wgj i‡q‡Q| G wk‡íi mv‡_ cÖvq 50 jvL kªwgK wb‡qvwRZ e‡j H

M‡elYvq D‡j­L Kiv nq| hvi kZKiv cÖvq 84 fvM bvix| AvjZvd cvi‡fR

120

Zuvi ÔivBmwgj kªwgK‡`i Rxeb wPÎÕ †jLvq15

GKB ai‡bi cwimsL¨vb Zz‡j

a‡ib| Zvi fvlvq, Òmviv‡`‡k wK cwigvb ivBmwgj Av‡Q Zvi mwVK †Kvb

cwimsL¨vb †Kv_vI cvIqv hvq wb| Z‡e K‡qKwU †Rjvq †LuvR wb‡q †h Z_¨

cvIqv †M‡Q Zvi Ici wfwË K‡i AvbygvwbK GKUv aviYv cvIqv hvq| wZb †Rjv

wb‡q MwVZ e„nËi †bvqvLvjxi ivBmwgj gvwjK mwgwZi mvaviY m¤úv`K Avãyj

jwZ‡di †`Iqv Z_¨ †_‡K †`Lv hvq- †mLv‡b cÖvq 250wU ivBm wg‡j 6,250

Rb kªwgK KvR Ki‡Q| bvivqbM‡Ä Av‡Q 800 wgj, †QvU †Rjv P‚qvWv½vq Av‡Q

400 wgj| Ck¦i`x‡Z 5,000 wgj Av‡Q| Gme Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ AvbygvwbK wnmve

Ki‡j †`Lv hvq-†`kRy‡o c Övq 40 nvRvi ivBmwgj Ges cÖvq 50 jvL kªwgK

KvR Ki‡Q D`xqgvb GB K…wl wfwËK wkíLv‡Z|Ó

PvZv‡j †UªW BDwbq‡bi msL¨v I m`m¨i †h wnmve kªg cwi`߇i cvIqv hvq

Zv‡Z K‡i †`Lv hvq cy‡iv evsjv‡`‡k 52wU PvZv‡j †UªW BDwbqb i‡q‡Q| GB

†UªW BDwbqb¸‡jvi †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v 5163 Rb| XvKv wefvMxq kªg `߇ii

AvIZvq cuvPwU G ai‡bi †UªW BDwbq‡bi Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q| hv‡`i m`m¨ msL¨v

427 Rb| PÆMÖvg wefvMxq kªg `߇ii AvIZvq 5wU PvZvj msµvš †UªW

BDwbq‡bi Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q hv‡`i m`m¨ msL¨v 1,270 Rb| GKBfv‡e Lyjbvq

kªg `߇ii Z_¨ Abyhvqx †mLv‡b 7wU PvZvj m¤úwK©Z †UªW BDwbqb i‡q‡Q|

G¸‡jvi †gvU m`m¨ 404 Rb| me‡P‡q †ewk msL¨K PvZvj msµvš BDwbq‡bi

Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q 35wU, Gme BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v 3,062 Rb| kªg `߇ii

AvIZvq †iwR‡÷ªkbf‚³ PvZvj †UªW BDwbq‡bi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡jI gvV ch©v‡q

A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Gme †UªW BDwbqb Kvh©µ‡gi mÜvb †g‡jbv16

|

wKš‧ †UªW BDwbq‡bi msL¨v Ges Gi m`m¨ msL¨v †Kvb wePv‡iB bvixi AwaKvi

wbwðZ Kivi welqwU cwijw¶Z nq bv| wbg©vY Lv‡Zi Kv‡Ri aiY wewfbœZv

_vK‡jI bvixi AskMÖnY †KejgvÎ wbw`©ó wKQz KvR gvwU KvUv, †hvMvwj,

BU/cv_i fv½v Gm‡ei g‡a¨B mxwgZ †h¸‡jv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e wbgœ gRyixi wKš‧

AwaK kª‡gi| Avevi GKB kªg †`qv ¯^‡Ë¡I bvix kªwgK cyil kªwg‡Ki †P‡q Kg

gRyix cvq| †hLv‡b bvix kªwgK‡`i •`wbK Mo gRywi 125.55 UvKv †mLv‡b

cyil kªwgK‡`i •`wbK Mo gRywi 144.57 UvKv| Avevi †hLv‡b DËi`vZv

94% bvix kªwgK •`wbK gRywi cvq 100 UvKvi wb‡P Ges gvÎ 4.26%

DËi`vZv bvix kªwgK cvq m‡e©vP 125 UvKv ch©š †mLv‡b gvÎ 34.16% cyil

kªwgK •`wbK Avq K‡i 100 UvKvi bx‡P| bvix kªwgK‡`i •`wbK Mo gRywi

15

†jLvwU wejm& KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ kªwgK Rvb©v‡ji GwcÖj-Ryb 2003 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq|

16

m~Î: gvVKg©, 2006

121

125.55 UvKv c¶vš‡i, cyil kªwgK‡`i •`wbK Mo gRywi 144.57 UvKv

(wejm&, 2006; wejm& 2007)| gRyix •elg¨ QvovI gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb my‡hvMmyweav

cvIqvi †¶‡ÎI †UªW BDwbq‡bi ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| wbg©vY Lv‡Zi Dc‡iv³

wPÎ Avgv‡`i‡K bvix •el‡g¨i welqwUi ev¯weK †Pnviv Zz‡j a‡i welqwU Av‡iv

¯úóZi nq PvZvj kª‡g wb‡qvwRZ bvix‡`i gRyix I AwaKvi bv cvIqvi

welq¸‡jvi w`‡K „wó w`‡j| cuvPwU M‡elYv GjvKvi m¤úbœK…Z wejm& Gi

M‡elYv Kv‡R †`Lv hvq †h Av‡Mi Zzjbvq PvZvj kªwg‡Ki gRywi wKQzUv e„w×

†c‡q‡Q| wKš‧ Rxeb hvÎvi LiP †h nv‡i †e‡o‡Q gRywi †m nv‡i ev‡owb| †hgb

†kicy‡i 4 eQi Av‡M †hLv‡b e¯v cÖwZ gRywi wQj 5 UvKv GLb †mwU n‡q‡Q 9

UvKv| wKš‧ GB Pvi eQ‡i wRwbmc‡Îi GgbwK Pv‡ji `vg †h nv‡i †e‡o‡Q Zv‡Z

GB gRywi e„w× LyeB mvgvb¨| PvZvj PjvKvjxb mgq (10 gvm) GKkÕ kªwg‡Ki

M‡o gv‡m 1,000 UvKv DcvR©b nq| cyil kªwgKiv †hLv‡b M‡o 2000 UvKv

DcvR©b K‡i †mLv‡b GKRb bvix kªwgK M‡o 800 UvKv DcvR©b K‡i|

DcvR©‡bi GB dvivK bvix kªgNb GLv‡Z bvixi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi welq‡KB

wb‡ ©k K‡i|

4. †UªW BDwbq‡b bvix AskMÖn‡Yi msKU:

c~‡e©v³ Z…Zxq As‡ki Av‡jvPbv n‡Z G welqwU ¯úó †h, mvgwMÖKfv‡e

wcZ…Zvwš¿K mgv‡R bvix †hgb c‡` c‡` •el‡g¨i wkKvi nq †Zgwb Kg©‡¶‡ÎI

bvixi GKB †fvMvwši wkKvi nq- †nvK bv Zv bvix kªgNb| evsjv‡`‡k Mv‡g©›Um&

Gi ci ciB me‡P‡q †ewk kªgNb LvZ`y‡Uv‡ZB bvixi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi wel‡q

†Zgb c`‡¶c †`Lv hvq bv GKB mv‡_ †UªW BDwbq‡b bvixi AskMÖnYI

nZvkve¨ÂK| bvixi AskMÖnY I †bZ…‡Z¡i msK‡Ui †¶‡Î †h welq¸‡jv mvg‡b

Av‡m Zv GK A‡_© †UªW BDwbq‡bi mvgwMÖK e¨_©Zv| G‡¶‡Î cÖavb msKU¸‡jv

Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv|

4.1. kªwgK fvebvq †UªW BDwbq‡bi B‡gR msKU :

kªwgK BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© †bwZevPK aviYvi wcQ‡b †bZ…Z¡ I †bZvi `vwq‡Z¡i

welqwU ¸iZ¡c~Y©| kªwgK BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© kªwgK‡`i †bwZevPK aviYvi wcQ‡b

kªwgK †bZv‡`i f~wgKv, `vwqZ¡kxjZv‡K kªwgKiv `vqx K‡ib| kªwgK BDwbq‡bi

cÖwZ †bwZevPK aviYvi KviY wn‡m‡e kªwgK †bZv‡`i wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_© KvR Kiv,

†bZv‡`i kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ KvR bv Kiv Ges gvwjK c‡¶i n‡q KvR Kivi gZ

welq¸‡jv mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m| kªwgK‡`i GB fvebvi cÖgvY †g‡j †bZ…‡Z¡i wel‡q

we‡iv‡ai †Ri a‡i †UªW BDwbq‡bi fv½‡bi welqwU‡K we‡ePbv K‡i| kªwgK‡`i

g‡a¨ ¯^v_©MZ ؇›Øi Kvi‡Y †UªW BDwbq‡bi fv½b n‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb bwRi †bB|

122

eis †bZv‡`i ga¨Kvi †Kv›`j, `jv`wji Kvi‡Y kªwgK BDwbqb fv½vi welqwU

¯úó|

wbg©v‡Yi gZ GKwU A vqx Lv‡Z †hLv‡b kªwgKiv GKK †Kvb Kg©‡¶‡Î vqxfv‡e

_v‡Kb bv wKsev GKB gvwj‡Ki Aax‡bI `xN©w`b a‡i KvR K‡ib bv †mLv‡bI

`jv`jx I kªwgK msMV‡bi fv½‡bi welqwU i‡q‡Q| hvi cÖgvY †g‡j Bbmv‡ei

cÖv³b mvaviY m¤úv`‡Ki K_vq, wZwb e‡jb bIMuvi gZ GKwU †QvU †Rjv

kn‡iB 6wU wbg©vY kªwgK msMVb M‡o D‡V‡Q †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ HK¨gZ¨ bv _vKvq|

mviwY1. †UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© kªwgK‡`i aviYv

aviYv kªwgK kZKiv nvi

aviYv †bB 231 40.81

Lye fvj 35 6.18

fvj 196 34.63

Lvivc 82 14.49

Lye Lvivc 22 3.89

†gvU 566 100

m~Î :wejm& 2007

kªwgK BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© BwZevPK, †bwZevPK `yÕai‡Yi aviYvB kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨

j¶¨ Kiv hvq| †h 566 Rb wbg©vY kªwg‡Ki mv‡_ M‡elYv Kiv nq Zvi g‡a¨

40.81 % BDwbq‡bi wel‡q AwfÁZv bv _vKvq kªwgK BDwbq‡bi Kv‡Ri wel‡q

†Kvb gše¨ †`bwb| kªwgK BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© Lye fvj aviYv †cvlY K‡ib 35 Rb

hv †gvU kªwg‡Ki gvÎ 6.18%, hv mwZ¨ nZvkvRbK| kªwgK BDwbq‡bi

Kvh©µg‡K fvj wn‡m‡e gše¨ K‡ib 34.63%| kªwgK BDwbq‡bi BwZevPK

Ae¯vb‡K `yBwU ch©v‡q fvM K‡i fvj I Lye fvj A‡_© †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G †_‡K

†`Lv hv‡Q, BwZevPK RvqMvq kªwgK BDwbq‡bi †h Ae¯vb Zvi me©‡gvU

40.81%| Ab¨w`‡K †bwZevPK aviYv †cvlY K‡ib 104 Rb kªwgK hviv wKbv

†gvU DËi`vZvi 18.38%| G †_‡K †`Lv hv‡Q †h 59.19 % kªwg‡Ki BDwbqb

welqK aviYv i‡q‡Q Zvi GK Z…Zxqvsk kªwgK BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© †bwZevPK aviYv

†cvlYv K‡i|

4.2. †UªW BDwbqb I cÖPviYv :

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cÖvq †QvU eo †_‡K ïi K‡i eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK I

wewfbœ miKvwi-†emiKvwi ms¯vi Kg©KZ©viv ch©š mevB wb‡Ri wb‡Ri m¼U, wkí

123

cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq A`¶Zv, Dbœqb I weKv‡k A ~i`wk©Zv, A‡hvM¨Zvi `vq-

`vwqZ¡ Gov‡Z †kl ch©š kªgRxexi Dci Zv‡`i AvµgY †K›`ªxf~Z Ki‡Qb Ges

K‡i Avm‡Qb| Gi d‡j bZzb Kg©ms¯vb cÖvq n‡QB bv| eis QuvUvB, †j-Ad,

jK-AvDUmn wkí KjKviLvbv eÜ n‡Q (f~uBqv, 2003)| †UªW BDwbqb wel‡q

wgwWqv we‡klZ msev`c‡Î wK ai‡bi msev` cwi‡ekb nq Zv‡K wb‡`©k Ki‡Z

1998 mv‡j miKvwi e¨vsK mg~‡n †UªW BDwbqb eÜ Kiv cÖm‡½ wKQz msev`

wk‡ivbvg‡K GLv‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡Q Ges 2006 mv‡ji •`wbK msev`cÎmgy‡n

†UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© wK ai‡bi msev` cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi

wk‡ivbvg¸‡jv‡K we‡k­lY Kiv n‡Q| †Kbbv †UªW BDwbq‡bi cvewjK B‡gR

MV‡b Gwelq¸‡jv‡K Gwo‡q hvevi my‡hvM †bB|

†UªW BDwbqb I †bZ…‡Z¡i •bwZKZv:

TUs blamed for most problems at ports (The Daily Star,

12.07.1998)

The Daily Star †Mvj‡Uwej •eV‡K PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii APjve¯vi Rb¨

†UªW BDwbqb‡K `vqx Kiv nq|

e¨vsK msµvš Uv¯‥ †dvm© cÖwZ‡e`b A_©bxwZi ¯^v‡_©B †UªW BDwbqwbRg

wbqš¿Y Avek¨K (msev`, 21.07.98)

†`‡ki ivóªvqË Lv‡Zi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK I we‡kl ai‡bi e¨vsK¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Uv¯‥

†dv‡m©i cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq †`‡ki AvUwU e¨vs‡Ki †gvU Kg©Pvixi 30 kZvsk

G‡Kev‡iB KvR K‡i bv| G mKj Kg©Pvixi AwaKvskB †UªW BDwbq‡bi m‡½

RwoZ A_ev †UªW BDwbq‡bi †`vnvB w`‡q Giv KvR K‡i bv| cÖwZwU e¨vs‡K

`yÕ‡qi AwaK †UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR‡óªkb †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges AvÂwjK I

kvLv¸‡jv‡ZI wmweG/ †UªW BDwbq‡bi kvLv i‡q‡Q| d‡j 10wU e¨vs‡K 11

nvRvi 7 k 96 Rb Kg©Pvix †UªW BDwbq‡bi m‡½ RwoZ i‡q‡Q| GB cÖwZ‡e`‡b

†UªW BDwbqb msµvš AvBb I Zvi ev e cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© 25wU wel‡q D‡j­L Kiv

n‡q‡Q| 12 nvRvi Kg©Pvix webv Kv‡R †eZb wb‡Q| ivR‣bwZK c„ó‡cvlKZvi

Kvi‡Y cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯v m¤¢e nq bv|

e¨vs‡K †UªW BDwbqb eÜ ev wbqš¿‡Yi e¨e¯v cÖvq P~ovš (BbwKjve,

5.8.98)

e¨vs‡K †UªW BDwbqb (msev`, 25.8.98)

A_©gš¿x kvn G Gg Gm wKewiqvi wn‡me Abyhvqx e¨vs‡Ki kZKiv 25

fvM Kg©Pvix †Kvb KvR K‡i bv BDwbq‡bi Kvi‡Y| wZwb ivR‣bwZK

`‡ji m¤ú„³Zv I c„ô‡cvlKZvi K_v D‡j­L K‡ib|

124

¯úk©KvZi †c‡Uªvevsjv GK‡kªYxi BDwbqb †bZvi Kv‡Q wRw¤§ : wewb‡qv‡M

AvMÖnx we‡`kx †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvi Kv‡Q fveg~wZ© bó n‡Q (†fv‡ii KvMR,

29.8.98)

1998 mv‡ji msev`c‡Îi cvZvq Avmv msev`¸‡jvi w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq

†h PÆMÖvg e›`i wKsev ivóªvqË e¨vsK¸‡jvi g‡a¨Kvi †UªW BDwbq‡bi †bZviv

KvR bv K‡i †eZb wb‡Qb| †m welqwU‡K ¸iZ¡ †`qv n‡Q| A_©vr †UªW

BDwbqb †bZv‡`i‡K Lvivc ev Amvay wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡Q †mLv‡b

ivR‣bwZK c„ô‡cvlKZvi welqwU‡K †gv‡UI Avg‡j †bqv n‡Q bv| †UªW BDwbqb

†bZviv †h kªwgK †bZvi cwiP‡q bq eis AgyK ivR‣bwZK `‡ji mv‡_ hy³

kªwgK †bZv wn‡m‡e c„ô‡cvlKZv jvf Ki‡Q Zv‡K Zy‡j aiv nq bv| GKBfv‡e

hLb A_©gš¿x 25% e¨vsK Kg©Pvixi KvR bv Kivi welqwU‡K wb‡ ©k K‡ib ZLb

wZwb ivR‣bwZK m¤ú„³Zvi welqwU‡K D‡j­L Ki‡jI †UªW BDwbq‡bi mv‡_

ivR‣bwZK `‡ji hy³Zv‡K ev` †`qvi welqwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡ib bv| GKBfv‡e

GK‡kªYxi BDwbqb †bZv AwfwnZ K‡i †Kvb †kªYxi BDwbqb †bZv, †Kvb

ivR‣bwZK `‡ji mv‡_ Zvi m¤c„³Zv Zv‡K ev` †`qv nq hv cÖKviš‡i mg¯

†UªW BDwbqb †bZviB B‡gR‡K msK‡Ui gy‡L †d‡j|

msMwVZ Lv‡Zi Av‡›`vjb:

mwPevjq Kg©Pvixiv `vwe Av`v‡q Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ¯‧wZ wb‡Qb (cÖ_g Av‡jv

13.04.06)

KviLvbv AvBb ev evq‡bi `vwe Mv‡g©›Um kªwgK †dWv‡ik‡bi (msev`,

08.04.06)

wbDgywis Uvwg©bvj †emiKvwiKi‡Yi wm×vš evwZj Kiv bv n‡j PÆMÖvg APj K‡i

†`Iqv n‡e (AvR‡Ki KvMR 10.04.06)

duy‡m DV‡Q miKvicšx wmweG †bZvivI: wU GÊ wU †evW©‡K †Kv¤úvwb‡Z iƒcvši

cÖwµqv (AvR‡Ki KvMR 20.04.06)

wmwU I †c․i Kg©Pvix †dWv‡ik‡bi 11 `dv `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjb Kg©m~Px †NvlYv

(cÖ_g Av‡jv 16.04.06)

wRqv mvi KviLvbvq kªwgK‡`i Pvi N›Uvi Ae‡iva (cÖ_g Av‡jv 22.04.06)

1 †g 72 N›Uv ag©N‡Ui WvK, wkífeb †NivI: ivóªvqË wkí KviLvbvi kªwgKiv

Av‡›`vj‡b bvg‡Q (AvR‡Ki KvMR, 28.04.06)

j¶¨Yxq †h Dc‡iv³ msev` wk‡ivbvg mg~‡n ivóªvqË Lv‡Z Kg©iZ †UªW

BDwbqbfy³ kªwgKivB G mKj Av‡›`vj‡b Ask wb‡Q| †Kvb †emiKvwi wKsev

e¨w³gvwjKvbvq wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki AskMÖnY G‡¶‡Î †bB| GKBfv‡e dyu©‡m

DV‡Q miKvicšx wmweG †bZvivI Gi A_© miKv‡ii g``cyó wmweG †bZviv

125

kªwgK ¯^v_©‡K ¸iZ¡ we‡ePbv bv K‡i `jxq welq‡KB ¸iZ¡ w`‡q‡Q GZw`b|

GLb wU GÊ wU‡K †emiKvwiKi‡Yi †¶‡Î Zviv AvcwË Zzj‡Q| G‡¶‡Î ¸iZ¡c~Y©

welq n‡jv miKvwi †¶‡Î PvKzix nviv‡bvi †Kvb m¤¢vebv bv _vKvq Kv‡R duvwK

†`qv wKsev KvR bv Kivi welqwU †_‡K hv‡Q| G‡¶‡Î e¨e¯vcbvMZ ÎwU wKsev

mxgve×Zv‡K BDwbq‡bi Kvh©µ‡gi dj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Q|

AwaKvi Av`vq ebvg mš¿vm:

wU GÊ wU Kg©Pvix‡`i Avwë‡gUvg †NvlYv: mgv‡e‡k †bZv‡`i 10 `dv

`vwe (AvR‡Ki KvMR 5.05.06)

mvfv‡i w`bfi kªwgK ÔZvÊeÕ (mgKvj 23.05.06)

d¨v±wii kªwgK‡`i `vwe-`vIqv wb‡q gvwjKc‡¶i m‡½ m„ó we‡iva GK mgq

`vevb‡ji g‡Zv Qwo‡q c‡o| Avevi my‡hvM ey‡S vbxq mš¿vmx‡`i jyUcv‡U

Ask wb‡Z †`Lv hvq| GK‡kªYxi wVKv`vi BÜb RywM‡q‡Q e‡jI Awf‡hvM

cvIqv hvq|

mvfvi Avïwjqv MvRxcy‡i K‡qK kZ KviLvbvq nvgjv ÔfvOPzi jyUcvUÕ

(cÖ_g Av‡jv 24.05.06)

Mv‡g©UÝ Lv‡Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB: wewewm‡K evwYR¨gš¿x

(†fv‡ii KvMR 27.05.06)

kªg Am‡švl mZK©evZ©v w`‡q‡Q: †cvkvK wk‡íi mgm¨v wb‡q cÖ_g

Av‡jvi †Mvj‡Uwe‡j gvwjK-kªwgK-mykxj mgv‡Ri gZ (28.05.06)

we‡RGgBÕi mn-mfvcwZ I NUbvi mgq fvicÖvß mfvcwZi `vwq‡Z¡ _vKv

mvjvg gy‡k©`x e‡jb, mevB cvk KvwU‡q K_v ejwQ| †cvkvKwk‡í mgm¨v

†bB- ejv hv‡e bv, mgm¨v Av‡Q| wKš‧ AvšR©vwZKfv‡e gvbm¤úbœ KviLvbvq

AvNvZ G‡m‡Q| Zvi g‡Z, †m KviLvbv¸‡jvq kªwgK‡`i wVKg‡Zv †eZb-

fvZv, QzwU †`Iqv nq| Zvic‡iI †e‡Q †e‡Q G¸‡jv‡ZB AvNvZ G‡m‡Q| G

Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i g‡b n‡q‡Q lohš¿-Pµvš|

Ôbvgme© ^ kªwgK msMV‡bi †bZviv ¸Re Qwo‡q •bivR¨ m„wó K‡iÕ

(06.07.2006)

XvKv ißvwb cÖwµqvKiY AÂj (wW B wc †RW) I mvfvi, Avïwjqv wkív‡j

G‡Ki ci GK ¸Re Qwo‡q †cvkvK wk‡í •bivR¨ m„wói cuvqZviv Ki‡Q

GK‡kªYxi msMV‡bi †bZ…e„›`| d¨v±wii wfZ‡i †Kvb ZzQ NUbv‡K cuywR K‡i

126

IB kªwgK †bZ…e„›` mvaviY kªwgK‡`i w¶ß K‡i †Zvjvi cvkvcvwk wb‡R‡`i

e¨w³¯v_© nvwm‡ji Rb¨ wkí cÖwZôv‡b •bivR¨ m„wó K‡i| ...... GKvwaK

†Mv‡q›`v ms¯v Rvbvq, wewfbœ kªwgK msMV‡bi e¨vbv‡i GKwU Pµ D‡Ïk¨

cÖ‡Yvw`Zfv‡e kªwgK‡`i gv‡S ¸Re Qwo‡q D‡ËRbv m„wó K‡i‡Q|

my¯ avivi †UªW BDwbqbB Mv‡g©›Um wk‡íi msKU wbim‡bi Dcvq

(11.07.06)

GB wk‡í AvBbvbyM I my¯¨ †UªW BDwbq‡bi aviv cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z bv cvwi Z‡e

GB AÜ †bZ…Z¡ Avevi †h‡Kvb mgq Zv‡`i Ôgkvj R¡vwj‡q †MvUv wkí cy‡o

QviLviÕ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i|

mshy³ kªwgK †dWv‡ik‡bi 8 m`m¨‡K ewn®‥vi : msMV‡bi fveg~wZ©

¶y‡Yœi Awf‡hvM (msev` 27.06.06)

mshy³ kªwgK †dWv‡ik‡bi 8 m`m¨‡K ewn¯‥vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| msMV‡bi

mfvcwZ, mvaviY m¤úv`K I †Kvlva¨‡¶i wei‡× A_© AvZ¥mv‡Zi wg_¨v

Awf‡hvM I msMV‡bi fveg~wZ© ¶zbœ Kivi Awf‡hv‡M Zv‡`i ewn¯‥vi Kiv

nq|

Mv‡g©›Um LvZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i †h msev`mg~n cwi‡ekb Kiv nq †mLv‡b kªwgK

wKsev kªwgK msMV‡bi †h wPÎ wb‡ ©k Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z gvwjKc‡¶i Ab¨vq

†kvlY, wbh©vZb‡K Avovj Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î †Kv›`‡ji m~Î wn‡m‡e wb‡`©k

Kiv nq kªwgK AvUK wKsev kªwgK †g‡i †djvi ¸Re‡K| j¶¨Yxq †h evwYR¨

gš¿x wewewm‡K †`qv mv¶vrKv‡i Mv‡g©›Um Lv‡Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB

e‡j gZ †`b| hv cÖKviš‡i gvwjKc‡¶i K_v‡KB cÖwZaŸwb K‡i| msev‡` ejv

n‡Q †h Mv‡g©›Um Lv‡Z bvgme©¯^ †UªW BDwbqb i‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b wKfv‡e GB

bvgme©¯ kªwgK msMV‡bi †bZviv G ai‡bi e„nr kªwg‡Ki AskMÖn‡Y msNwUZ G

Kg©Kv‡Êi †bZ…Z¡ †`q Zv ¯úó nq bv|

msev` cwi‡ek‡bi †¶‡Î msev`c‡Îi gvwjKvbv Ges cÖKvk‡Ki g‡bvfw½i

welqwU ¸iZ¡c~Y©| †Kvb msev`‡K ¸iZ¡ †`qv n‡e Zv msev‡`i mZ¨Zvi Dci

wbf©i K‡i bv| G‡¶‡Î †`Lv hvq msev`cθ‡jvi gvwjKvbv Kv‡`i| d‡j kªwgK

AwaKvi cÖkœ wKsev †UªW BDwbq‡bi †h B‡gR Zv gvwjKc‡¶i ¯^v‡_©B Zz‡j aiv

nq| †UªW BDwbq‡bi GB B‡gR‡KB mvaviY cvVK MÖnY K‡i d‡j †UªW

BDwbq‡bi BwZevPK w`K¸‡jv wKsev kªwgK AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ †Kb †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jv

Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Q †m welq¸‡jv †_‡K hvq Ašiv‡j| hv mvgwMÖKfv‡e †UªW

BDwbq‡bi †bwZevPK B‡gR‡KB mvg‡b Av‡b|

127

†UªW BDwbq‡bi †bwZevPK B‡gR Ab¨mKj kªwgK‡`i †hfv‡e wewfbœ Bm y ‡Z

ewÂZ Ki‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L †Zgwbfv‡e wbg©vY kªwgKivI GB cÖwµqvi evB‡i bq|

wbg©vY kªwgKiv msMwVZ bv nIqvi †¶‡Î BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© kªwgK‡`i †bwZevPK

fvebv GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| GB †bwZevPK aviYvi Drm

wn‡m‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i `vwqZ¡kxjZv‡KB `vwq Kiv nq| wgwWqvi cÖPviYvq †h ai‡bi

†bwZevPK B‡gR †UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© cvIqv hvq wbg©vY kªwgK ch©v‡qI Zvi

avivevwnKZv j¶¨Yxq| wgwWqvi cÖPviYv kªwgK‡K †h cÖfvweZ Ki‡Q bv Zv wKš‧

ejv hvq bv| GKBmv‡_ bxwZ wba©viY ch©v‡q †UªW BDwbqb welqK wewfbœ wm×vš

†bqvi †¶‡Î G RvZxq cÖPviYvi h‡_ô cÖfve i‡q‡Q †hgbfv‡e mvaviY RbMYI

A‡bK‡¶‡Î †UªW BDwbqb we‡ivax fvebv aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i

`vwqZ¡kxjZv G‡¶‡Î A¯xKvi Kiv hvq bv|

4.3. †UªW BDwbqb ÔAskMÖnY I cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡iÕ msKU :

gvwjK, e¨e¯vcK, m`©vi, AvBb k„Ljv i¶v I cÖ‡qvMKvix ms¯v, iv‡óªi wewfbœ

cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw`B †h kªwgK‡`i wei× c¶ ZvB bq, wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨I kªwgK‡`i

kÎ i‡q‡Q| ev¯e †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq, eû kªwgK BDwbqbB Avm‡j kªwgK‡`i ¯^v_©

msi¶Y K‡i bv, Avm‡j Zviv gvwjK‡`i fvovwUqv wn‡m‡eB KvR K‡i|

gvwjKivI kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ kw³‡K wb‡R‡`i wbqš¿‡Y ivLevi Rb¨ Gme

BDwbqb‡K e¨envi K‡i (†gvnv¤§`, 1998)| G M‡elYvKv‡h© Ask †bqv AwfÁ

GKRb kªwgK e‡jb, me kªwgK †bZviv cÖkvm‡bi m‡½ hy³-ZvivI GKBfv‡e

cÖkvm‡bi ¶gZvai e¨w³‡`i `ybx©wZ fvM-euv‡Uvqvivi m‡½ hy³ _v‡K| Zvi e³e¨

n‡Q Ô¶gZvmxb ev we‡ivax †bZv‡`i we‡iva mvaviY kªwgK‡`i mvg‡b, †cQ‡b

Zv‡`i HK¨ Lye k³|Õ Zuvi gZ Abyhvqx Gme kªwgK †bZvi †Kvb wbw`©ó

ivR‣bwZK cwiPq †bB- Zv‡`i g~j PwiÎ Zviv kªwgK‡`i kÎ, gvwjK‡`i

`vjvj| mvaviYfv‡e kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ †kªYx m‡PZbZv I wb‡R‡`i ivR‣bwZK

`„wóf½xi weKvk bv NUvevi Kvi‡Y Zviv wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡ob wKQz cÖfvekvjx

e¨w³‡`i Dci| Kv‡Ri AwbðqZv, wbivcËvnxbZv Ges gRywii µgn«vm cÖvwßi

Kvi‡Y kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨I GKUv Ask G‡`i wcQ‡b wM‡q wbivcËv †Luv‡R| Z‡e

GB Ask LyeB mvgvb¨| GB mvgvb¨ AskB cÖKviš‡i n‡q c‡o kªwgK cÖwZwbwa|

kªgkw³ Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g †gvU kªgkw³ I †UªW BDwbq‡bi kªwgK msL¨vi

cwigvbMZ Zzjbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, 1999-2000 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k †gvU

kªgkw³i cwigvb wQj 3,89,79,000 Rb| K…wl LvZ ev` w`‡q evwK LvZ¸‡jvi

kªgkw³i cwigvb wQj 1,96,00,000 Rb| Aciw`‡K 1999 mv‡j †UªW

BDwbq‡bi m`m¨ msL¨v wQj gvÎ 18,76,694 Rb| A_©vr K…wl ev` w`‡q Ab¨vb¨

Lv‡Zi †gvU kªgkw³i gvÎ 9.57 % kªwgK †UªW BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ Ges

128

†UªW BDwbqb †bZvi17

msL¨v 11,670 Rb hv †gvU kªwgK msL¨vi 0.06 %|

A_©vr 1999 mv‡ji †gvU kªgkw³i gvÎ 0.06 % †UªW BDwbqb †bZv cy‡iv kªwgK

mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i‡Q|

2002-2003 G †gvU kªgkw³i cwigvb wQj 4,43,22,000 Rb Ges †UªW

BDwbqb m`m¨ wQj 20,45,163 Rb hv †gvU kªgkw³i 4.61 % Ges †UªW

BDwbqb †bZv †gvU kªw³i gvÎ 0.03 %| A_©vr 2002 mv‡j †gvU kªgkw³i gvÎ

0.03 % kªwgK †bZv cy‡iv kªwgK †kªYxi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e †`Lv hvq

†h 2005-2006 G †gvU kªgkw³i cwigvb wQj 4,73,57,000 Rb Ges †UªW

BDwbqb m`m¨ wQj 21,31,800 Rb hv †gvU kªgkw³i 4.50%| A_©vr †UªW

BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ kªwgK‡`i mswk­óZv w`b w`b Kg‡Q Ges GKBfv‡e †UªW

BDwbqb †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡ÎI AMÖMwZ j¶¨ Kiv hvq bv Ges Zv Av‡iv K‡g‡Q|

j¶Yxq †h, kªwgK msL¨v †hfv‡e †e‡o‡Q †mfv‡e †UªW BDwbqbfy³ kªwgK

ev‡owb|

m~Î: kªg cwi`߇ii 2006 mv‡ji †Uª&W BDwbqb Gi msL¨v I m`m¨ msL¨vi DcvË n‡Z wbY©q

Kiv n‡q‡Q

evsjv‡`‡ki †UªW BDwbqb weKv‡ki BwZnvm we‡k­lY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq

BDwbqb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ fv½b cÖeYZv LyeB †ewk| GB fv½‡bi d‡j kªwgK‡`i

AwaKvi Av`v‡q BDwbqb¸‡jv kw³ nviv‡Z _v‡K| GKB mv‡_ ivR‣bwZK cÖkªq

I Avkª‡qi Kvi‡Y BDwbqb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ kªwgK AwaKvi cÖ‡kœi †P‡q †ewk ¸iZ¡c~Y©

n‡q c‡o ivR‣bwZK ¯^v_©| d‡j ivR‣bwZK wØav wefw³i Kvi‡Y BDwbqb¸‡jvi

17

G cÖe‡Ü †UªW BDwbqb †bZv ej‡Z BDwbq‡bi mfvcwZ I mvaviY m¤úv`K‡K eySv‡bv

n‡q‡Q| GB wn‡m‡e †bZvi msL¨v †gvU †UªW BDwbq‡bi msL¨vi wظb|

100

4.5

0.029

0

50

100

kZ

Kiv nvi

wPÎ 1: 2005-06 mv‡ji kªgkw³, msMVbKvix kªwgK I

†bZ…Z¡`vbKvix kªwg‡Ki Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯v

†gvU kªgkw³ ByDwbqb fzy³ kªwgK †bZ…Z¡ `vbKvix kªwgK

129

g‡a¨I wØav wefw³ †`Lv hvq hv cÖKviš‡i BDwbqb¸‡jvi B‡gR‡KB webó K‡i|

†UªW BDwbqb †iwR‡óªkb Gi wel‡q †h‡nZz kªg cwi`ßi mivmwi wb‡qvwRZ ZvB

†UªW BDwbq‡bi fv½b I bZzb †UªW BDwbq‡bi †iwR‡óªk‡bi wel‡q Zv‡`i

f~wgKv‡K A¯xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB|

4.4. †UªW BDwbqb I gvwjK fvebv:

kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi _vK‡jI kªwgKiv

Zv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv ev Ki‡Z Drmvn †eva K‡ib bv| G‡¶‡Î gvwjK‡`i f‡q

msMVb Ki‡Z bv cvivi c‡¶ gZ †`b DËi`vZv kªwg‡Ki 5%| M‡elYvq

gvwjK‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Zv‡`i kªwgK msMVb m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvIqv

n‡j 33.33% gvwjK e‡jb kªwgKiv wba©vwiZ mgq KvR Kivi ci msMV‡bi

mv‡_ hy³ n‡j Zv‡`i c¶ n‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi evav †bB| gvwjK‡`i fvl¨ Abyhvqx

Zviv Zv‡`i KvR Ki‡e, ejvi wKQz †bB| Z‡e KvR duvwK w`‡q Ki‡j mgm¨v|

23.33% g‡b K‡ib msMV‡bi Kv‡R e¨¯ _vK‡j kªwgKiv KvR K‡ibv,

26.67% g‡b K‡ib msMV‡bi †bZviv G‡m gv¯vwb K‡ib Ges msMV‡bi `iKvi

†bB e‡j gZ †`b 16.67% gvwjK|

mviwY 2. †UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© gvwjK‡`i „wóf½x

gvwjK‡`i „wóf½x kZKiv nvi

Kv‡Ri c‡i msMVb Ki‡j mgm¨v †bB 33.33

msMVb Ki‡j †Zv KvR K‡ibv 23.33

msMV‡bi †bZviv G‡m gv¯vwb K‡i 26.67

msMV‡bi `iKvi †bB 16.67

†gvU 100.00

m~Î : wejm& 2007

†UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© gvwjK‡`i fvebv ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ gvwjK‡`i wbKU †_‡K

†h ai‡bi muvov cvIqv †M‡Q Zv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, msMVb Ki‡Z †`qvi †¶‡Î

Zv‡`i AvcwË Lye GKUv †`Lv hvq bv| GB AvcwË bv _vKvi wcQ‡b wbg©vY

Kv‡Ri cÖK„wZ ¸iZ¡c~Y©| G Kv‡Ri ai‡Yi Kvi‡Y GKRb gvwj‡Ki Aax‡b

GKRb kªwgK‡K †h‡nZz †ewkw`b KvR Ki‡Z nq bv ZvB kªwg‡Ki msMwVZ

nIqvi welqwU wb‡q Zviv Lye GKUv fv‡eb bv|

130

4.5 †UªW BDwbqb B‡gR I †bZv‡`i e³e¨:

†UªW BDwbqb cÖm‡½ B‡gR msK‡Ui welqwU‡Z †bZv‡`i f~wgKv‡KB `vwq Kiv

nq| G‡¶‡Î M‡elYvq Ask †bqv kªwgK‡`i AwfgZ †hgb ¸iZ¡c~Y© †Zgwb

¸iZ¡c~Y© wgwWqvi f~wgKvI| †UªW BDwbqb wel‡q we‡klZ B‡gR msKU cÖ‡kœ

†bZviv wK fve‡Qb, wKsev B‡gR msKU cÖ‡kœ, wKsev †UªW BDwbq‡bi Kvh©KvixZvi

†¶‡Î Zviv †Kvb welq¸‡jv‡K ¸iZ¡ w`‡Qb †m welq¸‡jv Riix|

M‡elYvKvjxb `jMZ Av‡jPbvq †UªW BDwbqb wel‡q evsjv‡`k mshy³ kªwgK

†dWv‡ik‡bi mvaviY m¤úv`K †gv: †gvKv‡Ïg †nv‡mb e‡jb,

†M­vevj B‡Kv‡bvwgi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jv ms‡KvwPZ

n‡Q| G ms‡KvP‡bi KviY-miKvi †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jvi cÖwZ mwVKfv‡e `vwqZ¡

cvjb Ki‡Q bv| eZ©gv‡b msMwVZ LvZ¸‡jv ms‡KvwPZ n‡Q GKB mv‡_

AmsMwVZ LvZ¸‡jv e„w× cv‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k msMwVZ Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ

kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq 55 j¶| AmsMwVZ Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki msL¨v cÖvq

mv‡o Pvi †KvwU| Gi g‡a¨ K…wl, grm, ZuvZ, PvZvj, wbg©vY BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q|

miKv‡ii f~wgKv ej‡Z wZwb kªg cwi`ßi Gi kªwgK wefvM I cwi`k©b wefv‡Mi

Ae‡njv I MvdjwZ‡K wb‡ ©k K‡ib| †UªW BDwbqb wel‡q wgwWqvi cÖPviYvi

welqwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i wZwb e‡jb, wK msev`cÎ wK wUwf P¨v‡bj †KvbLv‡b †Kvb

fvj Lei hvq bv †UªW BDwbqb †bZv‡`i wb‡q| Avi ivRbxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ

_vKvi Kvi‡Y †h¸‡jv cÖPvi nq †m¸‡jvI †Zv wg_¨v bq, A‡bKvs‡k mwZ¨| ¸wU

K‡qK †bZvi Rb¨ mevB‡K `vqx Kiv nq|

†UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K© gvwjKc‡¶i (cÖvB‡fU Lv‡Z) g‡bvfve †bwZevPK| Zviv

g‡b K‡i BDwbqb _vK‡j kªwgKiv ïay Av‡›`vjb Ki‡e KvR Ki‡e bv, Zviv fq

cvq| GQvov †Kvb MʇMvj n‡j Zviv †bZv‡`i nvZ Kivi †Póv K‡i|

†UªW BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ bv nIqvi KviY wn‡m‡e wb‡gœv³

welq¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K‡ib:

