Identifying the outline map in reading (A)

Victor GAO

Zhejiang International Studies University

3 April 2011

How to read a passage

Writer’sknowledge

How to read a passage

Writer’sknowledge

Sharing with the writer

Reader’s knowledge

Writer’sknowledge

Sharing with the writer

Reader’s knowledge

Writer’sknowledge

Common core shared

Writer’sknowledge

Reader’sknowledge

Common core shared

The more we share, the easier our reading will be

What is skimming like?

The eagle is the reader the landscape is the passage

We usually read like this

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We usually read like this

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1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

1) People are always talking about 'the problem of youth'. If there is one - which I take leave to doubt- then it is older people who create it, not the young themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings - people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

2) When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain -- that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.

3) I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were, in some sense, cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill-mannered, presumptuous or fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary cliches about respect of elders -- as if mere age were a reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.

How do paragraphs relate to each other?

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？？

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？？

？

？

When we can’t findthe map…

we may only see

paragraphs,but not the

passage!

we then can’t see the passage

we may only see

paragraphs,but not the

passage!

But there IS a map in the passage

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An outline map of passage

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It is the relationship between paragraphs

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If we find the outline map of a passage like this

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Or if we find the outline map of a passage like this

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Then we see all the paragraphs as a whole piece

We see how the

paragraphsare related!

The map is the relationship between paragraphs

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When we see it, we seethe passage organization

Reading is like dismantling 拆卸 an ox 庖丁解牛

Not only do we see the ox

but its muscles

Then it is the topic in each para that determines the map

The Cambrian Explosion

A reading passage for senior middle school learners

高 歌浙江外国语学院

2011 年 3 月

Cambria is in Wales, UK

where lots of fossils like these were found

Fossils of trilobita 三叶虫

where lots of fossils like these were found

The fossils were found under sediments 沉积体

Let’s read for topics in the outline map

Paragraph One

Cambrian Explosion

4Topic?7

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The geologic 地质 timescale 年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. This rapid origin and diversification 多样化

of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

Vocabulary learning

The geologic 地质 timescale 年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in o

nly the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all moder

n animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved.

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

•The geologic 地质 timescale 年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. •Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 per

cent of Earth’s history. •During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups

(along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. •This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “t

he Cambrian explosion.”

•The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. •Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 per

cent of Earth’s history. •During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups

(along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. •This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “t

he Cambrian explosion.”

•The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

• The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. • Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of E

arth’s history. • During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along wi

th other animals that are now extinct) evolved. • This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Camb

rian explosion.”

•The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物 life-forms (living things that have cells with true nuclei 真核 ) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

•The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. •Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 per

cent of Earth’s history. •During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups

(along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. •This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “t

he Cambrian explosion.”

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分1. the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, 2. the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, 3. the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells wit

h true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and

4. the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian p

eriod. 引出背景下的主题 Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the

last 10 percent of Earth’s history. 何时 During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern anim

al groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. 发生了何事

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.” 叫什么

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分1. the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, 2. the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, 3. the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have cells wit

h true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and

4. the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago. The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian p

eriod. 引出背景下的主题 Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the

last 10 percent of Earth’s history. 何时 During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern anim

al groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. 发生了何事

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.” 叫什么

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. 何时

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. 发生了何事

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have c

ells with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.”

The geologic timescale 地质年代 is marked by significant geologic and biological events, including 大背景：时期的划分

the origin of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago, the origin of life about 3.5 billion years ago, the origin of eukaryotic 真核生物的 life-forms (living things that have ce

lls with true nuclei) about 1.5 billion years ago, and the origin of animals about 0.6 billion years ago.

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period. 引出背景下的主题

Animals originated relatively late in the history of Earth – in only the last 10 percent of Earth’s history. (when)

During a geologically brief 100-million-year period, all modern animal groups (along with other animals that are now extinct) evolved. What (what)

This rapid origin and diversification 多样化 of animals is often referred to as “the Cambrian explosion.” 归纳、强化主题

The geologic timescale is marked by significant events,

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period.

The last event, Cambrian explosion, is rapid origin and diversification 多样化of animals

The geologic timescale is marked by significant events,

The last event marks the beginning of the Cambrian period.

