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afxazeTi, saqarTvelo

postkonfliqturi labirinTi

rafiel gelantia

Tbilisi

2011

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vuZRvni Tanamemamuleebs,

romlebis ver moeswrnen

afxazeTSi dabrunebas

redaqtori: badri ciramua

sagamomcemlo jgufi: rita cindeliani qeTevan xeteSvili laSa gelantia

kompiuterul uzrunvelyofaSi TanadgomisTvis avtori madlobas uxdis monika Wanias da salome kilasonias.

© rafiel gelantia© sagamomcemlo saxli `inovacia~

ISBN 978-9941-9212-7-8

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saWiro, Zalze saWiro wigni

SemZra rafiel gelantias meore wignmac!win midevs da vfiqrob:nuTu samSoblos gasakvirveli grZnoba dailia, daSra,

daiwrita, gamofuturovda misi sadinari, nuTu qarTveli kacis saxelmwifoebriv Segnebas dambla daeca, nuTu oden saSovari axsovs da qveyana ara?!

avtori faqtebs gvawvdis, viTarebas aRwers da gvixa-tavs, asea saqmeo gveubneba, aravisTan davobs, sakuTari Ta-vis garda, magram... wigni yvelas gvedaveba!

avtori saxres ar gviRerebs, magram wigni saxrea, samx-reTis qarsa da wvimaSi gverekeba cudad gawvrTnilebs, mamulis winaSe uTavbolod enalaqardianebsa da gulebze mjiRis mobraguneT, upirvelesis, samaradJamos verSems-menelebs!...

es wigni Cveni Taobis gafrTxilebaa.vinc kargad waikiTxavs, _ sakuTar gulisgulSi Caixedavs

da dafantuli sazrisis Zebnas daiwyebs, vinc zereled_isev im gubeSi darCeba, romelsac guSinac cxovrebas eZaxda da dResac eZaxis!

es wigni momavali Taobis gafrTxilebaa, SemoZaxilia, rom, ar varga ase,... cota xanic da, iqneb, arc araferi dagvrCes dasakargi!

maxsendeba poetis sityvebi:_ raa gziani? _ metyvian da vpasuxob umalCemsken moRrejil kisers daTvisas:mag umaqnisi qedis yurebas, romelic Zalze meqarTuleba,gauZlos gulma!...es wigni, am gansacdelzea da imavdroulad:_ qveynis ukeTes momavalze fiqriTaa damZimebuli;_ sisastikis, ugulobis, uTavmouyvareobis magaliTe-

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biT aRsavse da mravalTa usulgulo zedaobiT gaZeZgili;_ mamulis usaSvelo tkivilebiT gaTanguli da qveynis

uangaro siyvaruliT gaciskrovnebuli;_ didi Serigebisa da gamTlianebis gzebis maZiebeli da

qarTvelTa da afxazTa gonierebis gamarjvebis rwmeniT ga-naTebuli!

igi rafiel gelantiam gvialaverda da moayola:_ Se, CemTavmkvdaro, gaiRviZe, gaiRviZe, raa amdeni Zili!

gaizmore mainc, iqneb erTi nervi mainc Segerxes am wkvaramsa da godebaSi, iqneb Setokde, gaizmoro, gverdi Seicvalo!...

avtors sjera da gvamxnevebs, rom Tu Zalian movin-domebT da SevicvliT mxars, gavialmasebT Wkuas da gonebas:

_ usaTuod gaviTavisebT samSoblos pirveladobasa da uzenaesobas;

_ soxumi usaTuod iqneba qarTul-afxazuri qalaqi da afxazebi mtrulad da zizRiT ar gamoixedaven engurs ga-moRma;

_ usaTuod aRdgeba Cveni sisxlismieri, naTesauri, sa-morduo kavSirebi da sinanulis cremlebs SevaSrobT erT-maneTs.

krebulSi Sesuli werilebi da narkvevebi wlebis ganmav-lobaSi ibeWdeboda qarTul periodikaSi, gadaicemoda ra-dioTi da televiziiT. maT Tavi mouyara da akinZa avtor-ma ise, rogorc es aris dalagebuli wignSi, ise, rogorc es iyo saqarTveloSi, sakuTriv afxazeTSi, ise, rogorc amas iTxovda da Txoulobs sindisieri Jurnalistika, moqala-qeobrivi pasuxismgebloba warsulis, awmyosa da momavlis winaSe.

badri ciramua

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ramdenime sityva avtorisgan

1993 wlis 30 seqtembers, moulodnelobisgan Tavzar-dacemulma da gaognebulma, Cems aTeulobiT aTas Taname-mamulesTan erTad davtove cecxlmodebuli afxazeTi.

mas Semdeg bevrma wyalma Caiara am sityvis pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, magram dRemde ver gaveqeci Cems moqalaqeobriv pasuxismgeblobas _ adamianur tkivils da TanagrZnobas sakuTari ojaxis, mezoblebis, axloblebis, afxazeTis yvela mkvidris mimarT iq, _ engurgaRma da aq, _ engurgamoRma.

wignSi Sesuli statiebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi ibeWdeboda qarTul periodikaSi („saqarTvelos respublika,“ „dilis gazeTi“ da „saTanjo“, „afxazeTis xma“, „axali afxazeTis xma,“ „Cveni gazeTi“, „24 saaTi,“ „regionis droiT,“ Jurna-lebi „politika,“ „riwa“da sxva), romelTa redaqtorebisa da TanamSromlebis Rvawli dauviwyaria CemTvis da devni-lebisTvis, romlebic Ramis usaSvelo rigebSi erTnairad velodebodiT ufaso purs da axal gazeTebs; gazeT „sa-qarTvelos respublikis“ yvela nomeri ki mTiani bilikebiT gadadioda afxazeTSi.

am wigniT mindoda mkiTxvelisTvis, pirvel rigSi dev-nilobaSi gazrdili TaobisaTvis, gameziarebina Cemi STa-beWdilebebi 90-iani wlebis (maTTvis axla ukve Soreuli) epoqis movlenebis Sesaxeb, rodesac Camoyalibda amJa-mindeli realoba da romlebmac didwilad gansazRvra, rogorc mTlianad qveynis, aseve TiToeuli Cvenganis bedi Tu ubedoba; gamecno konfliqtis politikuri mo-wesrigebis sakiTxebze qarTuli sazogadoebis wiaRSi Se-muSavebuli samSvidobo gzavnilebi; gamomexata wuxili da SeSfoTeba imaze, rom 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis Semdeg afxazeTis problema ukiduresad damZimda da au-

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cilebelia saerToerovnuli gangaSis zarebis axleburi darisxeba, radgan realuri dakargvis safrTxis winaSea saqarTvelos Tvalmargaliti _ afxazeTi; rom dadga Jami, roca TiToeuli CvenTagani movalea imgvarad daicvas afxazeTi da afxazebi, rogorc sakuTari sicocxle da ke-TildReoba.

XX-XXI saukuneTa mijnaze, msoflio mniSvnelobis mov-lenebis epoqaSi, Cveni Taoba warsulsa da awmyos Soris aRmoCnda gamomwyvdeuli. uari vTqviT wynar, mSvid, usa-frTxo yofaze da Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis JiniT Sepyrobilebma umravlesobisTvis gaucnobierebel moma-vals davuWireT mxari. uTuod iyo bevri gamarjveba da si-xaruli, gvaqvs axali qveyana, romelic uTod gaxdeba bev-rad ukeTesi. amasTan, gvqonda samarcxvino ZmaTamkvleli Sinaomebi, davkargeT qveynis teritoriis erTi mexuTedi (imedia, droebiT!), mdinare engurTan vixileT ruseTisagan zurgamagrebulTa mier Cvenze Zlevis damacirebeli fei-erverki, afxazeTidan otebuli aseul aTasobiT qarTveli, romelTac dRemde umZimes pirobebSi uwevT arsebobisTvis brZola.

ra gamogvivida da ra ara, amas dro da istoria gansjis. kanonzomierebaa, rom axali, ufro gonieri da ganaTle-buli Taobebi momavalSic Secvlian xelisuflebas da wes-wyobilebas. es aris, rom manamde miwa da mamuli ar gagvisxvisdes, Cveni bedis gamgeblad Cvenve davrCeT, uc-xoTa moimede da xelebSi Semyure manqurTebi ar gavxdeT, radgan amiT da aqedan iwyeba qveynis daSla-daqucmaceba, eris gadagvareba, msoflios mbrZanebelTa CrdilSi uCi-nari gauCinareba.

Cven morwmune, niWieri da Sromismoyvare, magram oboli eri varT, amitomac bevrjer gavmxdarvarT mrisxane impe-riebis Zalmomreobis msxverpli. Zveli magaliTebis mox-

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moba rad aris saWiro, _ ruseTis imperiam, ai, TiTqmis ax-laxan, me-19 saukunis 60-ian wlebSi maxviliT da Taflak-veriT afxazebisgan gawminda afxazeTi, me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi ki qarTvelebisgan. ar meeWveba, rom Cvens Tanamedrove msofliosac ganagebs Zalis samarTali, ami-tom frTxilad unda viyoT da gadarCenis erTaderT gzad Sida erToba davisaxoT, mivutevoT erTmaneTs da Catexi-li xidebi aRvadginoT afxazebTan, mamulSi davbrundeT. es savsebiT realuria, Tu qarTvelTa da afxazTa erTob-livi gadarCenisTvis winaparTa adaT-wesebsa da tradi-ciebs ar vuRalatebT da ufro moqnili politikis gzas davadgebiT.

sazogadoebrivi praqtikis (eqsperimentis) sazomi, cxa-dia, misi istoriuli alternativaa; Cven gulwrfelad, lamis gulubryvilod viwameT demokratia, rogorc Ta-visufal adamianTa saerTo neba, samarTliani kanonebis uzenaesoba, zogadsakacobrio uflebebiT aRWurvili da realurad daculi adamiani. axla vxvdebiT, rom, Turme, ase martivad ar yofila saqme; gagviWirda, Zalian gagvi-Wirda, amitomac gasagebia keTilSobili amboxi arsebuli realobis winaaRmdeg, romlis erTaderTi wamali isev de-mokratiaa _ xelisuflebaze xalxis, demosis, legitimuri batonobis damyareba. es SeZles bevrgan, uTuod SevZlebT Cvenc, Tu saxelmwifo, rogorc frangi ganmanaTleblebi brZaneben, SeZlebulTa darajis movaleobisgan ganTavi-sufldeba.

esaa am wignis mTavari saTqmeli, _ realuri, konkretu-li, xSirad metismetad mZime, magram, utyuari da faqtebiT gajerebuli. mixaria, rom am wlebSi bevri ram Seicvala uke-Tesobisken, qarTuli saxelmwifo, sazogadoeba, Jurnali-stika kvlavac ZiebaSia, cdilobs uWirisuflos xalxs da qveyanas, Tumca Ria Wriloba _ okupirebuli teritoriebi,

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iq darCenili mosaxleoba jerac amaod elodeba Svebas da Svelas _ metismetad gaWianurda SeiaraRebuli konfli-qtis Sedegebis daZleva, postkonfliqturi labirinTidan Tavis daRweva.

mirCevdnen wignis garekanze Cemi yrmobis fotosuraTi gamometana, raTa moZRvris rolSi ar gamovsuliyavi. ar daveTanxme. ase mgonia, rom mamulze usaSvelo fiqris, bra-zis da dardisgan qancgaclili axalgazrda mamuliSvilic guliani, magram uZalo moxuciviTaa, romelic vera da ver Selevia damwvar da gavelurebul qalaqebsa da soflebs, winaparTa gaveranebul saflavebs, mravali Taobis nalo-liaveb ezo-yureebSi dasadgurebul Tavzardamcem mar-toobas.

rafiel gelantia

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qarTuli skolis bedi afxazeTSi

skola iseTive wmindaa erisa daqveynisTvis, rogorc RvTis saxli.