AwaKvsk kªwgKB Awkw¶Z I Am‡PZb

cÖPwjZ AvBbx evav

kªwgK †bZv‡`i ~b©xwZ

wbg©vY Lv‡Z †UªW BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g msMwVZ bv nIqvi †¶‡Î wZwb Av‡iv

K‡qKwU welq‡K wb‡ ©k K‡ib:

131

80% kªwgK‡`i wba©vwiZ gvwjK †bB Ges AwaKvskB fvmgvb kªwgK ZvB

Zv‡`i‡K msMwVZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡Q bv|

wi‡qj †÷U gvwjKmn wKQy cÖfvekvjx gvwj‡Ki Pvc|

cÖPwjZ AvBbx evav

RvZxq kªwgK †dWv‡ik‡bi Ae‡njv

Zvi e³e¨ g‡Z, eZ©gv‡b ïaygvÎ wbg©vY kªwg‡Ki msL¨vB cÖvq 25 j¶| wbg©vY

Lv‡Zi eZ©gvb †UªW BDwbqb Gi Ae¯v m¤ú‡K© e‡jb eZ©gv‡b moK I Rbc`

wefvM, MYc~Z© wefvMmn †ek K‡qKwU miKvwi wefv‡M wb‡qvwRZ miKvwi wbg©vY

kªwgKiv †UªW BDwbqb Gi Ašf~©³| mvgvb¨ wKQy wi‡qj †÷U †Kv¤úvwbi wbg©vY

kªwgKiv IB †Kv¤úvwbi kªwgK‡`i wb‡q †UªW BDwbqb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q| eZ©gv‡b 40

wU †Rjvq wbg©vY kªwgK BDwbqb M‡o D‡V‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU †Rjvq _vbv I

BDwbqb ch©v‡qI msMVb M‡o D‡V‡Q| †gvU wbg©vY kªwg‡Ki 10% †UªW BDwbqb

Gi Ašf©~³ Gme m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ bvix kªwgK m`‡m¨i nvi LyeB bMb¨|

D³ `jxq Av‡jvPbvq †UªW BDwbqb cÖm‡½ evsjv‡`k †UªW BDwbqb †K‡› ªi

Kvh©Kix mfvcwZ kwn`yj­vn †P․ayix e‡jb:

eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwb I wkívwqZ †`k¸wj wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯v MVb K‡i| Mixe

†`k¸‡jv‡K m`m¨ Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| Zv‡`i kZ© gvb‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡`i

UªvwWkbvj wkí weivwóªqKi‡Yi bv‡g wejyßcÖvq n‡q‡Q| 10 j¶ msMwVZ kªwgK

wQj †mLv‡b GLb gvÎ 70 nvRvi kªwgK i‡q‡Q| GLv‡bB kªwgK msMVb e¨_© n‡q

†M‡Q| wkí †¶‡Î †h weeZ©b n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv †g․wjK fvix wkí eÜ n‡q nvjKv

I gvSvwi wkí(ißvbxg~Lx) weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| GB wk‡í 50 j¶ kªwgK KvR

Ki‡Q| GB wk‡íi weKv‡ki KviY n‡jv Aí gRywi †`qv| G wkí M‡o †Zvjvi

†¶‡Î ivRbxwZK, Amr Avgjv `ybxwZ©evR gvwjK Ges cÖkvm‡bi kw³kvjx

AvuZvZ i‡q‡Q| Zviv kªwgK Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© weåvš K‡i kªwgK‡`i ~‡i mwi‡q

w`‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j weKwkZ wk‡í bZzb †h kªwgK G‡m‡Q Zviv gvwjK,

cÖkvmb, I miKv‡ii Pv‡ci gy‡L †UªW BDwbqb Kivi gvbwmKZv †_‡K `~‡i m‡i

†M‡Q| hvi d‡j kªwgK †ewk _vK‡jI kw³kvjx †UªW BDwbqb †bB| gvwjK,

cÖkvmb I miKv‡ii kw³kvjx AvuZvZ M‡o IVvq Ges kªwgK msMVb¸wji kw³

µgn«vm cvIqvq kªwgK †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ nZvkvi m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB `~e©jZvi Kvi‡Y

kªwgK msMVb¸wj ivR‣bwZK `‡ji A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| †KD †KD

GbwRI‡`i Avkªq wb‡q‡Q| d‡j kªwgK msMV‡bi msMÖvgx aviv e¨vnZ n‡Q|

A_©‣bwZK msKU mgvav‡bi mvsMVwbK kw³ bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y kªwgK‡`i A‡b‡KB

132

miKv‡ii †jRyo e„wË Ki‡Q| ivR‣bwZK `ye©„Ëvqb I `yb©xwZevR‡`i cÖvav‡b¨i

d‡j mwZ¨Kvi mr gvbyliv me©Î †KvbVvmv n‡q c‡o‡Q|

RvZxq kªwgK jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K ivq i‡gk P› ª evsjv‡`‡k kªwgK msMVb

Gi †¶‡Î e‡jb:

eZ©gv‡b eo ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi mv‡_ kªwgK msMV‡bi hy³Zvi d‡j GLb Avi

kªwgK AwaKvi i¶v Kivi wel‡q Zv‡`i g‡bv‡hvM †bB| GKB kªg AvBb‡K

GK`j kªwgK ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡Q Avevi Ab¨ `j Zvi wb›`v Rvbv‡Q| †KvbUv‡K

gvbv n‡e Zvn‡j| kªwgK msMVb¸‡jvi ivR‣bwZK †jRyoe„wË G‡¶‡Î †UªW

BDwbq‡bi B‡gR‡K bô K‡i‡Q| G‡¶‡Î msMV‡bi †bZvivI f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q|

wZwb G‡¶‡Î †h mKj mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ K‡ib Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q

gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ|

wgwWqv¸‡jv †Kvb bv †Kvb gvwjKc‡¶i Abymvix| d‡j wgwWqv

cÖPviYv kªwgK wKsev kªwgK msMV‡bi wecix‡Z hvq|

Z¨vMx I wb‡ew`Z msMV‡Ki Afve|

†UªW BDwbqb Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© †MvUv mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ †bwZevPK

g‡bvfve|

msMVb Pvjv‡bvq A‡_©i Afve| wZwb e‡jb, kªwgK‡`i wb‡Ri

msMVb GB †evaUvB Avgv‡`i bvB| Zv‡`i wdm †`evi cÖeYZv

bvB| d‡j msMVb wK Ki‡e?

2006 mv‡ji kªg AvBb m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb, eZ©gvb kªg AvB‡b AvšR©vwZK kªg

ms¯vi mb`‡K AeÁv K‡i †Kvb cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK Qvov Ab¨ †KD †bZv

n‡Z cvi‡e bv ejv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evB‡ii †KD †bZv n‡Z cv‡i bv| GKB

KviLvbvi GKRb kªwgK Zvi e¨e¯vebv cwiPvj‡Ki mv‡_ `iKlvKwl Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv| 2006 Gi kªg AvB‡b BDwbqb MV‡b †Kvb evav †bB| RvZxq b~¨bZg

gRywi wba©viY Kiv nqwb| Av‡Mi kªg AvB‡b RvZxq b~¨bZg gRywi wba©vi‡Yi

cwimi wQj wKš‧ GLb †Kvb cwimi †bB| eZ©gvb kªg AvB‡b †m my‡hvM †bB|

RvZxqZvev`x kªwgK `‡ji mvaviY m¤úv`K Rvdi‚j nvmvb kªwgK msMVb

cÖm‡½ e‡jb:

eZ©gv‡b eo eo ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi mv‡_ kªwgK msMV‡bi †hvMv‡hvM •Zwi

n‡q‡Q Z‡e †m †hvMv‡hvM kªwgK ¯^v‡_© bq eis `jxq ¯^v‡_©| `j ¶gZvq _vK‡j

msMV‡bi myweav _v‡K| †dWv‡ikb¸‡jv ivR‣bwZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi g‡a¨

wb‡qvwRZ| G‡¶‡Î ivR‣bwZKfv‡e Kg cÖfvekvjx msMVb¸‡jv KvR K‡i

133

†ewk| kªwgK msMVb¸‡jv‡Z cÖK…Z kªwgKiv RvqMv cvq bv| kªwgK msMVb¸‡jv

ivR‣bwZK m¤ú„³Zvi ga¨ w`‡q KvR K‡i| hv‡`i ivR‣bwZK †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q

ZvivB myweav cv‡Q|

G‡`‡k kªwgK Av‡›`vjb weKwkZ K‡i‡Q KwgDwb÷iv| GLb Zvi mydj †fvM

Ki‡Q ivR‣bwZK Avkªq cvIqv msMVb¸‡jv| G‡¶‡Î g‡bvfve n‡jv ivR‣bwZK

mn‡hvwMZv Qvov wKQzB m¤¢e bq| kªwgK msMVb¸‡jv‡Z cÖK…Z kªwgKiv myweav

cvq bv| hviv Zvj w`‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i ZvivB _v‡K| kªwgK BDwbq‡bi g‡a¨

`jv`wj i‡q‡Q| b¨vh¨ AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ msMVb Ki‡Z †M‡jI mgm¨v

i‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î †iwR‡óªk‡b Sv‡gjv nq| †iwR‡óªk‡b ïay Z_¨ _vK‡jB n‡e

bv| Awdmvi‡`i mš‧wói welqwUI _vK‡Z nq| gvwjK‡`i KvQ †_‡K †hgb UvKv

†bq †Zgwb kªwgK‡`i KvQ †_‡KI wb‡Z Qv‡o bv| MYm‡PZbZv Riwi| GQvov

†UªW BDwbqb wel‡q wgwWqvi f~wgKv‡K ev` †`qv hvq bv| †bZviv Lvivc KvR

K‡i GUv A¯xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB wKš‧ Zviv †hfv‡e cÖPvi K‡i Zv‡Z is

Pov‡bv nq| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki kxl© 100 yb©xwZev‡Ri ZvwjKvq wKfv‡e kªwgK

†bZv _v‡Kb Zv cÖkœ mv‡c¶| m‡PZbfv‡e kªwgK BDwbqb¸‡jvi B‡gR‡K

msK‡Ui gy‡L †djv n‡Q hv‡Z mn‡RB kªwgK Bm~¨‡K, kªwgK Av‡›`vjb‡K Pv½v

Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|

wbg©vY Lv‡Zi kªwgK BDwbqb cwiw¯wZ m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb, wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î cÖvq

mviv‡`‡k msMVb i‡q‡Q Z‡e Zvi e¨vwß Kg| eo msMVb¸‡jvi Zzjbvq Ab¨vb¨

msMV‡bi Kvh©µg †ewk| GLb kªwgK‡`i‡K msMwVZ Kivi gZ wfZ& Av‡Q|

gRywi AwfÁ kªwgKiv fvjB †bq Z‡e mgm¨vq c‡o †njcviiv| A`¶Zvi Kvi‡Y

evsjv‡`‡k kªwgKiv †njcvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| •`wbK gRywiwfwËK kªwgK

nIqvq Zv‡`i †¶‡Î kªg AvB‡bi jNb †`Lv hvq| kªwgK ¯^v‡_©, kªwgK AwaKvi

cÖwZôvq, kªwgK Øviv cwiPvwjZ †UªW BDwbqb Av‡›`vjbB bvB| 33 Uv †iwRóvi

†dWv‡ikb Av‡Q| kªwgK msMV‡bi AwaKvskB (90%) weGbwc I AvIqvgx jxM

Gi mv‡_ hy³| evKx 10% Ab¨vb¨ `‡j| wbg©vY LvZ‡K †Kvb †dWv‡ikbB Avgj

†`q bvB| †h ai‡bi cÖwZkÖwZ `iKvi, wb‡ew`Z †jvK `iKvi Zv †bB|

ivR‣bwZK mn‡hvwMZv Qvov wKQzB n‡e bv Ggb g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡YB

msMVb¸‡jvi AMÖMwZ n‡Q bv| Avi ¯vbxq ch©v‡q cÖfvekvjxivB msMV‡bi

mfvcwZ|

RvZxq ¸iZ¡c~Y© kªwgK †bZ…Z¡e„‡›`i Av‡jvPbv n‡Z †UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K©

†bwZevPK B‡g‡Ri KviY¸‡jv Avgv‡`i mvg‡bi cwijw¶Z nq| †bZ…‡Z¡

Revew`wnZvi Afve, ¯^QZvi Afve m‡e©vcwi `vwqZ¡kxjZvi msKU cy‡iv †UªW

134

BDwbqb Av‡›`vjb‡K wewNœZ Ki‡Q| hv cÖKviš‡i kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi Av`vq‡KB

wewNœZ Ki‡Q|

5. Dcmsnvi I cÖ¯ —vebv:

kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q msMwVZ nIqvi †¶‡Î †UªW BDwbq‡bi weKí †bB|

wKš‧ †UªW BDwbqb wel‡q kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ †hgb fyj †evSveywS i‡q‡Q †Zgwb

i‡q‡Q mvaviY gvbyl R‡bi g‡a¨| kªwgK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi c­vUdig wn‡m‡e ZvB

†UªW BDwbq‡bi f~wgKv eiveiB cÖkœwe× n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î †KejgvÎ †UªW

BDwbq‡bi Kvh©µgB bq, wgwWqv cÖPviYv, gvwjK‡`i fvebv, cÖkvmwbK †¶‡Î

RwUjZv, †UªW BDwbqb †bZv‡`i `ybx©wZ, ivR‣bwZK m¤ú„³vi welq¸‡jv‡K

A¯xKvi Kievi Dcvq †bB| †UªW BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g kªwgK AwaKvi Av`v‡q

cÖ_‡gB Zvi GB B‡gR msKU‡K KvwU‡q DV‡Z n‡e GKB mv‡_ kªgLv‡Z bvixi

AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j G m‡ei cvkvcvwk bvixi AskMÖn‡Yi welqwUI

wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv †UªW BDwbq‡bi cÖwZ †bwZevPK g‡bvfw½i cwieZ©b

bv n‡jv †UªW BDwbq‡bi gva¨‡g kªwgK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Av‡›`vjb ch©ewmZ n‡e

†mªd evZzjZvq|

†UªW BDwbqb‡K kw³kvjx Kiv Ges bvixi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi †¶‡Î

mvgvwRK wbivcËvi welqwU LyeB ¸iZ¡c~Y©| GQvov Ab¨vb¨ KiYxq †h welq¸‡jv

mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m †m¸‡jv n‡jv-

†UªW BDwbqb‡K AvZ¥wbf©ikxj K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| G Rb¨ m`m¨ e„w×

Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wbqwgZ Puv`v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Ah_v nqivwbg~jK

Puv`v Av`vq hv‡Z bv Kiv nq, †m wel‡qI bRi w`‡Z n‡e|

†UªW BDwbqb †bZ…Z¡‡K cÖwk¶‡Yi e¨e¯v Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Zviv mvaviY

kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

eZ©gv‡b gvwjK c¶I cÖK…Z gvwj‡Ki PwiÎ jvf K‡iwb ZvB Zv‡`i

gvbwmKZvi cwieZ©‡bi e¨e¯v Ki‡Z n‡e|

†UªW BDwbqb †bZv‡`i gvbwmKZvi cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e| GB

gvbwmKZvi cwieZ©b GKw`‡K Ki‡Z n‡e mr I †hvM¨ †bZ…Z¡ Ges kªwgK

AwaKvi Av`vq wel‡q Ab¨w`‡K bvixi AwaKvi msi¶Y I Zvi AskMÖnY

wel‡qI|

eZ©gvb Ae¯vi †cÖw¶‡Z ïaygvÎ †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jv kªwgK‡`i ¯^v_© i¶vq

h‡_ó bq| †emKivwi Dbœqb cÖwZôvb Ges mgvR ms¯‥viK‡`i GwM‡q

Avm‡e n‡e| mK‡ji mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq-B †Kej eZ©gvb Ae¯v †_‡K †ei

n‡q Avmv m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î AvBGjI mn Ab¨vb¨ †`kx we‡`kx kªwgK ¯^v_©

135

we‡klZt bvix kªwg‡Ki ¯^v_© msi¶Y I Av`v‡q Kg©iZ msMVbmg~n‡K

GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| GB GwM‡q Avmv †KejgvÎ mfv-†mwgbv‡ii g‡a¨B

mxwgZ K‡i ivL‡j Pj‡e bv| GKBmv‡_ AwaKvi Av`v‡qi cÖPviYv

GgbwK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î AvBbx mn‡hvwMZvi gZ wel‡qI GwM‡q

Avm‡Z n‡e|

GiKg †cÖ¶c‡U †UªW BDwbqb Gi MwZkxjZvq we‡klZ bvixi AskMÖnY I

AwaKvi wbwðZKi‡Y wb‡gœ D‡j­wLZ welq¸‡jv‡Z AwaK bRi †`qv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j

cÖeÜKviiv g‡b Ki‡Qb:

†UªW BDwbqb Gi BwZevPK w`K wb‡q cÖPviYv| †UªW BDwbqb m¤ú‡K©

kªwgK, gvwjK I RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ †h †bwZevPK aviYv i‡q‡Q Zvi

cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

G‡¶‡Î †Uwjwfkb, msev`cÎ †`qvj wjL‡bi gva¨‡g cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv †h‡Z

cv‡i| GKB mv‡_ kªwgK Bm~¨‡Z Kg©iZ wewfbœ miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb

†hgb kªg cwi`ßi, wejm&, cÖf„wZ fywgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

†UªW BDwbq‡b †hvM¨ †bZ…Z¡

†UªW BDwbqb †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡Î Awf‡hvM n‡Q Zviv kªwgK‡`i ¯^v‡_© KvR bv K‡i

e¨w³¯v‡_© KvR K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î kªwgK‡`i ga¨ n‡Z †hvM¨ †bZ…Z¡‡K mvg‡b

Avb‡Z n‡e|

†UªW BDwbqb Gi mv‡_ ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi mswk­ôZv‡K ev` †`qv

ivR‣bwZK `‡ji mv‡_ hy³ _vKvq kªwgK Bm~¨i †P‡q ivR‣bwZK `‡ji ¯^v_©

msi¶Y KivB †ewk Riix n‡q c‡o| hv kªwgK AwaKvi i¶vi welqwU‡K wec‡_

PvwjZ K‡i|

†UªW BDwbq‡b bvix †bZ…Z¡

†UªW BDwbqb †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡Î Awf‡hvM n‡Q bvix †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y bvix

kªwgK‡`i ¯^i †hgb D‡cw¶Z _v‡K †Zgwb Zv‡`i ¯v_©I msiw¶Z nq bv| ZvB

bvix †bZ…‡Z¡i welqwU‡KI AMÖwe‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e|

- gyRxeyj Avbvg: mnKvix Aa¨vcK, b„weÁvb wefvM, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq,

E-mail: labib303@gmail.com

- G. wU. Gg. mvBdzj­vn †g‡n`x: M‡elYv mn‡hvMx, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb M‡elYv

cÖwZôvb (weAvBwWGm), E-mail: mehedi@bids.org.bd,

meh512@gmail.com

- W. †iRIqvb †nv‡mb f~uBqv: Aa¨vcK, f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek wefvM, XvKv

wek¦we`¨vjq, Email: rejuangeog_du@yahoo.com

136

Z_¨m~Î

Acharaya, S. (1983) The Informal Sector in Developing Countries- A Micro

View Point, pp 432-445; journal of contemporary Asia 13(4).

Ahmed, N(1992) Industrial Agriculture For Developing Countries, New

Delhi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Amin, A.T.M. ( 1996 a.) The Informal Sector Paradigm: Analytical

Contributions and Developmental Role, Regional Development Dialogue 17.

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics ( 2003) Labour Force Survey, Dhaka.

Foner, Philip S. (1979) Women and the American Labor Movement: From

Colonial Times to the Eve of World War I.

Islam, R(1989) Informal Financial Market and the Handloom and Small Scale

Cotton Textile Sector in Bangladesh, BIDS, Dhaka.

Minginoe, H.(1984) The Informal Sector and the Development of Third World

Cities, Regional Development Dialogue 5.

Orleck, Annelise (1995) Common Sense and a Little Fire: Women and

Working-Class Politics in the United States, 1900-1965.

Salahuddin, K and Shamim, I (1992) Women in Urban Informal Sector:

Employment Pattern Activity Types and Problems. Women for Women,

Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Soto, H (1989) The Other Path: The invisible Revolution in the Third World,

Harper & Row,U.S.A.

Bmjvg wmivRyj (m¤úvw`Z) (2005) evsjv wcwWqv, GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, XvKv

Lvb, G we Gg bvRgyj Bmjvg(1997) Z…Zxq we‡k¦ Bbdigvj †m±i t GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv,

†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi m¤úvw`Z mgvR wbix¶Y msL¨v 63, mgvR wbix¶Y †K›`ª, XvKv|

L›`Kvi, bvmwib(1993) Bbdigvj wkí cÖwZôv‡bi cÖhyw³MZ D™¢veb Ges A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb,

†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi m¤úvw`Z mgvR wbix¶Y msL¨v 47, mgvR wbix¶Y †K›`ª, XvKv|

gRyg`vi, cÖwZgv-cvj (1992) bMi-`vwi`ª¨ t mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ I e¨vcKZv, AiwY cÖKvkbx XvKv|

knx`yj­vn, Av. K. g. I †nv‡mb, †gvnv¤§` Av‡bvqvi (2002) AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i

†g․wjK AwaKvi wPÎ t evsjv‡`k wPÎ, evsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU Ae †jevi ÷vwWR(wejm&) Gi

AcÖKvwkZ M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b, XvKv|

mvevn mv‡jn (1987) MÖvgxY kªgRxex bvix, cÖwZc¶ cÖKvkbv, k¨vgjx, XvKv-1207|

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii kªg AvBb 2006

kªg I Kg©ms¯vb gš¿Yvjq evwl©K cÖwZ‡eb 2003-2004

cvi‡fR AvjZvd (2003) ÔivBmwgj kªwgK‡`i Rxeb wPÎÕ kªwgK Rvb©vj wejm&

†nv‡mb RvwKi (2005) ÔPvZvj wk‡íi kªwg‡Ki mvgvwRK wbivcËvq RvZxq b~¨bZg gRywit Ae¯vb,

ev eZv I ev¯evqb †K․kjÕ

RvZxq Lv`¨bxwZ, 2006|

137

ÒAvgivI gvbylÓ PvB evuPvi gZ AwaKvi

†gv: †gv vdv Kvgvj

evm vb gvby‡li mvgwMÖK Rxeb‡K e‡q wb‡q P‡j Kvw|Z j¶¨ AR©‡bi w`‡K¶

†hLv‡b †m Zvi e¨w³, cvwievwiK Rxeb †_‡K ïi K‡i RvZxq Rxe‡b AvkvcÖ`

Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i| A_P AwaK RbmsL¨v Aay¨wlZ evsjv‡`‡k `vwi‡ ªi

KlvNv‡Z Pig g~j¨ w`‡Z n‡Q mvaviY gvbyl¸‡jv‡K| Avw_©K wbivcËvnxb Rxe‡b

`y‡ejv Lvevi Afve Zv‡K Avi fve‡Z my‡hvM †`q bv wbwðZ evm v‡bi Rb¨

e¨e¯v MÖnY Ki‡Z| GiciI LwÊZ Rxe‡b †hfv‡eB †eu‡P _vKv hvq Zvi Dcvq

Aej¤^b K‡i GKwU fvmgvb ¯cœ Zv‡`i †_‡K hvq mywbw`ó© M„‡ni| hZ `wi ªB

†nvK M„n †_‡K †ewi‡qB RvZxq Rxe‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z Pvq Zviv, A_P Zv‡`i

`vwi`ª †_‡K gyw³ I mnvqZv w`‡Z cv‡i ïaygvÎ miKvi, `vZv ms¯v, †emiKvwi

I ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ msMVb, e¨w³ chv©‡q abx e¨w³ Ges mykxj mgvR- hv‡`i fvebvq

_vKv DwPZ `wi`ª RbM‡Yi evm vb‡K mywbwðZ Kivi A½xKvi| gvby‡li †g․wjK

Pvwn`v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg gvbweK weKvk jv‡fi cÖavb mnvqK Dcv`vb ejv P‡j

evm vb‡K| cÖ_‡g _vKvi e¨e¯v ZviciB Rxe‡bi cieZx© Kvh©µg| Avw`g

gvby‡li ¸nvi Rxeb cwiPjb cÖwµqvq avivevwnK dj mf¨ gvby‡li AvR‡Ki GB

M„n e¨e¯v| †mB mf¨ gvbyl¸‡jvB hw` AvR Qv` Qvov †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P

Ae¯vb K‡i †Kvbg‡Z w`bvwZcvZ K‡i Zvn‡j mf¨Zv wb‡RB j¾v cvq •e wK ?

evsjv‡`k mxwgZ f~L‡Êi GKwU †`k, GB f~L‡Ê eZ©gv‡b Kg‡ewk 14 †KvwU

gvbyl emevm Ki‡Q| ZvivB †m․fvM¨evb hviv GiB g‡a¨ wbR¯^ evm¯vb Av‡Q

e‡j `vex Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Aciw`‡K ~f©vM¨ Zv‡`i hviv Awbw`ó©, AgvbweK

Rxe‡bi †g․wjK myweavnxb Ae¯vq bvggvÎ Rxeb KvwU‡q hv‡Qb| GUvB cÖkœ

†_‡K hvq evsjv‡`k‡Zv Zv‡`i aviY K‡i †i‡L‡Q wKš‧ gvby‡li †g․wjK Pvwn`vi

Ab¨Zg evm v‡bi Rb¨ RvZxqfv‡e, RvZxq `v‡qi Ask wn‡m‡e GB `~f©vM¨evb

As‡ki Rb¨ b~¨bZg e¨e¯v Kiv wK KZ©e¨ bq? mgv‡R †hgb wkw¶Z, abx

†ckvRxex †kªYxi Ae¯vb i‡q‡Q †Zgwb GB wQbœg~j wbibœ `wi`ª gvbyl¸‡jviI

mnve¯v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| KviY RvZxq Dbœq‡b wkw¶Z Rb‡Mvôx Ae`vb

ivL‡Q, cvkvcvwk `wi ª Rb‡Mvôxi Ae`vb A¯xKvi Kivi †Kvb Dcvq †bB|

Mv‡g©›Um Kgx© †_‡K ïi K‡i w`bgRyi ch©š wewfbœ wbgœ Av‡qi kªwgK †`‡ki

Dbœq‡b Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q cÖwZwbqZ cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e| Zv‡`i‡K AeÁv

Kiv gv‡b RvZxq Dbœq‡bi m~PK‡K evavMÖ¯ Kiv |

138

wbgœ Av‡qi GB fvM¨weow¤^Z gvbyl¸‡jv me mgq †P‡q _v‡K Dשcv‡b PvZK cvwLi

g‡Zv wKQy cvIqvi Avkvq| AvkvnZ gvbyl¸‡jv Avkv wb‡q evuPvi ZvwM‡` Rxeb

hy× Pvwj‡q hvq A ¿wenxb †hv×vi g‡Zv| ûg‡o c‡o Avevi D‡V `vuovq †hLv‡b

†bB †Kvb wVKvbv D‡V uvovevi| Rxeb Zix †f‡m †eovq wØavwšZ mgvR

e¨e¯vq, †kªYxweb¨vwmZ gvby‡li gv‡S wbw ©ó †kªYx¸‡jv †hgb A_©we‡Ëi gwngvq

Rxe‡bi RqMvb †M‡q hvq, †Zgwb K‡ói KlvNv‡Z RxY© Rxe‡b Zviwenxb

†`vZvivi myi evRvq Zviv| GgwbB GKwU †kªYx bMi`wi`ª hviv fvmgvb Rxe‡bi

AwaKvix XvKvmn mviv‡`‡k weivRgvb| hv‡`i R‡b¨ †eu‡P _vKvB KwVb n‡q

c‡o‡Q| DbœqbKvgx msMVb¸‡jv MÖvgxY I kû‡i Rbc‡` `wi ª gvby‡li Dbœq‡b

KvR Ki‡Q| Z‡e evsjv‡`kmn Gwkqvi A‡bK †`‡kB wewQbœfv‡e KvR Pj‡Q

fvmgvb gvbyl‡`i wb‡q| Amnvq gvbyl¸‡jvi RxebRxweKv hvB †nvK Zv‡`i

Dbœq‡b Kbmvb© Iqvì©IqvBW evsjv‡`k my›`i wKQy wPšv I Kvh©µg wb‡q|

ÒAvgivI gvbylÓ bv‡g G cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg †_‡KB ¯úó nIqv hvq gvbyl n‡qI

gvbweK I bvMwiK AwaKvi †_‡K Zviv ewÂZ Ges Zv‡`i †Kvb my‡hvM myweav

†bB| cÖKíwUi ïii cÖv°v‡j GKwU M‡elYv †_‡K cvIqv hvq XvKv kn‡i

cÖwZiv‡Z cÖvq 20 nvRv‡ii Dc‡i gvbyl †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P Ny‡gvq wewfbœ

¯v‡b| GB cwimsL¨v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i 10 nvRv‡ii Dc‡i XvKv kn‡ii

fvmgvb `wi`ª c_evmx gvbyl‡K wb‡q ïi n‡q‡Q ÒAvgivI gvbylÓ cÖKí 2008

mvj †_‡K, hv 2013 ch©š Pj‡e| cÖK‡í †gvU bqwU †m›Uvi i‡q‡Q XvKv kn‡ii

wewfbœ ¯v‡b hv c_evmx gvbyl e¨envi Ki‡e| Gi g‡a¨ wewfbœ Kvh©µg ïi n‡q

†M‡Q 7wU †m›Uv‡ii gva¨‡g| G¸‡jvi bvg wcwWwm A_v©r †cf‡g›U Wy‡qjvm©

†m›Uvi| wK _vK‡e GB wcwWwm ¸‡jv‡Z c_evmx gvby‡li R‡b¨? cÖ_‡g Zviv

mKvj 7 Uv †_‡K we‡Kj 5Uv ch©š †h †Kvb mgq G‡m wekªvg wb‡Z cvi‡e,

Ny‡gv‡Z cvi‡e wbw ©ó mgq, †Mvmj Kiv, ivbœv Kiv meB Pj‡e| Kg©Rxex

gv‡q‡`i wkï‡`i ivLvi R‡b¨ i‡q‡Q †W-†Kqvi †m›Uvi, †hLv‡b GK‡ejv wd«

LvIqvi e¨e¯v wbw`©ó wbq‡g P‡j| i‡q‡Q wd« ¯^v¯¨ †mev I AbvbyôvwbK wk¶vi

e¨e¯v| we‡bv`‡bi R‡b¨ †Ljvayjv I wUwf, †iwWIÕi e¨e¯v| †m›Uvi¸wj‡Z

i‡q‡Q jKv‡ii e¨e¯v| †hLv‡b Zviv wb‡R‡`i ªe¨-mvgMÖx Zvjv jvwM‡q ivL‡Z

cv‡i| GB †m›Uvi¸‡jv †_‡K myweav cvq cyil, gwnjv, wkï wK‡kvi mK‡jB|

†h‡nZz c_evmx gvbyl¸‡jv wewQbœ I A‡bK mgq bvbv Aciva K‡g© †hgb -

c‡KUgvi, †Pvi, WªvM we‡µZv, cwZZv, BZ¨vw` †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nq| ZvB

Zv‡`i AvZ¥ Dbœq‡b wewfbœ cÖwk¶‡Yi cvkvcvwk mvB‡Kv‡mvk¨vj I m‡qi

cÖwk¶‡Yi welqwU GLv‡b AwaK ¸iZ¡c~Y© wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ GB cÖK‡í| AvgivI

gvbylÓ cÖKí ev¯ evq‡b i‡q‡Q Dhaka City Corporation, Concern world wide

Bangladesh, Sajida Foundation, Nari Maitee, SEEP, CUP| G eviB cÖ_g

Dhaka City Corporation mivmwi Concern Gi mv‡_ †emiKvwi Dbœqbg~jK

139

Kv‡R hy³ n‡q‡Q hv D‡j­L‡hvM¨| Avgv‡`i mgvR e¨e¯vq c_evmx gvbyl‡`i

R‡b¨ †Kvb RvqMv †bB| Zv‡`i Avgiv fvj †Pv‡L †`wLbv| fvj e¨envi cvq bv,

evmv evwo‡Z/Awd‡m Zv‡`i †hvM¨Zv‡K Kv‡R jvMvBbv| cywj‡ki AZ¨vPvi mn¨

K‡i cÖwZiv‡Z Avi cÖK…wZ hLb weiƒc n‡q hvq ZLb Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

nvwi‡q hvq Zv‡`i Kv‡Q| Avgiv GB cÖK‡íi GKwU As‡ki gva¨‡g gvby‡li

`„wófw½ I AvPiY e`jv‡Z PvB c_evmx gvbyl‡`i cÖwZ| mvayev` RvbvB †mB

mKj AMÖYxwPšvi cw_K…Z‡K hviv c_evmx bMi`wi`ª gvby‡li mgm¨v I Rxeb

wb‡q GB cÖKí MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Avnevb RvbvB miKvimn mgv‡Ri me©¯i‡K

†hLv‡b mK‡jiB wKQy Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q GB c_evmx gvbyl‡`i R‡b¨| Avmyb

Zv‡`iI gvbyl wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q gvbweK AwaKvi I Pvwn`v¸‡jv wbwðZ Kwi|

ZvB `wi`ª c_evmx gvby‡li Rxeb, Rxeb Dbœq‡b miKvimn mKj gn‡ji cÖwZ

Avgv‡`i mycvwikgvjvt-

1. gvbyl wn‡m‡e gh©v`v †`Iqv|

2. c_evmx‡`i cÖwZ mgv‡Ri „wófw½ e`jv‡bv|

3. mKj bvMwiK AwaKvi mywbwðZ Kiv|

4. Avevm‡bi e¨e¯v Kiv|

5. Lvm I cwZZ Rwgi e¨envi Kivi my‡hvM †`Iqv|

6. †`‡ki g~j Dbœqb avivq Zv‡`i m¤ú„³ Kiv|

7. Kg© ms¯v‡bi e¨e¯v Kiv|

ZvB mgq G‡m‡Q RvZxq Dbœq‡bi kixK‡`i by¨bZg Avevmb e¨e¯vi Rb¨

mgv‡Ri wbwðZ `vq †kva Kivi Riix cÖ‡qvRbxqZv|

- †gv: †gv —vdv Kvgvj: G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †Kv-AwW©‡bUi- Kvc

140

Rjevqy cwieZ©b I bM‡i kªg cÖevn e„w×:

msK‡Ui bZzb iƒc

G we Gg Avwbmy¾vgvb

Rjevqy cwieZ©b evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Akwb ms‡KZ| Avgv‡`i wcÖq gvZ…f~wg

evsjv‡`k AvR gnv wech©‡qi m¤§ywLb| Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ Kvi‡Y AvenMZ

Pig wech©q NU‡Q| †hgb eb¨v, NywY©So, U‡b©‡Wv, R‡jvQ¡vm, Liv, b`xfvO‡bi

gvÎv w`b w`b †e‡o P‡j‡Q| Gi mv‡_ †f․MwjK Ae¯vbMZ Amyweav, mykvm‡bi

Afve, cÖkvmwbK A`¶Zv, bxwZgvjv ev¯ evq‡b Acvi`wk©Zv cÖf„wZ KviY Ges

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki mvwe©K wecbœZv µgvMZfv‡e e„w× cv‡e|

†`kwU‡K wb‡q hv‡e gnvmsK‡Ui w`‡K| Rjevqy cwieZ©b RwbZ Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb

evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i wec`vcbœ I SuywKc~Y© †`k¸wji Ab¨Zg| cÖvK…wZK Ges gvbweK

`y‡h©vM cÖwZwbqZ MÖvm Ki‡Q myRjv-mydjv km¨-k¨vgjv GB e-ØxcwU|

weÁvbxiv ej‡Qb Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y we‡k¦ AvenvIqv mswk­ó NUbv ev

`y‡h©v‡Mi Pig ZxeªZv I e¨vcKZvi gvÎv MZ yB `k‡K cÖvq Pvi¸Y †e‡o‡Q|

1980 `k‡K AvenvIqv mswk­ó Pig NUbv N‡U‡Q eQ‡i 120wU, AvR Zv wM‡q

†cu․‡Q‡Q 500wU‡Z| eb¨v †e‡o‡Q Qq¸Y| eb¨v I So 60wU †_‡K †e‡o n‡q‡Q

240wU| 1985 †_‡K 1994 mv‡ji g‡a¨ `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y ¶wZMÖ †jvKmsL¨v

wQj cÖwZeQi 174 wgwjqb| 1995 †_‡K 2004 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv †e‡o `vwo‡q‡Q

240 wgwjqb|

Rjevqy cwieZ©b `wi ª gvby‡li Aw Z¡‡K msK‡Ui gy‡L †d‡j w`‡q‡Q| m¤cÖwZ

cÖKvwkZ RvwZmsN gvbeDbœqb cÖwZ‡e`b 2007-2008 ej‡Q y‡h©v‡Mi A‡bK

Av‡M †_‡KB `wi ª Rb‡Mvôxi Dci Gi cÖfve co‡Z ïi nq Ges Gi cÖfve _v‡K

`k‡Ki ci `kK| `wi ª RbMY Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq c~e© †_‡K

Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| y‡h©v‡Mi mgq Zviv wb:¯ nq| y‡h©v‡Mi

ci Afve †gvKv‡ejvq vei m¤úwË wewµ K‡ib Ges c‡i ¯v ¨ I cywónxbZvi

Kvi‡Y gvbe m¤ú‡`i AcPq nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi A‡a©K bvix| Zv m‡Ë¡I bvixiv Pigfv‡e Ae‡nwjZ|

A_P M„n wj‡Z fvj _vKv bv _vKv eûjvs‡k wbf©i K‡i bvixi Dci| wewfbœ

mg‡q N‡U hvIqv `y‡hv‡M©i mgq †`Lv †M‡Q, y‡h©vM cieZ©x M„n wj-cybe©vm‡b

141

bvixi Ae`vb me‡P‡q †ekx| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi †bZxevPK AwfNvZ bvixi Dci

c‡o me‡P‡q †ekx| bvixi Rxeb I RxweKv wecyjfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯ nq|

ZvcgvÎv e„w×i d‡j mgy ªc„‡ôi DPZv e„w× cv‡e| Gid‡j evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq

wbgœv‡j GK‡KvwU gvbyl M„nnviv n‡e Ges mgy ª DcK‚jxq wbgœvÂj c­vweZ n‡e| †e‡o

hv‡e †bvbv cvwbi we vi| b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©b nIqvq evo‡e b`xfvOb| d‡j

DcK‚jxq A‡ji cÖvq cÂvk fvM b`x fvO‡bi wkKvi n‡e| eZ©gv‡b cÖwZeQi M‡o

`kjvL gvbyl f~wgnxb n‡Q Ges b`xM‡f© wejxb n‡Q bq nvRvi †n±i Avev x Rwg|

cÖwZeQi So, R‡jvQ¡vm, eb v, Liv, b`xfvOb cÖf„wZ y‡hv‡M© me©¯ nvwi‡q jvL jvL

gvbyl wbR †`‡k Rjevqy DØv ‧‡Z cwibZ n‡Q|

AwaKvsk wkí KviLvbv bMi‡K›`ªxK nIqvq Ges kn‡ii A_©bxwZ `ªZ cÖmvi jvf

Kivq Rjevqy I cwi‡ekMZ wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y wb:¯^ GmKj `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx

AwfevwmZ n‡q XvKvmn wewfbœ kn‡i G‡m †ewkifvM †¶‡Î AcÖvwZôvwbK †ckvi

mv‡_ hy³ nq| Gme LvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ n‡jv: nKvi, wbg©vY KvR,

BUfvUv, cv_i fvOv, BUfvOv, †kjvB‡qi KvR, ZuvZ, wewo KviLvbvi KvR, e¯¿

wcªw›Us, wcVv •Zwi, cyivZb M­vm fvOvi KvR, †g‡m ev evmv-evwo‡Z ivbœv,

ZwiZiKvix wewµ, Kvco †mjvB, kvox Kvco wewµ, wbg©vY Kv‡Ri †hvMvjx,

wUwdb †Kwiqv‡i Lvevi mieivn cÖf„wZ| GB Awfevmxi GKUv weivU Ask bvix I

wkï| wkïiv wewfbœ SuywKc~Y© KvR I bvixiv wewfbœ †ckvq bvggvÎ gRyix‡Z KvR

K‡i| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ Gme kªwgK‡`i R‡b¨ †`‡k †Kvb kªgbxwZ

†bB| hvi d‡j Zviv b¨vh¨ gRyix I mKj ai‡bi AvBwb AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ|

XvKv knimn Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i G mKj wb:¯ gvby‡li msL¨v µgvš‡q e„w× cv‡Q|

hvi d‡j bM‡i RbmsL¨vi Pvc µgk: e„w× cv‡Q| G Pvc Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j GK

mg‡q bMi‡Kw› ªK AeKvVv‡gvMZ bvbvwea mgm¨v Pig msK‡U ic †b‡e| d‡j

kvwš k„|Ljvi AebwZmn bvbvwea mvgvwRK mgm¨v cÖKU n‡q DV‡e

- G we Gg Avwbmy¾vgvb: cÖKí Kg©KZ©v, bvMwiK D‡`¨vM

142

Rjevqy cwieZ©b, ev¯‘P~¨wZ I AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z m —v kªgcÖevn: Ab¨vh¨ myweav‡fvM ebvg

