adsl nop thay

7/31/2019 Adsl Nop Thay

1/60

TM HIU CNG NGHADSL SVTH: L HU NGUYN HIP

MC LC

MC LC .............................................................................................................................................1LI M U .......................................................................................................................................3CHNG I ............................................................................................................................................4

TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH ..............................................................................................41.1 M hnh mng .............................................................................................................................41.1.1 M hnh mng ngang hng (Peer to Peer) ...........................................................................41.1.2 M hnh mng khch ch (Client/Server) ...........................................................................5

1.2 Giao thc mng ...........................................................................................................................61.2.1 Giao thc khng c kh nng tm ng ............................................................................6

1.2.1.1 NetBIOS ........................................................................................................................61.2.1.2 NetBEUI .......................................................................................................................6

1.2.2 Giao thc c kh nng tm ng .......................................................................................71.2.2.1 IPX/SPX ........................................................................................................................71.2.2.2 TCP/IP ...........................................................................................................................8

1.2.3 Giao thc nh tuyn ............................................................................................................81.2.3.1 RIP .................................................................................................................................81.2.3.2 IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol) ..................................................................................91.2.3.3 EGP ..............................................................................................................................9

1.3 Cc dch v h tng trn mng Internet ...................................................................................101.3.1 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ...............................................................101.3.2 DNS( Domain name system) ...........................................................................................10

1.4 Mt s chun mng WAN ........................................................................................................111.4.1 ISDN (Intergrated Services Digital Network)\ .................................................................111.4.2 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) .............................................................................121.4.3 SONET(Synchronous Optical Network) .........................................................................131.4.4 xDSL ..................................................................................................................................13

CHNG II ........................................................................................................................................15CNG NGH ADSL V ADSL 2+ .............................................................................................15

2.1 Cng ngh ADSL .....................................................................................................................152.1.1 nh ngha ..........................................................................................................................152.1.2 ng dng ca ADSL ........................................................................................................162.1.3 C ch hot ng .............................................................................................................172.1.4 u im ca ADSL ..........................................................................................................182.1.5 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL ................................................................................................192.1.6 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL v pha ISP ............................................................................20

2.1.6.1 .ISP l g? ...................................................................................................................202.1.6.2 DSLAM l g? ...........................................................................................................202.1.6.3. BAS l g? ................................................................................................................21

2.1.7 Cu trc ca ADSL ..........................................................................................................222.1.7.1 Vai tr ca ATM ........................................................................................................222.1.7.2. Vai tr ca PPP ........................................................................................................23

2.1.8. ADSL trong thc t .........................................................................................................232.1.8.1. Cc loi modem ADSL thng minh v th ng .....................................................232.1.8.2. Mi tng quan gia thoi v ADSL .......................................................................242.1.8.3. Thoi v ADSL chung sng ra sao? ..........................................................................25

Trang 1


2/60


2.2 Cng ngh ADSL 2+ ...............................................................................................................262.2.1 nh ngha ........................................................................................................................262.2.2 Cc c tnh k thut ca ADSL 2+ ................................................................................272.2.3 So snh gia ADSL v ADSL 2+ ....................................................................................302.2.4 M hnh nh cung cp dch v ADSL 2+ ..........................................................................30

2.3 Gii thiu mt s Router c tch hp cng ngh ADSL v ADSL 2+ ...................................322.3.1 ADSL 2/2+ Router ADE-4400 ........................................................................................322.3.2 Vigor2800VG ...................................................................................................................332.3.3 Dlink ADSL router - 1 RJ45 port + 1USB port - (DSL 522T) .......................................332.3.4 Draytek V2820 .................................................................................................................34

CHNG III .......................................................................................................................................37TRIN KHAI NG DUNG CNG NGH ADSL CHO DICH V INTERNET ...........................37

3.1 Cc th tc v thng tin khi ng k dch v ADSL ...............................................................373.1.1 Th tc ng k thng tin khi ng k dch v ADSL ca Viettel ...................................373.1.2 Th tc bin ng dch v v thay i thng tin trn Hp ng.....................................38

3.2 Thit k m phng phng Internet ............................................................................................393.3 Ci t router ...........................................................................................................................40

3.3.1 Ci WAN ..........................................................................................................................403.3.2 Cu hnh security ...............................................................................................................44

3.3.2.1 Thit lp c bn ...........................................................................................................443.3.3 M port router(NAT) ..........................................................................................................48

3.3.3.1 Cu hnh NAT ............................................................................................................483.3.3.2 Cu hnh DMZ ...........................................................................................................493.3.3.3 Cu hnh Open port ....................................................................................................50

3.3.4 Ci t Client s dng Router truy cp Internet ...............................................................52KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN ..........................................................................................54

Sinh vin thc hin ....................................................................................................................55L Hu Nguyn Hip .......................................................................................................................55

TI LIU THAM KHO ...................................................................................................................56

Trang 2


3/60


LI M U

Trong giai on cng nghip ho - hin i ho, nhu cu tm kim v trao i thng

tin lm cho mng Internet ra i. Cc c quan, t chc u nhn thc c tnh u vit

ca x l thng tin qua mng. Kt ni mng khng th thiu cho cc hot ng x hi ni

chung v cng ngh thng tin ni ring.

Mng my tnh c sinh t nhu cu mun chia s v dng chung d liu. My tnh

c nhn l cng c tuyt vi gip to d liu, bng tnh, hnh nh, v nhiu dng thng tin

khc, nhng khng cho php chia s d liu bn to nn. Nu khng c h thng mng,

d liu phi c in ra giy th ngi khc mi c th hiu chnh v s dng c hoc chc th sao chp ln a v mang n chp vo my ngi khc. Nu ngi khc thc hin

thay i th khng th hp nht cc thay i . Phng thc lm vic nh vy c gi

l lm vic c lp. Nu ngi lm vic mi trng c lp ni my tnh ca mnh vi

my tnh ca nhiu ngi khc, th ta c th s dng trn cc my tnh khc v c my in.

Mng my tnh c cc t chc s dng ch yu chia s, dng chung ti nguyn v cho

php giao tip trc tuyn bao gm gi v nhn thng ip hay th in t, giao dich bun

bn trn mng, tm kim thng tin trn mng , game.... Nh qun l c th s dng ccchng trnh tin ch giao tip, truyn thng nhanh chng v hiu qu vi rt nhiu

ngi, cng nh t chc sp xp ton cng ty d dng. Chnh v nhng vai tr rt quan

trng ca mng my tnh vi nhu cu ca cuc sng con ngi, bng nhng kin thc

c hc trng em chn ti Tm hiu cng ngh ADSL v ng dng ADSL

trong thc tin. Nhng do thi gian v kin thc c hn nn bi lm cn hn ch, rt

mong c s gp ca cc thy c gio.

Trong thi gian thc hin n em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c khoa CNTTH Duy Tn v c bit l thyon Vn Thng tn tnh gip v to iu kin

em hon thnh n ny.

Trang 3


4/60


CHNG I

TNG QUAN V MNG MY TNH

1.1 M hnh mng

1.1.1 M hnh mng ngang hng (Peer to Peer)

Mng ngang hng (p2p) l mng m trong hai hay nhiu my tnh chia s tp tin

v truy cp cc thit b nh my in m khng cn n my ch hay phn mm my ch.

Hay dng n gin nht, mng p2p c to ra bi hai hay nhiu my tnh c kt ni

vi nhau v chia s ti nguyn m khng phi thng qua mt my ch dnh ring.

Hnh: M hnh mng ngang hng

Mng p2p c th l kt ni ti ch hai my tnh ni vi nhau qua cng USB

truyn tp tin. P2p cng c th l c s h tng thng trc kt ni 5, 6 my tnh vi nhau

trong mt vn phng nh bng cp ng. Hay n cng c th l mt mng c quy m ln

hn nhiu, dng cc giao thc v ng dng c bit thit lp nhng mi quan h trc

tip gia ngi dng trn internet.

ng dng ban u ca mng p2p l s tip ni ca vic trin khai cc my tnh c

nhn c lp vo u nhng nm 1980. Khc vi my tnh ln (c mini) ngy y c vai tr

my tnh x l v lu tr trung tm phc v cc tc v x l vn bn v nhng ng dng

Trang 4


5/60


khc cho cc thit b u cui (terminal), PC i mi lc c ring a cng v CPU. N

cn c sn cc ng dng, ngha l n c th trin khai trn bn lm vic v thc s hu

dng m khng cn phi ni n my tnh ln.

