advanced barium ferrite tape technologies - snia.org · advanced barium ferrite tape technologies...

2014 Storage Developer Conference. © Insert Your Company Name. All Rights Reserved.

Advanced Barium Ferrite Tape Technologies

Osamu Shimizu and Hitoshi Noguchi FUJIFILM Corporation

2014 Storage Developer Conference. © FUJIFILM Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Contents

Comparison of storage devices for archive. Overview of the evolution of tape technology. Metal Particulate (MP) technology. Barium ferrite (BF) technologies. Latest demonstration of 85.9 Gbit/in2 (equivalent

to 154TB per cartridge) and future. Summary.

2


Contents

Comparison of storage devices for archive. Overview of the evolution of tape technology. Metal Particulate (MP) technology. Barium ferrite (BF) technologies. Latest demonstration of 85.9 Gbit/in2

(equivalent to 154TB per cartridge) and future. Summary.

3

2014 Storage Developer Conference. © FUJIFILM Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 4

Capacity Trends – Linear Tape & HDD

Enterprise

LTO 3.5"HDD INSIC roadmap

Tech. Demo.

1TB MP

8 TB BF

35 TB BF

154 TB BF

4

http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/5cb5ed706d254a8186256c71006d2e0a/82f67152325e844985257960005866fa/$FILE/IBM%20TS1140%20Technology%20White%20Paper%2011%20October%202011%20Final%20v3.pdf http://www.oracle.co.jp/events/jpm120809/materials/20120809-10_StorageSumit_A-2.pdf http://www.lto.org/technology/index.html http://www.insic.org/news/2012Roadmap/12index.html

2000 2005 2015 2020

Future

0.1

1

10

100

1000

2010

Year

Cap

acity

[TB

]


Capacity Trends – Linear Tape & Optical Disk

5

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Year

Cap

acity

[GB

]Linear TapeOptical Disk

CD-R

DVD-R

BD-RBDXL

http://www.insic.org/news/2012Roadmap/12index.html http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201403/14-0310E/

Plots for future are from


HDD 15K rpm inner

Blu-ray 12X

HDD 15K rpm outer

T10000C

LTO-6

DVD 16X

TS1140

Transfer rate (MB/s) http://home.jeita.or.jp/upload_file/20130924142035_HeGRhaN95v.pdf

Transfer rate comparison

6


Error rate comparison

http://remedio.tv/diversos/pctita_arquivos/PanasonicSlimBluRayBurner.htm "Tape: Comparison of LTO and Enterprise", Instrumental, Inc. http://www.instrumental.com, April 19, 2013 http://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/support-content/documentation/product%20manuals/en-us/enterprise/Savvio/10K.5/100628563f.pdf http://www.spectra.com/pdfs/lto_ultrium.pdf https://www.spectralogic.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.displayFile&DocID=2513

System Hard error rate SATA consumer HDD 1E-14 SATA enterprise HDD 1E-15 Enterprise SAS/FC HDD 1E-16 LTO Tape system 1E-17 Enterprise Linear Tape 1E-19 ~ 1E-20

7

All data written on the tapes are always verified by the reader just after writing.


Contents



8


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100 MP Technology in 1980’s

Substrate Film

Magnetic Layer 3-5um

250nm (Particle size) Ra: 7<nm

Overview of evolution of tape technology

9


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

Substrate Film

Magnetic Layer

MP Technology


10


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

MP Technology

ATOMM Technology in 1990’s

Substrate Film

Non Magnetic Layer

0.2-0.3um

100nm (Particle size) Ra: 4-6nm


11


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

Substrate Film

Magnetic Layer Substrate Film

Non Magnetic Layer

MP Technology


12


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

MP Technology

NANOCUBIC Technology in 2000’s

Substrate Film

50-100nm

35-45nm (Particle size) Ra:2-4nm


13


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

Substrate Film


Non Magnetic Layer

Substrate FilmMP Technology


14


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

MP Technology Substrate Film

50-100nm

10-20nm (Particle size) Ra:1-2nm

Barium Ferrite Technology in 2010’s


15


Area

l Rec

ordi

ng D

ensi

ty (G

bpsi

)

1990 2000 2010

0.01

10

1

0.1

100

Substrate Film


Non Magnetic Layer

Substrate Film

Substrate Film

MP Technology


16


Contents



17


Thinner magnetic layer

Thinner magnetic layer makes signal resolution higher, resulting in the achievement of higher linear density.

MP technology

18


ATOMM Technology Thickness (ｔ) 110nm Deviation （δ） 25nm δ/t 23％

NANOCUBIC Technology Thickness （t） 60nm Deviation (δ) 6nm δ/t 10％

Under layer

Under layer

Magnetic layer

Magnetic layer

Thickness variation of magnetic layer is negligibly small by NANO-coating technology.