AwaKviwfwËK b¨vh¨ mgvavb

†gv: Lvwj` †nvmvBb

cUf~wg

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`k c„w_exi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q wec`MÖ¯ †`‡ki GKwU;

A‡bK M‡elYv I wbe‡Ü evsjv‡`k‡K ejv n‡Q me©vwaK wec`MÖ †`k|

evsjv‡`‡ki GB wec`MÖ Zvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q KwZcq †f․MwjK, f~-cÖvK„wZK Ges

RbmsL¨vZvwË¡K Dcv`vb| evsjv‡`k wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡ki Lye Kv‡Q Aew¯Z

GKwU †`k Ges el©vKv‡j we‡k¦i me©vwaK e„wócvZ nq Ggb GjvKvi Kv‡Q Gi

Ae¯vb| •ewk¦K DòZvi Kvi‡Y wngvj‡qi RgvUevuav eid `ªZ M‡j Gi

cv`‡`‡ki AÂjMy‡jv‡Z eb¨vi cÖ‡Kvc Ges cv_i-aŸm evo‡e I 2-3 `kK ci

hLb RgvUevuav eid A‡bK K‡g hv‡e ZLb mswk­ó b`x¸‡jv‡Z cvwbcÖevn K‡g

hv‡e| †h‡nZz c~e© wngvjq A‡j eQ‡i hZ cvwb cÖevwnZ nq Zvi 90 kZvs‡ki

AwaK evsjv‡`‡ki Dci w`‡q cªevwnZ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i c‡o, ZvB eb¨vcÖeY

GB †`kwU‡Z wngvj‡qi eidMjv cvwbi AwaK cÖvc¨Zv ev ¯^íZv Avi Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y e„wócvZ †e‡o wM‡q AvKw¯§K eb¨vi Dc`ªe †`kwUi

wec`MÖ Zv evwo‡q w`‡e18

|

`w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvMi ZxieZx© evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq A‡ji Aew¯wZ, †hLv‡b

`ªZ DËß n‡q cov mgy`ª ¯^í mg‡qi e¨eav‡b m„wó Ki‡Q wec` m¤¢vebvi mZK©

ms‡KZ; hvi d‡j Pigfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯ n‡Q grm¨Rxex‡`i Rxeb-RxweKv| m„wó

n‡Q cÖjqsKix N~wY©So, R‡jvQvm| evo‡Q mgy‡`ªi DPZv, we¯xY© AÂj Avµvš

n‡Q jeYv³Zvq, wecbœ n‡Q K…wl Drcv`b| wm½vcy‡ii g‡Zv GKwU e„nr kni-

wfwËK ¶z`ª AvqZ‡bi †`kMy‡jv we‡ePbvq bv Avb‡j evsjv‡`k n‡Q we‡k¦i

me‡P‡q NbemwZc~Y© †`k hvi 40 kZvsk ev cÖvq 6 †KvwU RbMY `vwi ª¨mxgvi

wb‡P evm K‡i| RvwZms‡Ni gvbe Dbœqb m~P‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯vb 177wU

wbe‡Ü wjwLZ e³e¨ †jL‡Ki wbR¯^, hv A·dv‡gi e³e¨ bvI n‡Z cv‡i|

18

KvRx LjxKz¾vgvb Avng` (2008), Rjevqy cwieZ©b I evsjv‡`k, XvKv: MÖvgxY RxebhvÎvi ¯vwqZ¡kxj

Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖPvivwfhvb|

143

†`‡ki g‡a¨ 14019

| RbmsL¨vZvwË¡K Gme Dcv`vb †f․MwjK I f~-cÖvK„wZK

Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ wec`MÖ¯Zv‡K cÖKU K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|

†h‡nZz evsjv‡`k K…wlcÖavb Avi GLvbKvi RbMY MÖvgxY RxebhvÎvq Af¨ , ZvB

K…wlKvR I MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi mv‡_ f~-cÖK„wZi me‡P‡q wbKU Avštm¤ú‡K© Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi Zxeª AwfNvZ evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY RbMY‡K gvivZ¥K ûgwKi gy‡L

†d‡j‡Q|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q †bqv ev Awf‡hvRb‡K G †¶‡Î wU‡K _vKvi

GKwU cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e g‡b Kiv n‡jI Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AwfNv‡Z A‡bK vb

BwZg‡a¨ emev‡mi m¤ú~Y© Abyc‡hvMx n‡q c‡o‡Q hv fwel¨‡Z evo‡e •e Kg‡e

bv| Gi A‡gvN cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e wecyj cwigvY MÖvgxY `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx eva¨ n‡Q

ev ‧wfUv Z¨vM K‡i ARvbv Mš‡e¨ cvwo w`‡Z| evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Rbeûj †`‡k

DbœZZi Rxe‡bi Avkvq Zv‡`i †kl Mše¨¯j nq evsjv‡`‡ki AcwiKwíZ

bMi¸‡jv| GLb ch©š evsjv‡`‡k ch©vß wkívqb bv nIqvq I ïaygvÎ •Zwi

†cvkvK Drcv`b-wbf©i GKgyLx wkívqb nIqvq ev ‧P~¨Z RbMY cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z

Zv‡`i kªg wb‡qvwRZ Kivi my‡hvM cv‡Qbv Ges cwiYZ n‡Z cvi‡Q bv

cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi `¶ I Avav-`¶ kªwg‡K| bM‡ii AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z ZvB

evo‡Q Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y AMZ¨v-ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi m¯v kªgcÖevn| Zviv

M„nkªwgK, w`bgRyi ev wi·vPvj‡Ki f~wgKvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡Q| miKvi †h‡nZz

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z‡`i e¨vcv‡i cwiKíbvnxb I AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi kªgRxex‡`i AwaKv‡ii wel‡q wb¯ú„n, kªg AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© †c‡Ui `v‡q

ZvB AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y AMZ¨v-ev ‧P~¨Z RbMY wbðzc

_vK‡Q| Avi Gi myweav †fvM Ki‡Q bM‡ii Ae¯vm¤úbœ I weËevb RbMY|

wKš‧ wek¦Ry‡o Rjevqy b¨vh¨Zv AR©b welqK †h Av‡jvPbv-mgv‡jvPbv-M‡elYvi

So eB‡Q Zvi Avw½‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y AMZ¨v-ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi GB

cwiYwZ †Kvbµ‡gB MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡ibv, Zv‡`i `~‡f©vM-`~`©kv Ab¨‡`i

myweav‡fv‡Mi KviY nIqvi g‡Zv e‡ov Ab¨vh¨Zv Avi wK n‡Z cv‡i| †h‡nZz

Rjevqy b¨vh¨Zv AR©b welqK aviYvq abx `~lYKvix †`k¸‡jv‡K Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi `vq gv_vq wb‡q `~lY n«vm I ¶wZMÖ¯ †`k¸‡jv‡K ¶wZc~iY cÖ`vb

Kivi A½xKvi cÖ`v‡bi welqwUi Dci ¸iZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡Q, †m‡nZz Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi m¤¢ve¨ •ewk¦K Rjevqy Pzw³i KvVv‡gvq

cwiKwíZ I gh©v`vc ~Y© Awfevm‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| djkÖwZ‡Z, ev ‧P~¨Z

RbM‡Yi m¯v kªgcÖev‡ni Ab¨vh¨ myweav‡fvM bv K‡i †mB AwaKv‡ii Av‡jv‡K

19

Campaign for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (2008), Climate change adaptation financing:

managing a transparent and pro-poor fund in Bangladesh.

144

cwiKíbvgvwdK b¨vh¨ mgvav‡bi †Kvb Dcvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi AwfNvZ

†gvKvwejv Kivi cÖqv‡m mnvqK n‡Z Zv GB Av‡jvPbvi DcRxe¨ welq|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k ev¯‘P~¨wZ I AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z

kªgcÖev‡ni wPÎ

DbœZZi my‡hv‡Mi mÜv‡b ev ‧wfUv Z¨vM K‡i bM‡i cÖPzi gvby‡li AvMgb NUvq

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z n‡q Kviv AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªg wb‡qv‡M

eva¨ n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i Avjv`v Kiv I msL¨v wbiƒcY Kiv `yin n‡jI Am¤¢e bq|

Z‡e ev ‧wfUv Z¨vM Ki‡Z wK cwigvY gvbyl eva¨ n‡Q ev Zvi wKQz m¤¢ve¨ aviYv

cvIqv hvq wewfbœ M‡elYv †_‡K| †m›Uvi di †M­vevj †P‡Äi gvVch©v‡qi GK

M‡elYvi djvd‡j eZ©gvb Ae¯vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi fqven

AwfNv‡Z cÖwZeQi cÖvq 60 nvRvi gvbyl fvO‡bi Kvi‡Y, cÖvq 10 †_‡K 15

nvRvi gvbyl jeYv³Zvi Kvi‡Y I cÖvq 30 nvRvi gvbyl Rjve×Zvi Kvi‡Y

ev ‧wfUv Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ n‡e e‡j D‡j­L Kiv nq| ZvQvov cÖwZ

wZb †_‡K cuvP eQ‡i DËvj mgy`ª Avi R‡jvQ¡v‡mi Kvi‡Y cÖvq 1 j¶ †_‡K 1

j¶ wek nvRvi gvbyl ev ‧wfUv Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ n‡e e‡j

M‡elYvq AvksKv e¨³ Kiv nq20

| Av‡iK cÖ‡¶c‡Y 2100 mv‡j ïaygvÎ mgy`ª-

c„‡ôi DPZv 1 wgUvi e„w×i Kvi‡Y †m mgq bvMv` ax‡i ax‡i †gvU 4 †KvwUi

†ewk evsjv‡`kx ev ‧P~¨Z n‡e e‡j AvksKv e¨³ Kiv nq| AviI †ewk mgy`ª-

c„‡ôi DPZv e„w× †c‡j GB msL¨vI AvbycvwZK nv‡i †e‡o hv‡e e‡j AvksKv

e¨³ Kiv nq21

| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi `~`©kvMÖ¯ wPÎ I `ªZ bMivqb

cÖeYZv n‡Z GUv mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi wmsnfvM bM‡i emevm

Ki‡e|

bMi I MÖv‡g Kg©ms¯v‡bi eZ©gvb KvVv‡gv I MwZaviv j¶¨ Ki‡j ev ‧P~¨Z

RbMY †h bM‡i G‡m AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Zv‡`i kªg e¨q Ki‡e Zvi GKwU aviYv

cvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`k kªgkw³ Rwic 2005-2006 Gi cÖv_wgK wnmve Abyhvqx

evsjv‡`‡ki kniv‡j Kvh©iZ RbM‡Yi 31.2 kZvsk wbqwgZ †eZb‡fvMx

Kg©Pvix, hv‡`i g~jZt cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq|

Aciw`‡K MÖvgv‡j gvÎ 8.5 kZvsk RbMY wbqwgZ †eZb‡fvMx Kg©Pvix ev

cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z KvR Kivi AwfÁZvm¤úbœ| ZvB ev¯‧wfUv Z¨vM K‡i kn‡i

P‡j Avm‡Z eva¨ nIqv MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi AwaKvskB cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z KvR Kivi

20

Avnmvb DwÏb Avn‡g` I kiwg›` bx‡jvwg© (2008), Climate Change, Loss of Livelihoods and Forced

Displacement in Bangladesh: Whither Facilitated International Migration?, XvKv: MÖvgxY RxebhvÎvi

¯vwqZ¡kxj Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖPvivwfhvb I †m›Uvi di †M­vevj †PÄ| 21

myaxi †mj­v ivRb (2008), Blue Alert – Climate Migrants in South Asia: Estimates and

Solutions, †PbœvB: MÖxbwcm|

145

c~e© AwfÁZvi Afv‡e AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªg wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡e e‡j ¯^vfvweK

we‡ePbvq cÖZxqgvb nq| ZvQvov kniv‡j †h‡nZz 41.7 kZvsk Kvh©iZ RbMY

¯-wb‡qvwRZ Avi MÖvgv‡j Zv 42 kZvsk, GUv mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h bM‡i AvMZ

ev ‧P~¨Z RbMY‡K †¯Qvwb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡ÎI gRywii cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AeZxY© n‡Z nq

†hLv‡b AbwfÁ wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i •el‡g¨i wkKvi nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev¯—P~¨Z RbM‡Yi Rb¨ AwaKviwfwËK b¨vh¨

mgvavb

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi bM‡ii AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z m¯v kªg

wewµi wPÎwU wek¦Ry‡o Zv‡`i Rb¨ Rjevqy b¨vh¨Zv AR©‡bi †Rvi`vi cÖwµqvi

mv‡_ †Kvbfv‡eB m½wZc~Y© bq| G‡¶‡Î me©cÖ_‡gB Zv‡`i AwaKviwfwËK b¨vh¨

mgvav‡bi ZvwjKvq Avmv DwPZ m¤¢ve¨ •ewk¦K Rjevqy Pzw³i KvVv‡gvq `~lYKvix

abx †`k¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡`i cwiKwíZ I gh©v`vc~Y© Awfevm‡bi e¨e¯v Kiv| welqwU

eZ©gv‡b Pjgvb •ewk¦K Av‡jvPbvq BwZg‡a¨ Av‡jvwPZ n‡Q| m¤¢ve¨ •ewk¦K

Rjevqy Pzw³i j‡¶¨ MZ 15 †m‡Þ¤^i 2009 †hB Pzw³i Lmov Dc¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q

Zv‡Z Ggb cÖ¯ve Av‡Q †h Awf‡hvR‡bi Kvh©µg ev cwiKíbvq Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi RvZxq I AvšR©vwZK ch©v‡q cwiKwíZ

Awfevm‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©µg Ašf~©³ _vK‡e22

| ZvQvov cÖ ve Av‡Q Awf‡hvRb

Znwe‡ji A_© ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi RvZxq I AvšR©vwZK ch©v‡q cwiKwíZ

Awfevm‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ Kvh©µ‡g e¨q Kiv n‡e23

| GB ch©v‡qi Av‡jvPbvq

Z…Zxq eÜbxi e܇b Ave× GB ¸iZ¡c~Y© cÖ ve¸‡jv‡K eÜbx gy³ Kiv ZvB

evsjv‡`kmn wec`MÖ †`k¸‡jvi †b‡Mvwk‡qUi‡`i Rb¨ GK eo P¨v‡jÄ|

Z‡e `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ 2008 G cÖKvwkZ evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy cwieZ©b

welqK RvZxq †K․kj I cwiKíbvq Awfevmb welqK GKwU M‡elYvKg© Kiv

Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv Kvh©µg ivLv nqwb| eZ©gvb miKvi †mB RvZxq †K․kj I

cwiKíbvwU‡K ms‡kva‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q Ges Avkv Kiv n‡Q ms‡kvwaZ RvZxq

22

26. [Adaptation [action] [plan] includes: (f) [[Means to protect] [Activities related to

national and international [migration of] [displacement of] [planned relocation of] [responses to]] [climate [refugees] [migrants]] [persons] [individuals and peoples] [displaced by]

[affected by] [extreme climate events] [the [adverse] impact of climate change].]]. Document

no. FCCC/AWGLCA/2009/INF.2, Date. 15 September 2009. 23

35. [A Convention Adaptation Fund shall be established based on assessed contributions

from Annex I countries and other possible sources of finance. The Convention Adaptation

Fund must ensure sufficient financial resources for all developing country Parties to:]

[[Developed country Parties shall provide] [[Agreed] full cost and [agreed] [full]

[incremental] cost coverage, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3, [should be provided]

[, inter alia] for]: (q) [Activities related to national and international migration and

displacement or planned relocation of persons affected by climate change.]]. Document no. FCCC/AWGLCA/2009/INF.2, Date. 15 September 2009.

146

†K․kj I cwiKíbvq Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi RvZxq I

AvšR©vwZK ch©v‡q cwiKwíZ Awfevm‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvh©µ‡gi

w`Kwb‡ ©kbv _vK‡e| welqwUi ¸iZ¡ Abyaveb K‡i miKv‡ii DwPZ GKwU bxwZi

AvIZvq Kvh©µg¸‡jv cwiPvjbv Kiv| Gme Kvh©µ‡gi g~‡j _vKv DwPZ Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z ev m¤¢ve¨ ev ‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi gvbe m¶gZvi Dbœqb

NUv‡bv, hv‡Z Gme RbMY bM‡ii AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z m¯v kªg wewµ‡Z eva¨ bv

n‡q eis wb‡R‡`i cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Rb¨ m¶g K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

ZvQvov gh©v`vc~Y© AvšR©vwZK Awfevm‡bi `vexi †¶‡ÎI `¶ gvbem¤ú` GK

¸iZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| wek¦ evwY‡R¨i †mev evwYR¨

msµvš mvaviY Pzw³i AvIZvq †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ kª‡gi Aeva hvZvqvZ msµvš

cwiwk‡ó D‡j­L Av‡Q I m`m¨MY †mev cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ mKj ai‡Yi kªwg‡Ki

Aeva hvZvqv‡Zi wel‡q mywbw`©ó cÖwZkÖwZe× nIqvi j‡¶¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z

cv‡i| mywbw`©ó cÖwZkÖwZ‡Z kªwg‡Ki †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †hiƒc D‡j­L _vK‡e †m

Abyhvqx Zv‡`i †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z w`‡Z n‡eÕ24

| ZvB G msµvš Av‡jvPbvi

welqwU‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L miKvi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev¯‧P~¨Z RbMY‡K

AvšR©vwZK †mev evwY‡R¨i mv‡_ hy³ Kivi j‡¶¨ Awf‡hvRb Znwej I evwYR¨

m¶gZv e„w× msµvš Avw_©K mvnvh¨‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i|

†m›Uvi di †M­vevj †P‡Äi g‡Z †h‡nZz DËi Av‡gwiKv, BD‡ivc ev A‡÷ªwjqv

gnv‡`‡k Aew¯Z `~lYKvix abx †`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ Awfevm‡bi welqwU bZzb wKQz

bq25

, ZvB Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev ‧P~¨Z RbMY‡K Zv‡`i †`‡k gh©v`vc~Y©

Awfevm‡bi e¨e¯v Ki‡Z Gme †`‡ki we‡ivwaZv Kiv ¯^-we‡ivwaZv I HwZnvwmK

`vq Gov‡bvi bvgvši wn‡m‡eB we‡ewPZ n‡e| G‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki DwPZ

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y AMZ¨v-ev¯‧P~¨Z RbM‡Yi AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z m¯v

kªgcÖev‡ni Ab¨vh¨ my‡hvM MÖn‡bi cwie‡Z© AwaKviwfwËK b¨vh¨ mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨

Zv‡`i gvbe m¶gZv evwo‡q †Zvjvi Kvh©µg MÖnb Kiv I •ewk¦K Av‡jvPbvq

Zv‡`i c‡¶ „p Ae¯vb MÖnb Kiv|

- †gv: Lvwj` †nvmvBb: K¨v‡¤úBb †Kv-AwW©‡bUi, cwjwm GÊ G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm

wWcvU©‡g›U, A·dvg wRwe, evsjv‡`k

24

Kg©Rxwe bvix (2007), wek¦ evwYR¨ Pzw³gvjv|

25

Avnmvb DwÏb Avn‡g` I kiwg›` bx‡jvwg© (2008), Climate Change, Loss of

Livelihoods and Forced Displacement in Bangladesh: Whither Facilitated

International Migration?, XvKv: MÖvgxY RxebhvÎvi ¯vwqZ¡kxj Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖPvivwfhvb I

†m›Uvi di †M­vevj †PÄ|

147

Rjevqy cwieZ©b, bMivqb Ges AcÖvwZôvwbK

LvZ

gvRnvij Bmjvg

eZ©gvb ev¯ eZvq gvbyl¨ m„ó •ewk¦K DòZvi Kvi‡Y Rjevqy cwieZ‡©bi d‡j wek¦

A_©‣bwZK-ivR‣bwZK-mvgvwRK †¶‡Î Gi †bwZevPK cÖfve wek¦e¨vwc|

Z_vKw_Z DbœZ we‡k¦i wkívqb I †fvMwejvwmZvi Kvi‡Y G mgm¨v •Zwi n‡q‡Q

hvi wbg©g wkKvi Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl| evsjv‡`‡k Gi d‡j m„ó

mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg n‡jv Rjevqy DØv ‧| Rjevqy DØv ‧ ej‡Z mvaviYfv‡e Ggb

e¨w³‡K eySv‡bv nq †h Rjevhy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y msNwUZ †Kvb bv †Kvb

cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y ev ‧Pz¨Z n‡q‡Q| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Liv cÖeYZv e„w×, eb

DRvoKiY, mgy`ªc„‡ôi DPZv e„w×, n¨vwi‡Kb, N~wY©So, eb¨v ev U‡b©‡Wv Ges

DcK~jxq A‡ji gvwU I cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zv e„w× cÖavb `y‡h©vM wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|

GB `yf©vMv gvbyl¸‡jv cwiYZ n‡Q †kKowenxb, †`k cwiPqnxb Rjevqy

DØv ‧‡Z| Rjevqy cwieZ©b msµvš Avštivóªxq c¨v‡bj (AvBwcwmwm)Õi 4_©

G‡mm‡g›U wi‡cv‡U© Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, GB kZvãxi †kl bvMv` mgy`ªc„‡ôi

DPZv eZ©gv‡bi Zzjbvq Kgc‡¶ 59 †m.wg (cÖvq 2 dzU) ch©š e„w× †c‡Z

cv‡i| Gi cÖwZwµqvq DcK~jxq c­ve‡b Avµvš gvby‡li msL¨v cÖwZeQi 1 †KvwU

30 jvL †_‡K 9 †KvwU 40 jv‡L e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| Avi GB ANU‡bi 60

kZvskB NU‡e `w¶Y-Gwkqvq| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK~jxq A‡j 2030 I 2050

mvj bvMv` mgy`ªc„‡ôi DPZv eZ©gv‡bi Zzjbvq h_vµ‡g 14 †mw›UwgUvi I 32

†mw›UwgUvi (cÖvq 1 dzU) Ges 2100 mvj bvMv` 88 †mw›UwgUvi (cÖvq 3 dzU)

ch©š e„w× †c‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Kgc‡¶ 10 kZvsk GjvKv (cÖvq

14 nvRvi eM©wK‡jvwgUvi) mgy‡`ªi cvwb‡Z Zwj‡q hvIqvi Avk¼v i‡q‡Q, d‡j

DcK~jxq A‡ji †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl DØv ‧ n‡q co‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡Q|

cÖwZ eQi KZ gvbyl DØv ‧ n‡Q Zvi †Kvb wbf©i‡hvM¨ cwimsL¨vb cvIqv bv

†M‡jI cÖwZ eQi †`‡k ïay b`x fv½‡bi Kvi‡Y Kgc‡¶ 10 jvL gvbyl ¶wZMÖ¯

n‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Dc‡iv³ Rjevqy DØv ‧‡`i GKwU eo Ask AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ we‡kl K‡i K…wl

Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ| Giv DØv ‧ n‡q kn‡i cÖwZ wbqZ Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨

Avm‡Z ïi K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b D‡j­L¨ †h, Rjevqy DØv ‧iv cÖavbZ yÕfv‡e Zv‡`i

wf‡UgvwU Qv‡o cÖ_gZ cÖvK…wZK `~‡hv©‡M Lye Aí mg‡q AwaK msL¨K Ges

Av‡iKwU Ask Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y RxweKvi mgm¨v n‡j| ZvB B‡Zvg‡a¨

148

G `y cÖwµqvq †`‡ki kni¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZwbqZ G‡`i AvMgb NU‡Q| wcQ‡b †d‡j

Avm‡Q Zv‡`i nvRvi eQ‡ii wPi‡Pbv †jvKvjq, ms¯‥…wZ| G AvMg‡bi me‡P‡q

eo Ask wfo Ki‡Q XvKv kn‡i| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨

kni¸‡jv‡Z RxweKvi my‡hvM XvKvi Zzjbvq bMb¨| 1951 mv‡j kû‡i Rb‡Mvôx

†gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 4.34 kZvsk wQj †mLv‡b 1981 mv‡j 15.54 kZvsk Ges

1991 mv‡j Zv †e‡o `vuovq 20.15 kZvsk | 1993 mv‡j GK M‡elYv Abyhvqx

ew evmx‡`i g‡a¨ 18.1 kZvsk Ges iv¯vNv‡U evm K‡i G‡`i g‡a¨ 9 kZvsk

Rjevqy cwieZ©b A_©¨vr eb¨v, Liv, RxweKvi AwbðqZv, So, jebv³Zv BZ¨vw`

Kvi‡Y kn‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx 2001 mv‡j †gvU

wb‡qv‡Mi 65 fvM AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi mv‡_ RwoZ|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Drcv`b bvggvÎ mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvq ¶z`ª cwim‡i P‡j Ges

kªwg‡Ki wb‡qvM mvaviYZ †Kvb Pzw³ ev Avbyôvwbfv‡e nq bv| †mvRv fvlvq

Informal sector n‡jv LvbvwfwËK ev †Kvb ai‡bi wbeÜb QvovB cwiPvwjZ

GK ev GKvwaK D‡`¨vM hv ¯^wb‡qvwRZ D‡`¨vM wnmv‡e GKKfv‡e wKsev

†h․_fv‡e GKB cwiev‡ii m`m¨ wKsev GKvwaK cwiev‡ii m`m¨ Øviv cwiPvwjZ

nq Ges †hLv‡b wb‡qvM memgq LÊKvjxb n‡q _v‡K|

GgZve¯vq G †m±‡i †h‡nZz w`b w`b gvby‡li cwigvb e„w× cv‡Q ZvB miKvi I

Ab¨vb¨ mswk­ó‡`i AwaKZi bRi †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb| Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mywbw`©ó

¯^í, ga¨ I `xN© †gqvw` cwiKíbv| miKvi Rjevqy DØv ‧ Kgv‡Z AwaKZi

SzuwKc~Y© GjvKvq GWvc‡Ukb cwjwm Ki‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z K‡i GjvKvi gvbyl bZzb

cwiw¯wZ‡Z wb‡R‡`i Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i| GQvov ~‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv‡ZI

Kvh©Ki f~wgKv wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z `~‡h©v‡M gvby‡li Rvbgv‡ji ¶wZ Kg nq| Rjevqy

cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx ivóªmgy‡ni KvQ †_‡K ¶wZcyiY Av`v‡qi †Póv Ki‡Z

cv‡i| miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K G‡`i AwaKvi myi¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZgvjvmn

AvBb cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡`i Rb¨ b~¨bZg gRywi KvVv‡gv wbav©iY Kiv

cÖ‡qvRb| A_©‣bwZK myi¶vi Rb¨ ev‡RU eivÏmn wewfbœ ai‡bi c`‡¶c †bIqv

cÖ‡qvRb| †emiKvwi LvZI A_© FY Ges KvwiMix mnvqZvmn m¶gZv e„wׇZ

f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKiv wb‡Riv msMwVZ n‡q mgevq

Ges e¨vwKs e¨e¯v Pvjy Ki‡Z cv‡i| miKvi `xN©‡gqvw` cwiKíbv wn‡m‡e G

ai‡bi ¯^í `¶ kªwgK‡`i `¶ Rbkw³‡Z cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i ¯^í Av‡qi evm¯vb, cvwb, we`y¨r, M¨vmmn mKj cÖKvi bMi

†mevi e¨e¯v wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| miKvwi I †emiKvwifv‡e AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯¨MZ I †cbmb exgvi D‡`¨vM †bqv †h‡Z

cv‡i| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK msMwVZ n‡q wbR¯ msMVb •Zwi

Ges miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †bUIqvK© •Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

149

- gvRnvi‚j Bmjvg: wd«j¨vÝ M‡elK, mazhar1971@yahoo.com

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wn‡m‡e †nvg IqvK©vi

cwiw¯’wZ Ges †nvg IqvK© Kb‡fbkb 177

G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Kvwnb~i †eMg

`wi`ªZv ev A_©‣bwZK A¯QjZv KvwU‡q DV‡Z eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k AmsL¨ bvix

I wkï †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡Yi kªgg~Lx Kg©Rxeb| G‡Z cÖvwZôvwbK Kg©‡¶Î

QvovI i‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡Yi AcÖvwZôvwbK †¶Î| hvi g‡a¨ GKwU we‡kl †¶Î

n‡jv Ô†nvg IqvK© ÕGwUi evsjv bvgKiY Ki‡j uvovq ÔM„nKgÕ© Z‡e cvwievwiK

Kv‡Ri mv‡_ ev evmv evwoi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mswk­ó Kg©x ev kªwgKiv Gi AvIZvfy³

bq|

1996 mv‡j AvšR©vwZKfv‡e cvkK…Z †nvg IqvK© Kb‡fbkb 177 Abyhvqx,

cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡q wb‡qvMKZ©vi Kg© †¶‡Îi evB‡i Kg©xi M„n ev Zvi cQ›`bxq

†Kvb PZ¡‡i ev †h Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Kvb ¯vb wbw`©ó Kiv nqbv Ggb gybvdv

AR©bg~jK ev cY¨ Drcv`bmswk­ó KvR‡K Ô†nvg IqvK©Õ Ges †h Kv‡Ri d‡j

wb‡qvMKZ©v KZ„©K wb‡`©wkZ cY¨ Drcbœ nq Ges †mB Kv‡R e¨eüZ hš¿cvwZ I

DcKiY †hB mieivn KiK bv †Kb †m hw` †`‡ki AvBb wewa ev Av`vj‡Zi

wm×vš Abyhvqx ¯^vaxb Kg©x e‡j we‡ewPZ bv n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j wZwb ev Zviv †nvg

IqvK©vi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡eb| †nvg Iqv‡K© †h me KvR Kiv nq Zvi g‡a¨

D‡j­L‡hvM¨ n‡jvt wewfbœ KviKvR, †mjvB, Pzwo, †gvg, RyZv -m¨v‡Ûj, g¨vP ev·

wewo, AvMievwZmn bvbviKg wkíKg©|

m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`k RvZxq gwnjv AvBbRxex mwgwZ (BNWLA) KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ Situation analysis report on Home worker and readymade garments sector Gi m~Î Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b Kg©iZ †gvU bvix kªwgK‡`i 71% bvix Ges 20%

cyil †nvg IqvK©-mswk­ó Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| hv‡`i AwaKvs‡kiB Kg©Rxeb

ïi nq 10 †_‡K 12 eQi eqm A_©vr wkïKvj †_‡K|

†nvg IqvK© mswk­ó GB me wkí †`kxq Ges •ewk¦K evRv‡i †ek mgv`„Z Ges

ivR¯^ LvZ e„wׇZ AZ¨š ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| wKš‧ AZ¨š wbægv‡bi gRyixi

wewbg‡q GB¸wj •Zwi Ki‡Z AgvbweK kªg w`‡q hvq GmKj Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ

Kg©xMY| ejv hvq wb‡R‡`i `wi`ªZv KvwU‡q DV‡Z bvggvÎ gRyixi wewbg‡q

ga¨¯Z¡‡fvMx Ges gvwjKc¶‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e Av‡iv †gvUvZvRvKi‡Y mva¨gZ kªg

150

w`‡Z eva¨ nq G †¶‡Îi kªwgKiv| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z

weµq‡K›`ª¸wj‡Z KviyKvR ev •kwíK ¸‡Yi Rb¨B †cvkvK weµq nq yB †_‡K

`k nvRvi ev †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Gi †P‡qI †ewk wKš‧ mswk­ó mu~P Kg©x‡K †h

gRyix †`qv nq Zv 20 UvKv †_‡K 50 UvKv Ges hv †Kvb µ‡gB kÕ msL¨v ch©š

hvq bv| GB wbægv‡bi gRyix cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡ÎI bvbv ARynvZ †`wL‡q gRyixi

Askwe‡kl KZ©b Kiv nq ev †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î gRyix cÖ`v‡b wej¤ Kiv nq Ges

K‡e gRyix cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Zv ¯úó bv Rvwb‡q Zv‡`i‡K †Nviv‡bv nq| mvwe©K

cwiw¯wZ we‡k­l‡Y †`Lv hvq †h, G Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bvix I wkïiv gRyix †_‡K

†Zv ewÂZ n‡QbB, n‡Qb bvbvfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi| GgbwK gRyix

cÖ`vbKv‡j A‡b‡K †h․b wbcxo‡biI wkKvi n‡Qb|

G me †¶‡Î cÖwZw`b Kg©xi msL¨v e„w× cv‡Q| G m‡Ë¡I G Kv‡Ri †Kvb ¯^xK…wZ

†bB Ges hviv KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`iI kªwgK wn‡m‡e †Kvb ¯^xK…wZ †bB| evsjv‡`k

AvBGjI-Gi GKwU Ab¨Zg m`m¨ ivóª Ges AvBGjI Kb‡fbk‡bi gZv`‡k©

cÖYxZ evsjv‡`k Ôkªg AvBbÕ- 2006 hv kªwgK ¯^v_© we‡ivax wKQz aviv m‡Ë¡I

eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b †nvg IqvK© wel‡q wKQyB ejv nqwb Ges

Ô†nvgIqvK© Kb‡fbkb- 177Õ GLb ch©š evsjv‡`k ¯^v¶i ev Aby¯^v¶i K‡iwb|

m¤cÖwZ miKvi Ôkªg AvBb 2006 ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ Kg©m~Px nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q wKš‧

†mLv‡bI †nvg IqvK© welqwU Ašfy©³ Kivi wel‡q †Kvb wm×vš †bB| d‡j kªg

AvBb Abyhvqx G †¶‡Î wb‡qvwRZ kªwg‡Ki mwVK msÁv, h_vh_ gRyix, ¯^v ¨mn

mvwe©K wbivcËv m¤úwK©Z welqwU K‡e my¯úó n‡e †m welqwUI AwbwðZ|

G †¶‡Î kªwgKiv ïaygvÎ Zv‡`i wbg©g `wi`ªZv KvwU‡q DV‡ZB GB AwZ ¯^í

gRyix‡Z KvR K‡i Ges wewfbœfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB G

KvR¸wj Zviv wb‡R‡`i evmv evwo ejv hvq †Kvb g‡Z evm Kievi QvDwb -

†hLv‡b Av‡jv, evZvm, cvwb, ¯v¯¨ m¤§Z m¨vwb‡Ukbmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj †g․wjK

Pvwn`vi †KvbUvB c~iY nq bv A_©vr my¯fv‡e Zv‡`i euvPvi AwaKvi ¶zbœ nq

cÖwZg~û‡Z©| GB cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ †_‡KB GKUz fvj _vKvi cÖZ¨vkvq Zviv †nvg

IqvK© mswk­ó KvR K‡i _v‡K| †h‡nZz gRyix LyeB ¯^í †m‡nZz Aí mg‡q †ewk

†ewk KvR Kv‡i cywl‡q wb‡Z Zviv Zv‡`i wkï mšvb‡KI cy‡ivcywi gv‡qi mvwbœ‡a¨

_vKvi AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Z Ges cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ `vwq‡Z¡ ch©vß mgq

w`‡Z cv‡i bv| ZeyI wKš‧ gRyix †c‡Z Zv‡`i mB‡Z nq bvbv †fvMvwš| GLv‡b

GKwU †Km÷vwW D‡j­L¨ : †Kvb GK bvix kªwgK 500wU cvÄvex‡Z KviKvR

Kivi Rb¨ R‣bK ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMxi KvQ †_‡K †g․wLKfv‡e Pzw³e× nq| mgqwU

wQj C`yj wdZ‡ii c~e©eZ©x mgq| Avkv wQj D³ Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q †h gRyix

cvIqv hv‡e Zv w`‡q cwiev‡ii mevi Rb¨ C‡`i †cvkvKmn Ab¨vb¨ LiP

¯^vQ‡›` Kiv hv‡e| wKš‧ KvR¸wj hLb †m Rgv w`‡Z hvq ZLb 500wU cvÄvexi

151

g‡a¨ `ÕyGKwU‡Z mvgvb¨ ÎwU aiv covq cy‡iv gRyixB AvU‡K †`qv nq Ges

`xN©w`b ch©š Zv‡K Nywi‡q Nywi‡q Ae‡k‡l †ek wKQy UvKv KZ©b K‡i wKQy wKQy

K‡i cwi‡kva Kiv nq| G‡Z K‡i H Kg©x Zvi cwievi‡K C‡`i †h Lykx Dcnvi

w`‡Z †P‡qwQj Zvi wewbg‡q †Pv‡Li AmyLmn GKivk gvbwmK hš¿bv wb‡q Zv‡K

w`b KvUv‡Z nq| Dciš cwievi †_‡K Zvi Dci KvUv Nv‡q by‡bi wQUvi gZ

wbh©vZb †b‡g Av‡m| †Kbbv mšvb Ges cwievwiK KZ©e¨ cy‡ivcywi bv K‡i †m

†h KvR K‡i‡Q Zvi wewbg‡q †Kb †m GB C‡`i Av‡M wKQy w`‡Z cvi‡jv bv - †m

e¨_©Zvi `vq Zuvi Kuv‡aB Pvwc‡q Zv‡K bvbvfv‡e wbh©vZb Kiv nq|

GQvovI ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡`i KvQ †_‡K †h wKfv‡e Zviv wewfbœfv‡e eÂbvi wkKvi

nq Zv m‡PZb Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq mevB Rv‡bb ev Dcjwä K‡ib| GLv‡b

we‡klfv‡e D‡j­L¨ †h, mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póv ev kw³ hv BDwbqb ev G¨vjv‡qÝ ev

mvsMVwbK †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g m¤¢e †Zgb †Kvb kw³kvjx BDwbqb ev †bUIqvK©

†nvg Iqv‡K©i mv‡_ mswk­ó Kg©x‡`i AwaKvi cªwZôvq GLb ch©š Kvh©Ki †bB|

hw`I evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 38 Aby‡Q` Abyhvqx, ÔRbk„©_‡Ljv I •bwZKZvi ¯^v

AvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ hyw³m½Z evav wb‡la mv‡c‡¶ mwgwZ ev msN MVb

Kievi AwaKvi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki i‡q‡QÕ| G †¶‡Î ga¨¯Z¡‡fvMxMY‡K hv‡Z

†Kvb µ‡gB †nvg IqvK©viM‡Yi mw¤§wjZ kw³i Kvi‡Y bvRyK cwiw¯wZ‡Z bv

co‡Z nq †mRb¨ hv‡Z †Kvb iKg BDwbqb ev Gjv‡qÝ bv M‡o I‡V †mRb¨

ga¨¯Z¡ †fvMxMYI _v‡K AZ¨š mwµq| †KvbiKg m‡PZbZv †hb Zv‡`i g‡a¨

•Zwi bv nq †mRb¨I i‡q‡Q bvbv †K․kj| hw`I kªg cwiPvjK KZ©„K GKgvÎ

BDwbqb Bangladesh Home Workers women Association (BHWA) †iwRwóª

n‡q‡Q wKš‧ ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi mv‡_ GwU †Kvb µ‡gB

Gi mswk­óZv †bB|

SzuwKc~Y© KvR †hgb AvMievwZ I wewo kªªwgK‡`i †¶‡Î G Ae¯v Av‡iv fqven|

D`vniY wn‡m‡e GLv‡b wewo kªwg‡Ki welqwU D‡j­L KiwQ| cÖ_gZt wbg©g ¯^v¯¨

SzuwK _vKv m‡Ë¡I G †¶‡Î ¤í gRyixi Kvi‡Y bvix cyil Ges wkï ejv hvq

cwiev‡ii cÖvq mevB G Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K|

wØZxqZt †gvUv A‡¼i UvKv w`‡q G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GKai‡bi wUwKU ev bv¤^vi

wKb‡Z nq, hv †ewkifvM wewo kªwg‡Ki c‡¶ †Kbv Am¤¢e| d‡j hviv †K‡b

ZvivB ga¨¯Z¡ †fvMx wn‡m‡e cÖwZ nvRv‡i †hLv‡b wUwKU ev bv¤^vi a‡i eZ©gv‡b

cÖwZ nvRv‡i 19 UvKv gRyix wba©vwiZ †mLv‡b 9.50 UvKv A_©vr A‡a©K gRyixi

wewbg‡q wewo evbv‡bvi Kv‡R †g․wLKfv‡e Ab¨‡`i Pzw³e× K‡i jvfevb nq

ga¨¯Z¡‡fvMxMY| d‡j †ewk †ewk KvR K‡i cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wkïivI G

Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Z eva¨ nq| †h eq‡m wkïiv †jLv cov wk‡L ¯^wbf©i

152

nIqvi c‡_ GwM‡q hvIqvi K_v †m eq‡m Lv`¨ e¯¿mn †e‡uP _vKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b