ilia

iRupeboda is eri, qveyana, saxelmwifo, ro-melsac aviwydeboda sakuTari skola da brmad baZavda an qeds uxrida sxvaTa skolas, ucxo stan-dartebsa da Rirebulebebs.

yvela gonieri mmarTveli, jansaRi sazogadoeba skolas uqmnida ganviTarebis xelsayrel pirobebs da amisTvis Zalas ar zogavda. WeSmaritebaa, rom skolis ganviTarebaSi, ganaTlebaSi Cadebuli ka-pitali dResac yvelaze momgebiania, Tanac, aqsio-maturia formula _ aswavle mSobliur enaze!

ueWvelia, adamianis TviTgamorkveva da iden-tifikacia, misi kuTvnileba ama Tu im erisadmi mTlianad damokidebulia imaze Tu romel enaze iwyebs mozardi swavlas, rogor aiTvisebs am ena-Si ganivTebul cnebebsa da kategoriebs, romlis gareSec eri ar aris eri. yvela qarTveli, rogorc wesi, `ai ia~-dan modis, eziareba civilizacias, mdidrdeba da amdidrebs sxva enebs, sxva kultu-rebs. axla, roca axal saqarTvelos vaSenebT da metad gviWirs yvelgan da yvelaferSi, droebiT davkargeT teritoriebi da patriotoba lamis sa-lanZRav sityvad gveqca (sanacvlod moduri gaxda fraza _ sadac fulia, iqaa Cemi samSoblo), droa skolas da maswavlebels mivxedoT da amiT saqarT-velos momavali gadavarCinoT.

afxazeTSi, samurzayanoSi, oqumSi 1851 wels pirveli skola gaixsna. im droisTvis es iyo erTaderTi saganma-naTleblo dawesebuleba afxazeTSi. qarTveli sazoga-

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doebriobisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis kategoriuli moTxovniT skola gaxsna ganaTlebis sakiTxebSi afxazeTSi Tbilisidan mivlenilma uaRresad ganaTlebulma adamian-ma, misionerma daviT maWavarianma.

me-19 saukunis 60-ian wlebSi samurzayanos terito- saukunis 60-ian wlebSi samurzayanos terito-60-ian wlebSi samurzayanos terito- wlebSi samurzayanos terito-samurzayanos terito- terito-riaze, bediaSi, dixazurgaSi, nabakevSi, CxorTolSi, gu-dixazurgaSi, nabakevSi, CxorTolSi, gu- nabakevSi, CxorTolSi, gu-nabakevSi, CxorTolSi, gu- CxorTolSi, gu-CxorTolSi, gu- gu-davasa da saberioSi TanmimdevrobiT gaixsna qarTuleno-saberioSi TanmimdevrobiT gaixsna qarTuleno- TanmimdevrobiT gaixsna qarTuleno-vani skolebi, romlebmac safuZveli Cauyares wignisa da codnis siyvaruls, qarTuli genisa da erovnuli sulis ganmtkicebas, riTac dResac, afxazeTisTvis am umZimes Jams, gamorCeulia es mxare, misi mravaltanjuli mosax-leoba.

ganaTlebis inspeqtorTa adreuli, 1864-186� wlebis an-1864-186� wlebis an- wlebis an-gariSebi adastureben, rom samurzayanos skolebSi swavle-samurzayanos skolebSi swavle- skolebSi swavle-ba, ZiriTadad qarTul enaze mimdinareobda, Tumca aswav-lidnen Sereulad da rusul enazec.

sainteresoa, rom �0-ani wlebis dasawyisidan aswavlid-�0-ani wlebis dasawyisidan aswavlid- wlebis dasawyisidan aswavlid-nen iakob gogebaSvilis `qarTul anbans,~ `deda enas,~ `bu-nebis kars,~ kalandariSvilis `rusuli enis damwyeb kurss qarTvelTaTvis,~ didebuliZis `ariTmetikul cnobars,~ uSinskis `bavSvTa samyaros.~

xelfasis simcire da mis miRebaSi arsebuli probleme-bi maswavlebels maSinac gamouvali problemebis winaSe ayenebda (rogor meordeba drodadro istoria!), magram maTi udidesi nawili axerxebda nayofierad, keTilsindi-sierad emuSava, arc Tavs vinmes aCagvrinebda da arc bavS-vebs, mosaxleobaSi nergavda sikeTes, zneobas, kacTmoyva-reobas, samSoblos da mamulis erTgulebas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom samurzayanoel, da saerTod, afxaze-samurzayanoel, da saerTod, afxaze- da saerTod, afxaze-Tis maswavleblebs, riTac da rogorc SeeZloT, exmare-bodnen qarTveli mwerlebi da sazogado moRvaweebi. utyu-ari wyaroebi mowmobs, rom dRevandelobisgan gansxvavebiT, afxazeTis mosaxleobaSi swavla-ganaTlebis ganviTareba

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sazogadoebis da qveynis SeZlebuli adamianebis erTerTi upirvelesi sazrunavi iyo.

pirveli samrevlo skola gudauTaSi 1884 gaixsna. 1884-1898 wlebSi samurzayanos Temebsa da soflebSi ukve ar- wlebSi samurzayanos Temebsa da soflebSi ukve ar-samurzayanos Temebsa da soflebSi ukve ar- Temebsa da soflebSi ukve ar-sebobda 22 skola, kerZod oqumSi, bediaSi, dixazurgaSi, saberioSi, gudavaSi, otobaiaSi, barRebSi, cxirSi, warCe-muxurSi, reCxSi, pirvel bediaSi, WuburxinjSi, TagilonSi, refi-SeSeleTSi, xumuSqurSi, CxorTolSi da qvemo cxirSi.

niSandoblivia, rom me-19 saukunis bolosTvis skolebis Senaxvis xarjebi sxvadasxva saqvelmoqmedo daxmarebebisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Senatanebis xarjze sistema-turad izrdeboda. saqarTvelos inteligencia, udidesi gulisyuriT adevnebda Tvalyurs afxazeTSi ganaTlebis ganviTarebas, gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis qveS iyo samurzayanos skolebi, romlebmac rusifikaciis Savbnel droSic Seinaxes da mouares, ar daTmes qarTuli ena da qar-Tuli cnobiereba.

afxazeTis tragikuli movlenebis Semdeg, 1993 wlidan separatistulma xelisuflebam afxazeTSi gaauqma qarTu-li enis statusi, qarTuli ena aikrZala saxelmwifo dawe-sebulebebsa da organizaciebSi, sayofacxovrebo urTier-TobaSic ki. daiwva, daixura, gaiZarcva qarTuli skolebi da skolamdeli dawesebulebebi, ganadgurda qarTuli wignebi, biblioTekebi, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom 1991_1992 saswavlo wels afxazeT-1991_1992 saswavlo wels afxazeT- saswavlo wels afxazeT-Si arsebobda 235 qarTuli da Sereuli zogadsaganmanaT-leblo saSualo, arasruli saSualo da dawyebiTi skola da ramdenime aseuli skolamdeli dawesebuleba.

1992-1993 saswavlo wels galis raionSi iyo 58 saSualo skola, maT Soris 5 sruli da arasruli rusuli skola, erTi Sereuli qarTul-afxazuri skola, 42 skolamdeli dawese-qarTul-afxazuri skola, 42 skolamdeli dawese- skola, 42 skolamdeli dawese-buleba. praqtikulad monoeTnikur _ qarTul raionSi, yve-monoeTnikur _ qarTul raionSi, yve- raionSi, yve-la erovnuli umciresobis da jgufis warmomadgenels hqon-

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da saSualeba eswavla mSobliur an misTvis sasurvel enaze. galis skolebi yovelTvis mzad iyvnen eswavlebinaT afxazu-ri ena, saskolo sagnebSi Seitanes kidec afxazuri enis swav-leba, magram afxazurenovani kadrebis deficitis gamo misi organizacia mxolod CxorTolis skolaSi moxerxda.

1993_1994 wlebSi, separatistuli reJimis iniciativiT daxures, dawves da gaanadgures yvela qarTuli skola, skolamdeli da skolisgareSe dawesebuleba, biblioTeka, daxoces ocze meti qarTveli maswavlebeli.

sayuradReboa, rom soxumis reJimma scada megruli (ad-gilobrivi qarTuli) daepirispirebina qarTuli enisTvis. amiT iyo ganpirobebuli galis raionuli gazeTis saxe-lis Secvla da misi rusul_afxazur_megrulad gamocemis dawyeba, megrul_afxazuri sasaubros da leqsikonis gamo-megrul_afxazuri sasaubros da leqsikonis gamo- sasaubros da leqsikonis gamo-cemis mcdeloba, rac adgilobrivi mosaxleobis aRSfoTe-bas waawyda da CaifuSa.

1994 wlidan afxazurma administraciam yvela Rones mi-marTa afxazeTis skolebidan qarTuli enis gasadevnad da rusul da afxazuri enebze swavlebis dasamkvidreblad. galSi arc erT pirvelklasels qarTul enaze ganaTle-bis miRebis saSualebas ar aZleven. akrZales saqarTvelos istoria, saqarTvelos geografia, sazogadoebaTmcodneo-sazogadoebaTmcodneo-ba. qarTuli ena erT-erTi rigiTi sagani gaxda.

1995 wlidan galis raionSi darCenili, dabrunebuli pe-dagogebi da mSoblebi Seudgnen qarTuli skolebis aRd-genas, ra Tqma unda, sakuTari sicocxlis riskis fasad. calkeul zRvispira soflebSi ukve aRdgenilia qarTuli skolebi. kvlav saxezea unikaluri triada_skola, ojaxi, sazogadoeba, anu afxazeTSi qarTuli enisa da erTiani sam-Soblos bedi ise mWidrod aris erTmaneTTan dakavSirebu-li, rom mosaxleoba Seegua yovelgvar ubedurebas, gansac-delsa da SiSs, magram ara skolis gaqrobas, qarTuli enisa da qarTuli skolis sikvdils!

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1998 wlis tragikuli movlenebis dros xelisuflebis xelSewyobiT, skolebis umetesoba gadmovida engurs ga-moRma, magram iq darCenilebma, viTarebis erTgvari stabi-lizaciis kvaldakval, kvlav ganagrZes saqmianoba. skole-bis garkveuli nawili ubrundeba mSobliur adgilebs. es procesi grZeldeba. Tavis droze yvelafers Tavisi saxeli daerqmeva, magram axlave SeiZleba iTqvas, rom afxazeTis qarTvel maswavlebelTa gmirobas, albaT, iSviaTad Tu mo-enaxeba analogi. yoveldRiurobaSi, rogorc wesi, es niS-navs dilis eqvs saaTze adgomas, SeiaraRebuli saguSagoe-bisa da blok-postebis gavlas, 10_12 kilometri manZilis qveiTad gadaadgilebas, yovelwuTier SiSs.

ratom wavarTviT galel bavSvebs uflisgan boZebuli ufleba iswavlon qarTul enaze?_kiTxvas svams afxazi qalbatoni manana bJania.

manana bJanias politikuri mizani naTelia (yovel SemTx-vevaSi formalurad) da komentaris aucilebloba ar aris, magram misi publikacia (qalaq soxumSi gamocemuli Jurna-li `samoqalaqo sazogadoeba,~ seqtemberi, �2, 2000w.) yur-�2, 2000w.) yur- 2000w.) yur-2000w.) yur- yur-adRebas imsaxurebs bevr sakiTxSi, maT Soris galSi arsebu-li viTarebisa da ganaTlebis problemebis TvalsazrisiT.