1.1.2 M hnh mng khch ch (Client/Server)

L mng cc b gm nhiu my tnh c chc nng l my Khch (client) tc ngi

khai thc, s dng dch v trong mng v mt (hoc nhiu) my tnh c chc nng l my

Dch v (server) tc ngi cung cp cc dch v, ti nguyn trong mng.

Hnh: M hnh cliet/Server

Cc my Dch v (server) s c nhiu loi: File Server, Print Server, Database

Server, E-mail Server, Web Server, Communications Server... mi loi my Dch v

chuyn cung cp mt loi dch v (service) hoc ti nguyn (resource) dng chung cho ton

b hoc mt phn ca mng. V d: Trong mt mng cc b, my tnh ci h iu hnh

mng Novell Netware (v d: Novell Netware Server 5.1) c s dng lm chc nng mt

my cung cp dch v lu tr-trao i-truy cp cc tp tin d liu (files) trong mng cho

cc my tnh "khch" bnh thng khc nn c gi l my Dch v tp tin (File Server)

trong mng.

Trang 5


6/60


Cc my Khch (Client) c ci t h iu hnh my trm (v d: DOS,

Windows 9X, Windows Me, Windows 2000...) v Chng trnh phn mm my Khch

(Client software) kt ni vo cc my Dch v truy cp - s dng dch v v/hoc ti

nguyn dng chung trn mng1.2 Giao thc mng

1.2.1 Giao thc khng c kh nng tm ng

1.2.1.1 NetBIOS

NetBIOS (Network BIOS): L giao thc trong cc mng s dng HH giao din

DOS v Windows ca hng Microsoft trc y.

NetBIOS thng c "dng kt hp vi" NetBeui (NetBIOS Extended User

Interface) v n cung cp giao din lp trnh (programming interface) cho ccng dng nm lp Phin lm vic (Session layer - lp th 5 trong m hnh

mng OSI 7 lp).

Ngoi vic kt hp vi Netbeui l giao thc khng h tr nh tuyn (not a

routable protocol), NetBIOS cn c th c "ng gi" theo cc tiu chun

truyn ca cc b giao thc TCP/IP v SPX/IPX - l cc b giao thc h tr

nh tuyn (routable protocol)

Cc my tnh trong mng s dng NetBIOS thng s dng mt ch danh -tn gi duy nht - l Computer Name di 15 k t. Thng thng, my tnh

s t ng "tung thng tin" (broadcast) tn ca "mnh" trong mng theo mt

khong thi gian nh k.

1.2.1.2 NetBEUI

NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface):L giao thc nm lp Vn

chuyn (Transport layer) trong m hnh OSI. NetBEUI c cng ngun gc vi NetBIOS:

chng cng thuc mt b giao thc mng chun sau ny c "tch ra".

NetBIOS c th c "vn chuyn" thng qua NetBEUI, TCP/IP hoc

SPX/IPX.

Trang 6


7/60


Do NetBEUI l "mt phn" ca NetBIOS v chng l cc giao thc ca tt c

cc h iu hnh Windows nn khi nim Mng NetBEUI (mng s dng

NetBEUI), Mng NetBIOS hoc Mng Windows thng c hiu l "ng

ngha".

1.2.2 Giao thc c kh nng tm ng

1.2.2.1 IPX/SPX

IPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange): L giao thc thuc lp mng (network

layer) trong m hnh mng 7 lp OSI. IPX l giao thc chnh c s dng trong h iu

hnh mng Netware ca hng Novell. N tng t nh giao thc IP (Internet Protocol)

trong TCP/IP. IPX cha a ch mng (netword Address) v cho php cc gi thng tin

c chuyn qua cc mng hoc phn mng (subnet) khc nhau.

IPX khng bo m vic chuyn giao mt thng ip hoc gi thng tin

hon chnh, cng nh IP, cc gi tin c "ng gi" theo giao thc IPX c

th b "nh ri" (dropped) bi cc Router ("thit b dn ng" trong mng)

khi mng b nghn mch.

Do vy, cc ng dng c nhu cu truyn tin "bo m" (ging nh "gi th

bo m" ) th phi s dng giao thc SPX thay v IPX

SPX (Sequenced Packet Exchange):L mt giao thc mng thuc lp vn chuyn

(transport layer network protocol) trong m hnh mng OSI gm 7 lp. Cng nh IPX, SPX

l giao thc "rut" (native protocol) ca cc h iu mng Netware ca hng Novell.

Tng t nh giao thc TCP trong b TCP/IP, SPX l giao thc m bo

ton b thng ip truyn i t mt my tnh trong mng n mt my tnh

khc mt cch chnh xc.

SPX s dng giao thc IPX ca Netware nh l c ch vn chuyn (TCP s

dng IP). Cc chng trnh ng dng s dng SPX cung cp cc tng

tc Khch/Ch v im-ti-im (client/server and peer-to-peer interaction)

gia cc nt mng (network node: l mt "trm lm vic" trong mng).

Trang 7


8/60


Tng t nh TCP v IP hp thnh b giao thc TCP/IP l giao thc chun

trong cc mng HH mng ca Microsoft (Windows 95, 97, 98... Windows

NT 4.0, 2000, XP...) SPX v IPX hp thnh b giao thc IPX/SPX l giao

thc chun trong cc mng s dng HH mng ca Novell.1.2.2.2 TCP/IP

B giao thc TCP/IP, ngn gn l TCP/IP (ting Anh: Internet protocol suite hoc IP

suite hoc TCP/IP protocol suite - b giao thc lin mng), l mt b cc giao thc truyn

thng ci t chng giao thc m Internet v hu ht cc mng my tnh thng mi ang

chy trn .

B giao thc ny c t tn theo hai giao thc chnh ca n l TCP (Giao thc

iu khin Giao vn) v IP (Giao thc Lin mng). Chng cng l hai giao thc u tinc nh ngha.

Nh nhiu b giao thc khc, b giao thc TCP/IP c th c coi l mt tp hp

cc tng, mi tng gii quyt mt tp cc vn c lin quan n vic truyn d liu, v

cung cp cho cc giao thc tng cp trn mt dch v c nh ngha r rng da trn vic

s dng cc dch v ca cc tng thp hn. V mt lgic, cc tng trn gn vi ngi dng

hn v lm vic vi d liu tru tng hn, chng da vo cc giao thc tng cp di

bin i d liu thnh cc dng m cui cng c th c truyn i mt cch vt l.M hnh OSI miu t mt tp c nh gm 7 tng m mt s nh sn xut la chn

v n c th c so snh tng i vi b giao thc TCP/IP. S so snh ny c th gy

nhm ln hoc mang li s hiu bit su hn v b giao thc TCP/IP.

1.2.3 Giao thc nh tuyn

1.2.3.1 RIP

Routing Information Protocol (RIP): l giao thc nh tuyn vector khong cch

(Distance Vector Protocol) xut hin sm nht. N sut hin vo nm 1970 bi Xerox nh

l mt phn ca b giao thc Xerox Networking Services (XNS). Mt iu k l l RIP

c chp nhn rng ri trc khi c mt chun chnh thc c xut bn. Mi n nm

Trang 8


9/60


1988 RIP mi c chnh thc ban b trong RFC1058 bi Charles Hedrick. RIP c s

dng rng ri do tnh cht n gin v tin dng ca n.

RIP l giao thc nh tuyn vector khong cch in hnh, l n u n gi ton b

routing table ra tt c cc active interface u n theo chu k l 30 giy.RIP ch s dng metric l hop count tnh ra tuyn ng tt nht ti remote

network. Thut ton m RIP s dng xy dng nn routing table l Bellman-Ford.

1.2.3.2 IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)

Trc nhng nhc im vn c ca RIP nh: metric l hop count, kch thc mng

ti a l 15 hop. Cisco pht trin mt giao thc c quyn ca ring mnh l IGRP

khc phc nhng nhc im .IGRP khng s dng hop count trong metric ca mnh, tuy nhin n vn theo di

c hop count. Mt mng ci t IGRP th kch thc mng c th nn ti 255 hop.

1.2.3.3 EGP

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) l mt giao thc nh tuyn bn ngoi dng

trao i thng tin vi cc nh tuyn cng trong cc h thng khc.