Rei`w¯ Zv‡`i‡K w`‡q G ai‡Yi kª‡g eva¨ Kiv nq| A_P evsjv‡`k

msweav‡bi 34 Aby‡Q` Abyhvqx, mKj cÖKvi Rei`w¯ kªg wbwl× Ges GB

weavb †Kvbfv‡e jwNZ n‡j AvBbZt Zv `Êbxq Aciva e‡j MY¨ nqÕ Ges

evsjv‡`k kªg AvBb 2006 Abyhvqx wkï kªg‡K we‡klfv‡e AbyrmvwnZ Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`K AvBGjI KZ©„K AgvbweK SzuwKc~Y© kª‡gi wei‡× mKj ivóª‡K

m‡PZb _vK‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ SzuwKc~Y© n‡jI AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wn‡m‡e G

†¶‡Î miKvwi †Kvb bxwZgvjv ev †KvbI wb‡lavÁv Kvh©Ki bq| h‡kvi, Kzwóqv,

iscyimn wewfbœ ¯v‡b wkïmn wewo kªwgKMY wbg©g Kg©Rxe‡b eva¨ n‡Q|

evsjv‡`k RvZxq gwnjv AvBbRxex mwgwZi c¶ †_‡K iscyi nvivMvQ GjvKvq

m‡iRwgb ch©‡e¶‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q †h, NbemwZc~Y© nvivMvQ DcRjvq 99% wU

cwiev‡ii Av_©mvgvwRK Rxeb AwZevwnZ nq wewo, ¸jmn ZvgvKRvZ wbgœgv‡bi

cY¨ cÖ¯‧Z cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q| G GjvKvq 5 †_‡K 60 ermi eqm ch©š eq‡mi

mK‡jB G Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| G‡Z 55% fvM wkï G Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ

i‡q‡Q| GwU AZ¨š SzuwKc~Y© KvR n‡jI G Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡qB Giv †e‡o DV‡Q

GK Amy Ae¯vi ga¨ w`‡q| G GjvKvq gv‡qiv wewo evbv‡Qb Ges GKB mv‡_

Zv‡`i wkï mšvb‡K †Kv‡j wb‡q `ya w`‡Qb ev KLbI cwiev‡ii Rb¨ Lvevi

cÖ¯‧Z Ki‡Qb| GLv‡b mivmwi Zv‡`i bv‡K- gy‡L Ges kix‡i Zvgv‡Ki AZ¨š

¶wZKi ¸‡ov cÖ‡ek K‡i Pg©‡ivM, h²v, Kvwk, we‡kl K‡i nvcvbx †iv‡M

Avµv‡ši msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× n‡Q| m¤cÖwZ GKwU d‡jvAvc ÷vwW‡Z Rvbv

†M‡Q †h, RyjvB 2008 †_‡K Ryb 2009 ch©š nvcvbx ev G¨vRgv †iv‡M Avµvš

†ivMxi msL¨v 3653| GLv‡b h²v †ivM n‡jI A‡b‡K Gi wPwKrmv wb‡Z Pvq bv

eis †ivM‡K †Mvcb iv‡L| †Kbbv mvgvwRK Kzms¯‥vi Ges Ôh²v †iv‡Mi bvB

†Kvb i²vÕ G wek¦vm GLbI †m me GjvKvq cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| d‡j †ivMxiv

wewfbœ AvksKvq welqwU †Mvcb ivL‡Z Pvq| hw`I eª¨vK Gi ¯vbxq Awd‡mi

Kg©xMY evwo evwo wM‡q h²v †ivMx‡`i eywS‡q wPwKrmv wb‡Z eva¨ K‡ib| Z‡e

Kvwk, nvcvbx Ges h²vi g‡Zv GK ai‡Yi Amy‡L cÖvq mevB fy‡M _v‡K GjvKvi

RbMY hv‡K ÔevR©viÕ e‡j|

GK Z‡_¨ Rvbv hvq †h, 2007 †_‡K 2008 A_© eQ‡i mvwe©K ZvgvK LvZ †_‡K

miKvi 1231 †KvwU UvKv ivR¯^ Avq K‡i‡Q| GQvov wewo cÖ¯‧ZKvix cÖwZôv‡bi

gvwjKMY (2001 mv‡ji Z_¨ Abyhvqx) eQ‡i 133 †KvwU UvKv ivR¯^ w`‡jI

e¨vʇivjmn Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z Ki duvwK †`q eQ‡i cÖvq 500 †KvwU UvKv| GLv‡b

e¨vʇivj welqwU wb‡q mvavi‡Yi gv‡S cÖkœ Avm‡Z cv‡i ZvB G wel‡q e¨vL¨v

†`qvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b KiwQ| e¨Ê‡ivj n‡jv, wewoi c¨v‡K‡Ui Mv‡q GK cÖKvi

mv`v †j‡fj hv miKv‡ii ivR¯^ Lv‡Z †`qvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †cvó Awdm ev miKvi

153

KZ…©K wba©vwiZ `ßi †_‡K †Kbv nq| GB †j‡fj †Kbvi ci Zv cÖwZwU wewo

c¨v‡K‡U e¨envi Kivi K_v| wKš‧ gvwjK c¶ †`vKvb`v‡ii mv‡_ †Mvcb Pzw³i

gva¨‡g †ek wKQz LyPiv wewo mieivn K‡i Ges †ewkifvM †¶‡Î †`vKvb`viiv

c¨v‡KUK…Z †j‡fj AZ¨š my¶fv‡e †K‡U Zv cybivq e¨env‡ii Rb¨ gvwjK

c¶‡K n¯vši K‡i| Gfv‡e GKB †j‡fj K‡qKevi e¨envi K‡i miKvi‡K Ki

cÖvwß †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq| hvB †nvK GB wewo LvZ †_‡K gvwjK c¶, miKvi

Ges ga¨¯Z¡‡fvMxMY jvfevb n‡jI wewo kªwgKiv KvUvq gvb‡eZi Rxeb| hvB

†nvK GB me ga¨¯^Z¡ †fvMx‡`i gva¨‡g †hme KvRB Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Zv kªwgK

ev Kg©©xiv K‡i `wi`ªZvi wb‡®úl‡Y wKQy bv cvIqv †_‡K mvgvb¨ wKQy cvIqvUvB

†kªq - Ggb wek¦v‡mi †cÖw¶‡Z |

Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q mwVK gyj¨ cvIqv Ges wbivc` Kg©cwi‡ek cvIqv mKj gvby‡li

AwaKvi n‡jI GB AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ mswk­ó †¶‡Îi cÖvq me Kg©xB| †`‡k

cÖvwZôvwbK †¶‡Îi Zzjbvq AcÖvwZôvwbK †¶Îmg~n A‡bK †ewk cðvrc`| ivóªxq

msweav‡bi 28(4) Aby‡Q‡` ÔbvMwi‡Ki †h †Kvb AbMÖmi As‡ki AMÖMwZi Rb¨

we‡kl weavb cªYq‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡QÕ myZivs AcÖvwZôvwbK †¶‡Îi cðvrc` ev

AbMÖmi kªwgK‡`i Ae`vb‡K msiw¶Z Ki‡Z ivóª KZ…©K †nvg IqvK© Kb‡fbkY

177 G ¯^v¶i Ges Aby¯^v¶i K‡i Zv RvZxq kªg AvB‡b Ašf©y³ K‡i ev¯evq‡b

miKvi‡K Aek¨B m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K G Lv‡Zi Rb¨ RvZxq bxwZgvjv

cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b ga¨¯Z¡‡fvMx bq Ggb Kg©xiv mivmwi KvR cv‡e Ges

Zv‡`i Dci †h․b wbcxob- wbh©vZbmn mKj cÖKvi wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva, ¯^v¯¨

wbivcËv, fwel¨Z wbivcËv, b¨vh¨ gRyixmn mKj AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e|

Z‡eB AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ¸wj Dbœqbg~jK LvZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q mwZ¨Kvi

A‡_© G †¶‡Îi kªwgKiv Rbm¤ú` wn‡m‡e Ges kªwg‡Ki gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ n‡e|

Z‡e G Rb¨ fy³‡fvMx kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡`i

msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Zviv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q †mvPvi

n‡Z cv‡i| GQvov gvbevwaKvi msMVb, kªwgK msMVb, †UªW BDwbqbmn mswk­ó

mKj e¨w³- msMV‡bi mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq eZ©gvb MYZvwš¿K miKvi †hfv‡e M„n

kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ AvPiY wewa cÖYq‡b mw`Qv †cvlY K‡i‡Qb Ges AvBGjI G

welq‡K Kb‡fbkb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi Kvh©µg ïi K‡i‡Qb †mfv‡e †nvg

IqvK© Kb‡fbkbI ev¯evq‡b miKvi m‡Pó n‡eb e‡j cÖZ¨vkv KiwQ|

- G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Kvwnb~i †eMg: †WcywU wW‡i±i, G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm, evsjv‡`k RvZxq

gwnjv AvBbRxex mwgwZ (weGbWwe­DGjG)

154

M„nkªwgK wb‡qvM: mvgvwRK myi¶v I

bxwZgvjv

eyׇ`e wek¦vm

ïi‚i K_vt

f~‡Zi gZb †Pnviv †hgb wb‡e©va AwZ †Nvi-

hv-wKQy nvivq wMwbœ e‡jb, †Kóv †eUvB †Pvi|

DwV‡Z ewm‡Z Kwi evcvš, ï‡bI †kv‡b bv Kv‡b-

hZ cvq †eZ cvq bv †eZb, Zey bv †PZb gv‡b|

Kwe¸i iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zuvi KweZvq Gfv‡eB M„nf„Z¨‡`i Amnvq‡Z¡i K_v Zz‡j

a‡i‡Qb| M„nf„Z¨iv eiveiB Ggwbfv‡e wKQy wMwbœ-KZ©vi nv‡Z wbM„nxZ n‡Q,

†Pvi Acev` gv_vq e‡q †eov‡Q, Avi gyL ey‡R, Nvo ¸u‡R KvR K‡i P‡j‡Q|

†mev K‡i P‡j‡Q cÖfy, wMbœx Ges Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i| `vm cÖ_vi

AvbyôvwbK Z_v AvBbMZ we‡jvc n‡q‡Q A‡bK Av‡M `vm‡`i gyw³ w`‡Z| wKš‧

`vm cÖ_v AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e Avgv‡`i M„nvf¨š‡i GL‡bv i‡q †M‡Q| AvgivI

AZ¨š hZœ K‡i cÖ_vwU‡K jvjb K‡i P‡jwQ| cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ ïay f„Z¨i ¯‡j

cwiPviK/cwiPvwiKv kãwU †hvM n‡q‡Q| AvaywbK mgv‡Ri mf¨ gvbyl `vm‡`i

gh©v`vi welqwU‡K we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡`i bvgKiY K‡i‡Q M„nkªwgK| bvgKiY hvB

†nvK bv †Kb Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri ai‡Yi ev Zv‡`i mvgvwRK ev †ckvMZ Ae¯v‡bi

we‡kl †Kvb cwieZ©b nqwb AvRI| cvb †_‡K Pzb Lm‡j AvRI Zv‡`i Lywši

†QKv, †ejy‡bi evwo A_ev †Pvi Acev‡` wKj, jvw_ †L‡q g‡i †h‡Z n‡Q|

wkKvi n‡Z n‡Q †h․b wbh©vZ‡bi|

AZx‡Zi b¨vq eZ©gv‡bI M„nkªg †Kvb gh©v`vKi †ckv bq| M„nkªwgK‡`i A‡bKUv

†nq K‡i †`Lv nq| GUv †Kvb †ckvi ¯^xK„wZ †c‡Z cv‡i wKbv Zv wb‡qI i‡q‡Q

weZK©| GKvi‡Y kªwgK‡`i ¯^v_© mswk­ó welq wb‡q hLb †Kvb Av‡jvPbv nq ZLb

M„nkªwgK‡`i K_v †Zgb KvD‡K ej‡Z †kvbv hvqbv| AwaKvi ewÂZ GmKj

M„nkªwgK wbh©vZb I wbMÖ‡ni wkKvi n‡Q cÖwZwbqZ| weiƒc Avi ip AvPi‡Yi

g‡a¨ †_‡KI Zviv A‡bKUv gyL ey‡R Zv‡`i cÖwZ †h Ab¨vq AwePvi Kiv nq Zv

†g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ n‡Q KviY Zv‡`i‡K GB yie¯v †_‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl

†Kvb AvBb-Kvbyb †bB, †bB †Kvb we‡kl wewa e¨e¯v| Ggb †Kvb RvqMv Zv‡`i

†bB †hLv‡b Zv‡`i cÖwZ †h Ab¨vq AwePvi Kiv nq †m¸‡jv Zviv gyL Ly‡j ej‡Z

155

cv‡i; †c‡Z cv‡i b¨vh¨ wePvi| mwVK bxwZgvjv I wb‡qvM wewa bv _vKvq

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi GB kªwg‡Kiv cÖwZwbqZB wbMÖ‡ni wkKvi n‡Q|

M„nkªwgK‡`i Kv‡Ri aibt

M„nkªwgK‡`i mve©Rbxb msÁvqb wKQyUv RwUj| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e, M„nKΩx‡K

M„n vjx Kv‡RK‡g© mnvqZv Kiv, †Kvb evmv ev †g‡m ivbœv-evbœvmn hveZxq KvR

Kivi Rb¨ ¯vqx ev A vqx wfwˇZ †h bvix, cyil ev wkï wb‡qvM cÖvß nq

Zv‡`i‡K M„nkªwgK e‡j| M„nkªwgK‡`i †Kvb mywbwÏ©ó KvR †bB| M„n¯vgx ev

M„nKΩxi wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx Zv‡`i wewfbœ& ai‡Yi KvR Ki‡Z nq| evmvevox‡Z

cyil M„nkªwgK‡`i‡K mvaviYZ wewfbœ dzU digvm LvU‡Z, `v‡ivqvb ev †Kqvi-

†UKvi, gvjx ev WªvBfvi wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Z Ges evRvi Ki‡Z †ewk †`Lv hvq|

Ab¨ w`‡K bvix M„nkªwgK‡`i‡K M„n vjxi wewfbœ KvR Z_v Ni †avqv-†gvQv,

evmb-†Kvmb gvRv, Kvco †auvqv, ivbœv-evbœv Kiv, gmjv evUv BZ¨vw` Kv‡R

wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq| GmKj Kv‡R kn‡ii M„nKΩxiv wV‡K wS ev QyUv

eyqvi Dci †hgb wbf©ikxj †Zgwbfv‡e Aíeqmx †g‡q‡`i‡K ¯vqxfv‡e

wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡ZI †`Lv hvq|

M„nkªwg‡Ki msL¨vt

evsjv‡`‡k wK cwigvb †jvK M„nkªwgK wnmv‡e wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb Zvi miKvwi-

†emiKvwi †Kvb mwVK cwimsL¨vbMZ Z_¨ cvIqv fvi| AvBGjI Gi mnvqZvq

evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv (weweGm) cwiPvwjZ RvZxq wkïkªwgK Rwic Z‡_¨

Rvbv hvq, †`‡k 74 jvL 20 nvRvi wkï wewfbœ †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ hvi g‡a¨

†g‡qi msL¨v 19 jvL 20 nvRvi, Gi g‡a¨ 1 jvL 1 nvRvi 676 Rb wkï

M„nkª‡gi mv‡_ RwWZ| wKš‧ †emiKvwi msMVb •kke-evsjv‡`‡ki GK mgx¶vi

Z_¨vbyhvqx, ïay XvKv kn‡iB 3 jvL wkï M„nkªwg‡Ki KvR K‡i hvi kZKiv 80

fvM †g‡q| XvKv kn‡i M„ncwiPvwiKv wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ bvix kªwg‡Ki msL¨v 2 jvL

25 nvRvi| Gg‡a¨ 90 fvM n‡Q AcÖvß eq¯‥ hv‡`i eqm 9 †_‡K 16 eQ‡ii

g‡a¨| Aí cvwikªwg‡K wbhy³ Kiv hvq e‡j Kb¨v wkï‡`i K`i Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e

†ewk| Ab¨ GKwU m~‡Îi Z_¨ g‡Z †`‡k †gvU wkïkªwg‡Ki 20.7 kZvsk M„nK‡g©

wbhy³| Gi g‡a¨ †Q‡j wkï kªwg‡Ki gvwmK Mo Avq 992 UvKv Ges †g‡q wkï

kªwg‡Ki Mo Avq 864 UvKv| 2000 mv‡j evsjv‡`k BÝwUwUDU Ae †jevi

÷vwWR KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ GK cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx ZLb XvKv kn‡i Kg©iZ

M „nkªwgK‡`i 80 kZvsk wQj bvix Ges Zvi g‡a¨ 34 kZvsk wQj wkï| GB

msL¨v MZ AvU-bq eQ‡i †h †e‡o‡Q Zv Avi ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv| 2002-

2003 mv‡ji cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ 5 †_‡K 17 eQ‡ii

wkïkªwg‡Ki msL¨v n‡Q 1 jvL 1 nvRvi 676 Rb Gi g‡a¨ †g‡q 80 nvRvi

156

993 Rb Avi †Q‡j 20 nvRvi 683 Rb| Dc‡iv³ cwimsL¨vb¸‡jv

M„nkªwgK‡`i e¨vcK Pvwn`vi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q|

M„nkªwgK‡`i Ae`vbt

c~‡e© M„nf„Z¨ ivLv wQj AvwfRv‡Z¨i cÖZxK wKš‧ AvR M„nkªwgK ivLv cÖ‡qvRb

wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| AvR‡Ki GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK we‡k¦ mKj‡K Kv‡Ri

mÜv‡b QyU‡Z n‡Q| wcwQ‡q †bB bvixI| wKš‧ bvix Zvi wPišb M„n vjx `vwqZ¡

†_‡K cy‡ivcywi gy³ n‡Z cv‡iwb| we‡klZ PvKzixRxex bvix‡`i Dci GB †evSv

GKUz †ewk| Awd‡mi KvR †kl K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Avevi M„n vjxI mvgjv‡Z nq|

mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q Wvwe­Dwewe Uªvó Gi GK M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, GKRb bvix cÖvq

16 N›Uv wewfbœ iKg M„n vjx Kv‡R wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| GB 16 N›Uvq

Zv‡`i †h wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ, Zv‡K kª‡gi weKí e¨envi RwbZ LiP, M„n Z`viKxi

cÖwZ vcb RwbZ LiP Ges `vwq‡Z¡i cÖwZ vcb RwbZ m¤¢ve¨ LiP Gi gva¨‡g

wn‡me K‡i GKRb bvixi gvwmK M„n vjx Kv‡Ri A_©g~j¨ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q 10

nvRvi 166 UvKv hv evrmwiK wnmv‡e cÖvq 1 jvL 21 nvRvi 996 UvKv (cÖwZ

N›Uv KvR, Kv‡Ri N›Uv Abyhvqx cÖ`Ë cwi‡kvwaZ gvwmK Avq †_‡K cªvß)

GBfv‡e wn‡m‡e Ki‡j †`‡ki 24.5 wgwjqb (weweGmÕi Z_¨vbymv‡i) c~Y©mgq

M„n vjx Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kn‡ii bvixi evrmwiK 29 jvL 88 nvRvi 914

wgwjqb UvKv ev 42.7 wewjqb Wjv‡ii mgg~‡j¨i KvR Ki‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K

c~Y©mgq M„n vjx Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bvixi cvkvcvwk kni GjvKvq 2.5 wgwjqb

c~Y©mgq Kg©Rxex bvix i‡q‡Qb hviv Awd‡m KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk M„n vjx

Kv‡RI cÖvq mgcwigvY mgq e¨q K‡ib| Zv‡`i e¨q Kiv mgq Abyhvqx MÖv‡g

c~Y©Kvjxb M„n vjx Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ bvix‡`i Kv‡Ri A‡a©K mgqI hw` aiv nq

Zvn‡j kn‡i Kg©Rxex bvix‡`i Kv‡Ri A_©g~j¨ uvov‡e evrmwiK 1 jvL 52

nvRvi 496 wgwjqb ev 2.18 wewjqb Wjv‡ii mgcwigvY|

d‡j msmv‡ii evowZ Kv‡Ri †h †evSv Zv GKvi c‡¶ mvgjv‡bv A‡bK bvixi

Rb¨ KwVb n‡q c‡o| Avi wZwb hw` nb m`¨RvZ mšv‡bi gv Zvn‡j †Zv welqwU

AviI KwVb| G Kvi‡Y cª‡qvRb GKRb mnKvix ev Kv‡Ri †jvK ev M„nkªwgK|

M„n vjx Kv‡Ri wekvj Kg©h‡Ái A‡a©K KvRI hw` M„nkªwgKiv K‡i Zvn‡j

RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv‡`i Ae`vb AšZ K‡qK wgwjqb Wjvi| ejv evûj¨ n‡e

bv †h Avgv‡`i †`‡ki jvL jvL M„nkªwgK †mB Ae`vbUv ivL‡QbI|

GKRb bvix M„nkªwgK GKRb M„nKΩxi cÖwZf~| †KvUv-evQv, ivbœv-evbœv, evPv

mvgjv‡bv, gkjv †clv, Ni-†`vi Svo †`qv ev Kvco-†Pvco cwi®‥vi Kiv cÖwZwU

KvR GKRb bvix M„nkªwgK h‡_ó `¶Zvi mv‡_ K‡i _v‡Kb| GKRb Kg©Rxex

bvix Zvi mgqUzKz‡K m„Rbkxj Kv‡R e¨q Ki‡Qb Zvi msmv‡ii Sv‡gjvc~Y©

157

KvR¸‡jv‡K M„nkªwgK Gi Dci †Q‡o †`evi Kvi‡YB| GB KvRUzKz hw`

M„nkªwgKwU bv KiZ Zvn‡j Zvi weKí wPšv Kivi my‡hvM •Zwi nZ bv|

M„nkªwgK‡`i GB A`„k¨ Ae`vb‡K Avgiv †KDB †Kvbfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kwi bv;

¯^xKvi Kwi bv| cÖKvivš‡i Zv‡`i DV‡Z em‡Z wbh©vZb Kwi|

M„nkªwgKiv ARmª KUz K_v ï‡bI M„nKÎx‡`i Sv‡gjvc~Y© KvR¸‡jv‡K webv evK¨

e¨‡q K‡i P‡j‡Q Zvi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q Zvi cwiev‡ii `vwi`ª¨, weiƒc mvgvwRK

AvPiY A_ev †Kvb Kib e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv| †Kvb ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v bvix A_ev

†Kvb cÖZvwiZ wK‡kvix nqZ eva¨ nq GUv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e †e‡Q wb‡Z| Z‡e

mewKQzi g~‡j †h Zvi mxgvnxb `vwi`ª¨ RwoZ †m wel‡q †Kvb m‡›`n bvB|

`vwi‡ ª¨i Kvi‡Y H M„nkªwgKwU eva¨ n‡q‡Q Ggb GKwU †ckvq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ

Ki‡Z| UvbvUvwbi msmv‡i GKUz ¯^vQ‡›`i Avkvq evev gv Zvi †QvÆ †g‡qwU‡K

kn‡i †Kvb GK evwo‡Z †i‡L‡Qb| wKš‧ Zv‡`i Av`‡ii †g‡qwU ev †Q‡jwU †h

n‡q †M‡Q ÔKv‡Ri †g‡qÕ ev ÔKv‡Ri †Q‡jÕ †m Lei nqZ wZwb Rvb‡ZB

cv‡ibwb| Avi Kv‡Ri mvgvb¨Zg fy‡ji †LmviZ w`‡Z n‡Q M„nKΩxi Mig Lywši

†QKv m‡q A_ev M„nKZ©vi jvjmv †gUv‡Z Rxeb w`‡q|

Aiw¶Z M„nkªwgK:

M„nkªwgK‡`i Dci wbh©vZb GKwU wbZ¨ •bgwËK NUbv| M„nkªwgK‡`i Dci †h

wbh©vZb wbcxob P‡j Zv msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ nevi AvM ch©š Lye KgB cÖKvwkZ

nq| Avi msev`c‡Î hLb cÖKvwkZ nq ZLb H M„nkªwgKwUi g„Zz¨i Lei

cÖKvwkZ nq bZzev wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j g„Zz¨i mv‡_ cvÄv jovi Lei †ei nq|

mgv‡Ri DP †kªYx †_‡K ïi K‡i wbgœ †kªYxi cÖ‡Z¨‡KB M„nkªwgK‡`i wbh©vZ‡b

wm×n | msev`c‡Îi G Lei¸‡jv mwZ¨B Avgv‡`i g‡b Kwi‡q †`q †h Avgiv

GLbI `vm cÖ_v‡K jvjb K‡i PjwQ| evsjv‡`k gwnjv AvBbRxex mwgwZi Z_¨

g‡Z 2004 mv‡j mviv‡`‡k †gvU 121 Rb M„nkÖwgK wewfbœ wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi

n‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ 33 Rb kvixwiK wbh©vZb, 26 Rb Lyb, 18 Rb al©Y, 1 Rb

MYal©Y, 10 Rb al©‡Yi ci Lyb, 2 Rb‡K Av¸‡b cywo‡q nZ¨v, 11 Rb

A¯vfvweK g„Zy¨i wkKvi Ges 2 Rb AvZ¥nZ¨vq eva¨ n‡q‡Q| wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi

†ewkifv‡Mi eqmB 18 eQ‡ii bx‡P| †gvU 121wU NUbvi g‡a¨ 94wU NUbvq

gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2004 mv‡ji A‡±vei-wW‡m¤i gv‡m 19 Rb

M„ncwiPvwiKv wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Q, Gi g‡a¨ 9 Rb wbnZ Ges 10 Rb wewfbœfv‡e

AvnZ n‡q‡Q| A_P Gme NUbvq gvgjv n‡q‡Q 7 wU Ges †MÖdZvi n‡q‡Q gvÎ 2

Rb|

KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Nywg‡q cov, Nyg †_‡K DV‡Z †`ix Kiv, evmb ev Kvc wcwiP

†f‡½ †djv, Wv‡K mvov w`‡Z GKUz †`ix Kiv, †ewk¶Y ev_i‡g _vKv, kã K‡i

158

Kvbœv KvwU Kiv, wg_¨v Pzwii Awf‡hvM, M„nKZ©v ev Zvi †Q‡ji Ak­xj Bw½‡Z mvq

bv †`qv BZ¨vKvi bvbvwea Kvi‡Y M„nKΩx ev Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i n‡Z

wbM„wnZ ev wbh©vwZZ n‡Z nq M„nkªwgK‡`i| wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j †Kvb M„nkªwgK gviv

†M‡j Zv avgv Pvcv †`evi Rb¨ cwiev‡ii mK‡jB AskMÖnY K‡i| M„nkªwgK‡`i

g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq Kb¨v wkï kªwgKiv| evsjv‡`k gwnjv

AvBbRxwe mwgwZi Z_¨ g‡Z 2004 mv‡j wbh©vwZZ 121 Rb M„nkªwg‡Ki g‡a¨

me©vwaK 74 R‡bi eqmB 7 †_‡K 18 eQ‡ii g‡a¨| wKš‧ mf¨ mgv‡Ri BU

cv_‡i Mov SKS‡K Bgvi‡Zi g‡a¨ evm Kiv my›`i gvbyl¸‡jv GB wewfwlKvgq

Kv‡R Ask †bq e‡j Gi wefrmiƒc Avgiv evB‡i †_‡K †`L‡Z cvB bv|

wkï Kb¨v M„nkªwgK‡`i Dci †h․b wbh©vZb me©v‡c¶v eo wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv|

wK‡kvix ev Aí eqmx †g‡qiv hviv ¯vqx M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zviv G

RvZxq wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq †ewk| Avi hviv G‡`i Dci wbh©vZb K‡i Zviv

evB‡ii †KD bq, H cwiev‡iiB cyil m`m¨| `wi`ª bvix M„nkªwgKwUi

Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hvM †bq evwoi wK‡kvi †Q‡jwU †_‡K ïi K‡i e‡qvte„× ch©š|

evwoi ÒKv‡Ri †Q‡jÓ A_©vr cyil M„nkÖwgK Ges WªvBfviI G my‡hvM wb‡Z wØav

K‡i bv| Avi G Amr D‡Ïk¨ cwic~i‡Y †Kvb GK c¶ e¨_© n‡j Kv‡Ri †g‡qwUi

Dci †b‡g Av‡m AK_¨ wbh©vZb hv Pj‡Z cv‡i `xN©w`b| †h․b wbh©vZ‡bi GKwU

AeavwiZ dj nj AštmË¡v nIqv Ges hvi cwibwZ ÒKv‡Ri †g‡qi inm¨RbK

g„Zz¨Ó| evsjv‡`k BÝwUwUDU Ae †jevi ÷vwWR -wejm& Gi GK mgx¶v

cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv n‡q‡Q 2004 mv‡j 57 Rb Kg©Rxex bvix I wkï al©‡Yi wkKvi

n‡q‡Q Ges Kgc‡¶ 10 Rb‡K al©‡Yi ci nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ al©Y I

mwnsmZvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q 11 Rb bvix M„nkªwgK| al©‡Yi ci nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q

Ggb kªwg‡Ki g‡a¨ bvix M„nkªwg‡Ki msL¨v wZb|

kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi cvkvcvwk gvbwmK wbh©vZbI Kg Kiv nq bv M„nkªwgK‡`i

Dci| gvwUi mvbwK‡Z †L‡Z †`qv, wiKm&vi cv`vwb‡Z em‡Z †`qv, evwm cPv

Lvevi †L‡Z †`qv, wUwf †`Lvi mgq †g‡S‡Z em‡Z †`qv cÖf„wZfv‡e

M„nkªwgK‡`i gvbwmK wbh©vZb Kiv nq| evwoi mK‡j evB‡i †eov‡Z †M‡j

M„nkªwgK‡`i evwo‡Z Zvjv †g‡i †i‡L hvIqv nq| †Kvb wKQy evmv †_‡K nviv‡j

m‡›`‡ni „wó wM‡q c‡o M„nkªwgKwUi Dci| Zv‡`i †Kvb fvj Rvgv Kvco ci‡Z

†`qv nqbv| GmKj iƒp AvPiY wbtm‡›`‡n Zv‡`i gvbwmKfv‡e cxwoZ K‡i|

Kv‡Ri †Q‡j ev †g‡q wekªvg Ki‡e GUv cQ›` K‡i bv A‡bK M„nKΩx| Avi ZvB

Zv‡`i wewfbœ cÖKvi KvR w`‡q e¨¯ iv‡Lb Zviv| Pvj †e‡Q cwi®‥vi Kiv hvi

Ab¨Zg| ¯vqx M„nkªwgKiv mvaviYZ †Kvb QywU cvq bv| M„nKΩx QywU w`‡ZI Pvq

bv| d‡j MÖv‡gi †Lvjvgv‡V Qz‡UvQzwU K‡i †eov‡bv †Q‡j ev †g‡qwU Pvi †`qv‡ji

wbtm½Zv Avi civaxbZvq ew›` n‡q c‡o|

159

mvgvwRK myi¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv:

bvix gv‡ÎB M„n vjx Kv‡R mshyw³ AeavwiZ| PvKzixRxex n‡jI bvix‡K M„n vjxi

Kv‡R mgq e¨q Ki‡ZB nq| Z‡e M„n vjx Kv‡R †h‡nZz `„k¨Z †Kvb A_©

DcvR©b nq bv ZvB G¸‡jv‡K Ô†g‡q‡`i KvRÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| wkïi

jvjb-cvjb, ivbœv-evbœv ev M„n vjxi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †h‡nZz †Kvb

A‡_©vcvR©b nqbv ev cvwikªwgK cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv †mKvi‡Y G¸‡jv‡K Òg~j¨nxbÓ

ev ÒA`„k¨Ó KvR wn‡m‡e wPšv Kiv nq| GKRb bvix h‡_ó `¶Zvi mv‡_ G

mKj KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡jI g~j¨vqb Kiv nq bv †m mKj `¶Zv| M„nkªwgKiv

GB A`„k¨ kª‡gi A`„k¨ kªwgK| d‡j mvgv‡R Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri †Kvb ¯^xK…wZ †bB|

kªwgK wnmv‡e Zv‡`i ¯^xK…wZ †`qv nq bv †Kv_vI| Kv‡Ri ¯^xK„wZ bv _vKvi

cvkvcvwk M„nkªwgK‡`i `vex ev Zv‡`i cÖwZ †h wbh©vZ‡bi K_v Zv ejvi †Kvb

msMwVZ †dvivgI †bB| m‡e©vcwi M„nkªwgKiv †mBfv‡e msMwVZI bv| d‡j

M„nkªwgKiv wb‡R‡`i‡K myi¶v Ki‡Z wb‡R‡`i D‡`¨v‡MB †Kvb HK¨e× cÖwZ‡iva

M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡ibv |

Avgv‡`i †`‡k M„nkªwgK‡`i wbh©vZb K‡i cvi cvIqv A‡bK mnR| M„nkÖwgK‡`i

wbh©vZb Kivi ci wbh©vZbKvix ev Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv wewfbœ fq fxwZ cÖ`k©b

ev Av‡cvl idvi gva¨‡g cvi †c‡q hvq| †Mvc‡b UvKv cqmv w`‡q wgwU‡q †d‡j

me wKQy| Avi G¸‡jvi me m¤¢e n‡Q †`‡k M„nkªwgK‡`i i¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb

mywbw`©ó AvBb bv _vKvq| wb‡qvM`vZvi BQv GL‡bv M„nkÖwgK‡`i fvM¨ wba©viY

K‡i| M„nKZ©v Zvi BQv gvwdK GKRb M„nkÖwgK‡K Kv‡R wb‡qvM w`‡Z cv‡i

Avevi PvB‡j ev`I w`‡Z cv‡i| BQvgvwdK †h‡Kvb cvwikªwgK ev my‡hvM myweav

wba©viY K‡i‡Z cv‡ib wb‡qvM`vZv| G‡¶‡Î †m Kv‡iv Kv‡Q `vqe× bq| eis

Mixe †Q‡j ev †g‡qwU‡K Avkªq w`‡q wZwb A‡bK gnr KvR K‡i‡Qb e‡j g‡b

K‡ib| Avi GKvi‡Y kvixwiK ev gvbwmK wbwcob Ki‡Z ev KZ©„Z¡ djv‡Z

Zv‡`i †Kvbfv‡e ev‡a bv| `vwi`ª¨ cxwoZ cwiev‡ii m`m¨ nIqvq Zv‡`i c‡¶

A‡c¶vK…Z abx M„n¯vgx‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii wec‡¶ †Kvb K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv|

wb‡qvM`vZvi BQv Avi AwbQv Kv‡Q wRw¤§ M„nkªwgKiv|

wb‡qvMwewa I mywbw`©ó AvB‡bi Afve:

M„nkªwgK‡`i wb‡qvM, †eZb KvVv‡gv, Kg©N›Uv I Zv‡`i my‡hvM myweavi wbw`©ó

†Kvb bxwZgvjv †bB| mvaviYZ wb‡qvM `vZvi gwR© gvwdK Zv‡`i GKwU gvwmK

ev evrmwiK †eZb wba©vwiZ nq Ges †mwU Aem¤¢vex fv‡e AwjwLZ| d‡j †Kvb

cÖKvi Awbqg n‡j M„nkªwgK‡`i i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †KD GwM‡q Av‡m bv| wb‡qvM

wewagvjvi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i cÖwZ cÖwZwbqZ †h wbh©vZb n‡Q Zv †_‡K Zv‡`i‡K

160

i¶v Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb we‡kl AvBbI †bB| mv¤úªwZK kªgAvBb 2006 - Gi

g‡a¨ M„nkªwgK‡`i wel‡q wKQz ejv †bB|

AvšÍRwZK kªg ms¯v- AvBGjIÕi 83 Zg Awa‡ek‡b M„nKg©x‡`i Kv‡Ri

kZ©vejx cÖ‡qv‡Mi mvaviY gvb m¤úwK©Z AvšR©vwZK kªg Kb‡fbkb I

mycvwikgvjv ¯§iY †i‡L 1996 mv‡ji 20 Ryb Ô†nvg IqvK© Kb‡fbkb 177,

1996Õ G M„wnZ nq hv 2000 mv‡ji GwcÖj gvm †_‡K ejer i‡q‡Q| GB

Kb‡fbk‡bi Aby‡Q` 4 Ges 2 G ejv n‡q‡Q- mgAvPiY m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg †h

mg †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ ; we‡kl K‡i, K. M„nK‡g© wbhy³ kªwgK‡`i cQ›`gZ †Kvb

msMVb cÖwZôv ev †Kvb ms¯vq †hvM`vb Ges GB ai‡bi ms vi Kg©Kv‡Ê †¯^Qvq

AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKvi| L. PvKzwi ev †ckvi •elg¨ †_‡K i¶vi AwaKvi M.