`sainformacio omi galSi wavageT _ aRniSnavs igi. galSi ar CaaqvT soxumSi gamocemuli arcerTi gazeTi da Jurna-li. samwuxarod, SeaqvT mxolod qarTuli gazeTebi. galSi ar gamodis gazeTi, Tumca arian kvalificiuri kadrebi. rogor vapirebT afxazeTSi galis raionis integrirebas, Tu adamianebs vtovebT sasurveli da CvenTvis sasargeblo informaciis gareSe? _ svams kiTxvas Sewuxebuli avtori da iqve agrZelebs: `Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom adamians hqondes arCevani, romel enaze iswavlos da ilaparakos. adamianis uflebis uxeS darRvevad mimaCnia, rom galel bavSvebs ara aqvT ufleba saSualo ganaTleba miiRon qar-Tul enaze. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba iZulebiT

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SemoviRoT afxazuri enis swavleba, es mxolod mis ukug-debas gamoiwvevs. . . galelebs wavarTvaT ufleba iswavlon qarTul skolaSi, igivea, rac iyo 50-ian wlebSi, roca daxu-50-ian wlebSi, roca daxu- wlebSi, roca daxu-res afxazuri skolebi. Zalze SemaSfoTebelia saxelmwifo Cinovnikebis pozicia, romlebic ukiduresad negatiurad aRiqvamen am Temaze saubris wamowyebasac ki. es sakiTxi ga-dasawyvetia Zalze operatiulad, sxvanairad Cven didxans ar gveqneba galis raionis mosaxleobis mxardaWera.~

ras moiTxoven galeli pedagogebi xelisuflebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebisgan?

1. afxazeTis problemis saboloo mowesrigebamde qvey-nis xelisuflebam ufro energiulad dauWiros mxari afxa-zeTSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis moTxovnas qarTuli enis statusis aRdgenisa da mSobliur enaze swavla-ganaTlebis (am etapze galis raionSi mainc) uzrunvelsayofad.

2. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ufro kategoriulad dasvas gaeros, euTos, konfliqtis mowesrigebaSi CarTuli saxelmwifoebis, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis institutebis winaSe ganaTlebis dargSi afxazeTSi arsebuli diskrimi-naciis, inteleqtualuri genocidisa da eTnikuri wmendis aRkveTis sakiTxi.

3. engurs gaRma skolebs meti moraluri da materialuri daxmareba, yuradReba da Tanadgoma gauwion gamoCenilma adamianebma, mwerlebma, poetebma, politikosebma, saqarT-velos sazogadoebriobam, saxelmwifom.

gulwrfeli ar viqnebiT, Tu ar aRvniSnavT imas, rac am mimarTulebiT keTdeba.

saqarTvelos parlamentis afxazeTis sakiTxTa droebiTma komisiam (Tavmjdomare vaxtang yolbaia), yve-komisiam (Tavmjdomare vaxtang yolbaia), yve- vaxtang yolbaia), yve-yve-la kompetenturi saministrosa da uwyebis, saerTaSori- kompetenturi saministrosa da uwyebis, saerTaSori-saerTaSori-so organizaciebis monawileobiT specialurad ganixila galis raionSi swavla_ganaTlebisa da qarTuli enis devnis sakiTxi da miiRo saTanado rekomendaciebi. galSi

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ganaTlebis mdgomareobis Taobaze saqmis kursSi Cayenebul iqna saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, megobari qveynebi. komisiam Sesabamisi masalebi warudgina gaeros, euTos, evrokavSiris adamianis ufleba damcvel samsaxurebs, aseve, gaerosa da euTos galSi mdgomareobis Semfasebel komisias. aRniSnulma komisiam adgilze SemowmebiT daadastura wardgenili masalebis obieqturoba da viTarebis simZime.

yovelive amis Semdeg gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos ramdenime rezoluciaSi Caiwera afxazeTSi qarTuli enisa da qarTuli skolis devnis Taobaze, Tumca mdgomareoba ramdenadme ar Secvlila.

martivi gadasawyveti ar aRmoCnda engurs gaRma skolebis dafinansebis da xelfasebis sistematurad gacemis sakiTxi, Tumca qveynis prezidentma saTanado instanciebs mosTxova problemis mogvareba da engursgaR-engursgaR-ma skolebis pedagogebma garkveuli finansuri daxmareba miiRes.

samwuxarod, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri krizisis gamo, 2001 wlis biujetSi galis skolebis dafinanseba ar qna gaTvaliswinebuli.

ueWvelia, rom galis raioni manamde iqneba qarTuli, sanam iq iswavlian da gaufrTxildebian qarTul enas, Seinaxaven da ganaviTareben qarTul skolas.

`dilis gazeTi~,4 maisi, 2001w.

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galelebi maisis tragediamac ver gatexa

mudmivi SiSi, Zaladoba, ganukiTxaoba, autane-li siduxWire, gaurkvevloba, cxadia, fizikurad da sulierad fitavs adamianebs.

sulisSemxuTvelia okupaciisa da aneqsiis ata-na. warmoudgenelia im mdgomareobis Segneba, roca gaugebar enaze molaparake ukeTurebi (Tanac Sei-araRebuli) zemodan giyureben, abuCad gigdeben, xmas ar amogaRebineben, araraobad migiCneven.

galis raionSi, faqtiurad ar arsebobs xeli-sufleba. gamefebulia kriminaluri ganukiTxao-ba, TareSoben dsT-s qveynebidan, saqarTvelos da sakuTriv afxazeTis qalaqebidan gadmoxvewi-li kriminaluri bandebi. isini Zarcvaven mosax-leobas, arTmeven lukmapurs, Slian SemorCenili Senoba-nagebobebs, rkinigzis, eleqtro uzrun-velyofis, wyalmomaragebisa da kanalizaciis si-stemebs, jarTad gaaqvT unikaluri mowyobiloba-ni da danadgarebi, Cexaven endemur tyeebs da qar-safar zolebs.

afxazeTSi dRemde grZeldeba eTnikuri wmenda. sistemu-ri xasiaTi aqvs SeiaraRebul dapirispirebebs, mZevlad ay-vanas, daSinebas, terors, adamianebiT vaWrobas, iRupebian qarTvelebic da afxazebic.

bolo dros galis raionSi daufaravad avrceleben narkotikebs, amkvidreben iaraRis kults, prostitucias, Zaladobas, cdiloben gaaufasuron tradiciuli adaT-wesebi, ebrZvian qarTul skolas, mSobliur enas, qmnian mo-saxleobis garusebis garemos, adgilobriv mcxovreblebSi Tesen eWvsa da undoblobas, SuRlisa da mtrobas.

afxazur arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa warmomadgen-lebi aRniSnaven, rom galSi ufro mZime mdgomareobaa, vid-

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re mTlianad afxazeTSi. maTi dakvirvebiT, galSi gamoi-kveTa qarTul-afxazuri dapirispirebis mTeli speqtri, rac ganapirobebs mosaxleobis gausaZlis yofas; galis raionSi gamefebulia ekonomikuri, socialuri, politi-kuri uufleboba, warTmeuli aqvT erovnuli TviTidenti-fikaciis saSualeba _ mSobliuri ena. bavSvebs ukrZalaven iswavlon qarTul enaze da daamTavron skola, aiZuleben iswavlon afxazuri ena; mosaxleoba sainformacio vaku-umSia. aralegalurad da kanti-kuntad SeaqvT qarTuli gazeTebi Tbilisidan, Seferxebulia saqarTvelos radio da telemauwyeblobis gavrceleba. teqnikuri mizeziT Sez-Rudulia rusulenovani sainformacio arxebic. soxumis xelSewyobiT qalaq galSi gaxsnili ori komerciuli saka-belo televizia sadReRamiso reJimSi qadagebs Zaladobas, uzneobasa da garyvnilebas.

galSi arcerTi sawarmo da dawesebuleba ar muSaobs, da-brunebuli mosaxleoba praqtikulad dausaqmebelia. adre gaxsnili savaWro jixurebi ixureba. afxazebi cdiloben SeinarCunon TavianTi savaWro obieqtebi, sadac dasaqme-buli hyavT soxumidan da afxazeTis sxva regionebidan Ca-moyvanili axloblebi.

saRamoobiT raionSi sicocxle kvdeba komendantis saa-Tis gamo.

erTaderTi, rasac galelebi kvlavac wmindad inaxa-ven, esaa gardacvlilTa gadasveneba mSobliur adgilebSi, micvalebulTa gapatiosneba da sakralurad miCneuli ri-tualis aRsruleba.

mosaxleoba wlebis ganmavlobaSi iTxovs eklesiebis amoqmedebas, magram uSedegod. saamiso sababi yovelTvis gamoinaxa; jer iyo sofel WuburxinjSi gzispira mdebare eklesiis Senobis aRdgenis SeuZlebloba, Semdgom rusuli enis mcodne mRvdlis povna, magram, roca saqme saqmeze mid-ga, sxva argumenti gamoinaxa uaris saTqmelad. es sakiTxi

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afxazebsac awuxebT, vinaidan bevr maTgans bavSvi mosanaT-lad engurs gamoRma gadmohyavs, Tanac farulad da SiSis qveS. soxumisa da afxazeTis e.w. mRvdelmTavari aflia (fi-lia) galis mosaxleobas hpirdeba eklesiis gaxsnas Tu da-Tanxmdebian mRvdelmsaxurebis rusul da afxazur enebze aRsrulebas.

galSi avtotransporti arsebiTad ar aris, cxeni da ure-mi transportis ZiriTadi saxea.

sasoflo saavadmyofoebi, rogorc wesi, ganadgurebu-lia. afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis jandacvis sami-nistrom ramdenime TemSi aRadgina otobaiis, oqumisa da sa-berios saavadmyofoebi, ase xuTiode sasoflo ambulato-ria, romelTac amaragebs medikamentebiT, magram es zRvaSi wveTia. raionis gaZarcul centralur saavadmyofos wiTe-li jvari da rigi sxva saerTaSoriso organizacia inaxavs, magram iq pacientis gamokvleva da seriozul samedicino Careva SeuZlebelia. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Sveba iyo eqimTa brigadebis Casvla Tbilisidan, romlebmac orasam-de gadaudebeli qirurgiuli operacia Caatares, asobiT adamians gauwies daxmareba.

RvTis anabaradaa mitovebuli invalidebi, xeibrebi, moxucebi, fexmZime qalebi, bavSvebi, gansakuTrebiT, Cvile-bi, romelTa Soris sikvdilianoba aTjer aRemateba qveynis saSualo maCvenebels. siZviris gamo xelmiuwvdomelia wam-lebi, medikamentebi, uamravi umweo da tanjuli adamiani elodeba Tavis bunebriv aRsasruls.

galSi dabrunebulad miiCneven 35-45 aTas devnils. re-alurad dabrunebulTa maqsimaluri raodenoba fiqsirde-ba sasoflo-sameurneo sezonis periodSi. dabrunebisTvis e.w. sazRvris gadakveTis mosakrebeli da baJia gadasaxde-li. enguris pirvelad gadalaxvis SemTxvevaSi afxazuri uSiSroebis samsaxuri atarebs mokvlevas nebarTvis doku-mentis gasacemad.