MP technology

19


Smoother surface profile

Smoother surface reduce the spacing between head and media, resulting in the significant increase of the signal output at higher linear density region.

MP technology

20


Creates very smooth tapes by NANO-dispersion technology,

ATOMM Technology (LTO-1) Ra:5.2nm

NANOCUBIC Technology (LTO-5) Ra:2.6nm

MP technology

21


Thinner tape

Thinner tape makes longer tape windable in a same size of cartridge.

MP technology

22


Smaller magnetic particles

Smaller magnetic particles are essential to a higher recording density .

MP technology

23


Increasing the magnetic coercivity while reducing the particle size down to 3,000 (nm3).

MP technology 3000

2500

2000

1500

Coe

rciv

ity (O

e)

2010 2005 2000 1995 1990

Year

24


Capacity increase in MP media have been achieved by making…. Thinner magnetic layer, Smoother surface profile, Thinner (i.e. longer ) tape, Smaller magnetic particles, and Higher coercivity.

MP technology

Barium ferrite (BF) technology must be developed.

However, reducing particle volume less than 2,800 nm3 without decreasing coercivity could not be achieved.

25


Contents



26


MP BF Particle Shape

Acicular

Hexagonal platelet shaped Origin of magnetic energy

Shape anisotropy Magneto-crystalline anisotropy

Material FeCo alloy BaO(Fe2O3)6 Oxide

Passivation layer Required Not Required

Passivation layer

magnetization axis

The magnetic property of barium ferrite particle is NOT affected from its shape. The barium ferrite particle does NOT need the passivation layer because it is oxide. The size of barium ferrite particle can be reduced with maintaining high coercivity.

BF Technology - Particle

27


1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Particle Volume (nm3)

Coe

rciv

ity (O

e)

Reducing the particle size less than 2,800 (nm3) declined the magnetic coercivity, which is very important to keep the data, resulting in the saturation of capacity increase with metal particles

MP


28


1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Particle Volume (nm3)

Coe

rciv

ity (O

e)

Coercivity of barium ferrite particles is independent of their size. Smaller particles can be utilized for higher capacity.

MP

BF


29


Latest MP Volume: 2850 nm3

coercivity: 2380 [Oe]

BF Volume: 1600 nm3

coercivity: 2400 [Oe]

Even though the volume of barium ferrite shown above is 45 % smaller than the latest MP, their coercivity can be maintained.

TEM image of fine Barium ferrite particles


30


Barium ferrite particles can be oriented perpendicularly while MP are oriented longitudinally.

MP tape

BF tape (highly oriented)

BF tape (non-oriented)

Particle Orientation BF Technology - Particle

31


SEM Image of tape surface

Barium ferrite particles are well isolated and packed in the high density.

Latest MP tape BF Tape


32


Barium ferrite media are stable even in the very hot and humid conditions.

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Particle volume [nm 3 ]

Ms

degr

adat

ion(

%)

Temp=60 ゚ C RH=90% Period=30 days

MP

BF

BF Technology - Stability

33


Barium ferrite media are stable even in the corrosive atmosphere (Battelle Class II, 14 days).

14 days -50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 Particle volume [nm 3 ]

Ms d

ecre

asin

g ra

tio [%

]

MP

BF

Battelle Class II ConditionCl2 concentration 10 ppb

NO2 concentration 200 ppbH2S concentration 10 ppbRelative humidity 70 % Temperature 30 ℃






34


Initial After exposure

BF

MP

Barium ferrite media are stable even in the corrosive atmosphere (Battelle Class II, 14 days).


35


Error Rate does not degraded even in very hot environment (65 C) for more than 1 year(3x107 sec).


36

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E+01 1.E+03 1.E+05 1.E+07 1.E+09

Time (sec)

BE

R24 ℃65 ℃

day month year 10year


Comparison of COF of LTO-6 media. All four samples are sold as LTO-6 media, and we obtained them from the market.

BF Technology - durability

0.27

0.31

0.35

0.39

0.43

2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Surface Roughness, Ra [nm]

Coe

ffici

ent o

f fric

tion

BF

MP

LTO-6 tape

37


1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

SNR [dB]

Byte

Err

or R

ate

BF-LTO6 w/ Worn Head MP-LTO6(Vender A) w/ Worn Head MP-LTO6(Vender B) w/ Worn Head MP-LTO6(Vender C) w/ Worn Head

BF-LTO6 w/ New Head MP-LTO6(Vender A) w/ New Head MP-LTO6(Vender B) w/ New Head MP-LTO6(Vender C) w/ New Head