Kg©‡¶‡Î †ckvMZ ¯v¯¨ I wbivcËv i¶vi AwaKvi N. cvwikªwgK cvevi AwaKvi

O. mswewae× mvgvwRK wbivcËv i¶vi AwaKvi P. cÖwk¶Y MÖn‡Yi AwaKvi Q.

K‡g© ev PvKzix‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki wbgœZg eqmmxgv R. gvZ…Z¡ i¶vi AwaKvi|

D³ Kb‡fbk‡bi Aby‡Q` 5 G D‡j­L i‡q‡Q †h, AvBb, wewa, †h․_Pzw³, mvwjk-

wb®úwË A_ev RvZxq cÖ_vi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ c~Y© Ab¨ †Kvb †hvM¨ Dcv‡qi gva¨‡g

M„nKg© m¤úwK©Z RvZxq bxwZ ev¯evqb Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‧ evsjv‡`k miKvi

GL‡bv ch©š G Aby‡Q` hv M„nkÖwgK‡`i b¨vh¨Zv cÖvw߇Z mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i

†m¸‡jv Abymg_©b K‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K 1923 †_‡K 2000 mvj ch©š wewfbœ mg‡q

RvwiK„Z wewfbœ kªg AvBb I wewaweavb evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ _vK‡jI

†Kvb kªg AvBbB M„nkÖwgK‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| Z‡e bvix I wkï wbh©vZb AvBb

2000 (2003 mv‡j ms‡kvwaZ), `Êwewa 1860 Ges wkï AvBb 1974 M„„nK‡g©

wb‡qvwRZ bvix I wkï‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Q| G¸‡jvi Aax‡b M„nKg©x bvix I

wkïi wei‡× msMwVZ †kvlY, cvPvi, †Rvic~e©K cwZZve„wˇZ wb‡qvM, nZ¨v,

al©Y, †h․b wbcxob BZ¨vw` bvbvwea wbh©vZ‡bi Rb¨ bM` 300 UvKv Rwigvbv ev

1 eQ‡ii †Rj †_‡K ïi K‡i hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê ch©š wewfbœ †gqv‡`i kvw¯i

e¨e¯v Av‡Q| K‡qKwU Aciv‡ai †¶‡Î bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvB‡b

g„Zy¨`‡ÊiI weavb Av‡Q|

hw`I weKí AvB‡bi gva¨‡g M„nkªwgK‡`i Dci †h wbh©vZb wbcxob Zvi wePvi

Kiv n‡Q wKš‧ Ae¯v ¸iZi bv n‡j †KD †mmKj AvB‡bI wePvi cvq bv|

Pzovš wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bv n‡j †KD bvix I wkï wbh©vZb AvBb 2000 Gi

Aax‡b wePvi cvq bv| AvBwb mnvqZv †c‡Z n‡j M„nkªwgKwU wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Q GB

g‡g© Wv³v‡ii mb` Dc¯vcb Ki‡Z nq cywj‡ki Kv‡Q| wKš‧ Po _vào gvi‡j

ev Zv‡K N‡ii g‡a¨ AvU‡K ivL‡j ev Af~³ ivL‡j †Kvbfv‡eB †h‡nZz †mUv

cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv ZvB M„nkªwgKiv b¨vq wePviI cvq bv|

161

mvgvwRK myi¶vi D‡`¨vM:

M„nkªwgK‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q †ek wKQz msMVb evsjv‡`‡k KvR Ki‡Q| MwVZ

n‡q‡Q †nvg IqvK©vm G¨v‡mvwm‡qkb| GmKj msMVb M„nkªwgK‡`i cªwZ wbh©vZb

e‡Ü Ges Zv‡`i wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvBb cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ mg‡q

miKv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q| mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q evsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU

Ae †jevi ÷vwWR (wejm) Gi mnvqZvq M„nkªwgK AwaKvi myi¶v I Kj¨vY

AvPiYwewaÕ kxl©K bxwZgvjvi Lmov •Zwi K‡i‡Q kªwgK msMVb-ms v¸‡jv|

Lmov bxwZgvjvq M„nKg©x wb‡qvM, Zv‡`i gRywi I Kg©N›Uv, †jLvcovi my‡hvM,

Kv‡Ri aiY ev cÖK„wZ D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk wbh©vZ‡bi Awf‡hvM `vwLj

Kivi AwaKvi Ges bvix I wkï wbh©vZb AvBb 2000 Gi Awa‡b wePvi cvIqvi

e¨e¯v mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖ vweZ bxwZgvjvwU mg‡qi `vex wgwU‡q‡Q| GLb cÖ‡qvRb GwU‡K Aby‡gv`b

cÖ`vb K‡i AvB‡b cwiYZ Kiv| AvBwb mnvqZv Ges h_vh_ †eZb KvVv‡gv, QywU

Ges Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM myweav m¤^wjZ wb‡qvM wewagvjv Aaybv mgv‡Ri GB `vm

†kªYxUv‡K gvbyl wnmv‡e Zv‡`i gh©v`v cÖvw߇Z ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~vwgKv ivL‡e| AvBb

cÖYq‡bi cvkvcvwk gvby‡li `„wófw½ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ cÖPviYvI Pvjv‡Z n‡e|

`vwi‡ ªi Kvi‡Y Zviv evmv evwo‡Z KvR wb‡q‡Q wKš‧ Zviv `qv wf¶v K‡iwb|

cwikªg K‡i Z‡eB cvwikªwgK wb‡Q| GB mZ¨Uv‡K Avgv‡`i cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z

n‡e| Zv‡`i Dci PvwjZ kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi wePv‡ii Rb¨ h_vh_

AvBbMZ myweav w`‡Z n‡e| Acivax‡K `„óvšg~jK mvRv w`‡Z n‡e| b¨vh¨

†eZb, fv‡jv _vKv LvIqvi e¨e¯v K‡i Zv‡`i gvbevwaKvi wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

†kl K_v:

M„nkªwgK‡`i msL¨v †hgb evo‡Q †Zgwb evo‡Q Zv‡`i wbh©vwZZ nevi msL¨vI|

M„nkªwgK n‡jI Zviv gvbyl| mgv‡R gvbyl wnmv‡e gh©v`v wb‡q gvbweKfv‡e e uvPvi

AwaKvi i‡q‡Q Zv‡`iI| mf¨ gvbyl wnmv‡e Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i †mB

gvbweK Ges b¨vq m½Z AwaKvi cÖwZôvq mnvqZv Kiv| M„nkªwgK wk︇jv

Kv‡iv bv Kv‡iv Av`‡ii mšvb| wKš‧ `vwi‡ ª¨i KlvNvZ GZB wbg©g †h Hme

evev gv Zv‡`i mšvb‡`i gy‡L Lvevi Zy‡j w`‡Z bv †c‡i AcwiwPZ cwi‡e‡k,

ARvbv N‡i Zv‡`i wkï ev wK‡kvix mšvb‡K M„nkªwgK wnmv‡e Zz‡j w`‡Z eva¨

n‡q‡Q| GB‡f‡e gvbwmK kvwš †Luv‡Rb †h Zv‡`i mšvb AšZ wZb †ejv wZb

gy‡Vv †L‡Z cv‡e, GKUz fv‡jv ci‡Z cvi‡e; fv‡jv _vK‡e| wKš ev¯ eZv n‡jv

GB M„nkªwgKiv wewfbœfv‡e wbh©vwZZ I wbM„wnZ n‡q jvk n‡q evwo †d‡i| ZvB

M„nkªwgK‡`i GB inm¨RbK g„Zy¨ Avi jvk n‡q evwo †div †VKv‡Z A_©vr Zv‡`i

myi¶v w`‡Z GKwU Dc‡hvMx wb‡qvM wewagvjv mshy³ AvBb AZ¨š cÖ‡qvRb|

162

Avmyb Avgiv M„nkªwgK‡`i `vm wnmv‡e bq eis cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e

MÖnY Kwi|

- eyׇ`e wek¦vm: DaŸ©Zb M‡elK, KvwiZvm †W‡fjc‡g›U BÝwUwUDU, KvwiZvm

evsjv‡`k

Z_¨ m~Î:

1. †gv: iweDj Bmjvg, bvixi wei‡× mwnsmZv: M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK‡`i Dci GKwU

mgx¶v, ¶gZvqb, DB‡gb di DB‡gb, msL¨v AvU, 2006|

2. •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 16 Ryb 2004

3. •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 17 †m‡Þ¤^i 2009

4. •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, 27 b‡f¤^i 2002

5. •`wbK RbKÚ, 15 A‡±ei 2002

6. •`wbK RbKÚ, 26 †m‡Þ¤^i 2003

7. b¨vh¨Zv, †ivRwjb K¯v (m¤úvw`Z), 27 eh©, 1g msL¨v, RyjvB- AvMó 2009

8. Buddhadeb Biswas and others, Unpaid Economic Contribution of

Women in Bangladesh, WBB Trust, Dhaka

9. bvixi K_v, Aveyj nvmbvZ (m¤úvw`Z), gIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv RyjvB 2001

10. evsjv‡`‡ki bvix, Avjx wiqvR (m¤úvw`Z), Pviw`K, XvKv 1995

11. kv‡n`v †di‡`․mx gybœx, M„nkªwgK wnmv‡e bvix, Dbœqb c`‡¶c, GKv`k el©, mvBwÎkZg

msL¨v , GwcÖj 2005|

12. L›`Kvi †gv‡k© v dvinvbv I •mq` AvwRRyi ingvb, M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ wkï‡`i

Awfevmb I Awf‡hvR‡bi aiY: GKwU mgvRZvwË¡K mgx¶v, bs 92, Rvbyqvwi-gvP©

2005|

13. Star Magazine, October 25, 2002

14. w` †WBwj ÷vi 17 RyjvB 2000

163

ÒRvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z M„n¯’vjx Kv‡Ri Ae`vb

Ges g~j¨vqbÓ

bvRbxb Kwei

mgvR I iv‡óª bvixiv bvbviKg •el‡g¨i wkKvi| •el‡g¨i Kvi‡Y bvixiv Zv‡`i

cÖvc¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Q| A_P mgvR, ivóª I mf¨Zvi Dbœq‡b bvixi

Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| wKš‧ bvixi GB Ae`vb h_vh_fv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e n‡Q

bv| wkïi hZœ, †ivMxi †mev, N‡ii hveZxq Kv‡Ri `vwqZ ¡ cvjbmn cÖwZwbqZ

Zviv A‡bK `vwqZ¡kxj I ¸iZ¡c~Y© KvR K‡i hv‡Q| bvix‡`i M„n vjxi Gme

KvR‡K A`„k¨ kªg wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kivq Zv‡`i GB Ae`vb‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv

n‡Q bv| wKš‧ Zv‡`i Gme gRyixwenxb KvR cwiev‡i, mgv‡R Ges †`‡ki

A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q|

bvixi M„n vjxi KvR‡K hw` Avw_©Kfv‡e g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zvn‡j mgvR, ivóª,

cwievimn mKj †¶‡Î bvixi gh©v`v mycªwZwôZ n‡e| mvgvwRK Ges ivóªxqfv‡e

bvixi M„n vjx Kv‡Ri h_vh_ g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡j cyiliv bvix‡`i g~j¨ Ges ¸iZ¡

eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges bvix‡`i cÖwZ AviI kª×vkxj n‡e| cvkvcvwk bvix‡`i

AvZ¥wek¦vmI e„w× cv‡e hv bvixi cÖwZ •elg¨ `yi Ki‡Z Ges RvZxq Dbœq‡b

Zv‡`i Av‡iv †ewk m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z mnvqK n‡e|

RvZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z bvix‡`i Ae`v‡bi wPÎ Zz‡j aivi Rb¨ †ek K‡qKwU

msMV‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq Wvwe­Dwewe Uªv÷ M„n ’vjx Kv‡Ri Avw_©K g~j¨vqb kxl©K

GKwU M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| GB M‡elYvwU 2006 mv‡ji 10-25

†deªqvwi †`‡ki 10 wU †Rjvq cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| M‡elYvq 315 Rb bvix Ges

315 Rb cyil bg~bv Rwic Ges 55 Rb bvix Ges 55 Rb cyi‡li KvQ †_‡K

GKvš mv¶vrKv‡ii gva¨‡g DcvË msMÖn Kiv nq|

M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq 81% bvix mivmwi M„n vjx Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Ab¨w`‡K

cyil gvÎ 1.3%| †hLv‡b 19% bvix PvKzixi mv‡_ hy³ †mLv‡b 98.7% cyil

†Kvb bv †Kvb wbqwgZ ev AwbqwgZ PvKzix‡Z wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q| M‡elYv †`Lv hvq

60% cyil M„n vjx Kv‡R bvix‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i|

bvixiv cÖwZw`b `xN© mgq KvR K‡i, AwaKvsk mgqB Zv‡`i w`‡b 16-20 N›Uv

KvR Ki‡Z nq| mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K DVvi ci A‡bK ivZ ch©š Zviv wewfbœ

ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i QywU Lye Kg Ges Aemi †bB ej‡jB P‡j| hw`

164

GKUz Aemi mgq cvq, †m mgqUzKz eÜz ev cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ mgq

KvUvq, evPv‡`i hZœ †bq ev †Kvb Amgvß KvR _vK‡j †mUv mgvß K‡i Ges

e¨w³MZ wKQy KvR †hgb (wb‡Ri hZœ, cÖv_bv Ges †Kvb †Kvb mgq eB c‡o)

A_ev mvgvwRK †Kvb Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY K‡i| bvix‡`i QywU cvIqv m¤ú‡K© gše¨

Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix e‡jb ÒhLb Amy¯ _vwK ZLbI KvR

Ki‡Z nq|Ó

bvixiv K…wlKvRmn eû Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤ú„³ _v‡K| †hgb (avb fv½v, mwâi

evMvb Kiv, dmj KvUv I N‡i †Zvjv, Lvevi cÖ¯‧Z, exR msMÖn I msi¶Y),

cïcvjb (nvum, gyiMx I Mi QvM‡ji hZœ †bqv), n¯wkí (Szwo •Zwi, GgeªqWvwi,

Kvco wicy, †mjvB Kivmn wewfbœ mvgMÖx •Zwi), M „nKg© (Ni cwi¯‥vi Kiv,

ivbœvmn Lvevi •Zwi, nvwo-cvwZj I Kvco cwi¯‥vimn mKj M„n vjxi KvR)

Ges cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i hZœ †bqv (wkï, Amy e¨w³ Ges ¯^vgx)| GZ KvR

Kivi ciI bvixi M„n vjx Kv‡Ri †Kvb †¶‡ÎB g~j¨vqb nq bv| GKRb bvix

wbR M„‡n †hme KvR K‡ib †mme Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb bv n‡jI GKB Kv‡Ri Rb¨

Ab¨ GKRb‡K (eyqv/evmvi Kv‡Ri †jvK) A_© w`‡q wb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| G cÖm‡½

GKRb bvix gše¨ K‡i e‡jb Òbvixi Kv‡Ri hw` †Kvb g~j¨ bv _v‡K, Z‡e †Kb

M„ncwiPvwiKv‡K UvKv w`wQ|Ó

bvixi cvwikªwgKwenxb Kv‡Ri g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î M‡elYvq wZbwU c×wZ AbymiY

Kiv n‡q‡Q| c×wZ¸‡jv n‡Q MÖvg Ges kn‡ii bvixiv wK cwigvb mgq M„n vjx

Kv‡R e¨q Ki‡Q Ges wK wK ai‡Yi KvR Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i Gme KvR‡K evRvi

`‡ii mv‡_ Ges miKvix PvKzixi †eZ‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖ_gZ: †`Lv n‡q‡Q bvix M„n vjx Kv‡R †h mgq e¨q Ki‡Q Zv hw` cÖPwjZ

†Kvb †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K e¨q Ki‡Zv Zvn‡j wK cwigvb cvwikªwgK †c‡Zv|

GKB ai‡Yi KvR Ki‡jI cyil‡`i †_‡KI bvix‡`i Kg cvwikªwgK †`qv nq|

M‡elYv †ek wKQy Kv‡Ri Rb¨ N›Uv cÖwZ 10 UvKv aiv n‡q‡Q| wkï‡`i †jLvcov

Ges Amy e¨w³‡`i †mevi †¶‡Î UvKv cwigvb GKUz †ewk aiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi

Kv_v ev Kvco †mjvB Gi †¶‡Î GKUz Kg aiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvq PvKzix Qvov

MÖvgxY Ges kn‡ii bvixi KvR‡K AvbygvwbK A_©g~‡j¨ aiv n‡q‡Q| me †kªYxi

bvix‡`i mw¤§wjZ Kv‡Ri A_©g~j¨‡K GKwÎZ Kiv n‡j Zvi cwigvb n‡e eQ‡i

69.8 wewjqb Wjvi|

wØZxqZ: evRvi `v‡gi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i bvixi Kv‡Ri g~j¨ wn‡me Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GKRb bvix cÖwZw`b cÖvq 45 ai‡bi Kv‡R wbhy³ _v‡K| ivbœvi Rb¨ cÖwZgv‡m

M„ncwiPvwiKv‡K w`‡Z nq 200 UvKv| cÖwZ KvR‡K ivbœvi gva¨‡g wnmve Ki‡j

45 ai‡Yi Kv‡Ri A_©g~j¨ `vov‡e 9,000 UvKv| hw` a‡i †bqv nq †h M Övg Ges

165

kn‡ii 53.1 wgwjqb bvix (c~Y© mgq ev Aa© mgq) GB 45 ai‡Yi KvR K‡i

Z‡e cÖwZgvm 9000 UvKv wn‡m‡e Gi cwigvb n‡e cÖwZeQi 81.93 wewjqb

Wjvi|

Z…ZxqZ miKvwi †eZb †¯‥‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i bvixi Kv‡Ri g~j¨ wnmve Kiv

n‡q‡Q| GKRb ga¨g mvwii miKvwi Kg©KZ©vi gvwmK †eZb cÖvq 10,000

UvKv| †mLv‡b AwaKvsk bvix GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©vi mgvb KvR K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki 53.1 wgwjqb bvix 16 N›Uv KvR‡K 10.000 UvKvi A_©g~‡j¨

wn‡m‡e uvovq 91.0 wewjqb Wjvi|

M‡elYvq †h wnmve Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv AvbygvwbK, ivbœv Kiv, evmb gvRv Ges

evPv‡`i hZœ †bqv cÖf„wZ Kv‡Ri †Kvb mwVK wnmve Kiv m¤¢e bq| GKRb bvixi

M„‡ni cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ I fvjevmvi g~j¨ A‡bK, hv UvKvi As‡K cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e

bq| GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© welq n‡Q bvix‡`i cvwikªwgKwenxb Kv‡Ri hw` Avw_©K

g~j¨ wePvi Kiv nq Z‡e †`Lv hv‡e Zv wRwWwcÕi †P‡q †ewk n‡e|

M„n vjx‡Z bvix‡`i Kv‡Ri Ae`vb bvix-cyil wKsev mgvR I ivóª, †Kvb ch©v‡qB

¸iZ¡c~Y© e‡j fvev nq bv| bvix‡`i cvwikªwgKwenxb GB Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb

eZ©gv‡b wRwWwc‡Z Abycw¯Z| bvix‡`i ¸iZ¡c~Y© Gme KvR mgvR I iv‡óª

bvix‡`i c¶ †_‡K fZz©Kx wnmv‡e we‡eP¨ nq| bvixi Kv‡Ri ¸iZ¡ I Avw_©K

g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡j Zv‡`i A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Aek¨B Avm‡e, hv

Avgv‡`i mK‡jB Kvg¨|

- bvRbxb Kwei: cÖ‡R± Awdmvi, Wwe­Dwewe Uªv÷

166

M„nkªwgK wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a cwiev‡ii f~wgKv

kvnbvR mygx I w`jviv †iLv

M„nkªg ev Mvn© ¨ Kg©KvÊ gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ AZ¨š cÖ‡qvRbxq|

mvaviYZ cwiev‡ii bvix m`m¨iv GB `vwqZ¡wU cvjb Ki‡jI Zv‡`i mnvqK

wn‡m‡e hy³ nq cwiev‡ii evB‡ii †KD, hv‡`i‡K Avgiv Kv‡Ri †jvK ewj|

cÖPwjZ a¨vb avibvq M„n wj Kg©KvÊ bvixi KvR e‡j we‡ewPZ nIqvq mvaviYZ

GB †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq, wkï wK‡kvix, ga¨eqmx, †c․pmn cÖvq mKj

eq‡mi bvix‡`i| mgv‡R M„nkªg GL‡bv A`„k¨, ¯^xK…wZnxb I cwigvcwenxb i‡q

†M‡Q| ZvB ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡YB cwiev‡ii bvixi KvR‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv nq bv A_©vr

bvix‡K ÔM„nea~Õ ev ÔNiYxÕ bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Zv‡`i iv‡óªi †gvU kªgkw³ †_‡K

evB‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e cwiev‡ii evB‡ii †h bvixwU GB †ckvq

wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Zv‡KI †c‡U fv‡Z, `yB wZb cÖ¯ Kvco wKsev b~¨bZg bM`

UvKvi wewbg‡q GB Kv‡R hy³ Kiv nq ev Zviv wb‡RivB hy³ nq|

†Kb bvixiv M„nkª‡g Av‡m?

e¨vcKnv‡i bvix‡`i GB †ckvq Avmvi cÖavb KviY `vwi`ª Zv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L

bv| cyilZvwš¿K mgvR e¨e¯vq bvix n‡q Rb¥ †bqvi Kvi‡Y †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB

M„n vwj Kv‡Ri m‡½ hy³ _vKvi d‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB bvixi g‡a¨ GKv‡Ri

Af¨vm I `¶Zv M‡o I‡V| ZvB a‡i †bqv nq †h G Kv‡Ri SzuwK ev Sv‡gjv

Kg| †Kv‡bv ai‡bi wk¶v, cÖwk¶Y, AwfÁZv ev KvwiMwi `¶Zv QvovB G KvR

Kiv m¤¢e| GKvi‡Y MÖv‡g-M‡Ä Afve AbU‡bi g‡a¨ emevmKvix bvix Kv‡Ri

mÜv‡b kn‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡j cÖ_‡gB Uv‡M©U _v‡K evmv-evwo‡Z Kv‡Ri eyqv

wn‡m‡e †XvKv|

M„n kªwg‡Ki aiY

Ae¯v I wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ eq‡mi bvixiv wewfbœ Kvi‡Y M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e

KvR K‡i _v‡K, †hgbÑ wkï Ges wK‡kvi eqmx : wkï Ges wK‡kvi eq‡m hviv

KvR Ki‡Z Av‡m Zvi cÖavb KviY‡Zv Aek¨B `vwi`ªZv| AwaK mšvb nIqvi

Rb¨ wcZv gvZv hLb mšvb‡`i fiY †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, ¯‥z‡ji LiP enb

Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, wZb‡ejv Lvevi w`‡Z cv‡ib bv ZLbB Zv‡`i‡K A‡b¨i

evox‡Z KvR Ki‡Z †`qv nq| Zv‡`i †Kvb gZvgZ _v‡K bv, evev-gv †hLv‡b

w`‡e Zviv †mLv‡bB hvq| Zviv ïay kªg w`‡q hvq, gvB‡b Uv evev gv †fvM

K‡ib|

167

ga¨eqmx : ga¨eqmx bvix (G‡`i g‡a¨ ZvjvKcÖvß, ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³, weaev) Afve

Ges `vwi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y, M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Zv‡`i UvKvUv msmvi,

mšv‡bi wcQ‡b LiP K‡i| †ewki fvM mgq †`Lv hvq, †QvU †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q gv

evevi Kv‡Q †i‡L Zviv A‡b¨i evox‡Z KvR Ki‡Z hvq |

e„× eqmx : †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i msmvi eo n‡q †M‡j `wi ªZvi Kvi‡Y evev gv‡qi

fiY †cvl‡Yi `vwqZ¡ †Q‡j †g‡qiv wb‡Z Pvq bv| e„× eq‡m eq¯‥ `yRb gvby‡li

Rxeb RxweKv KwVb n‡q c‡o| GB Ae¯vq e„× cyilwU‡K evox‡Z †i‡L e„×

bvixwU A‡b¨i evox‡Z KvR Ki‡Z hvq| e„× bvixwU hv Avq K‡i Zv w`‡q e„×

cyil Ges cwieviwUi Rxeb P‡j hvq|

M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e bvix I Zvi cÖwZ •elg¨, †kvlY I wbh©vZb

Avgv‡`i mgvRe¨e¯vq mvaviYZ bvix‡KB M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e †`Lv nq| Zvi cÖavb

KviY n‡jv, wcZ…Zvwš¿K mgvR e¨e¯v, Av‡iv †Lvjvmv K‡i ej‡j cÖPwjZ mgvR

e¨e¯v| Avgv‡`i mgvR e¨e¯vq a‡iB †bqv nq N‡ii KvR Ki‡e bvix Ges

bvix‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e Zv‡KI Aek¨B bvix n‡Z n‡e| GB aviYv †_‡KB

mvaviYZ M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e bvix‡KB wPšv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvid‡j hviv M„nkªwgK

iv‡L Zv‡`iI gv_vq _v‡K GKRb bvix‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov Av‡Mi w`‡b

N‡ii KvR Kivi Rb¨ bvixi cvkvcvwk A‡bK cyil‡K †`Lv †hZ| mg‡qi

cwieZ©b, wk¶v we¯ vi, wkívq‡bi d‡j bZzb bZzb Kv‡Ri my‡hvM •Zwi nIqvq

cyiliv GLb wewfbœ •ewPΨgq Kv‡R Rwo‡q c‡o‡Q| bvix‡`i G my‡hvM Kg e‡j

N‡ii KvRKg© Ki‡Z bvix‡`i †ewk †`Lv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K †h cwievi †_‡K

M„nkªwgKiv Av‡m †mB cwievi¸‡jv bvix‡`i‡KB (wkï/wK‡kvix‡`i‡K) M„nkªwgK

wn‡m‡e w`‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K| †`Lv hvq GKB eqmx fvB-†evb Av‡Q wKš‧ evev gv

†g‡qUv‡KB A‡b¨i evox‡Z KvR Kivi Rb¨ w`‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K| Kb¨v wkïi cÖwZ

GB wbh©vZb wbR cwievi †_‡KB ïi nq|

KvR Ki‡Z G‡m cÖ_‡g Zvi cwiPq †m GKRb Kv‡Ri †g‡q| GKUz eq¯‥ n‡j

†m nq Kv‡Ri eyqv| Zvi †h GKUv bvg Av‡Q †mUv bv †W‡K Zv‡K WvKv nq

†QvKiv, †Qgox, wcwP e‡j| Zvi cÖwZ •elg¨UvI †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| Zvi _vKv

Ges LvIqvi e¨e¯v nq ivbœv N‡i, Zvi wekªv‡gi RvqMv n‡jv ivbœvNi| cwiev‡ii

Ab¨ mevi mv‡_ Mí Kiv‡Zv `~‡ii K_v, ïay Av‡`k cvjbB n‡jv Zvi GKgvÎ

KZ©e¨| Zvi cÖwZ AvPiYUv nq m¤ú~Y© wfbœ| †h wK‡kvix evev gv‡qi Av`i †Q‡o

G‡m‡Q, †h bvix Zvi msmvi †Q‡o G‡m‡Q †m cÖ_‡gB av°vUv Lvq GLv‡bB|

Zv‡K cÖwZ c‡` c‡` eywS‡q †`qv nq, Zzwg Kv‡Ri †g‡q| KvR Kivi Rb¨B

†Zvgv‡K ivLv n‡q‡Q|

168

†`Lv hvq GKUv cwiev‡i bvix M„nkªwgK QvovI wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Av‡iv wKQy

†jvK _v‡K| †hgb WªvBfvi, gvwj, †Kqvi †UKvi| mvaviYZ GB gvbyl¸‡jv _v‡K

cyil| G‡`iI wKš‧ gvB‡b †`qv nq, hv‡`i‡K ejv nq †eZbf~³ Kg©Pvix| wKš‧

Avðh©RbK n‡jI mwZ¨ GB gvbyl¸‡jvi mv‡_ †h e¨envi Kiv nq Zv A‡bKUvB

BwZevPK| Zv‡`i Lvevi `vev‡ii cÖwZ †ek fv‡jvB bRi ivLv nq| GUv †`LvI

M„nkªwg‡Ki `vwqZ¡| A_P M„nkªwg‡Ki mv‡_ †h AvPiYUv Kiv nq Zv Ab¨ †Kvb

†eZbfy³ Kg©Pvixi mv‡_ Kiv nq bv| Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq, GKgvÎ bvix e‡jB Zvi

Dci GB ai‡Yi wbh©vZb Kiv nq Ges bvix e‡jB †m GB ai‡bi •el‡g¨i wkKvi

nq|

evsjv‡`‡k AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z cÖPzi bvix KvR Ki‡Q| BU fv½v †_‡K ïi K‡i

gvwU KvUv, wewo d¨v±wi, wewìs BgviZ •Zwi, iv v NvU †givgZ - †Kv_vq †bB

bvixiv| GB AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU LvZ Lye myßfv‡e Av‡Q †hUv

wb‡q †KD †Kvb K_v e‡j bv Zvn‡jv M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwgK| GB

kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi wb‡q KL‡bv †Kvb Av‡›`vjb nqwb, mgv‡ek nqwb| GKgvÎ

XvKv kn‡iB cÖvq 20 jvL bvix kªwgK M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Q| mviv

evsjv‡`‡ki KZ bvix M„n Kv‡R kªg w`‡Q Zvi cwimsL¨vb †Zv KivB nqwb| Giv

ïayB Le‡ii KvM‡Ri msev` nq wbh©vwZZv wn‡m‡e, wbcxwoZ wn‡m‡e| gv‡S

gv‡S G‡`i cÖwZ wbh©vZ‡bi †h wPÎ cwÎKvq Qvcv nq Zv `vkcÖ_v‡KI nvi

gvbvq|

wKQy wKQy cwievi cÖwZwbqZ M„nkªwgK‡`i m‡½ weiƒc ev iƒp AvPiY K‡i| †mB

mv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡Yi •elg¨ I wbhv©Zb Pvwj‡q _v‡K| wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv Pi‡g

†cu․Q‡jB †Kej msev`c‡Îi cvZvq D‡V Av‡m Ges wewfbœ msMV‡bi Z_¨wfwËK

cÖwZ‡e`‡b Ašf©~³ nq| evsjv‡`k RvZxq gwnjv AvBbRxex mwgwZi Z_¨g‡Z,

2008 mv‡j mviv †`‡k †gvU 121 Rb M„nkªwgK wewfbœ wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|

G‡`i g‡a¨ 33 Rb kvixwiK wbh©vZb, 26 Rb Lyb, 18 Rb al©Y, 1 Rb MYal©Y,

10 Rb al©‡Yi ci Lyb, 2 Rb AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, 11 Rb A¯vfvweK g„Zz¨i

wkKvi n‡q‡Q| wbhv©Z‡bi wkKvi †ewkifv‡Mi eqmB 18 eQ‡ii bx‡P| †gvU

121wU NUbvi g‡a¨ 94wU NUbvi gvgjv n‡q‡Q| mvgvb¨ Kvi‡Y eKv-SKv, `y-

GKwU Po-_vào †_‡K ïi K‡i Mig Lywš-Bw¯¿ w`‡q Kv‡Ri †g‡q‡K cywo‡q

†`qv ev Qu¨vKv †`qvi g‡Zv kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv Avgiv cÖvqB cwÎKvq

†`L‡Z cvB| GB wbh©vZ‡bi mv‡_ mvaviYZ evoxi M„wnbx‡KB Rov‡bv nq, A_P

GKUv cwiev‡ii mK‡ji `vwqZ¡ _v‡K, mK‡j M„nkªwg‡Ki †mev MÖnY K‡i|

†Kb GB wbhv©Zb?

169

mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© wbh©vZbUv gb¯vwZ¡K, e¨w³‡f‡` wbf©i K‡i| cwiev‡ii ai‡Yi

DciI M„nkªwgK wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv wbf©i K‡i| me‡P‡q cv_©K¨ †Pv‡L c‡o

PvKzixRxex Ges †h mKj cwiev‡i bvixiv PvKzix K‡i bv GB yB cwiev‡ii g‡a¨

wbh©vZbI `yB iKg| we‡kl K‡i PvKzixRxex cwiev‡i M„nkªwg‡Ki Dci cwiev‡ii

A‡bK wKQy wbf©i K‡i, A‡bK `vwqZ¡ Zvi Dci b¨¯ _v‡K Gme cwiev‡i

wbh©vZbUv Kg nq, eo KviY n‡jv, G ai‡Yi cwiev‡i M„nkªwgK bv _vK‡j M„nB

APj n‡q hv‡e GB fqUv mevi g‡a¨ _v‡K Ab¨w`‡K †h mKj cwiev‡ii bvixiv

evB‡i KvR K‡i bv, mviv¶Y N‡i _v‡K Zv‡`i mv‡_ M„nkªwg‡Ki we‡iva †ewk

j¶¨ Kiv hvq| G me wKQyB wbf©i K‡i e¨w³ gvby‡li Dci|

M„wnbxi mv‡_ M„nkªwg‡Ki m¤úK© Lvivc bv n‡q eis fv‡jv n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi KviY

M„wnbx Ges M„nkªwgK `yRbB bvix, G `yRb bvixi Ae¯v wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i wKš‧

Ae¯v‡b A‡bK wgj Av‡Q| GB `yRb bvixi Kv‡iv wb‡Ri evox †bB, cwiev‡i

†KD wb‡R wm×vš wb‡Z cv‡i bv, m¤úwˇZ Kv‡iv AwaKvi †bB, iv‡óªi mKj

AvBb `yR‡bi Rb¨B mgvb| ZviciI M„wnbxi mv‡_ M„nkªwg‡Ki msNl© nq|

ZviI A‡bK¸‡jv KviY Av‡Q †hgb-

M„wnbxi mv‡_ me‡P‡q †ewk Kv‡Ri m¤úK© M„nkªwg‡Ki, †mKvi‡YB Zvi

m‡½ Ø›Ø †ewk nq|

N‡ii Ab¨ mevi KvR¸‡jv M„wnbx‡K Ki‡Z nq, Kiv‡Z nq, hviRb¨

KvR¸‡jv wVKgZ bv n‡j mevi K_v M„wnbx‡K ïb‡Z nq Ges GUvi cÖfve

c‡o M„nkªwg‡Ki Dci|

A‡bK M„wnbx e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b wewfbœ wbcxob-wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq e‡j

Ae‡PZb g‡bB LoMn¯ nq M„nkªwg‡Ki Dci|

cwiev‡ii cyil m`m¨ Øviv M„nkªwgK Gi Dci †h․b wbh©vZb ninv‡gkvB

j¶¨ Kiv hvq| fq †`wL‡q, we‡qi cÖ‡jvfb †`wL‡q ev †Rvic~e©K GB

wbh©vZb msNwUZ nq| †h․b wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j AšmË¡v n‡q co‡j

wbhv©ZbKvixi Pv‡c Mf©cvZ Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bK M„nkªwgK bvix Amy¯ nevi

NUbvI †kvbv hvq| GgbwK g„Zz¨I N‡U| G ai‡bi NUbv M„wnbx Rvb‡Z

cvi‡j wbh©vZbKvix‡K (cyil‡`i) wKQy ej‡Z bv †c‡i ev bv e‡j GB

Ae¯vi Rb¨ M„nkªwgK‡K `vqx K‡i Ges cybivq Zvi Dci kvwiixK

wbhv©Zb Pvjv‡bv nq|

Avgv‡`i mvgšZvwš¿K gb-gvbwmKZv M„nkªwgK‡`i `yie vi Rb¨ A‡bKUv

`vqx| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †ewki fvM gvbyl hviv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wb‡qvM †`b

Zviv Ggb AvPiY K‡ib †hb KvR ev Avkªq w`‡q we‡kl `qv K‡i

†d‡j‡Qb| †mUv hw` nq M„nkªwgK Zvn‡j †Zv K_vB bvB| H M„nkªwg‡Ki

170

KvQ †_‡K cÖwZwU cvB-cqmvi wnmve Dmyj K‡i wb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv

Kv‡RB fyj-ÎwU Kiv Pj‡e bv| me mgq †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Dcw Z _vK‡Z

n‡e hv‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb n‡jB wb‡ ©k †`qv hvq| Zviv KL‡bvB K¬vš

n‡e bv eis gyL ey‡R me mn¨ Ki‡e|

M„nkªwg‡Ki `vwi ª¨ Ges `~e©j mvgvwRK-A_©‣bwZK-kvwiixK Ae¯vi

Kvi‡Y KZ…©Z¡ djv‡bvi my‡hvM †c‡q A‡b‡K (bvix cyil DfqB ) Kvi‡Y

AKvi‡Y ¶gZvi `vcU †`Lvq|

cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`i f~wgKv

M„nkªwgK wbh©vZb eÜ Ki‡Z cwiev‡ii mevi Kg †ewk f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| †h

cwiev‡i M„nkªwgK‡K wbh©vZb Kiv nq a‡iB wb‡Z n‡e †mB cwieviUv Amy¯

cwievi| M„nkªg †Kv‡bv wbh©vZb ev †kvl‡Yi nvwZqvi bq| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e

M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e †h KvR Ki‡Q †m cwiev‡ii mKj m`‡m¨i Rb¨ †mev cÖ`vb

Ki‡Q| Zvi Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hvM wb‡q Zvi Dci wbhv©Zb Pvjv‡bv †Kv‡bv mf¨ ev

my¯ gvby‡li cwiPq enb K‡i bv| ZvQvov Gme cwiev‡i †hmKj wkï _v‡K

Zv‡`i DciI Gi cÖfve c‡o| eo n‡q ZvivI M„nkªwg‡Ki Dci GKB Kvq`vq

wbh©vZb Pvjv‡e| KviY GUv Zvi cwievi †_‡K †`Lv Ges †kLv| cwievi hw`

fv‡jv e¨envi K‡i, cwiev‡ii mevB hw` Zv‡K cwiev‡ii m`m¨B g‡b K‡i

Zvn‡j †mI wb‡R‡K H cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ g‡b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GB

gvbwmKZv mevi g‡a¨ •Zwi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| hw`I M„nkªwgK‡K ZË¡veavb Kivi

`vwqZ¡ g~jZ M„wnbx cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb ZvB wZwb †hgb Zvi cÖwZ iƒp AvPiY Kiv

†_‡K weiZ _vKvi †¶‡Î m‡PZb n‡eb †Zgwb cyil m`m¨mn Ab¨vb¨iv Zv‡K

iƒp AvPiY Kiv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb| cyilivI hv‡Z

M„nkªwg‡Ki cÖwZ iƒp AvPiY Kivmn †h․b nqivwb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K †m‡¶‡Î

cwiev‡ii mK‡ji mZK© `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e Ges †h․b wbcxob Kiv †h RNb¨Zg

Aciva †m wel‡q cwiev‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †evSv‡Z n‡e Ges Gi kvw¯ m¤ú©‡K

Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges cwiev‡ii †KD Gai‡Yi Aciva msNwUZ Ki‡j Zv‡K Avkªq

cÖkªq bv w`‡q Zvi wei‡× K‡Vvi Ae¯vb wb‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K cvwievwiK I

mvgvwRKfv‡e eqKU Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kibxq

M„n kªwgK‡`i Ae¯vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡`i cÖwZ Avgv‡`i

`„wófw½i cwieZ©b| Avgiv fy‡j hvB †h, `wi ªZvi Kvi‡Y A_ev ~ie¯vi wkKvi

n‡q †m M„nkªwgK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q| Zviv Avgv‡`i KvQ †_‡K `qv

`vw¶Y¨ wb‡Q bv, eis kª‡gi wewbg‡q gRyix wb‡Q| M„nkªwgK‡`i kªwgK wn‡m‡e

171

h_vh_ gh©v`v I ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e| ZvB M„nkªwgK‡`i AwaKvi msi¶‡Y

Avgv‡`i `ywU ch©v‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡eÑ

cvwievwiK chv©q

M„nkªwgK‡K cwiev‡ii m`m¨ g‡b Kiv

M„‡ni KvR Kiv †gv‡UI Lvivc bq, M„nkªwgK ivLvI Lvivc bq wKš‧ Zvi

cÖwZ „wófw½Uv BwZevPK n‡Z n‡e|

M„nkªwgK‡`i m‡½ •elg¨ I wbhv©Zb bv K‡i fv‡jv e¨envimn fvj LvIqv -

civ-_vKvi e¨e¯v Ki‡Z n‡e|

M„n kªwgK †h Avcbvi Kv‡Ri mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q Ges Kivi d‡j Avcbvi

Kó jvNe n‡Q GUv Zv‡K e‡jb, eyS‡Z †`b, hvi d‡j †m wKQyUv n‡jI

gvbwmK kvwš cv‡e Ges cÖdzj­ _vK‡e|

†Kv‡bv mgm¨v n‡j Zv ~i Kivi Rb¨ eKv SKv bv K‡i Zv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e

eywS‡q ejyb|

wbqwgZ gRyix cwi‡kva Kib

Zv‡K wPwKrmv I we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM w`b|

RvZxq ch©vq

M„nkªwgK‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó Ges b~¨bZg †eZb KvVv‡gv, QywU BZ¨vw`mn wb‡qvM

wewagvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

M„nkª‡gi Rb¨ GKwU kªgbxwZ ev cwjwm cÖYqb Kiv wKsev AvšR©vwZK kªg

AvB‡b wb‡`©wkZ weavbmg~n †hb Zv‡`i †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq Zvi wbðqZv

weavb Kiv

M„nkªwgK‡`i AwaKvi msi¶‡Y msMVb M‡o †Zvjv

M„nkªwgK‡`i Dci kvwiixK ev †h․b wbh©vZb e‡Ü AvB‡bi K‡Vvi cÖ‡qvM

wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

MYgva¨‡g M„nkªwgK‡`i ¸iZ¡ I Ae`vb D‡j­L K‡i BwZevPK cÖPviYv

Pvjv‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡`i h_vh_ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wkï M„nkªwgK‡`i Rb¨ miKvwi - †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M vwcZ ¯‥z‡ji msL¨v

evov‡Z n‡e|

Dcmsnvi

M„nkªwg‡Ki cÖwZ •elg¨, †kvlY-wbh©vZb hviv K‡i Zviv †Kv‡bv †ckv`vi Acivax

bq, eis A‡b‡KB wkw¶Z Ges mgv‡R DP gh©v`v m¤úbœ cwiev‡ii m`m¨|

Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB bvix I cÖvwšK Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© †mvPvi n‡jI Zvi

172

wb‡Ri Øviv ev wb‡Ri MwÊi wfZ‡i gvbevwaKvi jwNZ n‡Q †m wel‡q m‡PZb

bb| ZvB M„nkªwgK‡`i AwaKvi msi¶‡Y miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M

MYm‡PZbZvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges AvBbx e¨e¯v †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|

- kvnbvR mygx: A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †mj, evsjv‡`k bvix cÖMwZ msN|

- w`jviv †iLv: mgšqKvix, A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm †mj, evsjv‡`k bvix cÖMwZ msN|

173

†h․bKgx© I Zv‡`i AwaKvi Av‡›`vjb

mvbwR`v kkx

evsjv‡`‡ki bvix Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb `vex¸‡jv n‡jv AwaKvi msµvš| Avi hviv

GB Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡½ RwoZ Zv‡`i‡K cÖwZwbqZB Ggb me Av`k© Ges

fveavivi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq †h¸‡jv bvixi Ae¯vb wba©vi‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L|

mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g bvix‡K †mB Avw`Kvj †_‡KB Aa:¯b K‡i ivLv

n‡q‡Q| Avi Gi me‡P‡q eo wkKvi n‡jv †mBme cÖvwšK bvixiv hviv †`n

e¨emvi mv‡_ RwoZ| b„weÁv‡bi fvlvq we‡k¦i me‡P‡q Avw` †ckv n‡jv

†h․b‡ckv| wKš‧ GB †ckvi mv‡_ RwoZ †hme †h․bKgx©iv Zv‡`i Ae¯vb

mgv‡Ri G‡Kev‡i wbgœ¯‡i| mgvR Zv‡`i‡K Ave©Rbvi ¯‧‡c †d‡j †i‡L‡Q|

A_P, mgvR Zvi ¯^v‡_©B †h․bZv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e m„wó K‡i‡Q| Avi †mB mgvRB

Zv‡`i fv‡M¨ †jcb K‡i‡Q Kjs‡Ki Kvwj| †mBmv‡_ Pvwj‡q‡Q evm vb †_‡K

Zv‡`i D‡Q`mn bvbv nvgjv wbhv©Zb| GiB avivevwnKZvq 1999 mv‡j

UvbevRvi D‡Q`‡K †K›`ª K‡i Rb¥ nq †h․bKg©x‡`i Rxeb Ges RxweKvi ZvwM‡`

GK bZzb Av‡›`vjb| Avi ZLb †_‡KB Zv‡`i †PZbvi AvKv‡k Dw`Z nq GK

bZzb m~h©, †h m~h© Zv‡`i c_ †`Lvq GKwÎZ nIqvi| GiB cwi‡cªw¶‡Z 18-19

Ryb 2002 MY¯^v¯¨ †K›`ª, mvfvi, XvKvq cª_g ev‡ii gZ †h․bKg©x‡`i RvZxq

m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| D³ m‡¤§j‡b evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ †h․bcj­xi †h․bKgx©,

fvmgvb †h․bKg©x, wnRov †h․bKgx© I †KvjKvZv †_‡K AvMZ ~e©vi gwnjv mgšq

KwgwUi m`m¨iv Ask MÖnY K‡ib| `yB w`‡bi RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b †h․bKg©x‡`i ¯^v_©

mswk­ó wewfbœ welq Av‡jvwPZ nq| †h․bKg©xiv cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Gfv‡e wgwjZ

n‡Z †c‡i wb‡R‡`i Ae¯vbUv eyS‡Z cv‡i| eyS‡Z cv‡i AvR Zv‡`i mevi wcV

†`qv‡j †V‡K‡Q| me©¯‡i me©‡¶‡Î Zviv wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Q| mgv‡R Zv‡`i

†Kvb gh©v`v †bB| Avi Gme m¤¢e n‡Q KviY Zviv mevB GKwÎZ n‡q †Rvi

Mjvq Zv‡`i K_v¸‡jv ej‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB Zv‡`i K_v¸‡jv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨

Ges Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q ejv Ges cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ KvR Kivi cÖqv‡m Zv‡`i `iKvi

GKwU kw³kvjx c­vUdig|

wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM, G‡K Ac‡ii mgm¨v¸‡jv fvjfv‡e Rvbv,

†h․b‡ckv‡K wN‡i †h mg¯ wbh©vZb n‡Q †m¸‡jv cÖwZ‡iva Kiv, †h․bKgx©‡`i

¯^c‡¶ AvBb •Zwi‡Z RbgZ m„wó Kiv, AcÖvß eq¯‥ †g‡q‡`i †h․b‡ckvq Avmv

cÖwZ‡iva Kiv, cvkvcvwk wewfbœ miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi Dbœqb ms¯vi mv‡_

m¤úK© Dbœq‡bi welqwUI mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m| m‡e©vcwi †`‡ki gvby‡li mvg‡b

174

†h․bKgx©‡`i gvbevwaKv‡ii welq¸‡jv BwZevPKfv‡e Zz‡j aiv| †h․bKgx©‡`i

Ae¯vi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨B †bUIqvwK©s - Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi

welqwUI D‡V Av‡m| G mKj Kvh©µg ev¯evq‡bi ¯^cœ wb‡qB 19 Ryb 2002

D³ m‡¤§j‡b †h․bKgx©‡`i GKwU †bUIqvK© KwgwU •Zwi nq hvi bvg

Ò†m·IqvK©vim †bUIqvK© Ae evsjv‡`kÓ|

†h․b e¨emvi ev †ckvi m~ÎcvZ K‡e, †Kv_vq, Kxfv‡e N‡UwQj Zv Avgv‡`i Rvbv

†bB wKš‧ cÖvq `yBkZ eQi a‡i GB e¨emv P‡j Avm‡Q| ZeyI GwU Ab¯^xKvh© †h,

†h․bKgx©‡`i kª‡gi Dci wbf©i K‡i GB †h e¨emv, Zv Qwo‡q Av‡Q mviv c„w_ex

Ry‡o Ges P‡j Avm‡Q hyM hyM a‡i| mgvRB Zvi cÖ‡qvR‡b GB †ckvi m„wó

K‡i‡Q| ¯vb I Kv‡ji e¨eav‡b e¨emvi wbqg-bxwZ cv‡ë‡Q, e¨emvi cwiPvjbv

c×wZ‡Z cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q- Z‡e GB Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mswk­óiv AvRI i‡q †M‡Q

Ae‡nwjZ, wbcxwoZ I wbh©vwZZ|

Afv‡ei Zvobvq Ges cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖZvwiZ n‡qB g~jZt Zviv G

†ckv †e‡Q wb‡Z eva¨ n‡Q| evi evi Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j eZ©gv‡b ¯^v¯¨ I wkï

wk¶v wel‡q Lye mvgvb¨ n‡jI GKwU BwZevPK cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q mZ¨ Z‡e

Zvv‡`i †bB †Kvb wbivc` Avkªq| GLbI AvBbMZfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Q

cÖwZ c‡` c‡`| Zv‡`i DcvwR©Z A‡_© fvM emvq evoxIqvjv †_‡K ïi K‡i

miKvwi cÖkvmb, `vjvj, gv¯ vbmn mgv‡Ri cÖfvekvjx e¨w³eM©| A‡bK‡¶‡Î

AcÖvß/Aí eq¯‥ †g‡q‡`i‡K mgv‡Ri cÖZviK‡kªYx wewfbœ Ac‡K․k‡j Zv‡`i‡K

†h․bK‡R eva¨ K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z mvgvwRK †bwZevPK `„wófw½i Kvi‡Y Zviv

mgv‡Ri g~j †mªvZavivq wdi‡Z cv‡i bv| AZtci eva¨ n‡qB Zviv †h․bKvR‡K

†ckv wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bq| k~Px-Ak~Pxi cÖkœ Zz‡j mgvR cwiQbœZvi bv‡g mgvR,

msmvi, miKvi, ag© mK‡jB Zv‡`i AevwÃZ g‡b K‡i| ZvB hLb ZLb D‡Q`

wKsev D‡Q‡`i †Póv K‡i| A_P G †Kgb cÖnmb †h, hv‡`i Kvi‡Y AvR Zviv

Gc‡_ Avm‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Q Zviv mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †kªYx-†ckvi n‡jI mvgvwRK I

ag©xqfv‡e c~Y© gh©v`v †fvM K‡i hv‡Q| †KD KLbI Zv‡`i wPwýZ Kiv ev mgvR

†_‡K D‡Q‡`i K_v fv‡e bv| ZvB mgvR I cwievi hLb †h․bKgx©‡`i w`K

†_‡K gyL wdwi‡q _v‡K, miKvi hLb wbh©vwZZ‡K Ae‡njv K‡i wbh©vZbKvixi

c¶ wb‡q Zv‡`i my‡i myi wgwj‡q, cybe©vm‡bi bv‡g D‡Q‡`i gva¨‡g Zv‡`i †V‡j

†`q AviI †ekx wbh©vZ‡bi w`‡K Ges Ab¨ †ckvi AbyKzj cwi‡ek m„wó I

wbivcËv weav‡b AcviM nq ZLb ¯^feZ:B cÖkœ Rv‡M G‡`‡ki bvMwiK n‡qI

GB †ckv‡K Aej¤b K‡i †eu‡P _vKv Ges mšvb‡`i Av‡jvi c_ †`Lv‡bvi †Póv

Kiv wK Zv‡`i Aciva?