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umTavresi problema dabrunebulTa usafrTxoebaa. aq moulodnelobisgan aravinaa dazRveuli. afxazuri poli-cia danaSaulis Sesaxeb Setyobinebaze, rogorc wesi, ver reagirebs, gansakuTrebiT Ramis saaTebSi. gaeros damkvir-veblebic Tavs arideben SemTxvevis adgilze gasvlas. rai-onSi qarTuli policiis aRdgenaze saubari uSedegod das-rulda. evropel policielebs (germanuli) ki kargi xania elodebian, magram amaod.

saerTaSoriso organizaciebma ver moaxerxes galSi gae-ros da euTos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ofisis an misi soxumis filialis gaxsna. afxazuri mxare aRniSnuli ofi-sis gaxsnis kategoriuli winaaRmdegia.

raionSi akrZalulia politikuri partiebis an maTi fi-lialebis Seqmna. dauSvebelia mitingebi, demonstraciebi, protestis gamoxatvis nebismieri sxva forma. dauSvebelia nebismieri demokratiuli institutis Seqmna. egreTwode-buli adgilobrivi, saparlamento Tu saprezidento ar-Cevnebi tardeba amomrCevelTa monawileobis gareSe.

miuxedavad amisa afxazeTis qarTvelebs Zval-rbilSi aqvT gamjdari samSoblos, mamulis, erovnuli TviTmyo-fadobis upirobo SenarCunebis, winaparTa saflavebisT-vis pativis migebis rwmena, rac maTTvis sikvdilis SiSzec Zlieria. es adamianebi mzad arian yvela saSualebebiT ibrZolon da daicvan sakuTari miwa-wyali. soxumis reJi-mi uamrav galels partizanebad moixseniebs. sinamdvileSi isini Cveulebrivi adamianebi arian, _ qalebi, kacebi, mozar-debi, romelTac sxva arCevani ar dautoves. maT iuridiuli normebiT veravin gaasamarTlebs, radgan aqvT sruliad na-Teli mizani _ daubrundnen sakuTar ezo-karsa da adamian-ur cxovrebas.

samwuxarod, afxazeTidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa bedi metad mZimea saqarTvelos regionebSic. maisis mov-lenebis Semdeg mravali xelaxla devnili Camovida saqarT-

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velos dedaqalaqSi. maT aqac uamravi problema daxvdaT, Tumca aq meti gasaqania dasaqmebisa da sicocxlis Sesanar-Cuneblad;

arc “Zvel” da arc xelaxlad devnils TbilisSic ar aqvs elementaruli saSualeba pirvelad jandacvas mimar-Tos. Tu fexi mogtyda an sxva organo dagizianda, seni Se-geyara, saxelisuflebo derefnebSi ramdenime kvira unda itrialo, gavleniani adamianebi monaxo, raTa e.w. sagaran-tio werili miiRo da “garantirebulTa” rigSi Cadge. dev-nilebis kanoni iTvaliswinebs samedicino daxmarebas, ma-gram masze realurad mxolod gamonaklisebs miuwvdebaT xeli. aranakleb rTulia sacxovrebeli farTis gamonaxva. skolebsa da saavadmyofoebSi adre bevri Casaxlda upro-blemod, magram iq elementaruli saarsebo pirobebi ar arsebobs. rac Seexeba sacxovreblad SedarebiT adaptire-bul saxelmwifo Senobebs, sawarmoebsa da dawesebulebebs, Tumca umoqmedos, axla aravin gagakarebs e.w. SeWris gare-Se. etyoba, saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi jer kidev aRricxul Senoba-nagebobebs Turme hyavT uCinmaCini (magram realuri) patronebi, romelTa emisrebi maSinaTve Tavze dagayeneben samarTaldamcavebs, an “Savi biWebiT” dagaSineben, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, xelsayrel garigebas SemogTavazeben. devnil-Ta saministro da xelisufleba, rogorc wesi, uZluria da am movlebis miCumaTebiT Semoifargleba. erTi sityviT, afxazeTelebs arc dedaqalaqSi aqvT dalxenili cxovreba da yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba uxdebaT. sxvebs sxvagan wa-sasvleli ara aqvT, amitomac rCebian engurgamoRma, gal-elebis didi nawili ki kvlav mSobliur kuTxes daubrunda da ubrundeba dRemde.

1998 wlis maisSi axali tragedia daatexes Tavs gal-elebs. xelisuflebisa da calkeul avantiuristTa uazro da uTavbolo moqmedebis Sedegad soxumis reJimma da misma mxardamWerebma xelaxla gaZarcves da gadawves galis ra-

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ioni, gaJlites mSvidobiani adamianebi, kvlav devnilad aq-cies dabrunebuli qarTuli mosaxleoba.

samwuxarod, maisis tragediis mizezebi dRemde ucno-bia, arc organizatorebsa da provokatorebs dakisrebiaT pasuxismgebloba.

cxadia, rom axalma tragediam Searyia, magram ver gatexa galelebi, maTi meoba, simtkice, marad qarTvelad darCenis uryevi neba.

dro da istoria, albaT, imaT wvlilsac Seafasebs, vinc ubiZga galis tragedias, vinc ikisra SedegebisTvis pasu-xismgebloba, magram ver an ar gaakeTa Tavisi sakeTebeli, vinc idedla da iorgula.

`dilis gazeTi~, 26 maisi, 2001w.

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konfederantebi afxazeTSi

afxazeTis 1992-1993 wlebis movlenebSi ruseTis moqa-laqeebis, maTs Soris, CrdiloeT kavkasielTa monawileo-bis Sesaxeb bevri iTqva da daiwera. zogi maT volontere-bad moixseniebs, zogic konfederantebad, sxvebic daqira-vebul Tu moxalise meomrebad, Tumca maT Soris arsebiTi gansxvaveba, albaT, arc aris.

miuxedavad afxazeTis ZmaTamkvlel omSi Crdilo kav-kasiel mebrZolTa daufaravi monawileobisa, qarTvelo-bas, rogorc wesi, afxazeTis tragediis Semdegac miaCnia, rom CrdiloeT kavkasieli xalxebi arian saqarTvelos istoriuli mezoblebi da axloblebi, Tumca, afxazeTis ZmaTamkvlel omSi moxalised Casuli bevri kavkasieli ga-morCeuli sisastikiT xocavda qarTvelebs, Zarcvavda ad-gilobriv mosaxleobas, gahqonda qoneba, wvavda qalaqebsa da soflebs.

Cveni xalxebis mravalsaukunovan urTierTobaSi es sa-marcxvino laqaa, romlis daviwyeba SeuZlebelia, magram misi negatiuri Sedegebis daZleva da tradiciuli keTil-mezoblobis aRdgena aucilebelia. es saWiroa Cveni da mo-mavali TaobebisTvis, radgan Znelad misatevebeli codve-bis ganmeorebis albaToba kvlavac maRalia.

dasturad mravali argumenti arsebobs, maT Soris, Tundac afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebis Tavdacvis mi-nistrad yabardoelis, kavkasiis e.w. mTiel xalxTa konfe-deraciis lideris, kavkasiel moxaliseTa mTavarsardlis, afxazeTis omis gmiris, ruseTis moqalaqis general-lei-tenant ruslan soslanalievis daniSvna, rac SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos. eWvs isic amZafrebs, rom Zalovani struqtu-rebis xelmZRvanelebs ratomRac niSnavs de-faqto afxa-zeTis vice-prezidenti raul xajinba da ara prezidenti sergei baRafSi.

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afxazeTis omSi moxaliseTa rolisa da adgilis Taoba-ze istoria Tavis droze ityvis saTqmels, Tumca arc axla aris zedmeti sazogadoebis yuradRebis mipyroba imaze Tu visi daxmarebiT da xelSewyobiT SeiaraRdnen konfederan-tebi, ra funqcia daekisraT maT didi politikis saWadrako dafaze da ranairi iqneboda maTi pozicia movlenaTa sxvag-vari ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi. iqneb, dadga dro, msoflio-Si amJamad arsebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, axlebu-rad iqnas gaazrebuli mTiel xalxTa tragikuli istoria, misi winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTi mTlianobaSi da gansakuTre-biT XVI_XX saukuneebSi.

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom afxazeTSi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dawyebamde didi xniT adre, kerZod, 1989 wlis 25-26 agvistos soxumSi Catarda e.w. kavkasiis mTiel xalx-Ta pirveli yriloba, romelmac Seqmna mTiel xalxTa asam-blea; mogvianebiT, 1991 wlis 1-2 noembers, kvlav soxumSi Catarda kavkasiis mTiel xalxTa asambleis I I I yriloba, ro-melSic monawileobdnen abazi, afxazi, adiRi, CeCeni, yabar-doeli, osi, Cerqezi da sxva xalxTa warmomadgenlebi da miiRes gadawyvetileba asambleis kavkasiis mTiel xalxTa konfederaciad (kmxk) gardaqmnis Taobaze, SeimuSaves sa-Tanado deklaracia. yrilobam kmxk-s dedaqalaqad soxumi gamoacxada.

movlenaTa Semdgomma ganviTarebam cxadi gaxada, rom im etapze konfederantTa mizani iyo damoukidebeli saqarT-velos daSineba, mis kiserze yulfis Camocma, afxazeTis Camocileba, rasac aTasobiT mSvidobiani adamianis sicocx-le Seewira da kidev ufro CaixlarTa kavkasiuri gordias kvanZi.

afxazeTSi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dawyebis erTi kviris Tavze, 1992 wlis 21 agvistos, konfederaciis prezi-dentma Sanibovma da parlamentis Tavmjdomarem soslanbe-kovma gamoaqveynes brZanebuleba da konfederaciis yvela

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Stabs da SeiaraRebul razmebs daavales afxazeTSi moxa-liseTa Seuferxebeli gadasvlis uzrunvelyofa, ufro me-tic, qarTvelTa mier winaaRmdegobis gawevis SemTxvevaSi, brZolebSi Cabma.

faqtia, rom konfederantTa mowodebiT da daxmarebiT uamravi moxalise, kargad SeiaraRebuli da gawvrTnili kmxk-s mebrZoli, Tavgadasavlebis maZiebeli kazaki Tu sxva ucxoqveyneli mTeli saomari periodi Sedioda afxazeTSi. maT ar akldaT fuli, iaraRi, saomari disciplina, fana-tizmi.

15 agvistos, daba `ganTiadSi~ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sabWos sazRvao desantis gadasxmis dResve, konfederant-Ta pirveli razmi sulTan soslanalievis meTaurobiT Se-vida gudauTaSi da ganaxorcieles qalaqis gamagrebis Ro-nisZiebani.

16 agvistos soxumze pirveli ieriSi miitana yabardoel-Ta razmma.

imdroindeli mediis informaciiT (qarTuli da Crdi-loeTkavkasiuri), omis pirveli dReebidanve afxazeTSi masobrivad aRwevdnen moxaliseebi sabrZolo iaraRiTa da aRWurvilobiT; agvistos bolosTvis CeCnebma groznoSi Seqmnes Zlieri SeiaraRebuli dajgufeba da gadaisroles afxazeTSi.

19 agvistos tyvarCelis mosaxleobam danebeba moiTxova da TeTri bairaRi aRmarTa. politikuri da humanitaruli motiviT qarTuli jari tyvarCelSi ar iqna Seyvanili; es samxedro-strategiuli Secdoma iyo, riTac, SemdgomSi Se-saniSnavad isargebles konfederantebma e.w. afxazeTis aR-mosavleTis frontis Sesaqmnelad; bzifis xeoba, romelic omis pirvel etapze, daqiravebulTa afxazeTSi SeRwevis mTavari gza iyo, mogvianebiT gafarTovda da Seivso tyvar-Celis metad moxerxebuli strategiuli placdarmiT.

konfliqtis pirvel dReebSi moxaliseebi rusebis mxri-

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dan TiTqosda garkveul winaaRmdegobas awydebodnen, re-alurad ki maTi transportireba zRvidan da haeridan ru-seTis satransporto saSualebebiT xdeboda. 21 agvistodan ki, anu afxazeTis datovebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos xeli-suflebisadmi gamocxadebuli ultimatumis vadis amowur-vis dRidan, moxaliseebs neba darTes yovelgvari saSuale-biT SeeRwiaT afxazeTSi, CrdiloeT kavkasiis teritoriaze yvela qarTveli mZevlad gamoacxades, Tbilisi ki ubedu-rebis zonad.

imave dRes, 21 agvistos, konfederantebma eSeris da-saxlebaSi Camoagdes saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis vertmfreni, biWvinTidan gaitaces samxedro katarRa.

25 agvistos afxazTa razmebma da konfederantebma pir-veli Seteva wamoiwyes mdinare gumisTaze qarTuli pozi-ciebis dasaZlevad, magram bevri mebrZoli dakarges da ukuiqcnen. amieridan maTs saomar taqtikaSi umTavresi gax-da moulodneli Tavdasxma da swrafi ukandaxeva.