Head degradation will not affect to BER of BF media

SNR margin for BF

BF Technology - Drive life

BF with new head

BF with worn head

MP with new head

MP with worn head

38


Contents



39

2014 Storage Developer Conference. © FUJIFILM Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 40

Capacity Trends – Linear Tape & HDD

40

http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/5cb5ed706d254a8186256c71006d2e0a/82f67152325e844985257960005866fa/$FILE/IBM%20TS1140%20Technology%20White%20Paper%2011%20October%202011%20Final%20v3.pdf http://www.oracle.co.jp/events/jpm120809/materials/20120809-10_StorageSumit_A-2.pdf http://www.lto.org/technology/index.html http://www.insic.org/news/2012Roadmap/12index.html

Enterprise

LTO 3.5"HDD INSIC roadmap

Tech. Demo.

1TB MP

8 TB BF

35 TB BF

154 TB BF

Future

0.1

1

10

100

1000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Year

Cap

acity

[TB

]


Super narrow reader 90nm reader width GMR head

High precision actuator for track following 87nm tracking margin

High moment writer Cox-Fe100-x high moment thin film

Advanced Error correction code Iterative Reed-Solomon

Advanced perpendicular BF media 1,600 nm3 BF with perpendicular orientation

Key technologies used in the demonstration

41

Demonstrated by IBM and FUJIFILM

This work was done in collaboration with IBM Research - Zurich


Super narrow reader

LTO-6 Track pitch = 4,750 nm

Reader width ~ 3,000 nm

SEM image of GMR reader

Reader Width = 90nm

85.9 Gbit/in2 demonstration Track pitch = 177nm

Reader width = 90nm

42 Presented at TMRC2014 F2, pp.79-80, Aug. 2014 Details will be published in IEEE Transaction on Magnetics Vol. 51, No. 1 in January 2015.


Track margin =177 nm – 90 nm = 87 nm

High precision actuator for track following

85.9 Gbit/in2 demonstration Track pitch = 177nm

Reader width = 90nm



High moment writer

Gap: 150 nm

Ni45Fe55 CoxFe100-x

Ni45Fe55 Al2O3

Coil CoFe: 200 nm

182 235 263 29413

14

15

16

17

18

19

Coercivity (kA/m)

SN

Ra

(dB

)

Std WriterHM Writer

Coercivity (Oe) 2300 3000 3300 3700



Advanced error correction code

C1 ECC Decoder

C2 ECC Decoder

Read channel

C2 Parity

Data

C1 P

arity 45

Presented at TMRC2014 F2, pp.79-80, Aug. 2014 Details will be published in IEEE Transaction on Magnetics Vol. 51, No. 1 in January 2015.

10 -3

10 -2

10 -1

10 -20

10 -15

10 -10

10 -5

10 0

channel byte error rate

byte

err

or ra

te

N1=240 t1=5 N2=192 t2=12

undec C1-o1 C2-o1 C1-o2 C2-o2 C2-o3


1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Particle Volume (nm3)

Coe

rciv

ity (O

e)

Coercivity of barium ferrite particles is independent of their size. Smaller particles can be utilized for higher capacity.

MP

BF

Advanced perpendicular oriented BF media

85.9Gb/in2

demo



Latest demonstration System parameter LTO-6 Latest demo Linear density kbit/in 385 600 Track density kT/in 5.3 143 Areal density Gbit/in2 2.06 85.9 Tape length % 100 148 Capacity TB 2.5 154

Tape parameter LTO-6 Latest demo Magnetic particle size nm3 1,900 1,600 Surface roughness nm 2.0 0.8 Details of this demonstration will be published in IEEE Transaction on Magnetics Vol.

51, No. 1 in January 2015. 47


Future Tape System beyond 300 TB

Smaller barium ferrite particles. down to 1,000 nm3 (1,600 nm3 was used for 154 TB).

More advanced reader technology. TMR reader (GMR reader was used for 154 TB).

More advanced channel technologies.

Technologies which will be used

Technologies which may be applicable (for much beyond 300 TB) Energy assisted recording. Single pole write head with soft under layer.

– Technologies to be used in late 2020s or 2030s –

48


Summary The Capacity of magnetic tape cartridge has been

increased by reducing, Particle volume, Magnetic layer thickness, Surface roughness, and Total tape thickness.

Increasing cartridge capacity using MP with keeping long term stability becomes difficult because MP no longer can reduce their particle size without reducing coercivity.

BF particles are very promising and technologies corresponding to 154 TB per cartridge was demonstrated, which will be launched in several years.

Tape has come back as the highest capacity storage since 2011 by applying BF technology and the current highest capacity of tape system is 8.5TB.

Some of the technologies to be required for over 154 TB have already been developed and they will be used for over 300 TB tape cartridges.

49

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