The last event, Cambrian explosion, is rapid origin and diversification 多样化of animals

The geologic timescale is marked by significant events,

The last event Cambrian explosion is rapid origin and diversification of animals

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification of

animals

4Cambrian explosion7

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Paragraph Two

Cambrian Explosion

Cambrian explosion

Topic?

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Vocabulary learning

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life see

ms a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life see

ms a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? （表示不解，并提出不解的依据） The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? （表示不解，并提出不解的依据） The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? （表示不解） The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life s

eems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. （并提出不解的依据）

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fo

ssil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions. (cohesive device) 预测下段

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions. 承上启下 预测下段

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century.

Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.

Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals?

Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fos

sil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists 古生物学者 continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.

Scientist have questions and search for answers

To summarize…

Questions & search for answers

Cambrian explosion

Questions & search for answers

Cambrian explosion

Topic?Questions & search for answers

Paragraph Three

Cambrian Explosion

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 成化石 . Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 . In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Vocabulary learning

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 成化石 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur.

Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 成化石 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur.

Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize.

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur.

Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 .

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition. 腐烂

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize 化石化 . Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likel

y than fossilization of hard-bodied animals, but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossili

zation of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments 沉积体 that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize.

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

One interpretation 解释 regarding the absence of fossils during this important 100-million-year period is that early animals were soft bodied and simply did not fossilize.

Fossilization of soft-bodied animals is less likely than fossilization of hard-bodied animals,

but it does occur. Conditions that promote fossilization of soft-bodied animals include very rapid covering by sediments that create an environment that discourages decomposition 腐烂 .

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

In fact, fossil beds containing soft-bodied animals have been known for many years.

Fossil beds containing

soft-bodied animals

Soft-bodied animals were

fossilized

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Paragraph Four

Cambrian Explosion

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively 只有 of soft-bodied forms. Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation 动物群 is worldwide in distribution 分布 and dates to PreCambrian times. This 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed. It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

Vocabulary learning

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively 只有 of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation 动物群 is worldwide in distribution 分

布 and dates to PreCambrian times. This 700-million-year-old formation gives few clu

es to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to PreCambrian times.

However, this 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to PreCambrian times.

However, this 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

The Ediacara 埃迪卡拉 fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to PreCambrian times.

However, this 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, because paleontologists 古生物学者 believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.

It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups.

The Ediacara has no ancestors of modern

animals.

Ediacara’s weren’t

ancestors ofmodern animals

Ediacara’s weren’t

ancestors ofmodern animals

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?

Paragraph Five

Cambrian Explosion

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia. It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Vocabulary learning

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后

代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 划分 to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 归属 to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后

代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains 遗骸 is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 归属 to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale 地点 in Russia.

It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms.

At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned 归属 to various modern animal groups,

but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants 后代 in modern animal groups.

Tommotian leaves no descendants in modern

animal groups.

Tommotian leaves no descendants

in modern animals.

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

ancestors ofmodern animals

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Paragraph Six

Cambrian Explosion

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Topic?

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion. This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, 泥板岩 is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization. These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus 碎屑 of algae. 海藻 The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites 螨虫 , and crabs).

Vocabulary learning

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.

These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物(a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. (where)

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.

These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻碎屑

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia. (where)

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine 海洋的 animals under conditions that favored fossilization. (when + what)

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups.

These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming predator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻碎屑

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale 泥板岩 , is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. (result) These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale 泥板岩 formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups.

For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia is a r

epresentative of a previously unknown group of arthropods 节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻 举例说明

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻举例说明

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs).

A third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.

This fossil formation, called the Burgess Shale, is in Yoho National Park in the Canadian Rocky Mountains of British Columbia.

Shortly after the Cambrian explosion, mud slides rapidly buried thousands of marine animals under conditions that favored fossilization.