175

A_P evsjv‡`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvB‡b †Kv_vI †h․b‡ckv‡K wbwl× Kiv nqwb| G

cÖm‡½ gnvgvb¨ nvB‡KvU© (wiU wcwUkb bs (2871/1999) GK iv‡q e‡jb,

Ò†h․bKgx©iv †¯^Qvq †h․bwgj‡b m¤§wZ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges mgvR ¯^xK…Z †ckv bv

n‡jI AvB‡b †Kv_vI †h․b‡ckv‡K wbwl× Kiv nqwbÓ| D³ iv‡q nvB‡KvU© AviI

e‡jb, Òhw`I †h․b‡ckv evsjv‡`‡k mgvR-¯^xK…Z †ckv bq, wKš‧ †h․b‡ckvq

cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ Zviv cÖ_‡g ¯vbxq cÖkvm‡bi gva¨‡g †h․bKgx© wn‡m‡e26

ZvwjKvfy³ nq, KL‡bv KL‡bv †h․b‡ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nevi AwfcÖvq e¨³ K‡i

Gwd‡WwfU K‡i Ges Gfv‡e †h․bcj­x‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges Zv‡`i †ckv wbwe©‡Nœ

Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨ ¯vbxq cÖkvmb I cywjk cÖkvmb †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv

†c‡q _v‡K| mv‡cÖmvb Ae Bggivj UªvwdK G¨v± 1933 (Suppression of

immoral traffic Act 1933) Gfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv Zv‡`i RxweKv

wbe©vn K‡i hv‡Q| hv, wb‡lavÁvg~jK †Kvb AvB‡bi Abycw¯wZ‡Z, ivóª

msi¶‡Yi `vwqZ¡cÖvß| MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 11 bs Aby‡Q‡`

¯^xK…Z gvbemËvi gh©v`v msµvš AwaKviwU Av`vj‡Z ejer †hvM¨ bv n‡jI

†h․bKgx©iv bvMwiK wn‡m‡e MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 31 I 32

Aby‡Q‡` ewY©Z ejer †hvM¨ AwaKvi¸‡jv †fvM Kievi AwaKvix| GLv‡b

cÖvmw½Kfv‡e D‡j­L¨ †h, mv‡cÖmvb Ae Bggivj UªvwdK Av± 1933

(Suppression of immoral traffic Act 1933) -G cwZZvjq (†h․bcj­x)

cwiPvjbv ev cwZZvjq (†h․bcj­x) wn‡m‡e Ni-evwo fvov †`Iqv‡K kvw¯‡hvM¨

Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡jI AvB‡b †Kv_vI †h․b‡ckv‡K wbwl× Kiv nqwb|

Dciš Av`vjZ D³ iv‡q MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †MvcbxqZv i¶v

msµvš 43 Aby‡Q‡` ewY©Z †g․wjK AwaKv‡ii K_v D‡j­L K‡i g‡b Kwi‡q †`b

†h, AvBbvbyM †¶Î e¨ZxZ †KD †Kvb evoxi evwm›`v‡`i †MvcbxqZv jNb Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv ev †mLv‡b AbwaKvi cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K MYcÖRvZš¿x

evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 18 bs Aby‡Q‡`i aviv - 2 G ejv n‡q‡Q ÒMwYKve„wË I

Ryqv‡Ljv wb‡iv‡ai Rb¨ ivóª Kvh©Ki e¨e¯v MÖnY Kwi‡ebÓ AvB‡bi GB c¶ Ges

wec‡¶i A¯QZv Kv‡`i BÜb †hvMvq wbh©vwZZ‡`i bv wbh©vZbKvix‡`i?

G Ae¯vq GK_v ej‡Z eva¨ nq †h, wewfbœ mg‡q weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z evsjv‡`‡k

wewfbœ A‡j †h cÖwµqvq †h․bcj­x D‡Q` Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges ivóª I Zvi cÖkvmb

Zvi RbMY‡K i¶vi cwie‡Z© †hfv‡e D‡Q`Kvixi c¶ wb‡q‡Q Zv‡Z †h․bKg©

26

UvbevRvi (1999), gv¸iv (2003), cUzqvLvjx (2003), Rvgvjcyi (2004, 2008),

gqgwmsn (2005, 2007), Uv½vBj (2006), dwi`cyi wm GÛ we (2006, 2007, 2008),

ev‡MinvU (2006), bvivqbMÄ (2007), gxi nvwRievM I hvÎvevox GjvKvi fvmgvb †h․bKg©xiv

evox †_‡K D‡Q` (2006) G D‡Q` Ges D‡Q` Kivi †Póv Kiv nq|

176

wKsev †h․bKg©x †`k I mgvR †_‡K wbg~©j nIqvi cwie‡Z© GwU AviI RwUjZi

mvgvwRK e¨vwa wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡Q| †h․b‡ckv ïii ci †_‡K wVK KZevi

G ai‡Yi nVKvwiZvi Avkªq †bqv n‡q‡Q Zv Avgv‡`i ARvbv _vK‡jI 1999

mvj †_‡K 2008-Gi b‡f¤i gvm ch©š GB `k eQ‡i27

wewfbœ †h․bcj­x Avjv`v

Avjv`vfv‡e †gvU †P․Ïevi Avevi eQi Abyhvqx GK K‡i †`L‡j †gvU mvZevi

D‡Q` wKsev D‡Q‡`i †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| A‡bK †¶‡ÎB wbe©vPb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L

G ai‡Yi BQv cÖKvk Kiv nq †`k I mgv‡Ri e„nËi ¯^v‡_©i †`vnvB w`‡q wKsev

wKQy wKQy ivR‣bwZK †bZvi †ewk †fvU cvevi Avkvq| A_P †h․bKgx©ivI

G‡`‡ki †fvUvi| †h․bcj­xi evB‡i D‡Q‡`i Avk¦vm w`‡q GB me †bZviv

GKw`‡K †hgb evnev Kzovq Ab¨w`‡K Avevi Gi wfZ‡i wZwb ¶gZvq †M‡j

Avgv‡`i AvBb I gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvq mn‡hvwMZv w`‡eb GB Avk¦v‡m

†h․bKgx©‡`i Kv‡Q †fvU wf¶v PvB‡ZI KzÚv K‡ib bv| Avgiv g‡b Kwi Gme

wKQyi g~‡j weMZ miKvi¸wji AvBbMZ wel‡q A®úó Ae¯vb|

†h․bKg©xiv G mgv‡Ri e„nËi bvix mgv‡RiB Ask -Zviv Avjv`v †Kvb †kªYx bq|

ZvB RvZxq ch©v‡qi bvix †bZ…Z¡‡KI †h․bKg©x‡`i gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvq GwM‡q

Avm‡Z n‡e| †h․bKg©x‡`i gZ wekvj bvix †kªYx‡K wewQbœ †i‡L cwic ~Y© bvix

AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

cªwZôvZv 15wU msMV‡bi bv‡gi ZvwjKv

µg msMVb µg msMVb

1. bvix gyw³ msN, Uv½vBj 9. †m․if mgvR Kj¨vY ms¯v, Rvgvjcyi

2. bvix RvMiYx msN, evwbqvkvšv, 10. GKZv bvix msN, PÆMÖvg

3. A¶q bvix msN, bvivqYMÄ 11. Dév bvix msN, XvKv

4. bvix AwaKvi msN, dzjZjv 12. gv¸iv

5. gwnjv GKZv mwgwZ, ev‡MinvU 13. mvfvi

6. Rq bvix Kj¨vY msN, dwi`cyi 14. eÜb wnRov msN, XvKv

7. gqgbwmsn eª‡_j 15. `~R©q bvix msN, XvKv

8. gyw³ gwnjv mwgwZ, †`․jZw`qv

27

UvbevRvi (1999), gv¸iv (2003), cUzqvLvjx (2003), Rvgvjcyi (2004, 2008),

gqgwmsn (2005, 2007), Uv½vBj (2006), dwi`cyi wm GÛ we (2006, 2007, 2008),

ev‡MinvU (2006), bvivqbMÄ (2007), gxi nvwRievM I hvÎvevox GjvKvi fvmgvb †h․bKg©xiv

evox †_‡K D‡Q` (2006) G D‡Q` Ges D‡Q` Kivi †Póv Kiv nq|

177

cÖ_g Kvh©Kix KwgwU

c`ex bvg msMVb

mfvcwZ ggZvR Dév bvix msN, XvKv

m¤úv`K nvwm bvix gyw³ msN, Uv½vBj

†Kvlva¨¶ iex Rq bvix Kj¨vY msN, dwi`cyi

cÖPvi m¤úv`K iv‡k`v gyw³ gwnjv mwgwZ, †`․jZw`qv

`ßi m¤úv`K Rqv evab wnRiv msN, XvKv

m`m¨ (1) kvnvbvR `~R©q bvix msN, XvKv

m`m¨v (2) G¨vbx bvix RvMiYx msN, evwbqvkvšv

eZ©gvb Kvh©Kix KwgwU

c`ex bvg msMVb

mfvcwZ Rqv wmK`vi evaub wnRiv msN, Kzwoj,XvKv

mn-mfv‡bÎx PzgwK `~R©q bvix msN, XvKv

m¤úv`K †nbv Av³vi Avgvi Rxeb Avgvi †Pv‡L, XvKv

mn-mvaviY m¤úv`K KvRj A¶q bvix msN, bvivqYMÄ

†Kvlva¨¶ K_v m‡PZb wkíx msN, wLjMvI, ZvjZjv, XvKv

cÖPvi m¤úv`K bvmwib Rxe‡bi AwaKvi msN, ev‡MinvU

`ßi m¤úv`K ivbx kw³ bvix msN, h‡kvi

m`m¨ (1) cvij Dév bvix msN, XvKv

m`m¨v (2) dv‡Zgv Av‡jvwKZ bvix Dbœqb msN, dzjZjv, Lyjbv

m`m¨v (3) dwi`v mwÜ bvix msN, wm‡jU

†m·IqvKv©im †bUIqvK© Ae evsjv‡`kÕi c¶ †_‡K †h․bKg©x‡`i wbgœ ewY ©Z AvU

`dv `vex DÌvcb Kiv n‡jv:-

1. RvZxq ev‡R‡U †h․bKg©x I Zv‡`i mšvb‡`i DbœqbK‡í eivÏ PvB|

2. RvZxq bvix Av‡›`vj‡b †h․bKg©x‡`i Ašf©~w³ PvB|

3. wQbœg~j bvix I wkï‡`i cybe©vm‡bi cvkvcvwk †h․bKg©x I Zv‡`i mšvb‡`i

mvgvwRK cybe©vm‡bi wel‡qI cÖavb gš¿xi †NvlYv PvB|

4. Kvh©Kix I ¯vqxZ¡kxj weKí Rxe‡bi my‡hvM m„wó e¨wZ‡i‡K †Kvb †h․bcj­x

D‡Q` Kiv hv‡e bv Ges GB cÖwµqvq wm×vš MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î Avgv‡`i mwµq

AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. †h․bKg©x bq eis gvbyl wnmv‡e Avgv‡`i †g․wjK gvbevwaKvi i¶v‡_© †kvlY,

wbcxob I wbhv©Zb e‡Ü Kvh©Ki e¨e¯v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

6. D‡Q` bq eis AcÖvß eq¯‥ †g‡q‡`i †h․b †ckvq Avmv eÜ Kivi j‡¶¨

ivóª‡K `xN©‡gqv`x Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

7. †h․bKg©x‡`i cÖwZ AvB‡bi AccÖ‡qvM †ivaK‡í Kvh©Ki e¨e¯v MÖnY Ki‡Z

n‡e Ges mswk­ó mKj AvB‡bi A¯úóZv `~i Ki‡Z n‡e|

178

8. Avgv‡`i I Avgv‡`i mšvb‡`i wel‡q †h †Kvb ai‡Yi bxwZ I Kg©‡K․kj

wbav©iY Ges Zv ev evq‡b Avgv‡`i mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

- mvbwR`v kkx, mgšqKvix, †m·IqvKv©im †bUIqvK© Ae evsjv‡`k

Z_¨m~Ît

1| Kvh©Kix KwgwU, †m·IqvK©vim †bUIqvK© Ae evsjv‡`k

2| evrmwiK Kvh©µg AMÖMwZ cÖwZ‡e`b (†deªqvwi 1998 - gvP© 2003), `~R©q bvix msN

3| cÖwZ‡e`b, †h․bKg©x‡`i cÖ_g RvZxq m‡¤§jbÕ 2002

4| †kqvwis jvwb©s wi‡cvU©, Kbmvb© evsjv‡`k

5| wd‡i †`Lv

6| evsjv‡`k msweavb

179

cwi‛QbœZvKg©xi †ckv I Rxeb: gvbevwaKvi

cwiw¯’wZ

†gvt Aveyj evmvi

f~wgKv:

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Drcv`b LvZ Avi †mev LvZ hv-B ewj bv †Kb, cÖvq mKj

Lv‡Zi kªwgK b¨vh¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ| Zv‡`i †Pnvivi w`‡K ZvKv‡jB Zv‡`i

eÂbv-AcÖvwß †evSv hvq| cwiQbœZvKg©xiv g~jZ †mev Lv‡Zi kªwgK| †ckv I

RvwZMZ cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i mvgvwRK Rxeb Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv †ckvi kªwgK‡`i

†P‡q Avjv`v| Zviv bvbvb ai‡bi AeÁv-eÂbv-•el‡g¨i wkKvi| GB cÖe‡Ü

Avgv‡`i msweavb I AvšR©vwZK gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Av‡jv‡K cwiQbœZv

Kg©x‡`i AwaKvi Kx Ges Zv‡`i Rxeb hvcb Avm‡j †Kgb Gi GKwU

Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| †ckv`vi wn‡m‡e cwiQbœZvKg©xiv wK wK myweav

cvIqvi AwaKvi iv‡L †m wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K GB †ckvq

_vKvi d‡j gvbyl wn‡m‡e †m mgv‡R wKfv‡e †eu‡P _v‡K, †m wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ

Kiv n‡e| cÖe‡Üi †klvs‡k cwiQbœKg©x‡`i m¤ú‡K© mvgvwRK gb¯Ë¡; Gi d‡j

GB †ckvi Rb‡Mvôxi bZzb cÖR‡b¥i weKv‡k wK wK cÖwZeÜKZv we`¨gvb Ges

m‡e©vcwi wKQz cÖ ve wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb I Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvt cwi‛QbœZv Kg©xi Rxeb:

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b 28 (1) avivq ejv n‡Q, ÔÔ†Kej ag©, †Mvôx,

eY©, bvix-cyi‚l‡f` ev Rb¥¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y †Kvb bvMwi‡Ki cÖwZ ivóª •elg¨ cÖ`k©b

Kwi‡eb bv|ÕÕ

1948 mv‡ji 10 wW‡m¤i RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil` KZ©„K M„nxZ gvbevwaKv‡ii

mve©Rbxb †NvlYvcÎ-G ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔÔ†h †Kvb cÖKvi cv_©K¨, †hgb: RvwZ, †MvÎ,

eY©, bvix-cyi‚l, fvlv, ag©, ivR‣bwZK ev Ab¨ gZev`, RvZxq ev mvgvwRK

DrcwË, m¤§wZ, Rb¥ ev Ab¨ gh©v`v wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB †NvlYvc‡Î D‡j­wLZ mKj

AwaKv‡ii Askx`vi| AwaKš‘, †Kvb e¨w³ †h †`k ev A‡ji Awaevmx, Zv

¯^vaxb, AwQf~³ GjvKv, ¯^vqZ ¡kvwmZ A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb cÖKv‡i mxwgZ

mve©‡f․g‡Z¡i g‡a¨ _vKzK bv †K‡bv, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKv‡ii mydj jv‡f †m

e¨w³i †¶‡Î †Kvb cv_©K¨ Kiv Pj‡e bv; Zvi ivR‣bwZK, mxgvbvMZ ev Avš—

R©vwZK gh©v`v hv-B _vKzb bv †Kb|ÕÕ

180

AZGe †ckv`vi wn‡m‡e GKRb cwiQbœ Kg©xi Rb¥ cwiPq ev †ckvMZ cwiPq

hv-B †nvK bv †Kb, Zvi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv •elg¨ Kiv Pj‡e bv e‡j gvbevwaKvi

msµvš mve©Rwbb †NvlYvq ejv n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i msweavbI Zv-B ej‡Q| d‡j

cwiQbœ&Zv Kg©xiv †Kv‡bviƒc •el‡g¨i wkKvi nIqvi K_v bq|

wKš‘ ev¯—eZvUv †Kgb?

Avgv‡`i †`‡k hviv wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb, †c․imfv, nvmcvZvj, iv¯v-NvUmn wewfbœ

miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b cwi¯‥vi cwiQbœZvi KvR K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K Avgiv cwiQbœZv

Kg©x ejwQ| GQvovI wewfbœ †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bI wKQz gvbyl cwiQbœZv Kg©x

wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| Avi †Kv‡bv cwiP‡qi K_v D‡j­L bv Ki‡jI GB †ckvi

gvbyl‡`i yÕwU cwiPq GLv‡b LyeB ¸iZ¡c~Y©| GK. †ckvMZ cwiPq| `yB.

RvwZMZ cwiPq| RvwZMZ w`K †_‡K Avevi GB †ckvi gvbyl‡`i yÕiK‡gi

cwiPq Av‡Q| GK`j‡K, 1834 †_‡K 1850 mvj- GB mgqKv‡j weªwUk cÖkvmb

fvi‡Zi Gjvnvev`, gywk©`vev`, Kvbcyi, bvMcyi, AÜ« cÖ‡`k, DËi cÖ‡`k, Dwol¨v

I wenvi †_‡K wewfbœ KvR †`qvi K_v e‡j GB GjvKvq G‡b Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨

†ckv QvovI †ewkifvM Ask‡K cwiQbœZvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| Giv fvlvMZ

w`K †_‡K †Z‡j¸, Kvbcyix I †`kIqvwj| Av‡iK `j n‡Q evOvjx gymwjg|

GB `yB `‡ji g‡a¨I GKUv RvZcv‡Zi aviYv I PP©v M‡o D‡V‡Q| evOvwj

gymwjg cwiQbœZv Kg©xiv G‡`i g‡a¨ n‡q‡Q DPeY©| Zv‡`i †_‡K AevOvwj

cwiQbœZv Kg©xiv AQy¨r| GB `yB `‡ji g‡a¨ AevOvwjiv †ewk gvÎvq mvgvwRK

•el‡g¨i wkKvi| G †¶‡Î †ckvMZ cwiP‡qi PvB‡Z RvZ-cvZ I eY© cÖ_v

mvgvwRK •el‡g¨i e¨vcv‡i †ewk gvÎvq wµqvkxj|

Avgv‡`i e³e¨ n‡Q, GB †ckvi gvby‡liv †ckv I RvwZMZ Kvi‡Y

mvgvwRKfv‡e •el‡g¨i wkKvi| Rb¥ I †ckvMZ Kvi‡Y m„ó •elg¨wU GB

Rb‡Mvôxi gvby‡li Rxeb‡K K‡qKfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| Zvi g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨

n‡Q,

ïay cwiQbœZv Kg©x nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i GKwU wbw ©ó GjvKvi evB‡i

evm Kivi AwaKvi †bB (!)| hv‡K mevB myBcvi K‡jvwb e‡j| Ab¨

†Kv‡bv GjvKvq evmv fvov Ki‡Z †M‡j myBcvi cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K

evmv fvov †`qv nq bv| GQvov Zviv †h K‡jvbx‡Z evm K‡i Zv‡K

ZvwQj¨ K‡i ejv nq †g_i cwÆ|

GB cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y `wjZiv †Kv‡bv ¯vei m¤úwËi gvwjK n‡Z cv‡i bv|

A_P, msweav‡bi 42(1) avivq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ

evav-wb‡la mv‡c‡¶ cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki m¤úwË AR©b, aviY, n¯—vš—i ev

181

Ab¨fv‡e wewj-e¨e¯’v Kwievi AwaKvi _vwK‡e......Õ| GLv‡b ivóª

cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡K m¤úwË AR©‡bi AwaKvi cÖ`vb Ki‡jI mgvR Zv‡K †m

AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Q|

Avw_©K wePv‡i cwiQbœZv Kg©xiv `vwi‡ ªi wkKvi| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg KviY

n‡Q, Zv‡`i DcvR©b Kg| Ges †h‡nZz Zviv ¯vei m¤úwË AR©‡bi †¶‡Î

mvgvwRKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z bq d‡j Zvi hw` †Kv‡bv iK‡g DØ„Ë Ki‡Z cv‡iI

Zv Zviv wUwK‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i bv, A‡bK mgq PvqI bv| Avgiv Rvwb,

XvKv wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb-G cÖvq 8 nvRvi cwiQbœZv Kg©x Av‡Q; hvi g‡a¨ 1

nvRvi Kg©xi m‡e©vP †eZb n‡Q 8 nvRvi 8 kZ UvKv| †`o nvRvi Kg©x

cvq 5 nvRvi 6 k Avi evKxiv cvq 4 nvRvi 6 kZ UvKv K‡i| Zv‡`i

PvKwii †gqv` †kl nIqvi ci †Kv‡bv Aemi fvZv cvq bv| XvKvi

evB‡ii Ab¨ wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †¶‡Î Gme Kg©x‡`i †eZb KvVv‡gv Av‡iv

Kg| †Rjv kn‡i I †c․imfv¸‡jv‡Z GB me cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i †eZb

9 k †_‡K ïi K‡i 1 nvRvi 5 kZ ch©š|

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î 17 eQi PvKwi Kivi ciI cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i

PvKwi ¯vqx nqwb Ges G‡`i cÖwZw`‡bi †eZb gvÎ 100/-| †Kv‡bv

mvßvwnK QzwU †bB| GB cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwZK Rxeb

hvc‡bi w`‡K bRi w`‡j †`L‡Z cv‡ev ivóª I AvšR©vwZK ms¯vmg~n

hZUzKz my‡hvM-myweav I AwaKvi GB Rb‡Mvôx‡K cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Zvi

†ewkifvMB mvgvwRK gb:¯vwË¡K Kvi‡Y †m †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

Dc‡ii Gme Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Avgiv eyS‡Z cviwQ, msweavb Ges AvšR©vwZK

gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv Abyhvqx cwiQbœZv Kg©xiv †h ai‡bi Rxeb hvc‡bi AwaKvi

cvIqvi K_v, Zv Zviv cv‡Q bv| d‡j Avgiv GLv‡b ej‡Z cvwi, cwiQbœZv

Kg©xiv gvbevwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Q|

†ckvRxex wn‡m‡e cwi‛Qbœ Kg©xi AwaKvi:

cwiQbœZv Kg©xiv mvaviYZ iv¯v cwi¯‥vi K‡i, Wv÷web cwi¯‥vi K‡i, gqjv

¯vbvši K‡i Ges my¨qv‡iR jvBb cwi¯‥vi K‡i| e¨w³MZ ev †emiKvwi ch©v‡q

Kv‡iv m¨vwb‡Ukb e¨e¯v SzuwKc~Y© n‡q co‡j Zv‡`i †W‡K cwi¯‥vi K‡i †bq|

Gme KvR Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i †`‡k †hme DcKiY e¨eüZ nq Zv n‡jv- Svo ev

SvUv, gqjv GK RvqMv †_‡K Ab¨Î miv‡bvi Rb¨ †VjvMvwo, GKUv †ejP¨v Ges

evjwZ| Avi my¨qv‡iR jvBb cwi¯‥vi Kivi Rb¨ AuvPov Qvov Ab¨ wKQz †Pv‡L

c‡owb| Gme DcKiY w`‡q `y‡Uv nv‡Zi Kmi‡Z Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cwiQbœZv

Kg©xiv bMi I Zvi cÖwZôvbmg~n cwi¯‥vi K‡i iv‡L| wKš‧ GKwU kni cwi¯‥vi

182

ivLvi Rb¨ Zviv †h c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i Zv mvaviYZ ¯^v¯¨ SzuwKi KviY| GB

KvR¸‡jv Kivi Rb¨ cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i ¯^v¯¨ wbivcËvi Rb¨ †hme DcKiY

`iKvi nq, Zv Avm‡j Zv‡`i mieivn Kiv nq bv| Avgiv cÖvq mgq msev`c‡Î

†`wL my¨qv‡iR jvBb cwi¯‥vi Ki‡Z wM‡q welv³ M¨v‡m cwiQbœZv Kg©x wbnZ|

Avgv‡`i msweav‡bi 18(1) Aby‡Q‡` ejv n‡Q, Ô......Rb¯v‡¯¨i DbœwZmvab‡K

ivóª Ab¨Zg cÖv_wgK KZ©e¨ ewjqv MY¨ Kwi‡eb....Õ| msweav‡bi cÖwZkÖwZ

†gvZv‡eK ivóª cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i ¯^v‡¯¨i wbivcËv weavb Ki‡jI Zviv Zv †_‡K

ewÂZ n‡Q, hw`I mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi Ges `wi`ª †jvKRbI GB AwaKvi

†_‡K ewÂZ| GQvov Avgv‡`i kªg AvB‡b Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek cwiQbœ ivLv wel‡q

we …Z wb‡`©kbv _vK‡jI cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i e¨vcv‡i Avjv`v K‡i †Kv‡bv K_v

D‡j­L Kiv nqwb| GwU cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i m¤ú‡K© g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Afve •e wKQz

bq| wKš‧ Avgiv ej‡Z PvB cÖRvZ‡š¿i bvMwiK I Kg©x wn‡m‡e †m ¯^v¯¨ wbivcËv

cvevi AwaKvix|

A¯ú„k¨Zv I mvgvwRK eÂbv ev cÖvwš—KxKiY Pµ:

cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i †ckv m¤ú‡K© Rbgvb‡m †h aviYv weivRgvb, Zvi

d‡j †m mgv‡R Agh©v`v wb‡q evu‡P| GgbwK †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K Agh©v`vevb

ej‡Z wM‡q ev †evSv‡Z wM‡q we`ªc K‡i †g_i e‡jI Mvwj †`qv nq|

Aek¨ A¯ú„k¨Zv aviYvi m‡½ ïay †ckvi m¤úK© †bB| Gi m‡½

fviZe‡l©i RvZcvZ cÖ_v I eY©ev`x mgvR e¨e¯vq `vwq| Aek¨ eY©ev`x

e¨e¯vi kªgwefvRb Ôwbgœe‡Y©Õi gvbyl‡`i Rb¨ mgv‡Ri ÔDPeY©Õ wKQz KvR

wba©viY K‡i w`‡q‡Q| evOvwj cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i †ckv‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e

gh©v`vKi †Kv‡bv †ckv g‡b Kiv bv n‡jI Zv‡`i A¯ú„k¨ Kiv nq bv|

Ggb wK Pv‡qi †`vKvb, †mjyb, †nv‡U‡j, gw›`‡i ÔwbgœeY©Õ †_‡K AvMZ

cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`qv nq bv| wKš‧ evOvwj cwiQbœZv

Kg©x‡`i †¶‡Î GgbUv N‡U bv|

`wjZ †jvKRb GKwU †QvÆ N‡i AšZ wZbwU cÖRb¥ evm Kivi d‡j

Zv‡`i mšvb‡`i gvbwmK weKvk N‡U bv| GK ai‡bi g‡bvweK…wZ •Zwi

nq, hv †_‡K Zviv mgv‡Ri KvQ †_‡K wb‡Riv Av‡iv ~‡i m‡i †h‡Z eva¨

nq| Zviv wb‡Riv iv¯v-NvU I iv¯vi wb‡Pi gjg~Î cwi¯‥vi K‡i

†eov‡jI Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Avevm j Ges ZrmsjMœ bvjv¸‡jv _v‡K

me‡P‡q †bvsiv| Gi d‡j Zviv wb‡Riv A‡bK ai‡bi AmyL wemy‡Li

gy‡LvgyLx nq| `vwi ª, A¯ú„k¨Zv Ges mvgvwRK eÂbvi d‡j Zviv µ‡gB

mgvR †_‡K Avjv`v n‡Z _v‡K Ges G‡Kev‡iB cÖv‡š wM‡q Sz‡j _v‡K|

A¯ú„kZv I mvgvwRK eÂbvi Kvi‡YB `wjZiv nxbgb¨Zvq fy‡M| Gme

eÂbvi Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i mšvbiv bvMwiK n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i bv| nZvk n‡q

183

wcZ…‡ckv MÖnY K‡i Ges c~e©cyi‡li Rxeb‡K MÖnY K‡i| Gfv‡e GKwU

cÖvwšKxKiY P‡µ Zviv AvU‡K hvq|

mvgvwRK gb —Ë¡:

GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev GB cwiQbœZv Kg©xi m‡½, KZK¸‡jv mvgvwRK g~j¨vqb ev

fvebv mgvRgvb‡m †j‡Þ Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k hviv GB cwiQbœZv Kg©xi

`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib, mgvR Zv‡`i‡K mvaviY `wi`ª †jvK‡`i g‡Zv K‡i fv‡e

bv| Zviv †hb Ab¨ iKg `wi ª| mvaviY `wi`ª‡`i cÖwZ mvaviY ga¨weË, DPweË

gvqv ev Kibv cÖ`k©b Ki‡jI cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i cÖwZ GK ai‡Yi N„Yv cÖ`k©b

K‡i; hvi bvg Avm‡j A¯ú„k¨Zv| Giv Avw_©Kfv‡e `wi`ª, mvgvwRKfv‡e A¯ú„k¨

I N„wYZ| hviv evOvwj cwiQbœZv Kg©x Zviv wb‡R‡`i myBcvi ev Svo vi Ggb

cwiP‡q cwiwPZ K‡i bv Ges mgv‡Ri gvbylI Zv‡`i‡K Kg gRyixi `wi`ª g‡b

K‡iB ¶vš †`q| wKš‧ hviv fvi‡Zi wewfbœ cÖ‡`k †_‡K G‡m GLv‡b cwiQbœZv

Kg©xi KvR Ki‡Q Zv‡`i‡KB N„bv Ges A¯ú„k¨ K‡i ivLv n‡Q| A¯ú„k¨Zv I

`vwi`ª-GB wØgyLx cÖwZeÜKZv cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i GKwU we‡kl †Mvôx wn‡m‡e

wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| GB Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i Avjv`v evm v‡b ivLv n‡q‡Q| Av‡Rv Gi

†Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb| GgbwK mvaviYZ Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †KD Rwg wewµ Ki‡Z

Pvq bv| KviY G‡Z K‡i Zviv cÖwZ‡ekx n‡e| GKRb cwiQbœZv Kg©x ev myBcvi

cÖwZ‡ekx †nvK Avgv‡`i mgvR Zv gvb‡Z cv‡i bv, gvb‡Z Pvq bv|

mgvR Zv‡`i gvbyl g‡b K‡i bv| mgv‡Ri mvaviY `wi ª‡`i wb‡q miKvwi-

†emiKvwi me gn‡jB ¸iZ¡ mnKv‡i Av‡jvPbv n‡jI `wjZ‡`i e¨vcviwU †_‡K

hvq G‡Kev‡i g‡bv‡hv‡Mi evB‡i| Zviv GB mgv‡Ri †c‡U †e‡o DV‡jI

cwiwPwZ cvq ÔAb¨ gvbylÕ wn‡m‡e| A_©vr Zviv ÔAb¨Õ n‡q D‡V| Avjv`v n‡q

c‡o e„nr mgvR †_‡K |

DËi‡Yi cÖwZeÜKZv I cÖ¯—ve:

Gfv‡e hviv K‡qK cÖRb¥ a‡i Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Q, Zv‡Z `wjZ‡`i gvbevwaKvi

i¶v Ges Dbœq‡bi †mªv‡Z Zv‡`i hy³ Kivi j¶Y †`Lv hv‡Q bv| G Ae¯vi ga¨

w`‡q cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i fwel¨r cÖR‡b¥i Ici Dbœq‡bi Av‡jv co‡Z cv‡i bv|

d‡j †`‡ki cÖvq 55 jvL gvbyl G‡Kev‡iB AÜKv‡i i‡q hv‡e| GKwU wekvj

Rb‡Mvôx‡K AÜKv‡i †i‡L Avi hv-B †nvK GKwU ivóª wn‡m‡e ev RvwZ wn‡m‡e

c_ Pj‡Z †M‡j †h‡Kv‡bv mgq IB AÜKvi Avgv‡`i †cQ‡b Uvb‡e -GUvB

BwZnv‡mi wk¶v|

184

GB Ae ’v †_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi Rb¨ Avgiv g‡b Kwi, GB cwi‛QbœZv Kg©x‡`i

1. evm v‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e|

2. A¯ú„k¨Zv †iv‡a AvBb cÖbqbmn mvaviY gvbyl‡K ms‡e`bkxj Ki‡Z

Dchy³ Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡Z n‡e|

3. cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i mšvb‡`i wk¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡Yv`bv e„wË Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e

Ges wk¶vq †KvUv c×wZ Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e|

4. cwiQbœZvKg©x‡`i ¯^v¯¨wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

5. Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek Z_v Kv‡Ri DcKi‡Yi AvaywbKvqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

6. cwiQbœZv Kg©x‡`i wkw¶Z mšvb‡`i Dchy³ Kg©‡¶‡Î wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ ivóªxq

wb‡ ©kbv •Zwi K‡i Zv ev¯evqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

- †gvt Aveyj evmvi: Kg©m~Px Kg©KZ©v, bvMwiK D‡`¨vM

185

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i Ae ’v:

Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ KiYxq

nvmvb gvngy` Lvb

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U I K¨vw›U‡b Kg©iZ kªwgKiv evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg e„nr

†ckvRxex m¤cÖ`vq| wKš‧ ev¯weK A‡_© G †ckvq kªwgKiv Zv‡`i AwaKvi I

my‡hvM myweav †_‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡eB ewÂZ| hv Zv‡`i‡K GKwU cÖwšK, Ae‡nwjZ I

`wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡Z cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U ej‡Z A‡c¶vK…Z

Kg e¨‡qi Lvevi †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U I wewfbœ miKvwi, †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi

K¨vw›Ub‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

cÖv_wgKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ‡K․kj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi K¨vw›U‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i

KvQ †_‡K Zv‡`i bvbv eÂbvi K_v ï‡bB Avgiv, myweav ewÂZ gvbe Dbœqb

ms¯v (mvegvm) Zv‡`i mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nB| wKš‧ Zv‡`i wel‡q Z_¨

msMÖn Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Lv hvq, G †ckvRxex m¤cÖ`v‡qi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯v

msµvš †Kvb Z_¨B †Kv_vI †bB| G Ae¯vq kªwgK‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g

Zv‡`i AskMÖn‡bi wfwˇZ Zv‡`i Ae¯v I mgm¨vmgyn wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ wimvP©

Bwbwm‡qwUfm&, evsjv‡`k (wiBe) Gi mnvqZvq GKwU AskMÖnbg~jK AbymÜvb

M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| G M‡elYv XvKv, MvBevÜv I cÂMo †Rjvi cÖvq 76

wU †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U I K¨vw›U‡b cwiPvwjZ nq Ges cÖvq 500 Rb kªwgK G‡Z

AskMÖnb K‡i| c×wZMZ w`K †_‡K G M‡elYvwU GKwU wgkª c×wZ‡Z,

AskMÖnb‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q mivmwi Av‡jvPbv, †dvKvm MÖc, Rwic, Kg©kvjv I