EGP cp nht cha cc s liu, c gi l khong cch khong 0-255. Gated sch so snh EGP khong cch hc c t cng mt AS.

EGP chu trch nhim v thng tin lin lc ca reachability mng gia cc router ,

trong c th hoc c th khng c trong cc h thng khc nhau t tr. Mi router EGP

duy tr mt c s d liu ca n mng li thng tin lin quan n nhng g c th tip

cn . N s gi thng tin ny ra mt cch thng xuyn cho tng router m n c kt ni

trc tip. Router nhn c cc th ny v cp nht bng nh tuyn ca h, v sau s

dng thng tin mi cp nht cc router khc.

Trang 9


10/60


1.3 Cc dch v h tng trn mng Internet

1.3.1 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

DHCP l vit tt ca Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Giao thc Cu hnh

Host ng DHCP c thit k lm gim thi gian chnh cu hnh cho mng TCP/IP bngcch t ng gn cc a ch IP cho khch hng khi h vo mng.

DHCP tp trung vic qun l a ch IP cc my tnh trung tm chy chng trnh

DHCP. Mc d c th gn a ch IP vnh vin cho bt c my tnh no trn mng, DHCP

cho php gn t ng. khch c th nhn a ch IP t my ch DHCP, bn khai bo

cu hnh khch nhn a ch t ng t mt my ch. Ty chn ny xut hin trong

vng khai bo cu hnh TCP/IP ca a s h iu hnh. Mt khi ty chn ny c thit

lp, khch c th thu mt a ch IP t my ch DHCP bt c lc no. Phi c t nhtmt my ch DHCP trn mng. Sau khi ci t DHCP, bn to mt phm vi DHCP (scope),

l vng cha cc a ch IP trn my ch, v my ch cung cp a ch IP trong vng ny

DHCP l mt thun li rt ln i vi ngi iu hnh mng. N lm yn tm v

cc vn c hu pht sinh khi phi khai bo cu hnh th cng.

DHCP t ng qun l cc a ch IP v loi b c cc li c th lm mt lin lc.

N t ng gn li cc a ch cha c s dng. DHCP cho thu a ch trong mt

khong thi gian, c ngha l nhng a ch ny s cn dng c cho cc h thng khc.Bn him khi b ht a ch. DHCP t ng gn a ch IP thch hp vi mng con cha

my trm ny. Cng vy, DHCP t ng gn a ch cho ngi dng di ng ti mng con

h kt ni.

1.3.2 DNS(Domain name system)DNS l t vit tt trong ting Anh ca Domain Name System, l H thng phn gii

tn c pht minh vo nm 1984 cho Internet, ch mt h thng cho php thit lp tng

ng gia a ch IP v tn min.

Dch v DNS hot ng theo m hnh Client-Server: phn Server gi l my ch

phc v tn hay cn gi l Name Server, cn phn Client l trnh phn gii tn -

Resolver. Name Server cha cc thng tin CSDL ca DNS, cn Resolver n gin ch

Trang 10


11/60


l cc hm th vin dng to cc truy vn (query) v gi chng qua n Name

Server. DNS c thi hnh nh mt giao thc tng Application trong mng TCP/IP.

DNS l 1 CSDL phn tn. iu ny cho php ngi qun tr cc b qun l

phn d liu ni b thuc phm vi ca h, ng thi d liu ny cng d dng truy cpc trn ton b h thng mng theo m hnh Client-Server. Hiu sut s dng dch

v c tng cng thng qua c ch nhn bn (replication) v lu tm (caching).

Mt hostname trong domain l s kt hp gia nhng t phn cch nhau bi du

chm(.).

1.4 Mt s chun mng WAN

1.4.1 ISDN (Intergrated Services Digital Network)\

Mt trong nhng mc ch ca ISDN l cung cp kh nng truy nhp mng WAN

cho cc h gia nh v doanh nghip s dng ng cp ng in thoi. V l do , cc

k hoch trin khai ISDN u tin xut thay th cc ng dy tng t ang c

bng ng dy s. Hin nay, vic chuyn i t tng t sang s ang din ra mnh m

trn th gii. ISDN ci thin hiu nng vn hnh so vi phng php truy hp mng WAN

qua ng quay s v c chi ph thp hn so vi Frame Relay.

Trang 11


12/60


Hnh 1.13: ISDN

ISDN nh ra cc tiu chun cho vic s dng ng dy in thoi tng t cho c

vic truyn d liu s cng nh truyn d liu tngt. Cc c im ca ISDN l:- Cho php pht qung b nhiu kiu d liu(thoi, video, ha..)

- Tc truyn d liu v tc kt ni cao hn so vi kt ni quay s truyn

thng.

1.4.2 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

c trng c bn ca cng ngh ATM :

-ATM l cng ngh truyn dn khng ng b, hng kt ni. Vic trao i s liuc thc hin da trn cc knh truyn dn o, phn bit bi cc nh danh, xc

nh.

- Ngi s dng c cung cp di thng cn thit theo yu cu, khng ph thuc

vo h thng truyn dn vt l c th (bandwidth salabitlity).

- Do xc xut li ca h thng truyn dn thp nn c th b cc bin php pht hin

v khc phc li khi trao i s liu gia hai h thng k nhau v gim cc s liuiu khin chng li mc mng (fast packet switching). Cc giao thc mc cao

c trch nhim m bo trao i s liu chnh xc gia hai thc th cui (end- to-

end control).

- Thi gian x l mt n v s liu hay cn gi l mt t bo ATM bi h thng

chuyn mch nh v xc nh. Mt t bo ATM c 53 byte, trong c 5 byte tiu

(s liu iu khin).

- m bo cht lng dch v theo yu cu ca ngi s dng (Quality of Service).

- Frame relay, SMDS-Swithed Multimegabit Data Service, X.25 l cc v d ca cng

ngh chuyn mch gi.

Trang 12


13/60


1.4.3 SONET(Synchronous Optical Network)

SONET l mt chun ca American National Standards Institute truyn d liu

ng b trn mi trng truyn l cp si quang.

Tng ng vi SONET v mt quc t l SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy).Cng nhau, chng m bo cc chun sao cho cc mng s c th ni vi nhau trn

bnh din quc t v cc h thng truyn quy c ang tn ti c th nm ly li th ca

mi trng cp si quang.

SONET cung cp cc chun cho mt s lng ln cc tc truyn cho n 9.953

Gbit/s (tc truyn thc t khong 20 Gbit/s).

nh ngha mt tc c s l 51.84 Mbit/s v mt tc c s c bit di tn

Ocx (Optical Carrier levels). Trong OC- 192 l mt tc ca SONET ni lin vimt tc ti (payload rate) bng 9.584640 Gbit/s, ch yu c s dng trong cc mi

trng WAN.

1.4.4 xDSL

K thut xDSL l k thut truyn dn dy cp ng, n gii quyt nhng vn tc

nghn gia nhng nh cung cp cc dch v mng v nhng khch hng s dng dch v

mng .K thut xDSL t c nhng tc bng tn rng trn mi trng mng ph bin

nht trn th gii l ng dy cp in thoi thng thng.

c im ca k thut xDSL

- Tc truyn d liu thay i tu theo tng phin bn ca cng ngh xDSL v

di ca mch vng thu bao.

i vi ADSL, chun ADSL ca ITU-T xc nh tc hng truyn xungl 6.1 Mbit/s v 640 Kbit/s hng ln.

Trong thc t tc ti a 6.1 Mbit/s ch c th t c nu khong cch

di 2,7 Km v gim ti 1,5 Mbit/s hoc thp hn na khong cch 4,5

Km.

Trang 13


14/60


Phin bn c tc cao nht l VDSL, h tr ti a ng xung l 55

Mbit/s khong cch 300 m v 13 Mbit/s nu khong cch l 1,4 Km. Tc

hng ln nm trong khong 1,6 2,3 Mbit/s.

- Mi ngi s dng c mt ng ring kt ni vi DSLAM t ti tng i hoc

RT (trm thit b tp trung thu bao).

Trang 14


15/60


CHNG II

CNG NGH ADSL V ADSL 2+

2.1 Cng ngh ADSL

2.1.1 nh nghia

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) - l ng thu bao s khng i

xng, k thut truyn c s dng trn ng dy t modem ca thu bao ti Nh cung

cp dch v.