These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable 无法划分的 animals include a large swimming pr

edator 掠食者 called Anomalocaris 奇虾 and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus of algae. 海藻举例说明

The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct 灭绝 representatives of modern animal groups. For example, a well-known Burgess Shale animal called Sidneyia

is a representative of a previously unknown group of arthropods节肢动物 (a category 类属 of animals that includes insects, spiders, mites, and crabs). 举例说明

Burgess Shale has modern animals,

some are extinct or unassignable 灭绝

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some are

unassignable or extinct

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Topic?

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some unassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Paragraph Seven

Cambrian Explosion

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale 伯尼斯泥板岩 show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals. Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches 小生

态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species. Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences 顺序 in the Cambrian explosion? Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Vocabulary learning

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale 伯尼斯泥板岩 show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ec

ological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences 顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale 伯尼斯泥板岩 show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so man

y ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows. Many zoologists believe that it was because so man

y ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows.

Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Fossil formations like the Burgess Shale show that evolution cannot always be thought of as a slow progression 进程 .

The Cambrian explosion involved rapid evolutionary diversification, followed by the extinction of many unique 唯一的 animals.

Why was this evolution so rapid? No one really knows.

Many zoologists believe that it was because so many ecological niches 小生态区 were available with virtually no competition from existing species.

Will zoologists ever know the evolutionary sequences顺序 in the Cambrian explosion?

Perhaps another ancient fossil bed of soft-bodied animals from 600-million-year-old seas is awaiting discovery.

Evolution isn’t always slow due to certain environment.

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some unassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, some unassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someunassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion:

rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Questions & search for

answers

Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment

Softbodied animals

were fossilized

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someunassignable

or extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion:

rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Questions & search for

answers

Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment

Softbodied animals

were fossilized

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someunassignable

or extinct

Tommotian

leaves no modern animals

descendants

Active comprehension strategies

Inferring

PredictingQuestioning

the text

Making connections •Text-to-text•Text-to-self

Finding important

information

Visualizing

Summarizing

Monitoring comprehension

Reading skills at work

The Cambrian Explosion

Vocabulary

Learning

Victor GAO

Zhejiang International Studies University

3 April 2011

Cambrian Explosion

地球地质史

Geologic time scale 地球地质史

Cambrian explosion 寒武纪大爆发

eukaryotic 真核生物

eukaryotic

eukaryotic 真核生物

eukaryotic

eukaryotic 真核生物

multicellular 多细胞的 forms of life

Sedimentary rocks 沉积岩

Diversification of animals动物的多样化（进化）

Fossil of fish 鱼化石

Soft-bodied fossil 软体动物化石

Soft-bodied fossil 软体动物化石

Cambrian Explosion 寒武纪大爆发

寒武纪三叶虫 trilobite

Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

Detritus 碎屑 of algae 海藻

Diversification of animals

Cambrian Explosion物种多样化的迅猛进化

Cambrian Explosion物种多样化的迅猛进化

Cambrian Explosion物种多样性的迅速进化

Anomalocaris 奇虾

Anomalocaris 奇虾

Predator Anomalocaris

Predator Anomalocaris

Predator Anomalocaris

Predator Anomalocaris

Predator Anomalocaris掠食者 奇虾

Wiwaxia 威瓦虾虫

Wiwaxia 威瓦虾虫

Wiwaxia fossil 威瓦虾虫化石

落基山寒武纪生物化石群

落基山寒武纪生物化石群

Cambrian Explosion 寒武纪大爆发

Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

Ediacara fossil formation 埃迪卡拉化石群

Fossil of fish 鱼化石

Origin of Eden

庖丁解牛

庖丁解牛 游刃有余

庖丁解牛 游刃有余

庖丁解牛 游刃有余

Not only we see the ox

But its skeleton

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion: rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Evolution isn’t always slow due to

certainenvironment.

Soft-bodied animals

were fossilized

Questions & search for answers

Burgess Shale

has modern animals, some

are extinct

Tommotian

leaves no modern animals

descendants

Burgess Shale has modern

animals, someare extinct

Tommotian leaves no

modern animals

descendants

Ediacara’s weren’t

modern animal ancestors

Cambrian explosion:

rapid origin and diversification

of animals

Questions & search for

answers

Evolution isn’t always slow due to environment

Softbodied animals

were fossilized