†KBm ÷vwWi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| G M‡elYvi cÖwZwU ¯‡iB kªwgKiv Zv‡`i

wb‡R‡`i Ae¯v I mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ K‡i| M‡elK `j ïaygvÎ Z_¨mg~n

GKwÎKi‡Yi KvR K‡i|

G M‡elYvq †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i‡›U Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i eûgywL mgm¨v, Ae‡njv, `vwi ª

I wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ †ei n‡q G‡m‡Q| G cÖe‡Ü me wel‡q wek` eY©bv †`qvi

my‡hvM bv _vKvq GLv‡b Avgiv msw¶ß cwim‡i cÖavb wKQy Z_¨ Zy‡j aiwQ|

AvMÖnxiv M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K wek` Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q Kg `vwg †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U I K¨vw›Ub¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ Kg

eqmx †Q‡jivB †ewk KvR K‡i| G †¶‡Î wK‡kvi I hyeK‡`i cÖvavb¨ †ewk|

†ckvq Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i msL¨v A‡bK| cÖvq 16.5% kªwg‡Ki eqm 14 eQ‡ii

186

wb‡P| AwaKvsk wkï kªwgK‡`i M­vmeq ev †c­Ueq wn‡m‡e ivLv nq Ges

Zv‡`i‡K w`‡q mve©¶wbKfv‡e †auvqv‡gvQvi KvR¸‡jv Kiv‡bv nq hv Zv‡`i

¯^v‡¯¨i Rb¨ SuzwKc~Y©| G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ bvix kªwgK‡`i msL¨v cyil Kg©x‡`i

Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg| cÖwZwU †nv‡U‡j GKRb ev `yBRb bvix kªwgK KvR K‡ib|

kªwgK‡`i G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nevi KviY AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †M‡j mK‡jB

`vwi`ª‡K cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i| A‡b‡Ki c‡¶B wk¶vi e¨q

enb‡hvM¨ bq e‡j Zviv cov‡kvbv †Q‡o G Kv‡R P‡j Av‡m e‡j Rvbvq| GQvov

cvwievwiK fv½b, cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Ø›Ø, mvgvwRK Ø›Ø BZ¨vw` KviYI Ab¨Zg|

Gi evB‡i MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i G‡m G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nevi wcQ‡b Av‡iKwU eo

KviY n‡Q e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK FY| ZvQvov G †ckvq †Kvb c~e© AwfÁZvi

cÖ‡qvRb †bB e‡j †h †KD mn‡R KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

AwaKvsk kªwgK Zv‡`i G †ckvq mš‧ó bq Ges cÖvq 83% kªwgK Zv‡`i GB

†ckv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| Zviv g‡b K‡i GLv‡b Zviv ewÂZ n‡Q Ges G

Kv‡Ri †Kvb fwel¨Z †bB|

G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ AwaKvsk kªwgKB eû m`m¨ wewkó cwiev‡ii m`m¨| cÖvq

51% kªwgK‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v 6 †_‡K 10 Rb Ges 41% kªwgK Zv‡`i

cwiev‡ii cÖavb DcvR©bKvwi e¨w³| hv †_‡K Zv‡`i A_©‣bwZK `vwqZ¡ m¤^‡Ü

GKwU aviYv cvIqv hvq|

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U-G Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i GKwU eo Ask wbi¶i | cÖvq 51%

kªwgK †jLv cov Rv‡bbv ev f~‡j †M‡Q, hv‡`i g‡a¨ 34% KL‡bv ¯‥z‡jB hvqwb|

`vwi‡ ªi Kvi‡Y ¯‥z‡j bv hvIqv Ges cÖvBgvwi wk¶v †kl bv K‡i ¯‥zj †Q‡o Avmvq

G Ae¯vi Ab¨Zg KviY e‡j kªwgKiv g‡b K‡i|

G ch©š cÖ`Ë Z_¨ †_‡K G †m±‡i Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯v m¤^‡Ü

GKwU aviYv cvIqv hvq| hw`I `vwi`ªcxwoZ GB Rb‡Mvôx Zv‡`i Ae¯v †_‡K

cwiÎv‡Yi j‡¶¨B G †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ nq| wKš‧ Zv‡`i Kg©¯‡ji mgm¨vmg~n

Zv‡`i‡K Av‡iv cðvrMvgx K‡i‡Q|

Kg©¯‡j kªwgK‡`i G mgm¨v ïi nq Zv‡`i wb‡qvM cÖwµqv †_‡K| †nv‡Uj

†i÷z‡i‡›U Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i †Kvb wbqgZvwš¿K wb‡qvM e¨e¯v †bB| ïaygvÎ gy‡Li

K_v‡ZB Zviv KvR ïi K‡i| †Kvb iK‡gi wb‡qvMcÎ Zv‡`i‡K †`qv nq bv|

d‡j kªwgK‡`i cÖwZ Zvi gvwj‡Ki †Kvb `vqe×Zv _v‡Kbv| Zv‡`i PvKwii †Kvb

wbðqZv †bB| †h †Kvb mgq gvwj‡Ki BQvq Zv‡`i PvKwi P‡j hvq| PvKzwi

cieZ©x †Kvb my‡hvM myweavI †bB|

187

kªwgK‡`i Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg cvwikªwgK †`qv nq| hv Øviv

Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i c‡¶ PjvB KwVb n‡q `vuovq| wkï kªwgK I bvix kªwg‡Kiv

cvwikªwg‡Ki †¶‡Î •el‡g¨i wkKvi nq| GQvovI wVK mg‡q cvwikªwgK bv †`qv,

cvwikªwgK bv w`‡q PvKzwi †_‡K ewn®‥vi K‡i †`qv BZ¨vw` bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v

i‡q‡Q| cÖvq 35% kªwgK gv‡m gvÎ 300 †_‡K 700 UvKv †c‡q _v‡K|

Zv‡`i‡K †Kvb ai‡bi †evbvm, fvZv ev Ab¨ †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K myweav †`qv

nqbv|

kªwgK‡`i Ifvi UvBg ev †Kvb Avw_©K myweav QvovB A‡bK †ewk mgq a‡i KvR

Ki‡Z nq| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î Zviv Nyg †_‡K DVvi ciB KvR ïi K‡i Ges

Avevi Nyg‡Z hvevi AvM ch©š KvR K‡i| cÖvq 40% kªwgK‡K 14 N›UviI †ewk

mgq a‡i KvR Ki‡Z nq|

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgKiv KL‡bvB QywU cvqbv| Zv‡`i Rb¨ mvßvwnK, gvwmK ev

evrmwiK †Kvb QywUi e¨e¯v †bB| GgbwK we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b hw` †KD QywU †bq

Z‡e Zv‡K Ab¨ KvD‡K Zvi cwie‡Z© Kv‡R w`‡q †h‡Z nq| Ab¨_vq QywU wb‡j

Zvi PvKzwi P‡j hvq| gvwj‡Ki wbR¯^ †Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` †nv‡Uj eÜ _v‡K Z‡e †m

mg‡qi Rb¨ kªwgK‡`i‡K †Kvb cvwikªwgK †`qv nq bv|

A¯v¯¨Ki cwi‡e‡k `xN©mgq a‡i KvR Kivi Kvi‡Y AwaKvsk kªwgKB bvbv

ai‡bi kvixwiK mgm¨vq f~‡M| cÖvq 40% kªwgK †Kvb bv †Kvb `xN©‡gqvw` I

RwUj kvixwiK Amy Zvq Avµvš| gvwjK‡`i KvQ †_‡K Zviv †Kvb ai‡bi

wPwKrmv mvnvh¨ cvqbv| Avi Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvIqvi gZ Avw_©K ¯^QjZvI

Zv‡`i †bB| ZvB Zviv AwaKvsk †¶‡Î iv¯vi Jla we‡µZv‡`i DciB

wbf©ikxj| G‡Z K‡i A‡bK †¶‡Î Zviv f~j wPwKrmvi wkKvi nq| kixi †ewk

Amy ¨ n‡q co‡j Zviv KvR †Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ nq|

G †ckvq Kg©iZ kªwg‡Ki †Kvb Avevmb e¨e¯v †bB| d‡j Zviv †i÷z‡i‡›Ui

wfZ‡iB A¯v¯¨Ki cwi‡e‡k GKmv‡_ _vK‡Z eva¨ nq| wewfbœ eq‡mi kªwgKiv

GK mv‡_ _vKvi Kvi‡Y bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨vi m„wó nq Ges wkï kªwg‡Kiv cÖvqB

kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| G QvovI †i÷z‡i‡›Ui wfZ‡i †Pqvi †Uwe‡ji

Dci I ivbœv N‡i Nygv‡Z wM‡q wewfbœ mgq `~N©Ubv N‡U _v‡K|

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwg‡Ki Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi e¨e¯v †bB| Zviv

mvaviYZ wbKUeZ©x evRvi ev cvewjK Uq‡jU e¨envi K‡i| A‡bK †¶‡Î Zviv

†Lvjv gv‡V ev R½‡j gj Z¨vM K‡i hv Zv‡`i wewfbœ kvixwiK mgm¨v m„wó K‡i|

Rb¯v‡¯¨i Rb¨ GwU gvivZ¥K ûgwK ¯^iƒc| G Ae¯vi Kvi‡Y kªwgKiv cÖvq

kvixwiK mgm¨vq f~‡M _v‡K|

188

kªwgK‡`i GKgvÎ myweav †h Zviv Lvevi †c‡q _v‡K| wKš‧ `yt‡Li welq, †h

Lvevi Zv‡`i‡K †`qv nq Zv Zv‡`i kvixwiK cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq AcÖZzj Ges

AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB LiP Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ wbgœgv‡bi Lvevi †`qv nq| kªwgK‡`i

Lvev‡i Avwgl _v‡K bv ej‡jB P‡j| A‡bK †¶‡Î Zviv w`‡bi ci w`b ïay fvZ

I mewR †L‡q _v‡K|

AwaKvsk kªwgKB SuywKc~Y© I A¯v¯¨Ki cwi‡e‡k `xN©mgq a‡i KvR K‡i| cÖvq

me †i÷z‡i‡›Ui ivbœvNi AZ¨š A¯v¯¨Ki I wNwÂ| ivbœvNi †_‡K †auvqv wbM©g‡Yi

mye¨e¯v bv _vKvq wfZ‡i Kg©iZ kªwgKiv dzmdz‡mi mgm¨vq Avµvš nq|

AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB ivbœvN‡i cÖ‡e‡ki I wbM©g‡Yi c_ AZ¨š msKxY© _v‡K| hvi

d‡j AwMœKvÊ NU‡j gvivZ¥K `~N©Ubv N‡U| GQvov `ªZ mvwf©m †`qvi Rb¨

AwaKvsk kªwgK Lvwj cv‡q KvR K‡i| hviv evmb gvRvi I Ab¨vb¨ †auvqv‡gvQvi

KvR K‡i Zviv M­fm ev Ab¨ wKQy e¨envi bv Kivi Kvi‡Y nv‡Z I cv‡q ¶Z m„wó

nq| G mKj †nv‡Uj I †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ mvgvb¨Zg cÖv_wgK wPwKrmviI

e¨e¯v †bB|

kªwgK‡`i Av‡iKwU cÖavb mgm¨v n‡Q kvixwiK I gvmwmK wbh©vZb| wkï I Aí

eqwm kªwgKivB cÖavbZ kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| Z‡e gvbwmK wbh©vZb

mevB‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| kªwgKiv gvwjK I Kv÷gvi `yc‡¶i KvQ †_‡KB

wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Z GKUz †`wi n‡j ev gvb Lvivc n‡j

Kv÷gviiv gvwjK bv e‡j kªwgK‡`i MvwjMvjvR K‡i| A‡bK †¶‡Î gviaiI

K‡i| kªwgK‡`i †Kvb KvR AcQ›` n‡jB gvwjKiv Zv‡`i wbh©vZb K‡i| bvix I

wkï kªwgKiv gvwjK I Ab¨vb¨ kªwgK‡`i ØvivI wbh©vwZZ nq|

kªwgK‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨I wewfbœ cÖKvi we‡f` I mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨

H‡K¨i Afve Zv‡`i‡K AviI `~e©j Ki‡Q| Gi d‡j gvwj‡Ki †Kvb Ab¨vq

AvPiY ev Kv‡Ri cÖwZev` Kivi gZ mvnm Zv‡`i _v‡Kbv| wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨,

A‣b‡K¨i Kvi‡Y, kªwgK‡`i Dci A‣bwZKfv‡e †Kvb wKQy Pvwc‡q w`‡qI

gvwj‡Kiv cvi †c‡q hvq| kªwgKiv wb‡Riv cÖvqB bvbv ai‡bi SMov weev` K‡i

_v‡K| G mKj we‡f` ev gZv‣bK¨ wgUv‡bvi †Kvb c×wZI Zv‡`i Rvbv †bB |

h_vh_ wk¶v I Z‡_¨i Afve kªwgK‡`i µgvMZ wcwQ‡q w`‡Q | G‡K‡Zv Zv‡`i

h‡_ó wk¶v †bB, Gi Dci †Kvb wel‡q †Kvb Z_¨I Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †cu․Qvq bv|

d‡j Zv‡`i wK Kiv DwPZ G wel‡qI Zviv mwVK wm×vš wb‡Z cv‡ibv| GQvov

AvZ¥ Dbœqb I `¶Zv e„w×i Afve Zv‡`i‡K w`‡b w`‡b Av‡iv cðvrc` Ki‡Q|

h_vh_ Z_¨ I Áv‡bi Afve‡K kªwgKiv Av‡iKwU eo mgm¨v e‡j g‡b K‡i|

GKwU †ckv wn‡m‡e G Kv‡Ri †Kvb gh©v`v ev ¯^xK…wZ †bB e‡j kªwgKiv g‡b

K‡i| †Kv_vI wM‡q †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK e‡j cwiPq w`‡j gvbyl m¤§vb K‡i

189

bv eis †QvU K‡i †`‡L| ZvB GB †ckvq Kg©iZ kªwgKiv nxbgb¨Zvq †fv‡M Ges

Zviv G †ckvi ¯^xK…wZ PvB|

mywbw`©ófv‡e G kªwgK Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó †Kvb AvBb

†bB| d‡j cÖPwjZ AvBb Øviv Zv‡`i AwaKvi wbwðZ n‡Q bv Ges Zviv AvBbx

myweav †_‡K ewÂZ n‡Q| kªg AvBbI G †ckvq Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i †¶‡Î ev¯

evwqZ n‡Q bv| RvZxq bxwZ wba©viY I wm×vš MÖn‡bi †¶‡Î GKwU †ckvRxex

m¤cÖ`vq wn‡m‡eI Zviv cwiwPZ bq| hvi d‡j Zviv µgvMZB Ae‡nwjZ n‡Q

Ges Dbœqb cÖwµqv †_‡K wcwQ‡q co‡Q|

bvix cyi‡li •elg¨ G †ckvi Av‡iKwU Ab¨Zg mgm¨v| bvix kªwgKiv G †ckvq

bvbvg~Lx •el‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Q| Zv‡`i‡K cyil kªwgK‡`i †P‡q Kg cvwikªwgK

†`qv nq| GQvov Zviv bvbvb ai‡bi gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Q| bvix

AwaKvi †_‡K Zviv m¤ú~Y©B ewÂZ n‡Q|

kªwgK‡`i A‡b‡KB bvbvb ai‡bi Lvivc Af¨vm I †bkvq Avµvš| hvi g‡a¨ g`

I Ryqv †Ljv Ab¨Zg| GwU Zv‡`i A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v‡K Av‡iv SuzwKc~Y© Ki‡Q|

we‡bv`‡bi †Kvb e¨e¯v bv _vKvq Ges cwievi †_‡K `~‡i _vKvi Kvi‡Y

kªwgK‡`i GKwU eo Ask SuywKc~Y© †h․b AvPi‡Y Af¨¯| d‡j G †ckvq Kg©iZ

kªwgKiv GBPAvBwf, GBWm Gi Rb¨ GKwU SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôx|

m‡ev©cwi G‡¶‡Î Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i wb‡R‡`i gZ cÖKv‡ki †Kvb ¯^vaxbZv †bB|

†Kvb wel‡q Zv‡`i gZvgZ MÖnb Kiv nqbv ev ¸iZ¡ †`qv nq bv| Zviv me wKQy

†g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨| Gi d‡j Zviv g‡b K‡i Zv‡`i ¯vaxbZv †bB| m‡e©vcwi

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i mgm¨vmg~n Zz‡j aiv I Gi mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ Zv‡`i

gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki †Kvb c­vUdg© †bB hv Zv‡`i‡K µgktB Av‡iv wb‡®úwlZ

Rb‡Mvôx‡Z cwibZ Ki‡Q| G M‡elYv †_‡K G welq G‡Kev‡iB cwi®‥vi †h G

†ckvi kªwgKiv GKwU Ae‡nwjZ ,wbh©vwZZ I wcwQ‡q cov Rb‡Mvôx| G Ae¯vi

cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ wKQy mycvwikI kªwgK‡`i mivmwi AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g wba©viY

Kiv nq| G¸‡jv nj:

kªwgK‡`i mwVK Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ G †ckvq Zv‡`i mivmwi AskMÖn‡bi

gva¨‡g mywbw`©ó cwiKíbv cÖYqb| Zv‡`i AskMÖnb wbwðZc~e©K Zv

ev evq‡bi e¨vcK wfwËK D‡`¨vM MÖnb| kªwgK‡`i mivmwi AskMÖnb

Zv‡`i wel‡q †h †Kvb cwiKíbvi †¶‡Î AZ¨š ¸iZ¡c~Y©| †Kbbv, wewfbœ

ev eZvi mv‡_ Zviv GZUvB m¤ú„³ †h, Zv‡`i AskMÖnb Qvov †Kvb

cwiKíbvq djcÖmy n‡e bv |

190

kªwgKiv †h me †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U ev K¨vw›U‡b KvR Ki‡Q †mLv‡b Zv‡`i

AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †i÷z‡i›U wfwËK kªwgK‡`i ¶z`ª ¶z`ª msMVb M‡o

†Zvjv cÖ‡hvRb| G mKj msMV‡bi `¶Zv e„w×i gva¨‡g kªwgK‡`i AwaKvi

Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ ev¯e wfwËK D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv `iKvi| †UªW BDwbqb¸‡jv

hLb RvZxq ivRbxwZi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤ú„³ G Ae¯vq †i÷z‡i›U wfwËK

mywbw`©ó mgm¨vmg~n mgvav‡b G ¶z`ª msMVb¸‡jv ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb

Ki‡Z cv‡i|

kªwgK‡`i wbR¯ D‡`¨v‡M M‡elYvi gva¨‡g eZ©gvb cwiw¯wZi wfZi †_‡KB

Dbœqb mnvqK c×wZ I cwi‡ek D™¢veb I cÖ‡qvM Kiv| G j‡¶¨ kªwgK‡`i

cwiPvwjZ MYM‡elYv GKwU ¸iZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

kªwgK‡`i gZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM m„wó Kiv I Zv‡`i K_v ej‡Z †`qvi Rb¨

kªwgK, gvwjK, Kv÷gvi, †UªW BDwbqb I Ab¨vb¨ †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i mgš‡q

GKwU c­vUd‡g©i cÖ‡qvRb| G c­vUd‡g© me †÷K‡nvìvi hvi hvi Ae¯vb

†_‡K K_v ejvi my‡hvM cv‡e Ges G Rb‡Mvôxi mgm¨v I mgvavb wel‡q

GKwU †evSvcovi m„wó n‡e|

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i hveZxq AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖPwjZ

AvB‡bi ms¯‥vi cÖ‡qvRb| GQvov cÖ‡qvR‡b G wel‡q bZzb AvBb cÖYqb

Kiv&| †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U¸‡jv wkí wn‡m‡e wPwýZ bq| Kv‡RB G Kv‡R

wb‡qvwRZ kªwgKiv wkí kªwg‡Ki myweavw` †_‡KI ewÂZ| G †ckv wel‡q †h

mKj AvBbx RwUjZv i‡q‡Q Zvi AemvbKiY Ges kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ AvBbB

mnvqZv wbwðZ Kiv|

kªwgK‡`i ¯^v¯¨, wk¶v I wPwKrmv mgm¨vmg~n mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ Lye `ªZ

D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv Riix| G †¶‡Î gvwjK, kªwgK, miKvwi-†emiKvwi I

Ab¨vb¨ mn‡hvMx ms¯vi AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g c`‡¶c MÖnb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

Ab¨_vq G Rb‡Mvôxi mvgvwRK AMÖMwZ gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨vnZ n‡e|

†nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ ¯^v¯¨Ki m¨vwb‡Ukb I Avevmb e¨e¯v

KivI AZ¨š Riix| kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ ¯^v¯¨, wk¶v, AvZ¥-Dbœqb I Ab¨vb¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq wel‡q e¨vcK m‡PZbZv •Zwi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GQvov hv‡Z Zviv

G †ckvq fvj Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi Rb¨ †ckvMZ `¶Zve„w×g~jK cÖwk¶‡Yi

e¨e¯v Kiv| Z‡e G wel‡q gvwjK‡`i‡K ¸iZ¡c~Y© fywgKv cvjb Ki‡Z

n‡e|

gvwjK, Kv÷gvi, †UªW BDwbqbmn mKj †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i g‡a¨ D³

Rb‡Mvôxi wewfbœ mgm¨v m¤^‡Ü GKwU e¨vcK wfwËK avibv •Zwi Ges

mKj‡K Zv‡`i cÖwZ mnvbyfywZkxj Kiv|

191

RvZxq bxwZwba©viY I Dbœqb cwiKíbvq GKwU myweav ewÂZ I wcwQ‡q cov

Rb‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i Dcw¯wZ wbwðZKiY Ges Zv‡`i welqwU‡K

¸iZ¡mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Kiv|

m‡ev©cwi G Ae‡nwjZ kªwgK Rb‡Mvôx‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨

RvZxq, AvšR©vwZK, miKvwi, †emiKvwi wewfbœ Dbœqb I †mev `vbKvwi

ms¯vi mgš‡q GKwU mv‡cvU© †bUIqvK© M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i‡K mwVK

mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

me‡k‡l G K_v ejv hvq †h, †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U †m±‡i evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU eo

Rb‡Mvôx Kg©iZ| wKš‧ Zv‡`i AwaKvimg~n h_vh_fv‡e c~iY bv Kivi Kvi‡Y

GB weivU Rb‡Mvôx `vwi ªmxgvi wb‡PB i‡q †M‡Q Ges µgvMZ Av‡iv `wi ª n‡q

co‡Q| G Ae¯vq cÖ`Ë mycvwikmg~‡ni wfwˇZ †nv‡Uj †i÷z‡i›U kªwgK‡`i

mwVK Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ D‡`¨vM †bqv Riix|

- nvmvb gvngy Lvb: wd«j¨vÝ M‡elK

192

wek¦vqbt AcÖvwZôvwbK wkíLvZ

Avmjvg Lvb

DbœZ †`kmg~‡ni wek¦vq‡bi K¨v‡¤úB‡b mvaviYfv‡e gvbyl †f‡e wb‡qwQj Mixe

†`k abx n‡e, Drcv`b evo‡e, û û K‡i wkíKviLvbv M‡o DV‡e, Mixe †`‡ki

Drcvw`Z cb¨ abx †`‡ki yqvi w`‡q Zv‡`i evRv‡i Xy‡K co‡e| mviv we‡k¦i

Øvi D‡b¥vPb n‡e kªªwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri Rb¨, wewb‡qvM evo‡e, Aeva mylg

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq b¨vh¨Zv cÖwZwôZ n‡e| GgbUvB g‡b Kiv n‡qwQj wek¦vqb n‡Q

A_©‣bwZK ms¯‥vi Kg©m~wP| A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w×, gvby‡li Rxe‡bi gvb Dbœqb, `vwi`ª

we‡gvPb, e¨emv evwYR¨ e„w×, wkívqb I Dbœq‡bi j¶¨ wb‡q wek¦ e¨vsK,

AvBGgGd GKwU A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯v cÖeZ©‡bi mycvwik K‡i| Avw_©K ms¯‥v‡ii G

bv‡gB wek¦vqb c„w_ex‡Z cwiwPZ n‡q DVj| wek¦vqb cÖwµqvq gvby‡li mvgvwRK

web¨vm `ªZ cwiewZ©Z n‡Q| iƒcvšwiZ n‡Q Avgv‡`i gyj¨‡eva, cwiewZ©Z n‡Q

Rxeb hvcb c×wZ, bZzbfv‡e web¨¯ n‡Q cÖ_v cÖwZ‡ek Ges A_©bxwZ|

K‡c©v‡iU cuywRi AvšR©vwZK PjvPj Ges G‡`i Drcvw`Z cb¨ wek¦e¨vwc Aeva

evRvi m„wói cÖvwZôvwbK Av‡qvRb M‡o †Zvjvi bvgB wek¦vqb| G wek¦vqb

Neoliberal Globalization ev be¨ D`vi wek¦vqb bv‡g cwiwPZ| hv‡K K‡c©v‡iU

wek¦vqbI ejv nq| evsjv‡`kI wek¦vq‡bi †XD‡q †`vjvwqZ| wek¦e¨vsK,

AvBGgGd Gi †cÖmwµck‡b †`k cwiPvwjZ n‡Q| ÒcÖvB‡fUvB‡Rkb †evW©Ó

MVb K‡i ivóªvqvZ¡ KjKviLvbv e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq †Q‡o †`qv n‡q‡Q|

KjKviLvbvmg~n AvaywbKvqb bv K‡i eÜ Kiv n‡q‡Q| weÁvb cÖhyw³i

AvaywbKvqb, `¶ kªwgK, ¸YMZ gvb m¤úbœ c‡Y¨i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cyi‡bv

hš¿cvwZ, K‡g©v‡`¨v³vi Afv‡e, A`¶ kªwgK, evgyb n‡q DbœZ †`‡ki nvwZi mv‡_

Amg cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wUK‡Z cvi‡Qbv| wkí KjKviLvbvi †jvKmv‡bi Rb¨ ïaygvÎ

kªwgK Ges †UªW BDwbq‡bi Dci `vqfvi Pvwc‡q †`Iqv nq wKš‧ we‡ePbvq

†bIqv nqbv wewb‡qvM, evRvi c‡Y¨i gvb, gvwj‡Ki KwgU‡g›U, miKvwi

c„ô‡cvlKZv, kªwg‡Ki cÖwk¶Y G welqmg~n| †jvKmvbK…Z wkí e¨vsK †_‡K

UvKv FY wb‡q †mB UvKv w`‡q KjKviLvbv wK‡b wb‡q wKQz w`b Pvjv‡bvi ci †j-

Ad K‡i †`Iqv nq| d‡j e¨w³Lv‡Z mn‡R eo‡jvK nIqvi †Ljvwc F‡Yi

GKwU ¯vqx †jvfbxq KjPvj‡Ki m„wó n‡q‡Q| wek¦vqb cÖwµqvq ivR‣bwZK

wek¦vqb ¯^vaxb mv‡e©v‡f․g miKvi ¯^vaxb bq, wek¦ e¨vsK, AvBGgGd G‡`i

†cÖmwµck‡b Pj‡Z nq| mvs¯‥…wZK wek¦vq‡b weÁvc‡b ïay `¶Zv †hvM¨Zv

cÖwZ‡hvwvMZvi K_v ejv nq wKš‧ wK‡mi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, Kvi mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Zv

193

Avi ejv nqbv| d‡j kªwgK g‡b K‡i †m A`¶ Zvi gRywi Kg n‡e| †UªW

BDwbqb wkí Drcv`‡bi mnvqK bq eis euvav| 20/25 eQ‡i mvs¯‥…wZK wek¦vqb

kªwgK‡K AviI `ye©j K‡i w`‡q‡Q| abx †`kmg~n Mixe †`‡k wkí Drcv`b †nvK

Zv Pvq bv D‡ëv e‡Üi Rb¨ fZ©ywK †`q| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq Av`gRx RyU

wgj| 71 mvj †_‡K 97 mvj ch©š G 26 eQ‡i Av`gRxi †jvKmvb 300 †KvwU

UvKv| Avi cieZx©Kv‡j 98 mvj †_‡K 2002 mvj ch©š wek¦e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©‡k

WvDb mvBR Ki‡Z wM‡q †jvKmv‡bi cwigvb 900 †KvwU UvKv| hw`I 31 eQ‡i

(2002 Ryb ch©š) Av`gRx RyU wgj †`‡k 2 nvRvi 238 †KvwU UvKvi •e‡`wkK

gy`ªv G‡b‡Q| 3Õk 68 †KvwU 10 jvL UvKv e¨vsK my` eve` cwi‡kva K‡i‡Q|

miKvwi †KvlvMv‡i Rgv c‡o‡Q 9 k †KvwU UvKv| wewfbœ wej eve` w`‡q‡Q 197

†KvwU 85 jvL UvKv| G Z_¨ mg~n †Mvcb †i‡L †jvKmv‡bi cªPvi †ewk †ewk

K‡i Kiv n‡q‡Q| Av`gRx wgj e‡Üi Rb¨ miKvi e¨q Kij 831 †KvwU UvKv

Avi jvfRbK Ki‡Z 170 †KvwU UvKv LiP n‡Zv| wgjwU eÜ Kiv nj

AvaywbKvqb Kiv njbv| Av`gRx Z_v cvU wkí‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ hLb

evsjv‡`k 25 †KvwU Wjvi we‡`kx mvnvh¨ cÖ`v‡bi Pzw³ Kiv n‡Q ZLb Avevi

fvi‡Zi cvU wk‡íi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 25 †KvwU Wjvi cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Av`gRx RyU

wgj e‡Üi ¶q ¶wZ ïay Av`gRxi g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K bvB, Gi cÖfve c‡o‡Q

mviv †`‡k| 17 nvRvi ¯vqx, 7 nvRvi e`jx kªwgK 2200 Kg©Pvwi 450 Rb

Kg©KZ©v PvKwiP¨yZ nIqvq Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Awfkvc †b‡g Av‡m| `¶ cvUKj

kªwgK Rxeb RxweKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i Bbdigvj †m±‡i| cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ

wejywß, kªwgK QvUvB‡q AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ kªg Rxex‡`i †kl wVKvbv| wekvj

†eKvi kªgRxex gvbyl wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z †hgb: wbg©vY KvR,

K…wl, wPswo Pvl I cÖwµqvKiY, BUfvUvi KvR, Mvn©¯¨ KvR, †UvKvB‡qi KvR,

nv‡Zi KvR, †mjvB‡qi KvR, wewo KviLvbvi KvR, `wR©i KvR, ïUwK gvQ

cÖwµqvKiY, evjycv_i en‡bi KvR BZ¨vw`| ZviciI G Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ‡`i

†Kvb w`K wb‡ ©kbv bxwZ I AvBb †bB|

j¶¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ ªZB msKzwPZ n‡q AwaKZi Pvc co‡Q

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Dci| eZ©gvb miKvi ¶gZvq Avmvi ci Pvi gv‡mi g‡a¨B

miKvwi gvwjKvbvaxb 17 wU wkí cÖwZôvb wewµi wm×vš †bq| GQvov ¶gZv

Qvovi Av‡MB Av‡iv 32 wU cÖwZôvb ch©vqµ‡g wewµi cÖ¯ve Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq|

†emiKvwiKi‡Yi bv‡g we-wek¦vqb n‡Q | we-wek¦vqb cÖwµqvq AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z e¨vcKZv †c‡q‡Q|

AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wel‡q e¨vcK Av‡jvPbv GL‡bv ïi nqwb| welqwU cwi®‥vi

Ki‡Z AvBGjI AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi wbgœwjwLZ •ewkó¨mg~n wPwýZ K‡i‡Q-

- mn‡R cÖ‡ek Kiv hvq;

194

- cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi NvUwZ;

- Kg gRywi;

- eva¨Zvg~jK Ifvi UvBg;

- †g․wjK AwaKvi A¯xKvi;

- PvKwii Kg wbðqZv;

- Kg©Pzw³ bv _vKv;

- †`kxq m¤ú` wbf©iZv;

- ¶z`ª AvKv‡ii cwiPvjbv cÖYvjx;

- kªg FY I hš¿mnvqK;

- Awbqwš¿Z I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© evRvi;

- D‡`¨v³v KZ©„K mivmwi Zvi cY¨ †fv³vi Kv‡Q weZiY;

- mywbw`©ó mgq Abyhvwq cwiPvwjZ|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hgb: gRywi

kªwgK, ¯^wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK I cvwikªwgK Qvov cvwievwiK kªwgK| AcÖvwZôvwbK

LvZ GKwU ev eZv | G ev¯ eZvi mgm¨v i‡q‡Q gRywi m‡švlRbK bq|

KvR cvIqvi cÖwµqv t `vjvj AvZ¡xq¯^Rb cvwievwiK cwiP‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i|

Pzw³i aiY t wjwLZ bq †g․wLK|

PvKwii weeiY t AvbyôvwbK c×wZ M‡o D‡Vwb|

eqm I Avq t eqm Abyhvwq Avq Kg †ewk nq|

Kg©N›Uv t 8 N›Uvi †ewk Ki‡Z nq|

gRywi t Ifvi UvB‡gi gRywi A‡bK mgq †`Iqv nqbv|

bvixi gvZ„Z¡ Kvjxb QzwU †bB, mvgwqK QzwU bv _vKv, gRywi •elg¨ cÖwZev` Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv, †UªW BDwbqb AwaKvi †bB| gvwjKiv kªwgK wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z PvB

bv| kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi D‡cw¶Z| ZeyI GLv‡ZB †`k GMy‡Q, mgm¨v mgvav‡b

HK¨e× HK¨gZ cÖ‡qvRb|

AvkvnZ bq Avkvev`x n‡Z n‡e t

e¨w³ †Mvôxi Drcv`bkxj g‡bvfve, †gav m„RbkxjZv, •ah©¨, P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq

mvnm, e¨w³ cwievi D‡`¨v³vi BwZnvm Avgv‡`i †`‡k bZzb bq| †XwK‡Z avb

†_‡K Pvj evbv‡bv, gvwUi evmb †Kvmb •Zwi, ¶z`ª Kvgvikvjvq `v Kzovj •Zwi,

evwo‡Z e‡m ZvgvK cvZv evbv‡bv, KzwUi wk‡íi KvR, wbg©vb Kv‡R kªwgK, ¶z ª

AvKv‡i †MvôxMZfv‡e gvQ aiv I wewµ, ïUwK cÖwµqv KiY G ai‡bi KvR

HwZn¨MZfv‡e n‡q AvmwQj| wKš‧ cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯wZ‡Z cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ M‡o

D‡V‡Q| Avevi wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ msKzwPZ

195

n‡Q| abx †`k Pvqbv Mixe †`k `uvovK| GK GK mgq GK GK w_Iwi

evRviRvZ K‡i A_©‣bwZK wbcxob Pvjvq| evsjv‡`‡kI Zvi Kib cwiYwZ

ivóªxq iMœ LvZ, e¨vcKZv †c‡q‡Q AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ| `vZv‡`i me civgk© †g‡b

bv wb‡q wkí i¶vq `i KlvKwl Kiv, Kg© cwi‡ek •Zwi Kiv, gvwjK kªwgK

mym¤úK© e„w× Kiv, †UªW BDwbq‡b AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvbyl †h †Kvb `~‡h©vM, A_©‣bwZK g›`v †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†h †Kvb KwVb cwiw¯wZ‡Z Lvc LvIqv‡Z cv‡i| Avkvq eyK †eu‡a Rxeb msMÖv‡g

Svwc‡q c‡o| So-SvÅvq nvj †Q‡o †`q bv| k³ nv‡Z GwM‡q hvq| wb‡R‡`i

m¤ú` Kv‡R jvwM‡q jä Ávb cwikªg K‡i †QvU †QvU wkí KviLvbv euvwP‡q

ivL‡ev| G †`‡ki kªwgKiv cvi‡e msKU DËi‡Yi c_ †`Lv‡Z| †h c‡_ G¸‡e

evsjv‡`k|

- Avmjvg Lvb: evsjv‡`k †UªW BDwbqb †K‡› ªi †K›`ªxq †bZv

196

wek¦vqb I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZt mgm¨v I

m¤¢vebv28

cÖ`xc Kzgvi ivq

1. cÖvwZôvwbK I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ t evsjv‡`k kªg AvBb 2006 Gi

Av‡jv‡K

evsjv‡`k kªgAvBb 2006 Gi 2(K) Abyhvqx, ÔDrcv`b cÖwµqvÕ A_© †h‡Kvb

cÖwµqv h_v, †Kvb e¯‧ ev c`v‡_©i e¨envi, weµq, cwienb, weZiY, cÖ`k©b ev

n vš‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ Dnv cÖ¯‧Z, cwieZ©b, †givgZ, AjsKiY, isKiY, †a․ZKiY,

m¤ú~Y© ev wbLuyZKiY, MuvU ev †gvoK e›`xKiY A_ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e wbg©vY

cÖwµqvq Av‡ivcKiY‡K †evSv‡e|

2(6) aviv Abyhvqx, ÔKg©kvjvÕ A_© †Kvb evwoNi ev Avw½bv †hLv‡b †Kvb wkí

cÖwµqv P‡j I 2(7) aviv Abyhvqx ÔKviLvbvÕ A_© Ggb †Kvb Ni-evox ev Avw½bv

†hLv‡b erm‡i †Kvbw`b mvaviYZt cuvPRb ev Z‡ZvwaK kªwgK Kg©iZ _v‡Kb

Ges Dnvi †Kvb As‡k †Kvb Drcv`b cÖwµqv Pvjy _v‡K (wKš‧ †Kvb Lwb Bnvi

Ašf©y³ nB‡e bv); Ges 2 (60) aviv Abyhvqx, ÔwkíÕ A_© †h‡Kvb e¨emv,

evwYR¨, Drcv`b, e„wË, †ckv, PvKzwi ev wb‡qvM; 2 (31) aviv Abyhvqx, ÔcÖwZôvbÕ

A_© †Kvb †`vKvb, evwYR¨ cÖwZôvb, wkí cÖwZôvb A_ev evwo-Ni ev Avw½bv

†hLv‡b †Kvb wkí cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv nq; 2(61) aviv Abyhvqx,

Ôwkí cÖwZôvbÕ A_© †Kvb Kg©kvjv, Drcv`b cÖwµqv A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb

†hLv‡b †Kvb e¯‧ cÖ¯‧Z nq, Awf‡hvwRZ nq, cÖwµqvRvZ Kiv nq A_ev Drcbœ

nq, A_ev †hLv‡b e¨envi, cwienb, weµq, Pvjvb A_ev n¯vši Kivi j‡¶¨

†Kvb e¯‧ ev c`v‡_©i •Zwi, cwieZ©b, †givgZ, AjsKiY, m¤ú~Y© ev wbLuyZKiY

A_ev MuvU ev †gvoKe›`xKiY A_ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e wbg©vY cÖwµqvq Av‡ivc

Kivi †Kvb KvR cwiPvwjZ nq|

wKš‧ 1(4) (Y) aviv Abyhvqx M„ncwiPviK I 1 (4) (X) aviv Abyhvqx Ggb †Kvb

K…wlLvgvi †hLv‡b mvaviYZt `k R‡bi Kg kªwgK KvR K‡ib, †mLv‡b

kªgAvBb 2006 cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv|

28

bvMwiK D‡`¨vM I cvU©bviwkc Ae DB‡gb Bb GKkb (cvIqv) Gi D‡`¨v‡M 02-03 A‡±vei 2009 AbywôZ

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi RvZxq kªwgK Kb‡fk‡b Dc¯vwcZ

197

A_©vr kªg AvB‡bi Dc‡iv³ msÁvbyhvqx, cÖPwjZ AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wnmv‡e

cwiwPZ A‡bK Kg©kvjv, cÖwZôvb wKsev KviLvbv †hgb wbg©vY wkí, gvSvix

AvKv‡ii n¨vPvix, †cvwëª wkí, eybb I †mjvB KviLvbv, e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb ¶z`ª

AvKv‡ii cY¨ Drcv`b I †givgZ KviLvbv cÖf„wZ cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ wnmv‡e

cwiMwYZ n‡e| wKš‧ eZ©gvb Av_©-mvgvwRK ev¯ eZvq cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi D³

msÁv ev ‡e Kvh©Ki bq| eis cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ ej‡Z Avgiv mvaviYZt eo eo

KviLvbv¸‡jv‡K ey‡S _vwK| Ab¨w`‡K ¶z`ª, gvSvix I e¨w³ ch©v‡qi KviLvbv

wKsev Kg©‡¶Î‡K cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Aš©fy³ Kivi †Kvb D‡`¨vM cwijw¶Z

nqwb| cÖPwjZ GB a¨vb-aviYv Ges `vex Dc¯vc‡bi j‡¶¨ msMVwbK KvVv‡gv I

mvsMVwbK D‡`¨v‡Mi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y AcÖvwZôvwbK Gme LvZ‡K cÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmvi cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi wPšv miKvwi ch©v‡q

Abyf~Z nqwb Ges †emiKvwi ch©vq n‡ZI G wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq I Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM

I `vex Dc¯vwcZ nqwb|

2. evsjv‡`‡ki kªgkw³i wefvRb

evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb e~¨‡ivÕi kªgkw³ Rwic 2005-06 Gi wnmve Abyhvqx 15+

eq‡mi †gvU kªgkw³ 49.5 wgwjq‡bi g‡a¨ 47.4 wgwjqb Rbkw³ kª‡g

wb‡qvwRZ; Gi g‡a¨ cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³ 10.2 wgwjqb Ges