26 agvistos, imisTvis, rom qarTvelTa mimarT loialu-rad ganwyobili afxazebisTvis `mamacobis~ gakveTilebi CaetarebinaT, konfederantebi moulodnelad Tavs daesx-nen soxums da rkinigzis vakisamde SesZles gasvla, Tumca didi danakargi naxes da qalaqi datoves; uaxloes dReebSi igive gaimeores gagraSi.

ruseTis yofilma prezidentma boris elcinma im dReebSi farisevlurad ganacxada, rom `mTlianad mxars uWers sa-qarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas da miRebuli iqneba yvela zoma, raTa CrdiloeT kavkasiam mxari ar dauWiros separatistebs.~

3 seqtembers moskovSi Catarda umaRlesi donis Sexvedra saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauris eduard SevardnaZe-sa da ruseTis prezidentis boris elcinis monawileobiT. SexvedraSi aseve monawileobdnen afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis legitimuri da separatisti liderebi, Crdi-

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loeT kavkasiis respublikebis, ruseTis samxreTis mxaree-bisa da olqebis xelmZRvanelebi. Sexvedris oficialuri Canawerebi adasturebs, rom ruseTis prezidentma vladis-lav arZinba da Tamaz nadareiSvili aiZula molaparakebis magidasTan damsxdariyvnen da xeli moeweraT SeTanxme-bisTvis. qarTuli mxaris iniciativiT am Sexvedraze daedo saTave marTebul termins „konfliqti afxazeTSi` da ara „qarTul_afxazuri konfliqti,` romelic, samwuxarod, dRemde SemorCa saerTaSoriso dokumentebs.

Sexvedris yvela monawilem xeli moawera xelSekrule-bas `cecxlis Sewyvetisa da mxareTa daSoriSorebis Sesa-xeb;~ am dokumentis mixedviT 5 seqtembridan unda Sewyve-tiliyo yovelgvari saomari moqmedeba, ukanono SeiaraRe-buli formirebebi daSliliyo da daetovebinaT afxazeTis teritoria, ruseTis generalur prokuraturaSi ki aRZru-liyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi ruseTis moqalaqeTa mi-marT, romlebic ibrZodnen afxazeTSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom moskovis Sexvedramde, mxareTa Soris soWis 29 agvistos morigebiT, gamocxadebuli iyo morato-riumi aqtiuri saomari moqmedebebis warmoebaze, magram 31 agvistos konfederantebma da separatistTa razmebma far-TomasStabiani saomari moqmedeba wamoiwyes qvemo eSera-Si, raTa eCvenebinaT afxazuri mxaris Zlierebis `koziri~ moskovis molaparakebebSi, Tumca mterma umZimesi danakar-gi ganicada, dakarga mravali daqiravebuli mebrZoli da moxalise.

moskovis SeTanxmebiT deklarirebuli valdebulebebi ar Sesrulebula, e.w. Sesvenebis periodi kargad gamoiyenes konfederantebma; uReltexilebidan grZeldeboda daqi-ravebulTa axali razmebis gadmosvla afxazeTSi, iaraRis da aRWurvilobis Semozidva.

1992 wlis seqtembris dasawyisSi konfederantebi ty-varCelSic gamoCndnen da aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedeba wa-

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moiwyes; maT mier am qalaqSi organizebul iqna iaraRis war-moeba, moewyo samxedro vertmfrenebis asafren-dasafreni moedani. e.w. afxazeTis aRmosavleTis fronts gansakuTre-buli funqcia daekisra.

2� seqtembridan, konfederantTa mowodebiT, daqirave-bulTa axali razmebi gudauTisken daiZrnen. daiwyo samz-adisi bzifis frontze garRvevisTvis.

1 oqtombers mamziSxas mTaze gamagrebulma konfeder-antebma da afxazebma, uaxlesi rusuli mZime teqnikis mxar-daWeriT, daiwyes Seteva zRvaze gasasvlelad. utevdnen zRvidanac. saRamos aiRes sofeli kolxida da RamiT gagris gareubnebSi SeaRwies.

2 oqtombers gagra daeca. gagraSi, aseve, kolxidaSi da sxva dasaxlebul punqtebSi gaJlites umweo qarTveli mo-saxleoba. qalaqi gagra sisxlSi abanaves. msgavsi ram qarT-velTa da afxazTa istoriaSi arasdros yofila, vinaidan velurobis sindromi, rogorc wesi, afxazebs, Tundac omSi, ar axasiaTebT.

eqspertebSi miCneulia, rom konfederantTa saqcielis istorias axsna aqvs. saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeTkavkasie-li xalxebis mravalsaukunovani urTierTobis manZilze iyo partnioruli da vasaluri urTierTobebi, magram iyo periodebi, roca maTi mxridan adgili hqonda yaCaRur TareSebs, gaugonar sisastikes, adamianebisa da saqonlis gatacebas, Zalis gamoyenebiT barSi Camosaxlebis uamrav mcdelobas da sxva.

msgavsi movlenebi kidev ufro gvarwmunebs kulturis e.w. aqselogiuri, anu RirebulebiT kriteriumebze dayrd-nobili gansazRvrebebis uzustobaSi, roca kulturis ma-xasiaTeblad miiCneva mxolod dadebiTi, progresis xel-Semwyobi, humanuri movlenebi ama Tu im xalxis cxovreba-Si. garkveul situaciebsa da viTarebaSi xdeba xolme, rom amJamad anaqronizmad miCneuli sadizmi, sisastike `maTi

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istoriuli mexsierebidan gamococxldeba~ da e.w. sasi-cocxlo uzrunvelyofis sistemis komponentad iqceva.

3 oqtombers, groznoSi Catarebul morig yrilobaze, kmxk-m saxeli Seicvala da dairqva kavkasiel xalxTa konfe-deracia (kxk); yrilobam moiTxova kavkasiel xalxTa Soris politikuri, ekonomikuri da samxedro kavSirebis damyare-ba, afxazeTis, samxreT oseTis da CeCneTis damoukideblo-ba. ruseTma, rogorc yovelTvis, am faqts wauyrua, Tumca es iyo Ria da seriozuli Careva saqarTvelos saSinao saq-meebSi. amieridan moxaliseebi Seuferxeblad Sediodnen afxazeTSi, `krasnaia polianis~ bazebidan gadahqondaT iaraRi da aRWurviloba. konfederantTa da separatist-Ta strategiaSi axali mowodeba gaCnda: `Cven unda aviRoT soxumi, mere gaviseirnoT mdinare enguramde, arsad Sev-CerdeT,~ rac Seasrules kidec.

am strategiiT iyo nakarnaxevi sabrZolo moqmedebis axa-li frontis gaxsna oCamCiris raionSi. am miznis misaRwevad konfederantebma seriozuli samzadisi daiwyes. gudauTa-Si ganaTavses kxk-s samxedro sabWo da Stabi, romelic gaxda yvela samxedro moqmedebis sakoordinacio centri.

ruseTis pirdapiri daxmarebiT mokle droSi sabolood Camoyalibda aRmosavleTis fronti. gavrcelda xma, rom frontis araformaluri meTauri gaxda imJamad sakmaod cnobili CeCeni boeviki, ruseTSi teraqtebis organizato-ri, sastiki da daundobeli Samil basaevi.

29-30 noembers konfederantebma da separatisteb-ma oCamCiris raionSi qarTul poziciebs Seuties, magram waawydnen ra moulodnel winaaRmdegobas, ukuiqcnen. mi-uxedavad amisa, maT moaxerxes afxazeTis erTerTi udi-desi da umdidresi, ZiriTadad qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli sofel koCaras aReba, mosaxleobis gaJleta, saxlebis ga-dawva da moxerxebuli samxedro placdarmis dakaveba.

1992 wlis bolosTvis, garedan Zlieri materialuri da

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teqnikuri daxmarebiT, mowinaaRmdegem moaxerxa tyvarCe-lis gamagreba da yvela mimarTulebiT Setevaze gadasvla. damkvreli birTvi konfederantebi iyvnen, rolebic, ro-gorc wesi, adgilobriv afxazebs ar endobodnen; cnobi-lia, rom konfederantTa sardlobam oCamCiris raionis te-ritoriaze sastiki terori gaaCaRa, yvela afxazi, qali Tu kaci, valdebuli gaxda monawileoba mieRo omSi, winaaRmde-goba ueWvel sikvdils niSnavda.

afxazuri armia ar ganicdida SeiaraRebis da cocxali Zalis naklebobas; isini iaraRs Rebulobdnen rusuli baze-bidan, dReSi ramdenime vertmfreni (e.w. humanitaruli mi-sia) eSveboda tyvarCelSi. afxazeTSi Tavmoyril mebrZol-Ta raodenoba ukve didad aRemateboda saxelmwifo sabWos jarisa da adgilobriv molaSqreTa raodenobas.

1993 wlis 5 ianvars konfederantebma da afxazebma gu-misTasTan wamoiwyes Seteva, magram didi danakargebis gamo operacia Sewyvites.

1993 wlis 15 marts konfederantebma da separatistebma kargad dagegmili da momzadebuli samxedro operacia dai-wyes gumisTis frontze. mizani soxumis aReba iyo. SetevaSi rCeuli, Tavidan fexamde SejavSnuli ruseTis specialuri daniSnulebis razmebic monawileobdnen. mterma qarTvel-Ta Tavdacva gaarRvia aCadarasTan.

qarTvelTa mxridan jer TavdacviTi, Semdeg Setevis operacia brwyinvaled ganxorcielda. brZola e.w. afxazu-ri armiis da maTi mxardamWerebis sruli kraxiT dasrul-da, maTi aseulobiT mebrZoli da sabrZolo teqnika brZo-lis velze darCa. 18 marts gawmendis operacia damTavr-da. qarTvelebmac asze meti meomari dakarges. gudauTaSi erTkviriani glova gamocxadda.

cxadi gaxda, rom qarTvelebze ricxobrivad meti kon-federantebi da separatistebi uZluri iyvnen pirispir brZolebSi daemarcxebinaT qarTvelebi. konfederantTa

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sardlobam, arsebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, daiwyo axali taqtikis realizacia; soxums TandaTanobiT aqcevd-nen alyaSi, iRebdnen qalaqis irgvliv mdebare strategiul simaRleebs, umowyalod bombavdnen sacxovrebel ubnebs. paralelurad partizanuli brZolebi gaaCaRes oCamCiris teritoriaze da mimdebare raionebSi.E moskovSi gadawyve-tili iyo soxumis da afxazeTis aReba.

moxaliseebma da afxazebma, ruseTis generalitetis dax-marebiT da umZimesi msxverplis fasad, xelSi Caigdes soxu-mis gareubnis maRlobebi. imavdroulad aRmosavleTis frontma daiwyo mzadeba, raTa gadaeWra senaki_leseliZis mTavari gzatkecili da rkinigza.

1 ivliss, gamTeniisas, separatistebma da maTma mxardam-Werebma kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli 300 mebrZoli gadasxes zRvidan. medesanteebi ruseTis armiis elitaruli nawile-bis oficrebi, brZolebSi gamocdili kazakebi da Crdilo-eT kavkasielebi iyvnen. maT unda SeerTeboda aRmosavleTis frontis rCeuli nawilebi. qarTvelebma umZimes brZolaSi da mniSvnelovani danaklisis fasad SesZles desantis lik-vidacia, aRmosavleTis frontis mowinave razmebs ar mis-ces desantTan SeerTebis saSualeba.

kxk-m kvlav gamoacxada mobilizacia. arc rusebi iSu-rebdnen fuls da dapirebebs. mdinare fsouze aravin akon-trolebda volonterTa gadmosvlas, SeiaraRebisa da mZime teqnikis gadmotanas.

afxazeTSi konfederantTa mTeli Zalebis faqtiur me-Taurad Samil basaevi dainiSna.