Hiu mt cch n gin nht, ADSL l s thay th vi tc cao cho thit b

modem hoc ISDN gip truy nhp Internet vi tc cao v nhanh hn. Cc biu

sau ch ra cc tc cao nht c th t c gia cc dch v cung cp.

Asymmetric: Tc truyn khng ging nhau hai chiu. Tc ca chiu

xung (t mng ti thu bao) c th nhanh gp hn 10 ln so vi tc ca

chiu ln (t thu bao ti mng). iu ny ph hp mt cch tuyt vi cho

vic khai thc dch v Internet khi m ch cn nhn chut (tng ng vi lu

lng nh thng tin m thu bao gi i ) l c th nhn c mt lu lng

ln d liu ti v t Internet.

Digital: Cc modem ADSL hot ng mc bit (0 v 1) v dng chuyn

thng tin s ho gia cc thit b s nh cc my tnh PC. Chnh kha cnh

ny th ADSL khng c g khc vi cc Modem thng thng.

Subscriber Line: ADSL t n ch hot ng trn ng dy thu bao bnh

thng ni ti tng i ni ht. ng dy thu bao ny vn c th c tip

tc s dng cho cc cuc gi i hoc nghe in thoi cng mt thi im

Trang 15


16/60


thng qua thit b gi l splitters c chc nng tch thoi v d liu trn

ng dy.

Mch ADSL to nn 3 knh thng tin trn i dy thu bao:

Mt knh tc cao t tng i ti thu bao.

Mt knh tc trung bnh 2 chiu (ph thuc vo cu trc ca

ADSL).

Mt knh thoi hoc mt knh N-ISDN.

Tc n v m ADSL c th cung cp l 1,5 hoc 2 Mbit/s trn mt knh

t tng i n thu bao v 16 Kbit/s trn mt knh hai hng. Modem

ADSL tng thch vi truyn dn ATM, giao thc IP, bng vic thay i tc

truyn v ph hp vi cc u ca ATM cng nh IP. Bng 2-2 a ra

khong cch ti a cho php m vn m bo cht lng truyn dn mt s

tc nht nh.

2.1.2 ng dng ca ADSL

ADSL xc lp cch thc d liu c truyn gia thu bao (nh ring hoc cng s)

v tng i thoi ni ht trn chnh ng dy in thoi bnh thng. Chng ta vn

thng gi ng dy ny l local loop.

Trang 16


17/60


Thc cht ca ng dng ADSL khng phi vic truyn d liu i, n tng i

in thoi ni ht m l to kh nng truy nhp Internet vi tc cao. Nh vy, vn

nm vic xc lp kt ni d liu ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet.

Mc d chng ta cho rng ADSL c s dng truyn d liu bng cc giao thcInternet, nhng trn thc t vic thc hin iu nh th no li khng phi l c trng

k thut ca ADSL.

Hin nay, phn ln ngi ta ng dng ADSL cho truy nhp Internet tc cao v s

dng cc dch v trn Internet mt cch nhanh hn.

2.1.3 C ch hot ng

ADSL tm cch khai thc phn bng thng tng t cn cha c s dng trnng dy ni t thu bao ti tng i ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k truyn ti

ni ht. ng dy ny c thit k truyn ti di ph tn s (frequency spectrum)

chim bi cuc thoi bnh thng. Tuy nhin, n cng c th truyn ti cc tn s cao hn

di ph tng i hn ch dnh cho thoi. l di ph m ADSL s dng.

Thoi c bn s dng di tn s t 300 Hz ti 3,400 Hz.

By gi chng ta s xem xt, thoi v d liu ADSL chia x cng mt ng dythu bao ra sao. Trn thc t, cc splitter c s dng m bo d liu v thoi khng

xm phm ln nhau trn ng truyn.

Cc tn s m mch vng c th truyn ti, hay ni cch khc l khi lng d liu

c th truyn ti, s ph thuc vo cc nhn t sau:

Trang 17


18/60


Khong cch t tng i ni ht.

Kiu v dy ng dy.

Kiu v s lng cc mi ni trn ng dy.

Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti ADSL, ISDN v cc tn hiu thoi

khc.

Mt cc ng dy chuyn ti tn hiu radio.

2.1.4 u im ca ADSL

1. PSTN v ISDN l cc cng ngh quay s (dial-up)

ADSL l lin tc/ always-on tc kt ni trc tip.

2. PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta s dng fax, d liu, thoi, d liu ti

Internet, d liu ti cc thit b khc.

ADSL ch truyn ti d liu ti Internet.

3. PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta tu chn ISP no m ta mun kt ni

ADSL kt ni chng ta ti mt ISP nh trc.

4. ISDN chy tc c s 64kbps hoc 128kbps.

ADSL c th ti d liu v vi tc ti 8 Mbps.

5. PSTN ngt truy nhp ti Internet khi chng ta thc hin cuc gi.

ADSL cho php va s dng Internet trong khi vn c th thc

hin cuc gi ng thi.

6. Kt ni Internet qua ng PSTN v ISDN bng phng thc quay s c

tnh cc ni ht.

Trang 18


19/60


ADSL khng tnh cc ni ht.

Ghi ch:

Mc d modem ADSL lun ch kt ni thng trc, nhng vn c th

cn phi thc hin lnh kt ni Internet trn my PC.

Cc dch v nh fax v thoi c th c thc hin cng trn kt ni d liu

ADSL ti internet.

Trn thc t, tc download tiu biu i vi dch v ADSL gia nh

thng t ti (up to) 400 kbps.

Dng bao nhiu, tr by nhiu. Cu trc cc theo lu lng s dng (hoc

theo thi gian s dng)

Khng hn ch s ngi s dng khi chia s kt ni Internet trong mng ni

b.

2.1.5 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL

Trong phn ny chng ta s ln lt m t chc nng ca tng thnh phn caADSL, bt u t Modem ADSL ti Nh cung cp dch v Internet.

Chng ta cng xem xt pha ISP lc ra nhng thnh phn c bn m h

s dng cung cp dich v ADSL.

Trang 19


20/60


2.1.6 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL v pha ISP

2.1.6.1 .ISP l g?

ISP (Internet Service Provider): nh cung cp dch v Internet (WWW, email, ftp,

telnet...). Vit Nam hin nay c cc nh cung cp dch v Internet nh: VDC, FPT,NetNam...

By gi chng ta s tm hiu xem cc ISP thc hin cung cp ADSL nh th no.

Phm vi Nh cung cp dch v gm c ba thnh phn quan trng :

DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer

BAS - Broadband Access Server

ISP - Internet Service Provider

Mt thit b DSLAM c th tp hp nhiu kt ni thu bao ADSL - c th nhiu ti

hng trm thu bao - v t li trn mt kt ni cp quang. Si cp quang ny thng c

ni ti thit b gi l BAS - Broadband Access Server, nhng n cng c th khng ni trc

tip ti BAS v BAS c th c t ti bt c u.

2.1.6.2 DSLAM l g?

DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) - B dn knh truy nhp

ng thu bao s - l mt thit b u cui DSL c t ti a im ca nh cung cp

Trang 20


21/60


dch v mng. DSLAM tp trung lung d liu t cc mch vng DSL v t hp thnh tc

cao hn nh tc T1, E1 hoc tc ATM ca OC-3 (155 Mbps)....ri a ti

Internet hay mng d liu.

Mt thit b DSLAM c th tp hp nhiu kt ni ADSL- c th nhiu ti hng trmthu bao - v t li trn mt kt ni cp quang. Si cp quang ny thng c ni ti thit

b gi l BAS - Broadband Access Server, nhng n cng c th khng ni trc tip ti

BAS v BAS c th c ci t bt c u.

DSLAM l thit b t pha tng i, l im cui ca kt ni ADSL. N cha v

s cc modem ADSL b tr v mt pha hng ti cc mch vng v pha kia l kt ni cp

quang.

2.1.6.3. BAS l g?

BAS (Broadband Access Server) l thit b t gia DSLAM v POP ca ISP. Mtthit b BAS c th phc v cho nhiu DSLAM.

Cc giao thc truyn thng c ng gi truyn d liu thng qua kt ni

ADSL, v vy mc ch ca BAS l m gi hon tr li cc giao thc trc khi i

vo Internet. N cng m bo cho kt ni ca bn ti ISP c chnh xc ging nh khi

bn s dng modem quay s hoc ISDN.