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 37.2 wgwjqb| 1999-2000 G AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³ wQj 29.3 wgwjqb, hv 2002-03 mv‡j e„w× †c‡q

`uvwo‡q‡Q 35.1 wgwjq‡b Ges 2005-06 G 37.2 wgwjq‡b|

3. wek¦vqb I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ

wek¦vqb I evwYR¨ D`vixKi‡Yi d‡j cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi ms‡KvPb I

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi e„w× D‡ØMRbKfv‡e e„w× cv‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

Drcv`be¨e¯vi e¨q ms‡KvP‡bi j‡¶¨ AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi ¸iZ¡ e„w× cv‡Q|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgevRvi †`‡ki cÖPwjZ AvBbxKvVv‡gv w`‡q msiw¶Z bv

_vKvi Kvi‡Y AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªg cÖwZwbqZ Ace¨envi I •el‡g¨i

wkKvi n‡Q| †mBmv‡_ evo‡Q `vwi`ª| `vwi`ª n«v‡mi †h j¶¨gvÎv wb‡q RvwZmsN

mnmªvã Dbœqb j¶¨gvÎv wba©viY K‡i‡Q, Zv AR©b e¨vnZ n‡Q|

wek¦vq‡bi g~j ZË¡ evwYwR¨K A_©bxwZ‡Kw›`ªK wewae¨e¯v A_©vr gy³evRvi m¤ú„³,

hvi gva¨‡g mvivwek¦e¨vcx c‡Y¨i Aeva cÖevn, cY¨ Drcv`b e¨e¯vq miKvwi

n ‡¶‡ci bxwZgvjvi Aemvb A_©vr ivóªvqvZ¡ Kj-KviLvbvi weivóªxKiY BZ¨vw`

welq¸‡jv RwoZ| A_©vr c‡Y¨i Drcv`b I wecbbe¨e¯v‡K Aeva I evavgy³

Kivi e¨e¯vB wek¦vqb| cb¨ Drcv`b I wecbbe¨e¯v mivmwi kª‡gi mv‡_

RwoZ| wKš‧ †mB kªg‡K cÖPwjZ wek¦vq‡bi bxwZgvjvq wnmv‡e Avbv nqwb| d‡j

198

cY¨ Drcv`b I wecb‡bi †¶‡Î •ewk¦K bxwZgvjvi ch©v‡jvPbv I Dbœqbmva‡bi

Rb¨ hZ D‡`¨vM MÖnb Kiv nq, †mB we‡ePbvq kªg‡K Z‡ZvUvB AeÁv I

Ae‡njvi †Pv‡L †`Lv nq|

4. wek¦vqb, evwYR¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv t kªg‡kvl‡Yi bZzb †K․kj

ißvbxg~Lx wkí‡K g~jZt cÖwZwbqZ •ewk¦K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq| GB

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi bxwZ wba©vwiZ nq wek¦evwYR¨ ms¯vi m`m¨ iv󪸇jvi wØ-evwl©K

gš¿xmfvi •eV‡K| wba©vwiZ Gme bxwZi wfwˇZ m¶g I A¶g mKj ivóª

wbwe©‡k‡l •ewk¦K evRv‡i wb‡R‡`i `Lj ivL‡Z cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AeZxY© nq|

djvd‡j KvVv‡gv I `¶Zvi wePv‡i ye©j ivóª ‡jvi RvZxq bxwZgvjv I

AvBbmgyn D‡c¶vi wkKvi nq| evsjv‡`‡k kªgAvB‡b kªwg‡Ki AwaKvi,

Kg©cwi‡ek, †ckvMZ ¯v¯¨ wbivcËv, kªwgK Kj¨vY, †h․_ `iKlvKwl cÖwZwU

wel‡q mywbw`©ó AvBb wjwce× _vK‡jI we‡`kx †µZviv ¯vbxq Drcv`K‡`i

Zv‡`i cÖYxZ wbR¯ †KvW Ae KÊv± †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ K‡i| d‡j ¯vbxq

Drcv`Kvix ißvbxKviKiv †`‡ki AvBb †g‡b Pjvi †P‡q †µZv‡`i †KvW Ae

KÊv±‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _v‡K| D‡j­L¨ †h, MZ 9/11 G UzBb UvIqv‡i nvgjvi ci

Av‡gwiKvb †µZviv ¯vbxq Drcv`bKvix‡`i ÔwmwUwcGwUÕ bvgK GKwU †KvW Ae

KÊv± †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ K‡i| Z_vKw_Z wbivcËvRwbZ GB †KvW Ae KÊv±

†g‡b Pj‡Z wM‡q ¯vbxq Drcv`K‡`i evowZ A_© LiP Ki‡Z nq| †mB mv‡_

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wU‡K _vKvi j‡¶¨ Drcv`b g~j¨I n«vm Ki‡Z nq, hv

Drcv`‡Ki gybvdvq mivmwi AvNvZ K‡i|

gybvdv n«v‡mi welqwU‡K mgšq Kiv Ges •ewk¦K evwYR¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wU‡K

_vKvi j‡¶¨ cÖvwZôvwbK LvZ‡K A‡±vs‡k AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z

nq| d‡j vbxq Drcv`K ißvbxKviKMY GKw`‡K wb‡qvwRZ cÖvwZôvwbK

kªwg‡Ki gRywi I myweavi ms‡KvPb bxwZ MÖnb K‡i, Ab¨w`‡K Drcv`b mswk­ó

cÖvwZôvwbK Kvh©µg‡K AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z mieivn K‡i n«vmK…Z gybvdv mgš‡qi

†K․kj Aej¤b K‡i| d‡j GKw`‡K cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKiv A_©‣bwZK

eÂbvi wkKvi nq, †mBmv‡_ AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKiv AvBbx wbivcËv bv

_vKvi Kvi‡Y kªg‡kvl‡Yi wkKvi nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb ißvbxg~Lx wkí Mv‡g©›Um Lv‡Zi wewfbœ ms‡hvRb DcKiY

†hgb Gwc­K I GgeªqWvwi, †dweªK mdU wKsev nvW© Kiv, vbxq ch©v‡q Drcvw`Z

†evZvg, KviPzwci KvR¸‡jv AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Drcvw`Z n‡q Mv‡g©›Um

KviLvbvq mieivn Kiv nq| B‡›`v‡bwkqv, †ci, K‡¤vwWqvi Mv‡g©›Um wkí

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wU‡K _vKvi j‡¶¨ BwZg‡a¨ wbqwgZ cÖvwZôvwbK

199

kªwg‡Ki cwie‡Z© K›Uªv›U kªwgK wb‡qv‡Mi w`‡K Suy‡K co‡Q, hv †mme †`‡ki

cÖvwZôvwbK kªwgK‡K AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡Q|

5. AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi wùwZ t †hLv‡b kªwg‡Ki gh©v`v I gRywii cÖkœ

Ae‡nwjZ

GKw`‡K cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi ms‡KvPb, Ab¨w`‡K AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªgkw³

e„w×i d‡j AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKe„‡›`i g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïi nq| c~‡e©B

D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q, 1999-2000 G AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kªgkw³ wQj

29.3 wgwjqb, hv 2002-03 mv‡j e„w× †c‡q uvwo‡q‡Q 35.1 wgwjq‡b Ges

2005-06 G 37.2 wgwjq‡b; A_©vr MZ 5 eQ‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z 7.9

wgwjqb bZzb kªwgK hy³ n‡q‡Q| hvi cÖfve c‡o‡Q GB Lv‡Zi kªwg‡Ki

gRywi‡Z| d‡j µ‡gB †`‡ki e„nr RbmsL¨v Avq wbivcËvnxbZvi g‡a¨ emevm

Ki‡Q|

`vwi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y cyi‡li cvkvcvwk bvixivI AvR N‡ii evB‡i G‡m cÖvwZôvwbK

I AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªgevRv‡i hy³ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zvi Afv‡e †ewkifvM bvix kªwgK AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kª‡g

wb‡qvwRZ n‡q‡Q| Zzjbvg~jK wePv‡i Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi g‡ZvB bvix kªwgK‡`i

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡ZI A‡bK †ewk •elg¨ I mwnsmZvi wkKvi n‡Z nq, hv

A_©‣bwZK Kv‡R bvixi AskMÖnb‡K evavMÖ¯ Ki‡Q|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z kªwgK‡`i g~jZt wbgœ gRywi cÖ`vb, Aw wZkxj Avq, Awbw ©ó

Kg©N›Uv, bvix kªwgK‡`i cÖwZ gRywi •elg¨, QzwU I cÖPwjZ myweavw` cÖ`v‡bi

weavb bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZwbqZ Zv‡`i kªg †kvl‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z nq| hvi d‡j

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rxeb I RxweKv AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ †_‡K hvq|

6. wek¦vqb I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ t iv‡óªi f~wgKv

evwYwR¨K `„wófw½‡Z cY¨ Drcvw`Z nq gybvdv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨, Ab¨w`‡K

iv‡óªi bxwZgvjv cÖYxZ nq RbmvaviY‡K †mev cÖ`v‡bi j¶¨ wb‡q| evwYwR¨K

wek¦vq‡bi Ke‡j c‡o iv󪸇jv we‡klZt evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv FY I mvnvh¨wbf©i

¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmgyn RbmvaviY‡K †mevcÖ`v‡bi †P‡q evwYwR¨K `„wófw½B MÖnb

Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡Q| hvi d‡j †`‡ki e¨vcK kªgkw³‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi w`‡K ivóª

g‡bv‡hvM cÖ`v‡b e¨_© n‡Q Ges ivóª Zvi RbKj¨vYg~Lx f~wgKv †_‡K µgvMZ

m‡i G‡m evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ n‡Q|

ivóª evwYR¨, wewb‡qvM I cÖe„w× AR©‡b hZUv g‡bv‡hvMx, wVK Z‡ZvUvB

RbKj¨vYKi Kvh©µg Ae‡njvi wkKvi| wek¦vq‡bi Ab¨Zg j¶¨, Drcv`b I

†mev cÖ`v‡b iv‡óªi f~wgKv‡K n«vm K‡i e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb cÖwµqv‡K kw³kvjx

200

Kiv| †mKvi‡YB †`‡ki Kj-KviLvbv, e¨vsK I Rb‡mevcÖ`vbKvix

cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq †Q‡o †`qvi Rb¨ D`vibxwZi cÖe³v

AvšR©vwZK A_©jMœxKvix ms¯v¸‡jv ¯^‡ívbœZ iv󪸇jv‡K µgvMZ Pvc cÖ`vb K‡i

Avm‡Q| Kj-KviLvbvi †emiKvwiKi‡Y †`‡ki w¯wZkxj Awbqwš¿Z AcÖvwZôvwbK

LvZ Avi †ewk ùxwZjvf K‡i kªwg‡Ki Avq-wbivcËv I RxweKv‡K ûgwKi gy‡L

†V‡j w`‡Q| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Ges cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z ¯^í Av‡qi kª‡g

wb‡qvwRZ †`‡ki e¨vcK `wi ª Rb‡Mvôx Z_v bvMwiKe„›`‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev

cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ Rb‡mevcÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvb †hgb we`¨vjq, nvmcvZvj, e¨vsK,

exgv, hvZvqvZ, cq-wb¯‥vkb I cvwb mieivn, we`y¨r-M¨vm mieivn BZ¨vw`

cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| wKš‧ Z_vKw_Z wek¦vq‡bi Ke‡j c‡o Rb‡mevcÖ`vbKvix

Gme cÖwZôvb‡KI jvf I †jvKmv‡bi evwYwR¨K wnmv‡e wb‡q G‡m FY`vZv

ms¯v¸‡jv e¨w³gvwjKvbvq †Q‡o †`qvi Rb¨ µgvMZ Pvc cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi

RbKj¨vYg~jK bxwZ‡K AMÖvn¨ Ki‡Q|

†mBmv‡_ †bZ…Z¡cÖ`vbKvix ivR‣bwZK `jmgy‡ni A‣bK¨, we‡f` I weåvwši

Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`kmn ¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmgyn RvZxq cÖ‡kœ KL‡bv HK¨g‡Z †cu․Q‡Z

cvi‡Q bv| Ab¨w`‡K cÖe„wׇKw›`ªK Dbœqb wnmv‡e G‡b †`‡ki e¨vcK gvby‡li

Kj¨v‡Yi †P‡q ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡ii ùxwZ Ges evwYR¨ I wewb‡qvM e„wׇZ ¯^‡ívbœZ

ivóª ‡jv m‡Pó _vKvi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| †mKkb-1 G D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q,

†`‡ki cÖPwjZ kªgAvB‡bi AvIZvq †`‡ki e¨vcK AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡K

cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv hvq| wKš‧ ivóª KL‡bv †mB D‡`¨vM MÖnb

K‡iwb| eis kªg gš¿Yvjq, kªg Awa`ßi, Kj-KviLvbv cwi`k©‡Ki Kvh©vj‡qi

ev‡RU I Rbkw³ ms‡KvP‡bi gva¨‡g ivóª kªwg‡Ki Rxeb I RxweKvi wbivcËv‡K

µgvMZB AMÖvn¨ K‡i hv‡Q|

7. iv‡óªi f~wgKv wK nIqv DwPZ?

wek¦vqb A_©vr bqv D`vi‣bwZK A_©‣bwZK wewae¨e¯v GKwU ev¯eZv, hv‡K

A¯xKvi K‡i mvnvh¨ I FYwbf©i ivóª mg‡qi mv‡_ Zvj †i‡L GwM‡q †h‡Z

µgvMZB evavMÖ¯ n‡e| wKš‧ GB ev¯eZvi g‡a¨I ivóª Zvi RbKj¨vYg~Lx

bxwZgvjvi ev¯ evqb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wek¦evwYR¨ ms¯vi we‡kl I cv_©K¨g~jK wewa-

e¨e¯vi myweav evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv ¯^‡ívbœZ iv󪸇jv wb‡Z cv‡i| AvBGjI

wW‡m›U IqvK© Kg©m~Px‡Z kªwg‡Ki Rxeb I RxweKvi wbivcËv wel‡q b¨vh¨

wek¦vq‡bi `vex Dc¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q| ïaygvÎ evwYR¨, wewb‡qvM I cÖe„w×i †Rvqv‡i

Mv fvwm‡q bv w`‡q †`‡ki e¨vcK kªgkw³i Kj¨v‡Y wek¦vq‡bi b¨vh¨Zvi cÖ‡kœ

¯^‡ívbœZ †`kmgyn‡K GK‡hv‡M `vex Dc¯vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

201

evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Mv‡g©›Um kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ †ikb cÖ_v Pvjy Kiv

n‡q‡Q| AcÖvwZôvwbK kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ †ikb cÖ_v Pvjy K‡i AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

kªwgK‡`i Avq-wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| K…wl I

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv I Dbœqb dvÊ MVb K‡i

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rxeb I RxweKvi wbðqZv cÖ`vb, `¶Zv Dbœq‡bi

D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e| Dc‡Rjvq Dc‡Rjvq AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i

ivóªxq D‡`¨v‡M AcÖvwZôvwbK kªwgK‡`i cwiwPwZ KvW© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|

AvBGjI Kb‡fbkb 177 †iwUdvB Kivi gva¨‡g AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi we‡klZt

M„nkªwgK‡`i kª‡gi gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| my¯ Rxebhvc‡bi j¶¨

RvZxq b~¨bZg gRywi †NvlYvi gva¨‡g AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgKmn mKj

kªwg‡Ki Avq-wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| m‡e©vcwi AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi Rb¨

Avjv`v kªgAvBb cÖYqb K‡i GB Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Rxeb I RxweKvi wbivcËv

weavb Ki‡Z n‡e|

8. †klK_v

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i msMVb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e GB

LvZ mswk­ó kªwgK‡`i‡KB| miKvi I gvwjKc‡¶i mv‡_ †h․_ `iKlvKwl I

`vex Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi †Kvb weKí †bB|

- cÖ`xc Kzgvi ivq: wd«j¨vÝ M‡elK

202

wek¦vqb I AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ: mgm¨v I

m¤¢vebv

Avmv`-DR-Rvgvb Avmv`

Avgv‡`i ms¯‥„wZ, ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZmn mKj wKQyB wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q wek¦vqb;

GgbwK e¨w³ gvbyl Ges Zvi GKvše¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi A›`ignjI Gi wbqš¿‡Yi

evB‡i bq| cÖPwjZ wek¦vqb mgZv, b¨vqwePvi, gvbevwaKvi I MYZ‡š¿i weKvk

NUvqwb, eis Zv ¶zav, `vwi`ª¨, •elg¨ I eÂbviB weKvk NwU‡q‡Q| Gi cvkvcvwk

Aciva cÖeYZv, Kv‡jv ivRbxwZ-A_©bxwZ, gvwdqvPµ, hy×-msNvZ I †fvMev`

Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q wek¦e¨vcx| wek¦vq‡bi dmj DbœZ abx †`kMy‡jvi N‡iB wM‡q‡Q,

Avi `wi`ª Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv Gi †LmviZ w`‡q hv‡Q| wek¦vqb †Kej

gybvdv I evRvi m¤cÖmvi‡YB e¨¯; abx‡K A‡iv abx Ki‡Q, cÖvwšK †L‡U LvIqv

gvbyl‡K Ki‡Q me©kvš|

kZvãxi ci kZvãx G¸‡Q mg‡qi m‡½ Zvj wgwj‡q; †mB m‡½ AvgivI G¸wQ,

G¸‡Q Avgv‡`i wPšv-fvebv, a¨vb-aviYv I `„wófw½| ZvB Avgiv g‡b Kwi

`vmZ¡, Ae¶q, eY©ev`-G kã¸wj‡KI Avgiv A‡bK †cQ‡b †d‡j G‡mwQ| wKš‧

bv; wek¦vqb `vmZ¡, Ae¶q I eY©ev`‡K bZzb K‡i Rb¥ w`‡q Avgv‡`i †mLv‡bB

†c․‡Qu w`‡Q| wek¦vqb Ggb GKwU msMÖvg, hv cÖwZwU cwievi‡K GKwU hyׇ¶‡Î

cwiYZ Ki‡Q; •ewPÎgq msMÖv‡gi wei‡× Rb¥ w`‡Q GKK ms¯‥…wZi msMÖvg,

¶z‡ ªi wei‡× e„nr Ges cÖK…wZi wei‡× hy×v ¿| d‡j hZ †ewk •bivR¨ evo‡Q,

ZZ Gi Pvc co‡Q mgvRe¨e¯vi Dci| Avi GB •biv‡R¨i wkKvi n‡q Avgiv

mgvR I ev ‧ms¯v‡bi aŸsm Av‡qvRb‡KB Avwj½b K‡i wbwQ| Gi DrK„ó cÖgvY

wKsev mv¶¨ w`‡Q cÖwZw`bKvi Le‡ii KvM‡Ri cÖ_g cvZv|

evsjv‡`k kªwgK Kj¨vb dvD‡Êkb (2006)-Gi msÁvbyhvqx, ÔAcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ

n‡jv †emiKvwi LvZ †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kªwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri ev PvKzwii kZ© BZ¨vw`

we`¨gvb kªg AvBb I Z`vaxb cÖYxZ wewaweav‡bi AvIZvq wKsev wbqwš¿Z bq

Ges †hLv‡b Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i msMwVZ nIqvi my‡hvM AZ¨š mxwgZÕ| wek¦vq‡bi

cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve co‡Q AcÖvwZôvwbK LvZ Ges G Lv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgK, we‡klZ bvix

kªwgK‡`i Dci| Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b w`b-ivZ wbiši †L‡U P‡j‡Q m¤¢vebvgq G

Lv‡Zi kªgRxexiv| wKš‧ Zv‡`i fvM¨ A‡bKUvB Aeva evwY‡R¨i wbqgKvby‡bi

†eovuRv‡j AvUKv c‡o Av‡Q| hLb Rxe‡bi †P‡q jf¨vsk, b¨vqwePv‡ii †P‡q

evwYR¨‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡Q, ZLb •bwZKZv iƒc wb‡Q AivRKZvq|

203

evsjv‡`kmn Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z gy³ evwYR¨ I KvVv‡gvMZ mgšq Rb¥

w`‡Q ¶zav, `vwi`ª Ges Acywói| GKw`‡K ¶zav I `vwi‡ ªi m‡½ jovB K‡i

dzUcv‡Z ï‡q ivZ KvUv‡Q fvmgvb kªgRxex gvbyl, Ab¨w`‡K kwcsgj¸‡jv‡K

wejvmRvZ K‡i jvf jy‡U wb‡Q K‡cv©‡iU ms¯v¸‡jv| G K‡cv©‡iU ms¯v¸‡jv

wek¦vq‡bi Av‡iK bvkKZvgq †Pnviv|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ kªwgK‡`i mvgvwRK I ivóªxq Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î Ae`vb

A‡bK| G kªwgK‡`i kªg-Nvg Ges i³ cvwb Kivi g‡a¨ w`‡qB M‡o D‡V‡Q G

Rbc`, A_P Zv‡`i _vKvi RvqMv †bB, Kv‡Ri wbivcËv †bB, Rxe‡bi wbðqZv

†bB| Giv †gvU kªgkw³i cÖvq 90 fvM| G‡`i Avevi GKwU eo AskB bvix

kªwgK| XvKvmn mviv‡`‡k Kg©iZ G wecyj msL¨K AcÖvwZôvwbK kªwgK‡`i kªg

AvB‡bi evB‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q, msL¨vq Zviv 6 †KvwUi †ewk n‡jI cÖPwjZ kªg

AvB‡b Zv‡`i K_v ejv †bB| Zv‡`i †ejvq by¨bZg gRywiiI †Kvb evjvB †bB|

Zviv Av¶wiK A‡_©B w`b Av‡b w`b Lvq| I‡qwìs, grm¨, wbg©vY, PvZvj,

†`vKvb, RvnvR fv½v, BUfvuUv I M„n vwj Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ G †L‡U LvIqv

gvbyl¸‡jvi gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôvi †¶‡ÎI ivóªxq †Kvb D‡`¨vM †bB| AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi G KvR¸‡jvi AwaKvskB SuzwKc~Y©| Avi G SuzwK †gvKv‡ejvi b~¨bZg

myi¶vI Zviv cvb bv|

wek¦vq‡bi mv‡_ Kuv‡a Kuva wgwj‡q GwM‡q P‡j gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ| gy³evRvi

A_©bxwZi d‡j we‡`kx cY¨ †`‡k Aev‡a cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q; d‡j eûRvwZK

†Kv¤úvwbi Gme c‡Y¨i mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq wUK‡Z cvi‡Qbv AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

†`kxq cY¨ I cÖwZôvbmg~n| †hgb, evsjv‡`‡ki †eKvwi wkí I †nv‡Uj GKwU

m¤¢vebvgq †m±i n‡jI gy³evRv‡ii Kvi‡Y weKwkZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi D‡`¨vM¸‡jv g~jZ ¶z`ª I gvSvwi wkí, hv‡`i cu~wR, D‡`¨vM I mvg_©¨ Kg

_v‡K| Gme cÖwZôvbmg~n eûRvwZK †Kv¤úvwbi mv‡_ cu~wRi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq

wUK‡Z bv †c‡i nvwi‡q hvq, hvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve c‡o kªwg‡Ki Rxeb-RxweKvi

Dci| Gi d‡j PvKzwinviv n‡q kªwgK‡K _vK‡Z nq Abvnv‡i-Aa©vnv‡i|

cwimsL¨vb e¨y‡ivÕi wn‡me g‡Z, 15 `kwgK 34 kZvsk evwYR¨ I †nv‡Uj

†i÷z‡i‡›U Kg©iZ| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ G kªwgK‡`i †Kvb †UªW BDwbqb

bv _vKvq Zviv A‡bK †ewk wewQbœ I AmsMwVZ| 2002-03 mv‡j cwiPvwjZ

kªgkw³ Rwic Abyhvqx, †gvU kªgkw³i 40 kZvsk A_©vr 2 †KvwU 40 jvL

cvwievwiK kª‡g RwoZ| G kªgRxex‡`i 18 `kwgK 28 kZvskB webv gRywi‡Z

cvwievwiK kª‡g wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb, hvi †ewkifvMB bvix| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wbæ

ga¨weË †_‡K ïi K‡i DPweË cÖvq me cwiev‡iB M„nkªwgK i‡q‡Qb| M„nK‡g©i

m‡½ hy³‡`i msL¨v evo‡jI Zv‡`i b¨vh¨ AwaKvi cvIqvi †Kvb wbðqZv †bB|

M„n Af¨š‡i †_‡KI Zviv wbivc` bq| cÖvq mg‡qB Zviv AwaKvi ewÂZ nb

204

Ges wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Zv‡`i Dci P‡j wbh©vZb| mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z G‡`i

Dci nqivwb, wbh©vZb †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| msev`c‡Îi cvZv Lyj‡jB Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L

c‡o M„nkªwgK nZ¨v, wbh©vZb I al©‡Yi Lei| evsjv‡`k Bbw÷wUDU Ae †jevi

÷vwWm (wejm)-Gi Z_¨ Abymv‡i 2001 †_‡K 2008 mvj ch©š M„nkªwgK

wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv N‡U‡Q 640wU; Gi g‡a¨ wbh©vZ‡b wbnZ n‡q‡Qb 305 Rb,

wbh©vZ‡b AvnZ n‡q‡Qb 235 Rb, al©‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb 77 Rb Ges Ab¨vb¨

wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi 23 Rb| Avi GB wbhv©Z‡bi NUbv¸‡jv wewfbœ MYgva¨‡g

cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h, cÖK…Z wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ Av‡iv

A‡bK †ewk|

wbgv©Y kªwgK, PvZvj kªwgK, BUfvuUv kªwgKmn Ab¨vb¨ AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

kªwgK‡`iI `y: ©kvi †kl †bB| Rxe‡bi SuzwK wb‡q Giv KvR Ki‡jI G‡`i

fv‡M¨ RyU‡Q bv by¨bZg gRywi| Giv cv‡Qbv †Kvb wb‡qvMcÎ, †bB †Kvb wbw`©ó

Kg©N›Uv| GLv‡b gvwjK †kªYxi BQvB Pzovš| c„w_exi eû‡`‡k Z_vKw_Z

gy³evRv‡ii g‡a¨I AcÖvwZôvwbK kªwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywi AvBb A‡Q, hv gvwjK

†kªYx‡K †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| gy³evRv‡ii cÖe³v †Lv` Av‡gwiKv‡ZB AvBb Abymv‡i

•ea kªwgK‡K N›Uvq b~¨bZg †mvqv 6 Wjvi gRywi w`‡Z mswk­ó gvwjK eva¨, Gi

e¨vZ¨q NU‡j gvwjK‡K Rwigvbv ¸b‡Z nq|

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i b~¨bZg gRywi GKUv Rjš Bm¨y| gRywi Lv‡Z

bvix-cyil •elg¨ †Zv i‡q‡QB| evRvi cwiw¯wZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L b~¨bZg

gRywi wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| GKRb gvbyl‡K `vwi`ªmxgvi E‡aŸ© †e‡Pu _vK‡Z n‡j

Ges Kg©V wn‡m‡e wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡j •`wbK Kgc‡¶ 2200 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Zvc

Drcv`b Kivi gZ Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cywóweÁvb

Bbw÷wUDU †h Lv`¨ZvwjKv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z GKRb c~Y©eq¯‥ gvby‡li

GKw`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`¨i Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ 50 UvKv `iKvi| A_©vr 4 m`‡m¨i

GKwU cwiev‡ii gvwmK LiP jv‡M 6000 UvKv| GQvov eûj Av‡jvwPZ

wg‡jwbqvg †W‡fjc‡g›U †Mvj-G gv_vwcQy 2 Wjvi Avqmxgv AR©‡bi j¶¨

wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© evsjv‡`‡k Ab¨Zg m¤¢vebvgq G AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi

kªwgK‡`i‡K kªg AvB‡bi Aš©f~³ Ki‡Z n‡e| hv‡`i kª‡g-Nv‡g mf¨Zv I

Dbœq‡bi PuvKv Nyi‡Q, †mB gvbyl¸‡jvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi‡K fve‡Z n‡e;

Zv‡`i mviveQi Kv‡Ri wbðqZv I m¯v †ikwbs Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e| AcÖvwZôvwbK

Lv‡Zi kªwgK‡`i Kg©¯‡j wbivcËv, b~¨bZg gRywi wba©vi‡Yi cvkvcvwk bvix-

cyi‡li gRywi •elg¨ `~i Kiv, wPwKrmv, evm v‡bi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ges G‡`i

205

wkï‡`i wk¶v cvIqvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi wecyj

msL¨K kªwg‡Ki GmKj AwaKvi cÖwZôvi `vwqZ¡ ivóª‡KB wb‡Z n‡e|

Av‡gwiKv I BD‡iv‡c kªwgK‡kªYx ivóªhš¿ I gvwjK‡kªYxi wei‡× `xN© mgq a‡i

Av‡›`vjb K‡i‡Q| Zviv Zv‡`i RbwcÖq `vwe-8 N›Uv KvR, 8 N›Uv wekªvg, 8 N›Uv

we‡bv`b-wb‡q eû Av‡›`vjb, we‡¶vf I ag©NU K‡i‡Q; i³ S‡i‡Q| G wb‡q

Zv‡`i‡K eû c_ nvZ‡o †eov‡Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ hLbB IB Av‡›`vjb ZrKvjxb

kªwgK †kªYxi c‡¶i avivi †bZ…‡Z¡i (me©nvivi gnvb †bZv †d«WwiK G‡½j‡mi

†bZ…Z¡vaxb wØZxq KwgDwbó AvšR©vwZ‡Ki QÎQvqvq) wb‡`©kbv †c‡q‡Q, ZLbB Zv

GKUv †h․w³K cwibwZ †c‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi kªwgK

†kªYx‡KI ZvB GLb Zvi c‡¶i aviv‡K †e‡Q wb‡q †mB cÖwµqv‡K AMÖmi Ki‡Z

n‡e|

Avgiv Rvwb, •bivR¨ •biv‡R¨i Rb¥ †`q, hy× hy‡×i Rb¥ †`q; fq-fxwZ †hgb

Avk¼v‡K Av‡iv evwo‡q †Zv‡j, †Zgwb kvwši evYx DPvwiZ nq kvwši gva¨‡gB|

Avgiv Ggb GKwU wek¦e¨e¯v PvB, †hLv‡b kvwš I b¨vq cÖwZwôZ n‡e, _vK‡ebv

†Kvb †kvlY-•elg¨; †mLv‡b _vK‡e kvwš, fvjevmv, b¨vh¨ AwaKvi I mKj

AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi ¯^xK…wZ| Avgiv GB wek¦Uv‡K GKZv, mvg¨ I b¨vh¨ e›U‡bi

gva¨‡g M‡o Zzj‡Z PvB|

- Avmv`-DR-Rvgvb Avmv`: Kg©m~wP mn‡hvMx, wW.†bU (†W‡fjc‡g›U wimvP©

†bUIqvK©), XvKv, evsjv‡`k| E-mail: azaman.asad@gmail.com

206

wek¦vq‡bi Là‡i evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q:

eû kªgRxexi fvM¨ wech©q

AwgZ iÄb †`

wek¦vqb n‡Q evwYR¨ Ges c~uwRi AvwacZ¨| wek¦vq‡bi d‡j Dbœqbkxj ev AbybœZ

ivóª ‡jvi mve©‡f․gZ¡ cÖkœwe×| A_©‣bwZK bxwZ¸‡jv wba©vwiZ n‡Q wek¦e¨vs‡Ki

¯^v‡_©, wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki wm×v‡š| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki ivRbxwZi †h aviv Zv wek¦vq‡bi

Øviv cÖfvweZ| hviv ivRbxwZi g~jkw³ Zviv wek¦vq‡bi mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e KvR

K‡i P‡j‡Qb| †`‡ki ¯v_© bv †`‡L Zviv wek¦evRv‡ii ev wek¦ cuywRev‡`i ¯^v_©

i¶v K‡i P‡j‡Qb| wb‡Ri ¯v_© Ges cyuwRev‡`i ¯^v_© GK K‡i †d‡j‡Qb|

†`‡ki `vwi ª we‡gvP‡bi eywj Zv‡`i gy‡LB me‡P‡q †ekx AvIov‡Z †kvbv hvq|

wKš‧ `vwi`ª we‡gvP‡bi mv‡_ K…wl, wkí, evwYR¨ I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯vi wbweo

m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †h Kvi‡Y mviv c„w_ex‡Z cwienb bxwZ GKwU eûj Av‡jvwPZ

welq| Gi mv‡_ GKwU †`‡ki cwi‡ek, `vwi ª, A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK e¨e¯v

IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ|

evsjv‡`k Z_v fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯vq b`x c‡_i c‡iB †ij

c‡_i ¸iZ¡ Acwimxg| 1862 mv‡ji 15 b‡f¤i Kzwóqv †Rjvi `k©bv RMZx

†mKk‡b 53 wK‡jvwgUvi †ijjvBb ¯vc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Dcgnv‡`‡ki G A‡j

†i‡ji †Mvov cËb nq| ïi †_‡KB †ij G A‡ji mvwe©K Dbœq‡b cvjb Ki‡Q

hyMvšKvix f~wgKv| †ijI‡qi gva¨‡g GKmv‡_ †hgb A‡bK hvÎx I cY¨ cwienb

Kiv hvq †Zgwbfv‡e cwi‡ek `ylY, R¡vjvbx LiP I f~wgi e¨enviI Kg nq|

A_P mg‡qi cwieZ©b Ges RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q †ijI‡q‡K

AvaywbKvqb I m¤cÖmviY‡Zv y‡ii K_v ms‡KvP‡bi bxwZB M„nxZ n‡q‡Q evi

evi|

1947 mv‡j †ijI‡q †bUIqvK© wQj 2800 wK‡jvwgUvi| AvRI Zv 2,848

wK‡jvwgUv‡i mxgve× i‡q‡Q| Gici i‡q‡Q eMxi mxgve×Zv| 1985 mv‡j Avš

:bMi †Uªb Pvjy nq| Gi ci eMxi msL¨v evov‡bv nqwb| d‡j ¯^í msL¨K eMx I

†Uªb w`‡qB mg¯ †ijc_ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| GKB BwÄb †ewk e¨env‡ii

Kvi‡Y Gi Kvh©KvwiZv K‡g hv‡Q, A‡K‡Rv n‡q c‡o _vK‡Q| K`vwPr †kvbv hvq

†ij e¨e¯vi Dbœq‡b we‡`kx mnvqZv ms¯v¸‡jv A_© eivÏ w`‡q‡Q| Z‡e †mUv

†i‡ji jvBb, ewM ev BwÄbmsL¨v e„w× ev †givg‡Zi Rb¨ bq †÷k‡bi b›`b

207

†m․›`h© e„w×i Rb¨| AevK KvÊ n‡Q Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Z_vKw_Z wek¦ †gvoj‡`i

g``cyó ivR‣bwZK miKvimg~n †m FY MªnYI K‡i _v‡Kb| KviY Gi ga¨ w`‡q

wb‡Ri Ges mswk­ó †jvKR‡bi Av‡Li fvjgZ †MvQv‡bv m¤¢e nq|

Avevi cÖvwZôvwbK I AcÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Zi GKUv wecyj msL¨K kªwgK Gi

cwiPvjb e¨e¯v †_‡K ïi K‡i i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| †÷kb¸‡jv‡K

†K›`ª K‡i M‡o I‡V evRvi| †hLv‡b A‡bK gvby‡li Kg©ms¯vb nq| †Uª‡bi

g‡a¨I AmsL¨ †dwiIqvjv hvÎx‡`i Kv‡Q †ccvi-cwÎKv, Lv`¨`ªe¨, RvgvKvco,

g‡bvnvix `ªe¨vw` wewµ K‡i, RyZv cvwjk, gy‡UMxwi K‡i Zv‡`i RxweKv wbe©vn

K‡i _v‡K| wU‡K _v‡K •cZ…K fx‡U Kvg‡o| hvÎxivI wbivc‡` wbwe©‡Nœ Mš‡e¨

†cu․Qvq| Pjvi c‡_ mvaviY gvbyl †QvULvU cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq G mKj nKvi ev †ij

†÷k‡b M‡o IVv †QvU †QvU G me †`vKvb †_‡K| wKš‧ wek¦vqY bvgK `ye©„‡Ëi

QÎ-Qvqvq we‡k¦i Mvox †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvi gvwjK, †ivW-Uªv݇cv‡U©i mv‡_ hy³ GKwU

kw³kvwj Pµ †KejgvÎ Zv‡`i e¨emvwqK ¯^v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ GKK

AvwacZ¨ we¯vi K‡i P‡j‡Q| G‡Ki ci GK •Zwi n‡Q iv¯v, evo‡Q Mvwo| Gi

Kvi‡Y K‡g hv‡Q Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwg| d‡j f~wgnxb gvby‡li msL¨v evo‡Q| c¶vš

‡i †e‡o P‡j‡Q gybvdv‡jvfx Mvox †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jvi igigv e¨emv| cÖwZw`b

Drcvw`Z n‡Q bZzb bZzb g‡W‡ji Mvwo| mv‡_ _vK‡Q PUK`vix me weÁvcb|

Ab¨w`‡K ¸iZ¡nxb n‡q co‡Q b`xc_, †ijc_| †ij †÷kb¸‡jv‡Z †M‡j

†`L‡Z cvIqv hv‡e Zvi wecbœcÖvq †Pnviv| †jvKvj †Uªb¸‡jvi †Pnviv Av‡iv

†ewk wecbœ| †Uª‡b K‡i A‡bK K…wl kªwgK Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯^í fvovq GK ¯vb

†_‡K Ab¨¯v‡b hvq Kg©ms¯v‡bi Rb¨| wKš‧ †Uª‡bi Ae¨e¯vcbv I µgvš‡q

ewMi msL¨v Kg‡Z _vKvq G mg¯ kªwgK‡`i PjvPj SuywKi g‡a¨ co‡Q|

†÷k‡bi cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvi K…lK ev †dwiIqvjv ¯vbxq ch©v‡q Drcvw`Z cY¨

cvk©¦eZ©x kn‡i wM‡q wewµ K‡i Avevi MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡m| GQvovI †÷kb †K›`ªxK

wi·vPvjK, †VjvMvwoi PvjK †UªbhvÎx Ges gvjvgvj enb K‡i DcvR©b K‡i|

Avevi G‡`i •`bw›`b cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Av‡iv wKQy ¶z`ª e¨emv `vwo‡q

hvq| Ggwbfv‡e ci¯úi wbf©ikxj e¨emvqx †kªYx M‡o D‡V| d‡j †ijI‡qi

`yie vi mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡`iI fvM¨wech©q N‡U‡Q| SzuwKi g‡a¨ co‡Q †÷kb

†K›`ªxK M‡o IVv †QvU e¨emvqx, †dwiIqvjv I G‡`i mswk­ó Ab¨vb¨

AcÖvwZôvwbK †ckvi kªgRxexiv|

e›`ibMix bvivqbM‡Äi mv‡_ KjKvZvi mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM M‡o D‡VwQj

†ijI‡qi gva¨‡g| Av`gRxmn Lyjbv A‡ji cvUKjmg~n ¯vwcZ n‡qwQj

†ijI‡qi Dci fi K‡i| cvUKj¸‡jvi wewfbœ hš¿vsk †b․c‡_ fvi‡Z Avmvi ci

†m¸wj †ijc‡_B evsjv‡`‡k G‡m‡Q| M‡o D‡V‡Q wkí-KviLvbv| wKš‧ `y:LRbK

208

n‡jI mZ¨ wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e Av`gRx eÜmn Ab¨vb¨ cvUKj¸‡jv eÜ Kivi

cÖwµqv †hgb Pzovš, wVK †Zgwbfv‡e †ij †hvMv‡hvM‡K msKzwPZ Kiv,

†emiKvixKi‡Yi bvbvg~wL Av‡qvRb m¤úbœ cÖvq| myZivs kªwgKiv †hgb KvR

nviv‡Q wVK †Zgwbfv‡e †ijI‡q‡K wN‡i hviv †ckv wVK K‡iwQj ZvivI Avi

Zv‡`i †ckv wVK ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

kªgRxex gvbyl‡K Kg©ms¯v‡bi Rb¨ QyU‡Z n‡Q GK kni †_‡K Ab¨ kn‡i|

†mLv‡b G‡mI Kv‡Ri †hvMvb cvIqv fvi| ZviciI hw` KvR †g‡j †Zv †m

Kv‡R c~‡e© †m Af¨¯ wQj bv| Ggwb K‡i Zv‡`i‡K G‡Ki ci GK †ckv

cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡Q| †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡Q SuywKc~Y© Rxeb| µgvš‡q `vwi‡`ªi

mxgvnxb AZj MnŸ‡i wbgw¾©Z n‡Q †ijI‡q‡K wN‡i hviv ¯^cœ †`‡LwQj †eu‡P

_vKvi|

- AwgZ iÄb †`: DaŸ©Zb Kg©m~Px Kg©KZ©v, bvMwiK D‡`¨vM