5 ivliss, mtris gaerTianebulma razebma didi danakar-gis fasad SesZles axalSenis da kamanis aReba. sofeli Sro-ma, ramdenime dRe xelidan xelSi gadadioda. konfederan-tebi da separatistebi ukve soxumis `saxuravze~ isxdnen. sasikvdilo safrTxe daemuqra qalaqs.

14 ivliss daqiravebulTa razmebma samTo nawilebis

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monawileobiT galis da oCamCires raionebis sazRvarze mdebare yvelaze strategiuli simaRle „meSveli` aiRes. operacia CeCenTa samTo razmma RamiT ganaxorciela da maRlobis tafobze axalSeyvanili kaspis batalionis me-brZolebi amoxoca. qarTvelebma dakarges tyvarCelis da mis gareubnebis iaraRiT gakontrolebis SesaZlebloba, Tumca am qalaqSi amis Semdegac ar Senelebula e.w. zvia-distTa warmomadgenlebis vizitebi.

1993 wlis 2� ivliss soWSi xeli moewera kabalur Se-Tanxmebas qarTvelTa da afxazTa dazavebis Sesaxeb; sa-qarTvelos xelisuflebas mZime teqnika unda gaetana afxa-zeTis teritoriidan, konfederantebs da daqiravebulebs ki afxazeTis teritoria unda daetovebinaT; SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad unda Seqmniliyo Sinagani jarebis qarTuli da afxazuri batalionebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofdnen wes-rigs da ar dauSvebdnen saomari operaciebis ganaxlebas; gudauTaSi myofi separatistuli xelisufleba soxumSi unda dabrunebuliyo. Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo es iyo iZulebiTi da ruseTis upirobo ndobaze damyarebuli zavi.

16 agvistos saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mZime teqnika foTSi gadaitana. Semdgomma movlenebma daadastura, rom afxazurma mxarem Tavisi mZime teqnikis didi nawili gadamala, konfederantebi da moxaliseebi ki afxazeTidan ar gasulan.

16 seqtembers, afxazTa da konfederantTa gaerTian-ebulma Zalebma, isargebles ra samegrelos, guriisa da imereTis regionebSi cnobili garTulebebiT, aseve, da upirvelesad imiT, rom qarTvelebi faqtobrivad ganiara-Rebuli iyvnen, tankebiTa da sxva mZime teqnikiT Seuties soxumis uiaraRo mosaxleobas.

es iyo veragobis iSviaTi magaliTi omebis istoriaSi.aRmosavleTis frontis Zalebma gadakveTes centralu-

ri saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo magistrali, alyaSi moaq-cies zRvispira qarTuli soflebi.

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e.w. afxazTa samxedro floti, romlis Stabis meTaurad dainiSna daRestneli ali alievi, dRedaRam raketebs uSen-da babuSeris aeroports, Camoagdes saqarTvelos ramdeni-me samoqalaqo TviTmfrinavi; daiRupa aseulobiT mSvido-biani mgzavri, ZiriTadad bavSvebi, qalebi da moxucebi.

qalaqSi xelCarTuli, magram metismetad uTanasworo brZolebi gaimarTa. TiTqmis uiaraRo soxumelebi da dar-Cenili jariskacebi mkerdiT icavdnen TiToeul kvartals, quCas, saxls. qalaqma icoda, rom Jiuli Sartava Tavis ram-denime TanamebrZolTan erTad sabrZolo postze iyo da sjeroda, rom gamosavals ipovida.

2� seqtembers, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis mTavrobis Senoba, romelic mZime teqnikiT iyo garSe-mortymuli da cecxlis alSi gaxveuli, SturmiT aiRes. ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris dacvam, pirvelad ar Seas-rula Jiuli Sartavas arc brZaneba, arc xvewna-mudara daetovebinaT igi da gasuliyvnen qalaqidan. sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom man, rogorc qarTvelma da da qarTvelTa da afxazTa mTavrobis meTaurma, afxazeTidan gaqceva ar ikadra.

Semazrzenia, afxazTa, konfederantTa da daqiravebul-Ta gamarjvebis zeimis amsaxveli videofirebi, romelic mTelma msofliom naxa.

29-30 seqtembers volonterTa gaerTianebulma razmeb-ma da afxazma mebrZolebma daikaves gulirifSis, oCamCiris da galis raionebi da saRamos mdinare engurze, samegrelo-sa da afxazeTis administraciul sazRvarze gavidnen.

moxaliseTa calkeuli razebi samegrelos regionSi ga-davidnen, Semdgom maT SeuerTdnen konfederantTa da kaz-akTa jgufebi. maTi ramdenime razmi mdinare cxeniswyalTa-nac daafiqsires, magram, etyoba, omis mTavarma reJisorma mogvianebiT Secvala gegma da isini afxazeTSi daabruna.

sami dRe oficialurad da Semdgom ramdenime kvira

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TviTneburad alafobdnen konfederantebi, moxaliseebi, afxazi boevikebi da uricxvi saSovarze Camosulebi okupi-rebuli afxazeTis upiratesad qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul teritoriebze; xocavdnen, Zarcvavdnen, aupatiurebdnen umweo mosaxleobas, upiratesad da gamorCeulad afxazeT-Si darCenil qarTvelebs, wvavdnen maTs sacxovrebel sax-lebs, gansakuTrebiT galis da oCamCires raionebSi. Crdi-loeTisken uwyvet nakadad miemarTebodnen naZarcvi qone-biT datvirTuli avtokolonebi.

soxumis xelisuflebam Rirseulad daufasa amagi kon-federantebs da moxaliseebs; mravali maTgani afxazeTis gmiri gaxda, miiRes Tanamdebobebi afxazur SeiaraRebul ZalebSi, Caasaxles qarTvelTa saxlebSi, maTi saxelebi Searqves soxumis quCebs, skverebs da moednebs, daudges Zeglebi. afxazebic aRiareben, rom qarTvelTa mimarT Za-ladobis iniciatorebi da Semsruleblebi, rogorc wesi, moxaliseebi iyvnen.

samxedro eqspertebs da brZolebis uSualo monawi-leebs miaCniaT, rom afxazeTis okupacia, afxazeTSi qarT-velTa samxedro damarcxeba ganapiroba konfliqtSi ru-seTis samxedro da politikurma monawileobam, aseve da mniSvnelovanwilad konfederantTa organizebulobam, mS-vidobiani mosaxleobis mimarT moxaliseTa mxecobam da si-sastikem. raRa Tqma unda, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebam dauSva mravali seriozuli da upatiebeli samxedro-poli-tikuri Secdoma.

afxazeTSi samare hpova aTasobiT gadamTielma, roleb-mac ocdaaT vercxlad gayides qarTveli da kavkasieli xalxebis istoriuli megobroba, naTesaoba, Cveni saerTo saxlis, kavkasiuri ojaxis wevrobis Rirseba da siamaye.

kavkasiis konfliqtebSi konfederntebisa da maTi pa-tronebis politikur miznebi, daqiravebul moxaliseTa danaSaulobani seriozul Seswavlas da Sefasebas moiT-

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xovs. cxadia, rom moxaliseebma codvis mZime jvari daides mxrebze da, rogorc axla amboben, gangebam maT Rirsi sas-jelic mouvlina; kerZod, maTi didi nawili im urCxulis xeliT daiRupa, visTanac maT faruli garigeba dades, maTi saxl-kari da qoneba im mbrZanebelTa brZanebiT ganadgur-da, vinc isini aRWurva da afxazeTSi gaagzavna saomrad.

erTi ramaa ueWveli: Cven afxazeTis urTulesi proble-ma gvaqvs gadasawyveti, rac, Cemi azriT, warmoudgenelia CrdiloeTkavkasielTa faqtoris da maTi samarTliani moTxovnebis gauTvaliswineblad. am mimarTulebiT Zveli mTavrobis saqmianoba (axlandeli gadasaxedidan) uniaTod moCans, Tumca, Tavis droze saqarTvelos parlamentma da xelisuflebam rigi saintereso RonisZiebebi ganaxorcie-les.

afxazeTis 1992-1993 wlebis SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi CrdiloeT kavkasia aqtiuri komponenti iyo, romelic ne-biT Tu uneblieT saqarTvelos okupaciis procesSi mona-wileobda.

es monawileoba realurad gulisxmobda intensiur samxedro da SedarebiT umniSvnelo humanitarul kompon-ents. sabrZolo operaciebSi monawileobda aTasobiT Cri-lo-kavkasieli moxalise. konfliqtis zonebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli mosaxleobis nawili CrdiloeT kavkasiis sxvadasxva respublikaSi gadavida. am ukanasknel faqts, rusuli media masStaburad aSuqebda da didi saqarTvelos mier „patara xalxebis` genocidis Taobaze msoflios sazo-gadoebrivi azris SecdomaSi Sesayvanad iyenebda. aqve unda iTqvas, rom rusul-qarTuli samxedro dapirispirebaSi CrdilokavkasielTa monawileoba axali movlena ar aris. es ukve tradiciaa.

cxadia, rom dRemde eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili re-spublikebidan ruseTis centraluri xelisuflebisadmi gansakuTrebuli loialobiT mxolod CrdiloeT oseTi

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gamoirCeva. Tumca moskovisadmi CrdiloeT oseTis ga-morCeuli loialoba ruseTis samxreTSi gansakuTrebul Sedegebs ver iZleva, magram cxinvalis regionTan dakav-SirebiT CrdiloeT oseTis mniSvneloba saqarTvelosT-vis sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani xasiaTis matarebelia. amdenad, mravali faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT CrdiloeT oseTTan (alania) saqarTvelos tradiciuli urTierTo-bis aRdgena gadaudebelia da alternativa ara aqvs. Cven es unda SevZloT.

faqtia isic, rom ruseTis federaciis damokidebule-ba CrdiloeTdkavkasiis mimarT jer kidev didxans darCe-ba ucvleli, amitomac saqarTvelos CrdiloeTkavkasiuri politikuri veqtoris moduneba dauSvebelia. ufro metic, ruseTis samxreTis mimarT Tbilisis yuradRebis gaaqtiu-reba gadaudebeli saqmea. eWvs gareSea, rom saqarTvelom CrdiloeT kavkasiis regionSi Tavisi istoriuli funqcia unda daibrunos.

erTiani kavkasia, saerTo kavkasiuri saxli, kavkasiuri kavSiri Tu kavkasiuri federacia aris gauxunari Tema, ro-melsac uTuod aqvs pozitiuri momavali.

`dilis gazeTi,~ 15 agvisto, 2001w.