Nh ch gii trn, ADSL khng ch r cc giao thc c s dng to thnh

kt ni ti Internet. Phng php m PC v Modem s dng bt buc phi ging nh BAS

s dng cho kt ni thc hin c.

Thng thng ADSL s dng hai giao thc chnh l:

PPoE- PPP over Ethernet Protocol

Trang 21


22/60


PPoA- Point to Point Protocol over ATM

2.1.7 Cu trc ca ADSL

Khi quay s PSTN/ISDN truy nhp Internet, chng ta s dng giao thc gi l

PPP vn chuyn d liu TCP/IP v kim tra cng nh xc thc tn v mt khu ngi

truy nhp.

Trong ADSL, PPP cng thng c s dng kim tra tn v mt khu truy nhp

v ATM th lun c s dng mc thp nht. Kt ni in hnh nh di y:

2.1.7.1 Vai tr ca ATM

ATM- Asynchrononus Transfer Mode- c s dng nh l cng c chuyn ticho ADSL mc thp. L do v l cch thun tin v mm do i vi cc cng ty thoi

mun ko di khong cch kt ni t DSLAM ti BAS gip h c th t BAS bt c

u trn mng.

Cc tham s thit lp cu hnh ATM

Trang 22


23/60


C hai tham s cn phi thit lp cu hnh mt cch chnh xc trn Modem ADSL

m bo kt ni thnh cng ti mc ATM vi DSLAM:

VPI - the Virtual Path Identifier

VCI - the Virtual Channel Identifier

2.1.7.2. Vai tr ca PPP

PPP l giao thc dng vn chuyn lu lng Internet ti cc ISP dc theo cc kt

ni Modem v ISDN. PPP kt hp cht ch cc yu t xc thc kim tra tn ,mt khu - v

l l do chnh m ngi ta dng PPP vi ADSL.

Mc d BAS thc thi giao thc PPP v tin hnh vic xc thc, nhng thc ra vic

c thc hin bng cch truy nhp vo cc c s d liu khch hng t ti ISP. Bngcch , ISP bit c rng cc kt ni do BAS nh chuyn ti c xc thc thng

qua giao dch vi c s d liu ring ca ISP.

2.1.8. ADSL trong thc t

2.1.8.1. Cc loi modem ADSL thng minh v th ng

Modem ADSL thng minh bn thn n tch hp sn cc giao thc truyn thng

cn thit (nh thit b modem ADSL Router hoc modem c s dng kt ni qua cng

Card Ethernet 10/100 Mb) nn ch vic la chn v khai bo VPI/VCI cho modem.

Trang 23


24/60


Cn modem ADSL th ng th phi hot ng da trn h iu hnh ca my tnh

cung cp cc giao thc cn thit. Cc li modem ny bt buc phi ci t phn mm

iu khin modem v thit lp cc giao thc PPP, VPI/VCI. Vic cu hnh nh vy phc

tp v i hi thi gian nhiu hn.

Ch c Windows 98SE, Windows Me, v Windows 2000/XP l c ci sn c chthc thi ATM, v th ngi ta t s dng cc modem th ng trn thc t. Mc d cc

modem thng minh c h tr cc giao thc cn thit nhng chng vn c th c dng

cho cc h iu hnh ni trn.

Cc modem th ng c th ni vi PC thng qua giao din USB, hoc c th c

sn xut di dng PCI card cm thng trn bng mch ch ca PC.

Lu l vic khai thc giao thc ATM khng c ngha l cn phi c card mng

ATM cho PC - ch l c ch h tr bng phn mm trong h iu hnh.

2.1.8.2. Mi tng quan gia thoi v ADSL

ADSL cho php cng lc va truy nhp Internet tc cao li va c th thc hin

cuc gi cng trn ng dy .

Thit b chuyn dng Splitters c s dng tch ring cc tn s cao dng cho

ADSL v cc tn s thp dng cho thoi. Nh vy, ngi ta thng t cc Splitters ti mi

u ca ng dy - pha thu bao v pha DSLAM.

Trang 24


25/60


2.1.8.3. Thoi v ADSL chung sng ra sao?

Ti pha thu bao, cc tn s thp c chuyn n my in thoi cn cc tn s

cao i n modem ADSL. Ti cc tng i, cc tn s thp c chuyn sang mng thoi

PSTN cn cc tn s cao i n ISP.

Tc ca kt ni gia modem ADSL v DSLAM ph thuc vo khong cch

ng truyn v tc ti a c cu hnh sn trn cng ca DSLAM. Cn tc kt ni

vo Internet li cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na nh di y:

S ngi dng kt ni vo cng mt DSLAM v thc t c bao nhiu ngi

dng ang khai thc kt ni.

Tc kt ni gia DSLAM v BAS

Bao nhiu card DSLAM cng ni vo mt BAS v bao nhiu ngi dng

ang khai thc thc t kt ni.

Trang 25


26/60


Tc kt ni gia BAS kt ni vo ISP v bao nhiu ngi dng thc t

ang khai thc.

Tc ca kt ni t ISP ti mng Internet ton cu.

Bao nhiu thu bao ca ISP ang khai thc (qua cc giao tip khc nhau nh

quay s PSTN/ ISDN v ADSL).

ISP t chc caching v proxy ra sao, liu thng tin m bn cn khai thc

c lu tr trn Cache cha hay phi ti v t Internet.

2.2 Cng ngh ADSL 2+

2.2.1 nh nghiaADSL 2+ (cn c bit n vi tn chun ITU G.992.5) l chun cng ngh mi

pht trin t chun ADSL v ADSL2:

ADSL 2+ tng gp i tn s ti a ca qu trnh truyn d liu chiu ti

xung, t 1,1MHz ln 2,2MHz. Tc truyn ti xung c kh nng t ti ti

a 24Mbps qua ng truyn thoi.

ADSL 2+ cung cp mt la chn cho vic m rng thng lng ng

truyn ln (upstream) gp i t my tnh.

ADSL 2+ vn s dng i cp ng truyn thoi sn c, cc nh cung cp

dch v hon ton khng phi u t thm c s h tng ng truyn mi m

vn c kh nng cung cp dch v vi bng thng ln hn nhiu so vi chun

ADSL ( tc ng xung ti a 8Mbps, tc ng ln 640kbps). Do

ADSL 2+ hon ton tng thch vi ADSL, vi chipset ADSL2+ cho php cc

nh cung cp dch v pht trin cc dch v tin tin nh video, hi ngh ... trn

cng mt h tng truyn dn pha khch hng. iu ny gip cc nh cung cp

dch v m bo khng b lng ph vn u t.

Trang 26


27/60


2.2.2 Cc c tnh ky thut ca ADSL 2+

Bng thng rng hn: Khc vi hai chun ca ADSL trc , ch t ti di tn

s l 1,1 MHz v 552 KHz. ADSL 2+ t ti di tn s cho ng xung ti 2,2 MHz.

Hnh : Bng thng ng xung (downstream) v ng ln (upstream)

Nh vic tng bng thng lung xung ln gp i nn cng ngh ADSL2+ c th

t tc truyn d liu xung ti a 24 Mbps).

Trang 27


28/60


Hnh : th so snh gia cc cng ngh ADSL

Gim xuyn nhiu trn ng truyn: ADSL 2+ c th c s dng gim

nhiu xuyn m, bng cch s dng cc tn s di 1MHz t pha tng i, v tn s gia

1,1 MHz v 2,2 MHz t pha u cui xa (Remote Terminal) n pha u cui ca khch

hng. Vic ny s xo hn tnh trng nhiu xuyn m gia cc dch v v tc trn ng

truyn t pha tng i.

Hnh:ADSL2+ c s dng gim thiu xuyn nhiu trn ng truyn

Gim tiu hao nng lng: Cc b thu pht ca cng ngh ADSL thng hot

ng trong ch full-power c ngy ln m, thm ch ngay c khi khng s dng. Nu

Trang 28


29/60


nh c c vi triu thit b modem ADSL c trin khai th con s tht thot nng lng

hn s khng nh. Nu nh modem c th hot ng trong ch stand-by/sleep ging nh

my tnh th s tit kim c in nng rt nhiu. iu ny cng tit kim nng lng cho

cc b thu pht ADSL hot ng trong cc khi u xa v t DLC m hot ng di mtyu cu tn nhit kht khe.

