adj clauses

8/13/2019 Adj Clauses

1/16

Adjective Clauses with

Subject Relative

Pronouns

Famous Faces

and Places

6

Focus on Grammar 4

Part VI, Unit 13

By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ WellsCopyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.


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She’s a scientist whose

discoveries have greatly affected

the medical field.

She discovered the element of

radium, which is used in X-rays.

History 101

Who is Marie Curie?

Oh, I know. She’s a woman who

won the Nobel Prize in 1903.

What did she discover?

Wow. Good answers. Okay, next

question. Who was Gandhi?

Okay, let’s start studying for our

history exam. I’ll ask a question, and

you tell me the answer.


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Gandhi was a man who worked for peace.

Adjective Clauses 1

Use adjective clauses to identify or give additional

information about nouns (people, places, or things).

The clause who worked for peace

identifies the man we are

talking about.

The clause wh ich is in Western India

gives additional

information about Gujarat.

He lived in the state of Gujarat,

which is in Western India.


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Adjective Clauses 2

Adjective clauses can also identify or describe indefinitepronouns such as one, som eone, som ebody,

something , another, and other(s).

George Washington Carver is someone

who was a famous botanist.

someone

The adjective clause directly

follows the noun (or pronoun)

it is identifying.


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Adjective Clauses 3

Sentences with adjective clauses can be

seen as a combination of two sentences.

Florence Nightingale was a nurse.

She developed modern healthcare methods.

+

=Florence Nightingale was a nurse who

developed modern healthcare methods.

Beethoven was a composer.

His music is still enjoyed by many people.

+

=Beethoven was a composer whose

music is still enjoyed by many people.


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The Mona Lisa is a painting that is known throughout the world.

Abraham Lincoln was an Americanpresident who fought against slavery.

Use whose to refer to people’s possessions.

The Mona Lisa is a painting which is known throughout the world.

That is less formal than

who and which and used

more in conversation.

Abraham Lincoln was an Americanpresident that fought against slavery.

OR

OR

Relative Pronouns 1

Adjective clauses begin with relative pronouns.Subject relative pronouns can be who , that, which,

and whose.

who

that

Use which or that to refer to

places or things.

Thomas Edison, whose inventions

changed the world, was born in 1847.

whose inventions

Use who or that to

refer to people.


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Be Careful!

Do not use a subject pronoun (I, you , he, she, it, we,they ) and a subject relative pronoun in the same

adjective clause.

William Shakespeare is an Englishman

who he wrote many well-known plays.

William Shakespeare is an Englishmanwho wrote many well-known plays.


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1. a) Ang San Su Kyi is a Burmese peace activist in Myanmar.b) Myanmar is a country located in Southeast Asia.

2. a) Diego Rivera was a Mexican painter.

b) His work is displayed in many famous museums.

3. a) Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun.

b) She devoted her life to the poor.

Mother Teresa was a Catholic nun who/that devoted her

life to the poor .

Albert Einstein was a physicist who wonthe Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Ang San Su Kyi is a Burmese peace activist in Myanmarwhich is a country located in Southeast Asia.

Practice 1Combine the groups of sentences into

one sentence with an adjective

clause. Use the appropriate relative

pronouns.

Example: a) Albert Einstein was a physicist.

b) He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Albert Einstein was a physicist that wonthe Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

OR

Albert Einstein was a physicist who/that

won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

Example:

Diego Rivera was a Mexican painter whose work is

displayed in many famous museums.


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Relative Pronouns 2

Relative pronouns have the same form whether theyrefer to singular or plural nouns, or to males or

females.

Ferdinand Magellan was the

man who led the firstexpedition to sail around the

world.

Pioneers are people who do

things others think impossible.

Amelia Earhart was the woman

who was the first female pilotto fly across the Atlantic.


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Verbs in Adjective Clauses

The verb in the adjective clause is singular if thesubject relative pronoun refers to a singular noun. It is

plural if it refers to a plural noun.

Copernicus was an astronomer who is

known for his theory that the world is round.

Plato and Aristotle are ancient Greek

men who are known for philosophies.

singular verb

plural verb


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Be Careful!

When whose + noun is the subject of an adjectiveclause, the verb agrees with the subject of the

adjective clause.

Jane Austen was an English novelist

whose novels is read by many students.

Jane Austen was an English novelistwhose novels are read by many students.

subject


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Two Kinds of Adjective Clauses

There are two kinds of adjective clauses,

identifying and nonidentifying.

The books which are on

the table belong to me.

The books, which are on

the table, belong to me.

The adjective clause

identifies which books the

sentence talks about.

The adjective clause is not

necessary to identify the

which books are referred to.


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Commas

A nonidentifying adjective clause is separated from therest of the sentence by commas. Do not use commas

with an identifying adjective clause.

The map which is on the

table is new.

Identifying

Adjective Clause

The map, which is on

the table, is new.

Nonidentifying Adjective

Clause


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Be Careful!

Do not use that to introduce nonidentifying adjectiveclauses. Use who for people and which for places

and things.

Marie Curie, that won the Nobel Prize,

discovered radium.

Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize, discovered radium.

Athens, that is the birthplace

of the Olympics, is in Greece.

Athens, which is the birthplaceof the Olympics, is in Greece.


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1. Louis Armstrong was a famous American musician who he

made jazz popular .

2. Frida Kahlo, whose paintings has recently become well-

known, was a Mexican painter.

3. Nelson Mandela, who live in South Africa, fought against

apartheid.4. Chinua Achebe is a Nigerian author which writes novels

about village life.

5. Valentina Tereshkova who was the first woman to travel

into space is Russian.

Example: Italy, that is the birthplace of opera, is afascinating country.

which is the birthplace of opera, is a

Practice 2Find and correct the errors in the

adjective clauses of the sentences.

Discuss your answers with a partner.

, ,

who

have recently become well-

lives in South Africa, fought against

who writes novels

adj clauses

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