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afxazuri mxaris samizned qceuli erTi dokumenti

(Tvalsazrisi 1994 wlis 4 aprilis gancxadebis Taobaze)

dokumenti moskovSi, 1994 wlis 4 aprils miiRes. qarTu-li da afxazuri mxareebis mier SeTanxmebuli teqstis xel-moweras eswreboda gaerodan _ e. bruneri, ruseTis feder-aciidan _ b. pastuxovi, euTodan _ v. mano.

afxazeTSi konfliqtis mowesrigebis Taobaze aTwlian maraTonSi arc erT dokuments (rangiT gacilebiT ufro maRals) soxumis de-faqto xelisuflebidan ar mohyolia iseTi aJiotaJi, vidre am gancxadebas.

afxazuri mxare bolo periodSi Setevazea gadmosuli. miaCnia, rom saqarTvelom faqtiurad xeli moawera saer-TaSoriso xelSekrulebas afxazeTis damoukideblobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb, anu saqarTvelos teritoriaze ori Ta-nasworuflebiani suverenuli saxelmwifos _ damoukide-beli saqarTvelosa da damoukidebeli afxazeTis arsebo-bas.

ukanasknel wlebSi separatistTa lideri vladislav arZinba da misi garemocva sistematurad mimarTavs gaeros generalur mdivans, sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebs, sa-qarTvelos mier am “xelSekrulebis” darRvevis Sesaxeb da adanaSaulebs Suamaval qveynebs proqarTul ganwyobile-baSi, moiTxovs saqarTvelos da afxazeTs Soris saxelm-wifoebriv–samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis sakiTxebze saerTaSoriso konferenciebis Catarebas.

sazogadoebas, saqmeSi Caxedul politikosebs da di-plomatebs kargad moexsenebaT, rom gaeros xelmZRvane-lobam, generaluri mdivnis specialurma warmomadgenelma saqarTveloSi diter bodenma, aseve, batonebma levan ale-

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qsiZem, joni xecurianma, sxvebma amomwuravi pasuxi gasces afxazuri mxaris pretenziebs.

miuxedavad amisa, afxazuri reJimi kvlav avrcelebs axal-axal versiebs, qarTul mxares ki, kvlav uwevs aqsio-maturi WeSmaritebis aTasjer ganmarteba, rom gancxadebis patiosani wakiTxvaa saWiro.

aseT viTarebaSi, bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva, mainc ra aris am dokumentSi iseTi, rom konfliqtis mowesrigebasTan da-kavSirebiT arsebuli mravaltomeulidan separatistTa sa-mizned maincdamainc es dokumentia amoCemebuli?

mTlianobaSi pasuxi cnobilia da es afxazeTSi kargad ician. kerZod, profesor v. arZinbasadmi pasuxSi (gae-ros 2000 wlis 31 martis werili) xazgasmulia, rom: “Tqven werilSi dafiqsirebul pozicias ar uWeren mxars arc gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia da arc misi wevri cal-keuli qveynebi. molaparakebebis xangrZlivi procesis man-Zilze isini gamudmebiT aRniSnaven, rom afxazeTSi (saqarT-velo) konfliqtis gadaWra unda emyarebodes saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobisa da suverenitetis principebs, ltolvilTa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ufle-bebs daubrundnen afxazeTs (saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi) usafrTxod da nebayoflobiT.”

afxazeTSi, jer kidev saomari moqmedebebis damTavrebam-de, SesaniSnavad uwuyodaT gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos Tavm-jdomaris 1992 wlis 10 seqtembris gancxadeba, mimarTuli msoflios sainformacio saSualebebisadmi, sadac pirve-lad sajarod da kategoriulad iTqva, rom “nebismieri mo-qmedeba, romelic xelyofs saqarTvelos teritoriul mT-lianobas saerTaSorisod aRiarebul sazRvrebSi, miuRebe-lia” (s/24542).

axla uSualod gancxadebasTan dakavSirebiT.mis miRebas win uZRoda 1994 wlis 22_25 Tebervals Je-

nevaSi gaeros egidiT, ruseTis federaciis xelSewyobiT, euTos warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT da gaeros ltol-

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vilTa saqmeebis umaRlesi komisariatis TandaswrebiT qar-Tul_afxazuri konfliqtis (jer kidev ar iyo xmarebaSi termini “afxazeTSi konfliqti”) srulmasStabiani mowes-rigebisTvis molaparakebis mesame raundi, rac dafiqsire-bulia kidevac gancxadebis pirvel punqtSi.

interesmoklebuli ar iqneba, albaT, am punqtis doku-mentSi Setanis aucileblobis axsna.

pirveli. ra Tqma unda, amiT xazi gaesva uaRresad rTuli da xangrZlivi molaparakebis faqts, sadac mxareebs hqon-daT saSualeba guldasmiT ganexilaT afxazeTTan dakav-SirebiT Seqmnili Cixuri (ufro zustad, katastrofuli) viTarebidan Teoriuli da realuri gamosvlis mravali varianti.

da, meore, aranakleb mniSvnelovani dokumentis miRe-bis TvalsazrisiT. mxedvelobaSia separatistuli reJimis mier 5-6 Tebervlidan galis raionSi (sadac samxedro da-pirispireba ar yofila) boevikTa morigi eqspedicia mSvi-dobiani mosaxleobis winaaRmdeg, romlebmac Tvis bolom-de mTlianad gadawves galis raionis zeda da qveda zonis soflebi, daxoces rvaasze meti qarTveli, gamoaZeves aTa-sobiT umweo adamiani (maT Soris, oqumis maRalmTianebiT, sadac didTovlobaSi gaiyina da daixoca asobiT qali da bavSvi).

gancxadebis meore muxlSi dafiqsirebulia molapara-kebaTa samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, amosavali dokumen-tebi, romelTa CarCoebSi da maTze dayrdnobiT gaformda dokumentis yvela punqti. kerZod, esaa gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos 849 (1993 wlis 9 ivlisi), 854 (1993 wlis 6 agvisto), 858 (1993 wlis 24 agvisto), 8�6 (1993 wlis 19 oqtomberi), 881 (1993 wlis 4 noemberi), 892 (1993 wlis 22 dekemberi), 896 (1994 wlis 31 ianvari), 901 (1994 wlis 4 marti) da 906 (1994 wlis 25 marti) rezoluciebi.

am dokumentebis Sinaarsze ar SevCerdebi, isini tyupi-scalebiviT hgvanan erTmaneTs mTavarSi: yvela maTgani

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aRiarebs saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas, saxelm-wifoebriv suverenitets, sazRvrebis xelSeuxeblobas, devnilTa upirobo dabrunebis uflebas mSobliur adgi-lebSi.

ar ician es afxazeTSi? ar ician, rom am dokumentSi ara-viTari logikiT ar iqneboda miRebuli punqti saqarTve-los daqucmacebisa da ori damoukidebeli saxelmwifos aRiarebis Sesaxeb, romlebic Semdgom kvlav gaerTiandebi-an (an ar gaerTiandebian raime saxis kavSirSi, asociaciaSi da a.S. ? ician, magram yvela saSualebiT cdiloben raime xelSesaxebi ipovon am punqtebSi, radganac ase surT maT mfarvelebs.

ras izam, aseTia ukompromiso politikuri brZolis te-qnologia, TamaSis wesi.

mesame punqtiT mxareebi kisruloben valdebulebas ar mimarTon Zalis gamoyenebas an Zalis muqaras. Tumca, cno-bilia (samSvidobo Zalebis Sesvlis Semdegac) 1994-1998 wlebSi da Semdgom kvlav hqonda adgili Zalis gamoyenebas mSvidobiani mosaxleobis mimarT, daxoces 5 aseulze meti mSvidobiani mcxovrebi, mravaljer gaZarcves da gadawves galis raioni. es sakiTxi, kerZod, Zalis gamouyenebloba da ndobis ganmtkiceba dRemde rCeba umTavres problemad.

meoTxe punqti iTvaliswinebs oTxmxrivi xelSekru-lebis safuZvelze devnilTa nebayoflobiT dabrunebas (pirvel etapze galis raionSi) saerTaSoriso praqtikis Sesabamisad, Tumca am dokumentSi bevri ram aris sadavo da qarTuli mxarisaTvis miuRebeli.

cxadia, rom am xelSekrulebam praqtikulad ar imuSava (1994 wels galSi saerTaSoriso meurveobiT dabrunebuli 311 mSvidobiani mcxovrebidan orasamde xelaxla gamoiqca, ramdenime daiRupa, zogi maTgani mZevlad iqna ayvanili).

arsebiTad Sesrulda konfliqti zonaSi samSvidobo operaciis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb mexuTe punqti (ruseTis federaciis samxedro kontingentis meSveobiT), aseve gae-

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ros samxedro meTvalyureTa misiis mandatis gafarToebis Taobaze. sakiTxi kargad aris gaSuqebuli yvela doneze. fa-qtia, rom moqmedi mandatiT samSvidobo Zalebi sasazRvro nawilebad iqcnen, romlebic reJimis interesebs gamoxata-ven da arsebiTad ver uzrunvelyofen devnilTa usafrTxo dabrunebis pirobebis Seqmnas.

afxazur mxares gansakuTrebuli pretenziebi aqvs gan-cxadebis me-6, me-� muxlebisadmi, agreTve me-8 muxlis mi-marT.

me-6 punqtSi dafiqsirebulia, rom “afxazeTs aqvs Tavi-si konstitucia da kanonmdebloba, Sesabamisi saxelmwifo atributika_himni Rerbi, droSa.”

ra aris aq gansakuTrebuli da axali, niSnavs Tu ara es damoukideblobis aRiarebas?

avtonomiur erTeulebs (saxelmwifo warmonaqmnebs) sab-WoeTis drosac ki gaaCndaT Tavisi konstitucia, kanonmde-bloba, Rerbi, himni, maT Soris afxazeTsac, rac Sesabami-sobaSi iyo saqarTvelos konstituciasTan da kanomdeblo-basTan. amgvari uflebamosilebebi hqonda, aqvs da eqneba afxazeTs. maTi formisa da Sinaarsis SeTanxmeba, mxareTa politikuri nebis SemTxvevaSi, problema ar unda iyos. sa-kiTxis racionaluri gadawyveta umtkivneulod SesaZle-belia afxazeTSi demografiuli viTarebis aRdgenis, de-mokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebisa da samoqalaqo sa-zogadoebis Camoyalibebis kvalobaze. etyoba, am sakiTxiT Jonglioroba reJimis Sida ideologiur interesebSi Se-dis.

saWirod mimaCnia me-� punqti mkiTxvelis samsjavroze dednidan zustad gadmovitano:

“7. стороны провели консультации о разграничении полномочии при понимании, что любое соглашение по этому вопросу является частью общего урегулирования и будет достигнуто только тогда, когда будет найдено окончательное решение конфликта.”

sanam Semdgom abzacze gadavidode, minda kidev erT-

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xel mivapyro mkiTxvelis (oponentis) yuradReba, rom, rac Semdgom abzacSia dafiqsirebuli, zemoT moyvanili abza-cis moTxovnebiT gadaulaxav CarCoebSia moqceuli, umZime-si pirobebiTaa Seborkili da Tu am Sezudvebidan romelime (Tundac erTi) ar Sesrulda, Semdgomi formulirebebi (anu “обшего понимания“) yovelgvar azrs kargavs da araraobad iqceva.

Semdgom:“на этом этапе (miaqcieT yuradReba-“am etapze”) стороны

достигли общего понимания (kvlav yuradRebiT daukvir-diT-“saerTo gagebas” da ara xelSekrulebas an morige-bas) относительно полномочии для совместной деятельности в следующих областьях:

а) внешная политика, внешэкономические связи;б) пограничная служба;в) таможенная служба;г) энергетика, транспорт, связь;д) экология и ликвидация последствий стихийнных бедствий;е) обеспечение прав и свобод человека и гражданина, прав

национальных меньшенств.” Tu gancxadebis teqstSi am abzacis sxvanairi formuli-

reba iqneboda, vTqvaT:стороны достигли договоренности для общего понимания

совместной деятельности в следующих областях da Semdeg ro-gorc CamonaTvalSia, rasac afxazuri mxare amJamad cdi-lobs, SeiZleba SesaZleblad migveCnia, rom qarTuli mxare daeTanxma im uflebaTa saerTo gamgeblobaSi Seyvanas, rac klasikuri gagebiT, damaxasiaTebelia sakavSiro saxelmwi-fosaTvis ankonfederaciisaTvis da xorcieldeba amgvar samarTlebriv urTierTobaSi myof suverenul saxelmwi-foTa Soris.

ra Tqma unda, es SeiZleba CaTvliliyo braldebad qar-Tuli mxaris warmomadgenlebisTvis (vinc xeli moawera am dokuments), magram ueWvelia, rom es ase ar aris.