Trong khi , chun ADSL2 v ADSL2+ mang n hai ch tit kim in nng gip

gim cng sut tiu th trong khi vn duy tr modem ADSL trong trng thi always-on:

Hnh : So snh ch in nng ca ADSL v ADSL2/ADSL2+

L2 low-power mode: ch ny cho php tit kim in nng khi thu pht

ADSL trong tng i (ATU-C) bng cch vo v thot nhanh ra khi ch ny khi lung

thng tin Internet chy qua kt ni ADSL.

L3 low-power mode: ch ny cho php tit kim in nng c hai khi ATU-

C v ATU-R bng cch ri vo ch sleep khi khng s dng kt ni trong mt khong

thi gian nht nh.

Trang 29


30/60


2.2.3 So snh gia ADSL v ADSL 2+

Cng ngh ADSL l mt chun ph bin trong cc sn phm bng rng. Tuy nhin,

vi s tng ln nhanh chng cc nhu cu truy nhp bng rng c tc cao hn, ADSL hu

nh kh c th p ng c nh cc dch v truyn hnh trc tuyn cht lng cao, truynhnh theo yu cu, truyn hnh hi ngh, game 3D trc tuyn v.v. Chnh v vy, m ngi ta

cho ra i cng ngh ADSL mi vi tn gi l ADSL2+, cng ngh ny c th ci thin

tc d liu v t ti mt hiu nng ng k. ADSL2+ c th t tc ti a 24Mbps,

trn ng dy in thoi khong cch 1.3km.

ADSL ADSL 2+Tc ti d liu ln n 8 Mbps Tc ti d liu ln n 24 Mbps

Chiu di ti a c th t c l 5,4km Chiu di ti a c th t c l 2,7kmVn dng c ng dy in thoi c sn Tn dng c ng dy in thoi c snS dng tn s in trn ng dy: 1,1Mhz S dng tn s in trn ng dy c th

ln n 2,2Mhz

2.2.4 M hnh nh cung cp dch v ADSL 2+

Trn y l m hnh tng quan nht v mt h thng mng ca nh cung cp dch vADSL. M hnh ny cho thy v c bn tt c cc thit b, thnh phn cn thit cho mt h

thng ADSL. N bao gm cc u cui ADSL CPE, cc b ghp knh truy nhp DSL

(DSLAM), c my ch truy nhp Broadband, cc my ch RADIUS server. My ch nhn

thc, my ch billing ...

Trang 30


31/60


Hnh : Lung d liu i t khch hng n nh cung cp dch v ISP

Gii thiu v c bn cc thnh phn trong h thng cung cp dch v ADSL2+:

Splitter: thit b chia tch tn hiu in thoi v d liu. ADSL2+ dng

chung ng dy vi ng truyn thoi. Trn ng dy ny tn hiu thoi

c truyn vi tn s nh hn 4Kbps v ADSL2+ truyn d liu trn di tn

s trn. thit b c th lm vic m khng b nhiu gia hai loi tn hiu

ny cn phi c b chia tch tn hiu m v c bn l b lc tn s, lc tn s

ca tn hiu thoi v lc tn s ca tn hiu d liu.

Modem ADSL2+: thit b iu ch v gii iu ch tn hiu in trc khi

i vo trong mng hoc i vo ng truyn trn ng dy in thoi.

DSLAM: B ghp knh truy nhp DSL, thit b ny tch tn hiu thoi v

d liu trn ng dy thu bao, chuyn d liu thoi v tng i v tn hiu

d liu qua mng ISP truyn ra Internet.

BRAS: thit b terminate phin PPP t cc modem ADSL

RADIUS server: thit b nhn thc ngi dng. Thit b ny c s dng

m bo ngi dng c ti khon hp l mi s dng c dch v. Ngoi

ra n cn phc v cho vic tnh cc sau ny.

Billing server: my ch tnh cc s dng (theo dung lng kt ni). Hin

nay, cc nh cung cp dch v ca Vit Nam c hai hnh thc gi cc l tnh

cc trn gi v tnh cc theo dung lng s dng.

Nh vy cung cp c dch v ADSL2+ nh cung cp dch v vn tn

dng c s h tng truyn dn qua ng truyn thoi. Ngoi ra cn u t

DSLAM cng ngh ADSL2+ vi chi ph khng hn nhiu so vi DSLAM

Trang 31


32/60


cng ngh ADSL. Mt khc DSLAM cng ngh ADSL2+ vn h tr dch v

ADSL v c cc cng uplink IP hoc ATM. iu ny mang li cho cc ISP

s linh hot trong vic cung cp dch v ty vo nhu cu ca khch hng m

chi ph u t khng khc g so vi chi ph u t DSLAM cng ngh ADSL.

2.3 Gii thiu mt s Router c tch hp cng ngh ADSL v ADSL 2+

2.3.1 ADSL 2/2+ Router ADE-4400

Vi 4 cng kt ni Ethernet, router ADSL2+ ca Planet ADE-4400 mang n gii

php l tng cho ngi dng cui cng nh vn phng mun chia s kt ni internet tc

cao s dng cng ngh ADSL. Thit b h tr tc upload d liu ti a 3,5Mbps v

download ti a 24Mbps. ADE-4400 c th kt ni vi nh cung cp dch v s dng

PPPoA (RFC 2364 - PPP over ATM Addaption layer 5), PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516),

v RFC 1483 encapsulation over ATM (MER, bridge, router).

Giao din qun l thn thin, ADSL 2/2+ c th c qun l t cc my tnh trong

mng chy cc trnh duyt Web chun. H tr NAT, Security, Dynamic DNS, Time Zone,

Remote Management, UPnP, Static Route.

Thit b c kh nng hot ng nh mt thit b tng la bo v ngi khi tn

cng t bn ngoi internet. ADE-4400 cung cp tnh nng c bn ca mt tng la nh

NAT, theo di v lc gi tin i qua n. Thm vo , ngi qun tr c th chn truy cp

Internet ca mt s ngi dng nh trc.

Trang 32


33/60


2.3.2 Vigor2800VG

DrayTek tip tc gii thiu cho "c dn mng" sn phm Vigor2800VG tch hp 3

chc nng chnh: VoIP, VPN server, print server, Wi-Fi chun 802.11b/g, ng dng cng

ngh SuperG, tc 108Mbps... p ng cho vn phng a phng tin qui m trung bnhv ln.

Vigor 2800VG cng c y cc tnh nng "rt ring" ca hng, in hnh nhtng la tch hp kh tinh nhu vi rt nhiu chnh sch bo v cho nhu cu qun l.

Chng hn, ch lc dch v (vo/ra) vi ch Call filter v Data filter cc mnh, cho

php thit lp rt nhiu qui tc (c 12 Set, mi Set c 7 qui tc) da trn a ch IP/tm a

ch IP. Bn cnh , bn c th lc ni dung web bng t kha/a ch URL, bng dch v

SurfControl, kha cc dch v chia s qua mng ngang hng (P2P), kha cc dch v tn

gu...

2.3.3 Dlink ADSL router - 1 RJ45 port + 1USB port - (DSL 522T)

Chia s kt ni ADSL2/2+ tc cao gia cc nhm my tnh - DoS & Firewall SPI

- QoS & h tr qun l SNMP - 1 ADSL port, 1 Ethernet port, 1 USB port

DSL-522T ADSL router l mt router a nng, tc cao cho h gia nh v vn

phng.Vi vic tch hp ADSL2/2+ h tr tc download ln n 24Mbps, h tr

Trang 33


34/60


firewall, QoS, Router ny cung cp tt c cc chc nng dng cho h gia nh hoc vn

phng thit lp mt ni kt an ton v t xa tc cao n mng bn ngoi.

Kt ni ADSL tc cao. c im DSL-522T, chun ADSL2/2+ mi nht, cung

cp tc download 24Mbps v upload 1Mbps, hoc tc download 12Mbps v upload1Mbps(ADSL2). Router ny t ng chuyn loi kt ni v tha thun kiu iu ch, dng

giao thc G.hs.

Chia s truy xut internet cho workgroup. DSL-522T cung cp DHCP cho mt nhm

ca h gia nh hoc vn phng truy cp internet ng thi. Cung cp mt port Ethernet c

th c ni n mt nhm ngi dng thng qua Switch.

Firewall. Router ny cung cp bc tng la an ton dng SPI(Stateful Packet

Inspection) v DoS. SPI kim tra header ca cc gi i vo trc khi quyt nh cc gi iqua. Access control lc gi da trn port v a ch MAC/IP ngun/ch n. Virtual server

mapping cho php lm ring bit FTP, Web, game chia s a ch public trong khi vn bo

v server v my trm t hacker. Bn c th cu hnh bt k port LAN no lm port DMZ.

Vi VPN pass-though cho php cc mobile user truy xut mail, file t vn phng lm

vic ti nh m khng cn phn mn VPN client phc tp

2.3.4 Draytek V2820

DrayTekmang n cho doanh nghip va v nh 2 la chn mi vi 2 b thit b

(DrayTek VigorPro 100 v Vigor2820) kh chuyn v l: DrayTek VigorPro 100 h tr

Trang 34


35/60


tng la All-in-one (Unified Security Firewall) v Vigor2820 l thit b kt hp gia

mt router bng rng v mt router ADSL.

Fail-Over (mt ng chy, mt ng d phng, ng d phng s t ng chy

khi ng chnh gp s c, thch hp cho nhng ng dng i hi tc cao v n nh).Tnh nng qun l bng thng vi nhiu la chn nh gii hn s giao dch (sessions) ng

thi, gii hn bng thng cho tng nhm my c th.

Sn phm c trang b tng la mnh m vi nhiu tnh nng hp dn, chng hn

nh kh nng phng chng tn cng t chi dch v DoS/DDoS vi nhiu chnh sch nh

quy nh s lng gi SYN, ICMP, UDP... c php nhn trong 1 giy, pht hin vic

scan port, hay ngn cm vic gi qu nhiu cc gi d liu c cng mt giao thc.... tnh

nng lc theo a ch URL, lc ni dung web.Tnh nng ni bt tip theo l kh nng h tr mng ring o (VPN). C hai u cho

php thit lp n 32 knh VPN ng thi theo hai dng chnh: Remote Dial-in User v

LAN-to-LAN vi cc giao thc (PPTP, L2TP with IPSec Policy v IPSec Tunnel), ch

m ha v xc thc (MD5, SHA-1) cao cp. Th nghim tnh nng VPN, Test Lab thit lp

kt ni theo dng LAN-to-LAN (vi hai ng ADSL: mt ni n router VigorPro 100

(VPN server), mt ni n router Vigor2800 (router ny lin kt vi my tnh lm VPN

client). Test Lab cng thc hin cu hnh tng t cho router Vigor2820. Trong c haitrng hp, tc thit lp kt ni VPN u kh cao (khong 6-8 giy) v n nh

V cc cng giao tip ngoi cc cng LAN, WAN, c hai u trang b thm cng

USB cm my in. Ring cng USB ca Vigor2820 cn c th dng cm cc lu tr

USB dng chia s d liu trong h thng mng. y l im kh mi so vi cc router

ca DrayTek trc y. DrayTek h tr rt nhiu loi my in ca cc hng ni ting nhng

do ti thi im th nghim Test Lab khng c cc loi my in m DrayTek h tr nn

cha th nghim c.

Trang 35


36/60


Trang 36


37/60


CHNG III

TRIN KHAI NG DNG CNG NGH ADSL CHO DICH V

INTERNET

3.1 Cc th tc v thng tin khi ng k dch v ADSL

3.1.1 Th tc ng k thng tin khi ng k dch v ADSL ca Viettel

lm th tc ng k s dng dch v, khch hng phi c cc thit b tng ng

miu t trong mc iu kin s dng dch v v cc giy t sau:

(Lu : Thi hn cng chng cc giy t khng qu 06 thng k t ngy cng chng. Nu

KH xut trnh bn gc giao dch vin kim tra th bn sao khng cn cng chng). ivi c nhn Vit Nam (Quc tch Vit Nam), sinh sng ti Vit Nam Bn sao

CMND hp l hoc cc giy t xc nhn nhn thn khc nh CMT qun i, cng an.

i vi c nhn ngi nc ngoi ang c tr v sinh sng ti Vit Nam

Bn sao H chiu

Bn sao Giy php lu tr ti Vit Nam hoc giy bo lnh ca mt t

chc hoc c quan c t cch php nhn ti Vit Nam (nu khng c giy bo lnh

th phi t cc 2.000.000 VND. Khon t cc ny s c hon tr ngay sau khi

khch hng chm dt hp ng v hon tt ngha v thanh ton cc ph).

i vi Doanh nghip, T chc hoc Vn phng i din

Ch k ca ngi c thm quyn v con du hp php.

Bn sao Giy php ng k kinh doanh; hoc Bn sao giy php hot ng (nudoanh nghip ch c con du vung)

Bn sao Hp ng thu vn phng (nu c).

Qu khch hng i l Internet cng cng

Trang 37
http://viettelonline.com/adsl-viettel/cac-goi-cuoc-adsl-viettelhttp://viettelonline.com/adsl-viettel/cac-goi-cuoc-adsl-viettelhttp://viettelonline.com/adsl-viettel/cac-goi-cuoc-adsl-viettel


38/60


Bn sao Giy php ng k kinh doanh dch vInternet cng cng

Chng minh th nhn dn ca ngi lm i din (bn photo c cng chng)

Hp ng thu vn phng hoc giy chng nhn s hu nh ni t i l (bn sao

c cng chng)

Chng ch tin hc ti thiu trnh A (bn sao c cng chng) ca ch i l hoc

nhn vin do ch i l thu.

Qu khch hng i l u quyn Viettel Mobile

Giy gi thiu ca Viettel Mobile hoc hp ng i l vi Viettel Mobile cn

hiu lc

Bn sao Giy php ng k kinh doanh; hoc Bn sao giy php hot ng (nu

doanh nghip ch c con du vung)

Bn sao Hp ng thu vn phng (nu c)

3.1.2 Th tc bin ng dch v v thay i thng tin trn Hp ng.

(Bao gm: Tm ngng, Khi phc, Chuyn nhng Hp ng, Sang tn, Chuyn i aim s dng v cc yu cu v bin ng dch v khc)

Khch hng yu cu thay i thng tin trn hp ng phi l chnh ch; thanh ton

ht cc khon n cc (tnh n thi im ngh thay i) v mang theo giy t sau n

cc im giao dch ca Viettel:

Bn gc Hp ng cung cp v s dng dch v vin thong.

Giy t chng minh t cch c nhn, php nhn.

Nu i lm thay cho ch hp ng th ngoi cc giy t trn phi km theo Giy

y quyn ca ch hp ng c xc nhn ca c quan, chnh quyn a phng.

Trang 38
http://viettelonline.com/adsl-viettel/cac-goi-cuoc-adsl-viettelhttp://viettelonline.com/adsl-viettel/cac-goi-cuoc-adsl-viettelhttp://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/adsl-viettel/cac-goi-cuoc-adsl-viettelhttp://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/http://viettelonline.com/


39/60


3.2 Thit k m phng phng Internet

Gi cc : + ADSL 6Mbps

Tng quan bao gm : + 1 Computer Server c 2 NIC

+ 30 Client.

+ 1 Switch.

+ 1 Router Draytex vigor 2820.

Phn mn ci t server: + Window Xp Profesional

+ Tin ch, game....

+ ISA.

Phn mn ci t Client: + Window Xp Profesional

+ Cc tin ch, game....

M phng m hnh thit k phng Internet

Trang 39


40/60


3.3 Ci t router

Trong phn ci t ny ti xin ly sn phm Draytek V2820 ca hng Drayteklmv d .

3.3.1 Ci WAN

M trnh duyt (IE, Firefox...), nhp vo a ch IP 192.168.1.1 v nhn Enter

xut hin hp thoi nhp usernamev password.

Mc nh router khng c username v password, bn c th g Enter vo giaodin cu hnh.

Trang 40


41/60


Vo mc WAN Internet Access WAN 1

Chn Enable

Nhp thng s VPI/VCI Encapsulation: chn LLC/SNAP

Protocol: chn PPPoE

Modulation: chn G.DMT (chun ADSL thng)

Bn phi nhp vo Username, Password ca nh cung cp. Sau clickOK.

Trang 41


42/60


Cu hnh Wan 2

WAN 2 ca Vigor2820 s dng port RJ-45 nn c th cu hnh cc dch v nh cp

quang, truyn hnh cp, ADSL. Ty theo nh cung cp dch v cp cho bn IP hay ti

khon s dng m cu hnh theo cc trng hp c th.

Cu hnh theo ti khon

Vo Tab PPPoE, chn Enable, nhp Username v Password. Nhn OK, router s

t khi ng li.

Trang 42


43/60


Cu hnh theo IP

Vo Tab Static or Dynamic IP, chn Specify an IP address v nhp vo a chIP ca nh cung cp

Trng hp WAN 2 s dng cho ADSL th IP Address l a ch IP WAN 2 ca

V2820, Gateway IP Address l a ch IP LAN ca router ADSL ng trc.

Lp mng LAN ca V2820 v lp mng LAN ca router ng trc phi khc lp

(VD y lp mng LAN ca V2820 l 192.168.1.0/24, lp mng LAN ca ADSL

router ng trc l 192.168.10.0/24).

WAN Connection Detection: chn Ping Detect v nhp vo a ch IP n nh

bn ngoi Internet WAN 2 kim tra kt ni ca ADSL router.

Kim tra trng thi kt ni

giao din cu hnh, vo mc Online Status. Nu WAN 1 v WAN 2 nhn c

IP Public t nh cung cp dch v tc l bn cu hnh thnh cng.

Trang 43


44/60


Nu trn WAN Status khng nhn c IP t nh cung cp dch v vui lng kimtra li.

n ADSL trn V2820 v cng nh trn ADSL router ng trc WAN 2 c ngn khng.

Nu n ADSL chp lin tc ngha l router cha nhn c tn hiu ADSL.Bn kim tra li thng s Modulation. y l thng s cho php chn ccchun ADSL, bn c th chn tng chun sao cho tng thch vi nh cungcp dch v.

Nu chn cc chun trn m vn khng c vui lng kim tra li ngline.Lu sau khi thay i cc chun ADSL trong Modulation bn phi khing li router.

Cu hnh ADSL router ch Brigde ng cha?. Bn c th kim tra bngcch quay PPPoE trn my tnh. Nu kt ni thnh cng ngha l bn cu hnhng v c th gn vo WAN 2 ca V2820.

Nh vy bn hon thnh vic thit lp v cu hnh trn router Vigor2820.

3.3.2 Cu hnh security

3.3.2.1 Thit lp c bnThit lp cc ch lc cho router

+ Thit lp cho cuc gi : chn Enable

+ Thit lp lc cc gi tin : chn Enable

Trang 44


45/60


Mt s thit lp chung cho ngi s dng

Trang 45


46/60


Thit lp lc d liu trong mng: ngn login, messenger, file transfer.

Trong th Check for Disallow ng vi tng tc v qun l ta Stickvo qun l

tc v m ta mun chn

Trang 46


47/60


Thit lp ngn URL

Thit lp lc chn cc a ch URL vi t kha

Trang 47


48/60


Thit lp lc web nng cao cho nhm ngi dng vi t kha

3.3.3 M port router(NAT)

3.3.3.1 Cu hnh NAT

NAT- Network Address Translation: L chc nng chuyn tip gi tin gia 2 lp

mng khc nhau (nh chuyn tip gi tin t Internet vo my con trong mng LAN)Vo mc NAT >> Port Redirection tin hnh cu hnh theo nhu cu s dng

Service name: tn dch v, bn c th t tn bt k.

Protocol: chn ng giao thc ca ng dng

WAN IP: chn 1.All, tc l cho php bt k WAN IP no t bn ngoi vo.

Public Port: port bn ngoi truy cp vo.

Private IP: a ch IP ca my tnh c ci ng dng (VD: my tnh lm Web Server,my tnh kt ni vi IP Camera, my tnh VPN Server, my tnh cn remote

desktop).

Active: check vo c hiu lc.

Trang 48


49/60


50/60


cu hnh chc nng DMZ, mc NAT SetupDMZHost Check mc Enable

kch hot chc nng ny. Bn ch nh my tnh c th bng cch nhn nt Choose PC v

chn my tnh thch hp.

3.3.3.3 Cu hnh Open port

Chc nng Open port c s dng NAT nhiu port n mt my sever trong mng

Lan.

Chc nng ny hu ch cho bn khi c mt my tnh mnh, m ng nhiu dch v

cng lc, nh va lm Mail Server, va lm Web Server, FTP Server

cu hnh vo NAT Open Ports Index 1.

Trang 50


51/60


Enable chc nng v chn my server bng cch nhn nt Choose PC, sau chn

Protocol v Port tng ng

Trang 51


52/60


3.3.4 Ci t Client s dng Router truy cp Internet

Ta c 2 cch ci t : Tnh hoc ng.

gi hp thoi tinh chnh :Vo StartSettingsNetworkLocal Area

conectionEnterInternet protocol(TCP/IP)PropertiesInternet

Protocol Properties.(hoc c th double- click biu tng Internet connected

thanh Tasbar v lm tng t).

Trang 52


53/60


Nu ci t tnh th ta n tng my client nh a ch cho my .

Nu ci t ng th ta Enable DHCP trn router sau ta mc nhObitan an IP addresss automatically:

Trang 53


54/60


KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

n trn l mt s kin ca ti v cng ngh ADSL. y l kt qu caqu trnh nghin cu, vn dng nhng kin thc c trang b trong nh trng

v cc lnh vc khc.

y l cng ngh mang tnh t ph trong ngnh cng ngh thng tin. Nh

c cng ngh ADSL m con ngi c th thc hin nhng iu cc cng ngh

mng trc y tng nh khng th thc hin c nh: hi tho Video qua

mng, phim theo yu cu, chi Game trc tuyn... Hin nay cng ngh ADSL v

nhng h cng ngh xDSL khc c s dng rng ri nc ta v cc nc

pht trin.

Trang 54


55/60


T nhng u im vt tri ca cng ngh ADSL, chc chn trong tng lai

gn cng ngh ADSL s c ng dng v pht trin rng ri hn na ti Vit

Nam.

Trong qu trnh thc hin n, ti nhn c s gip tn tnh cathy gio on Vn Thng gip ti hon thnh tt n chuyn ngnh ny. V

thi gian lm v kin thc c hn nn n khng trnh khi nhng sai st, rt

mong s gp ca cc thy c gio v cc bn.

Xin chn thnh cm n!

Sinh vin thc hinL Hu Nguyn Hip

Trang 55


56/60


TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. INTERNET WORKING VI TCP/IPNh xut bn Gio Dc 2007

[2].Gio trnh mng my tnh - HQG t/p H Ch MinhTc gi: Ks. Nguyn Bnh Dng v Ths. m Quang Hng HiNm xut bn: 2001

[3].Gio trnh h thng my tnh CCNATc gi: Nguyn Hng Sn (ch bin)Nh xut bn: Lao ng- X hi 2008

[4].Mng thng tin my tnh

Tc gi: Gs.Ts V Duy Li

[5].Ti liu hng dn ADSL- Cng ty NetNamNm xut bn: 2007

[6]. Mng my tnh v cc h thng mNgi dch: Nguyn Thc HiNh xut bn: Gio Dc

[7]. Gio trnh mng my tnh dnh cho h chuyn vin CNTT- Trung tm o to

cng ngh cao Bch Khoa

Webside[1]. www.quantrimang.com

[2]. www.3c.com.vn

[3]. www.haiphongit.com

[4]. www.draytek.com

[5]. www.mobifone.com.vn

[6]. www.vietteltelecom.com.vn

Trang 56
http://www.quantrimang.com/http://www.3c.com.vn/http://www.haiphongit.com/http://www.draytek.com/http://www.mobifone.com.vn/http://www.vietteltelecom.com.vn/http://www.quantrimang.com/http://www.3c.com.vn/http://www.haiphongit.com/http://www.draytek.com/http://www.mobifone.com.vn/http://www.vietteltelecom.com.vn/


57/60


KIN CA GIO VIN HNG DN

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Trang 57


58/60


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Nng, ngy........thng........ nm 2009

Ch k ca gio vin hng dn

Trang 58


59/60


KIN CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Trang 59


60/60


............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................

Nng, ngy........thng........ nm 2009

Ch k ca gio vin phn bin

adsl nop thay

Documents