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am uxerxulobas (falsifikacias) kargad acnobierebs afxazuri mxare da cdilobs moiSvelios gancxadebis me-8 punqti:

“стороны согласились продолжить энергичные усилия по достижению полномасштабного урегулирования. Cтороны образуют соответсвующий Комитет, который будет работать на постоянной основе с учетом решений СБ ООН под председательством ООН, с участием представителей СБСЕ и РФ, с привлечением международных экспертов. Комитет будет заседать поочередно в Москве и Женеве. Первое заседание состойтся в Женеве 19 апреля 1994 г. Будет разработана поэтапная программа действий, выработаны предложения по воссозданию государсвенно-правовых отношений.”

rac Seexeba pirvel abzacs, kargadaa cnobili “ener-giuli Zalisxmeva konfliqtis srulmasStabiani mowesri-gebisaTvis”, rac dRemde grZeldeba, magram progresi ar SeimCneva afxazuri mxaris arakonstruqciulobis gamo.

sayovelTaod cnobilia me-8 punqtis bedis Sesaxeb (pra-qtikulad ar amoqmedebula), Semdgom Seiqmna sxva funq-cionaluri datvirTvis ormxrivi sakoordinaco komisia, samuSao jgufebi, magram arasakmarisi efeqturobis gamo, ufro gvian (199�w.), konfliqtis mowesrigebis procesi gardaiqmna Jenevis formatad, romelsac amJamad mTavari adgili ukavia.

rac Seexeba “de-iure” saxelmwifoebriv_samarTlebrivi urTierTobebis aRdgenis Sesaxeb winadadebaTa SemuSave-bis mcdelobas, ramdenadac cnobilia, ar yofila da arc SeiZleba yofiliyo, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom samxedro konfliqtis periodSi meqanikurad gawyda saqarTvelosa da sakuTriv afxazeTs Soris konstituciiT gansazRvru-li “de-iure” da ara “de-faqto” urTierTobebi. swored amitom, eqspertebma da xelmomwerebma arc ki CaTvales sa-Wirod sityvaTa kompleqsSi _ “saxelmwifoebriv-samarT-lebrivi urTierTobebis aRdgena,” CaematebinaT “de-fa-

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qto” (aRdgena), rogorc zedmeti, TavisTavad nagulisxmevi da aqsiomaturi.

Semdgom gaxda cnobili, rom am sityvis gamo afxazurma reJimma mTeli politikuri konstruqciis ageba wamoiwyo da dRemde cdilobs zemoaRniSnuli gancxadeba CaTvalos “saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebad” afxazeTis damoukideb-lad cnobad, misi saqarTvelosTan Tanasworuflebian su-bieqtad aRiarebad.

realurad da dokumenturad mravalgzis dadasture-bulia, rom saqarTvelos arasodes gauuqmebia afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis statusi, ar SeuzRudavs misi uflebamosilebani. afxazeTis devnili xelisufleba Tbi-lisSi aris afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis xelisuf-leba, romelsac imave konstituciuri, saxelmwifoebrivi da iuridiuli uflebamosileba aqvs, rac hqonda afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis xelisuflebas soxumSi.

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom separatistuli reJimis mcde-loba calmxrivad xeleyo saqarTvelos respublikis mTlia-noba, saqarTvelosa da sakuTriv afxazeTis konstituciebi, CaTvlilia ukanonod, baTilad, iuridiuli Zalis armqoned.

afxazeTSi yovelgvari arCevnebi, referendumebi, da-moukideblobis aRdgenis aqti (2000 wlis 8 oqtomberi) da sxva saqarTvelos parlamentis, gaeros, euTos dokumente-biT miCneulia ukanonod.

reJimma miaRwia “de-faqtod” saqarTvelodan gamosvlas, magram “de-iured” saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSia. sxvagvar mtkicebas ara aqvs argumenti da arc logika, manipulire-ba yofili ssr kavSiris kanonebiT, referendumebiT da a.S. fuWi da uazro wylis nayvaa.

2000 wlis 14 Tebervals afxazTa lideri vladislav ar-Zinba gaeros generalur mdivans kofi anans wers: „qarTul-afxazuri konfliqtis mowesrigebis Taobaze 1994 wlis 4 aprilis gancxadebaSi aRiarebuli iyo saqarTvelosa da afxazeTs Soris saxelmwifo-samarTlebrivi urTierTo-

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bis ararseboba da, rom afxazeTs gaaCnia suverenuli sa-xelmwifos yvela uflebamosileba. gancxadebaSi aseve ga-nixileboda Tanasworuflebian safuZvelze konfliqtis mxareebs Soris “saxelmwifo da samarTlebrivi urTierTo-bebis SesaZlo aRdgenis principebi.“

am Tvalsazriss Semdgom kidev erTi argumentiT „ama-grebs,“ kerZod, „daskvniT, romelic, misi azriT, dafiqsi-rebulia gaeros generaluri mdivnis 3 maisis da mis meore danarTSi.“

generaluri mdivani Tavis moxsenebaSi (3 maisi, 1999 weli) aRniSnavs, rom 4 aprilis gancxadebiT, rogorc adre sxva dokumentebSi, igulisxmeba saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianoba, suvereniteti da erTiani saxelmwifo, sadac afxazeTs eqneba ufarToesi avtonomiuri (TviTmmarTveli) uflebebi.

aseve, sainteresoa generaluri mdivnis amave moxsenebis (afxazuri mxarisTvis panacead miCneuli) meore danarTi-dan citata: „afxazeTi iqneba subieqti, romelsac eqneba suverenuli uflebebi sakavSiro saxelmwifoSi, romelic Seiqmneba sadavo sakiTxebis daregulirebis Semdeg, sakav-Siro saxelmwifos saxelwodeba ganisazRvreba mxareTa mier Semdgomi molaparakebebis safuZvelze.“

ras gulisxmobda generaluri mdivani?eqspertTa, maT Soris gaeros eqspertTa azriT, ter-

minSi_„sakavSiro saxelmwifo,“ nagulisxmevia afxazeTis gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobis aRiareba saqarTvelos Se-madgenlobaSi (saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi aseTi gamocdi-leba arsebobs) da gulisxmobs erTiani saxelmwifos SigniT saxelmwifos centralur xelisuflebas da saxelmwifoe-brivi warmonaqmnis legitimur xelisuflebas Soris xel-SekrulebiT kavSirs garkveul uflebamosilebaTa dele-girebis safuZvelze.

marTlac, 1995 wlis ivlisSi, moskovSi mimdinare mola-parakebebis dros, afxazuri mxaris delegaciis xelmZRva-

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nelma anri jergeniam (soxumTan konsultaciebis Semdeg) gaakeTa gancxadeba, rom afxazuri mxare eTanxmeba xelSe-krulebis proeqtis formulirebas „erTiani federaciuli saxelmwifo.“ 25 ivliss mxareebis mier oficialurad par-afirebul iqna xelSekrulebis teqsti, magram dokumentis xelmoweramde arZinbam Secvala afxazuri mxaris delega-ciis xelmZRvaneloba da uari ganacxada molaparakebebis gagrZelebaze „suverenuli afxazeTis aRiarebamde.“

sagulisxmoa isic, rom gaeros generaluri mdivnis mox-senebis danarTSi aRniSnulma „sakavSiro xelSekrulebis“ ideam gagrZeleba ver hpova gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos verc erT Semdgom dokumentSi.

arsad da aravis gauxdia saeWvod, rom gaeros generalu-ri mdivani 3 maisis moxsenebaSi gulisxmobda avtonomiur erTeuls (saxelmwifo warmonaqmns), romelsac aqvs gark-veuli garantirebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, maT Soris suverenuli uflebebic, magram es ar niSnavs mis sa-xelmwifoebriv damoukideblobasa da srul suverenitets. Tanamedrove msoflioSi, gansakuTrebiT evropaSi, farTod gavrcelebulia saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis praqtika, ro-melSic federalur saxelmwifos Semadgenel erTeulebs garkveuli sagareo politikuri da ekonomikuri ufleba-mosilebani, aseve, sakuTari kompetenciebi aqvT energeti-kis, transportis, ekologiisa da sxva dargebSi. rac Seexeba sasazRvro samsaxurs, saxelmwifo sazRvrebis konkretul monakveTze sasazRvro razmebis adgilobrivi kadrebiT da-kompleqtebis principi erT-erTi ZiriTadia mraval qveyana-Si. igive SeiZleba iTqvas sabaJo samsaxurzec.

aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT:1. 1994 wlis 4 aprilis gancxadebaSi qarTulma mxarem,

faqtobrivad, daafiqsira saqarTvelos saxelmwifos axali politikuri kursi da keTili neba afxazeTSi konfliqtis mSvidobiani gziT mowesrigebis uzrunvelsayofad, rom-lis realizaciis erTerT umTavres pirobad moiazrebo-

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da (saxelwodebis gareSe) erTiani saqarTvelos Semadgen-lobaSi, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos uryevi suverenitetis pirobebSi, afxazeTis ufarToesi avtonomia, Tbilissa da soxums Soris uflebamosilebaTa konstituciuri gamijv-na Tanamedrove msoflios standartebis Sesabamisad. re-alurad sakiTxi Seexeboda saqarTvelos transformirebas federalur saxelmwifod, sadac afxazeTs eqneboda fe-deraciis subieqtis statusi da uflebamosilebani saerTo centris mier delegirebuli kompetenciebis farglebSi.

2. mxareebi gagebiT moekidnen Tbilissa da soxums So-ris omiT gawyvetili saxelmwifoebriv urTierTobaTa de-faqto aRdgenas, saqarTvelos federalur mowyobas, uflebamosilebaTa gamijvnas konstituciuri principis safuZvelze da sqematurad moxazes ganviTarebuli fede-ralizmis qveynebSi erTobliv gamgeblobas mikuTvnebuli sferoTa konturebi.

3. 4 aprilis gancxadebiT, Canasaxis doneze, mxareebma mi-aRwies morigebas federaciuli saqarTvelos Semadgenlo-baSi afxazeTis statusis, Tbilissa da soxums Soris uf-lebamosilebaTa gamijvnis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb, romlis logikurad ganviTarebuli variantia Jenevis formatiT Sesabamisi dokumentis proeqtis SemuSaveba.

movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTareba, kerZod, saqarTvelos axali konstituciis debulebebi, maT Soris saqarTvelos saxelmwifos axali saxelwodeba „saqarTvelo“ (nacvlad saqarTvelos respublikisa), saxelmwifoebrivi terito-riuli mowyobis sakiTxebis gadadeba qveynis mTlianobis srul aRdgenamde, Jenevis formatis farglebSi „afaxze-Tis statusis, Tbilissa da soxums Soris uflebamosile-baTa gamijvnis Sesaxeb“ proeqtze muSaoba adasturebs, rom 4 aprilis gancxadebiT, sajarod gacxadda saqarTvelos, rogorc Semdgari saxelmwifos gulwrfeli da uryevi kur-si afxazeTSi konfliqtis politikuri mowesrigebis uz-runvelsayofad qveynis federalizaciis gziT.

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inal kazani, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi afxazuri diasporis Tavmjdomare, afxazi xalxisadmi mimarTvaSi ka-tegoriulad acxadebs: „bolo Svidi wlis manZilze Tavi-suflebi viyaviT Cvens sapyrobileSi. darwmunebuli var, rom sakavSiro saxelmwifo Cven xels ar gvaZlevs. . .“ da „ab-soluturi avtonomia uzrunvelyofs Cvens suverenitets, uSiSroebas, warmatebul ekonomikur arsebobas, kultu-rul da erovnul TavisTavadobas, enas, tradiciebs“...kaza-nis azriT, amJamad. . . „Tu xelidan gavuSviT moqmedebis mo-menti, Cveni samSoblos beds gadawyveten isini, visac Cven-Tan araferi esaqmeba da arc Cveni bedi enaRvlebaT.“

verafers daamateb!afxazeTSi mTavar sakiTxad usafrTxoeba miaCniaT. fe-

deraciul saqarTveloSi afxazeTis subieqtis usafrTxoe-bis garantia iqneba samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo, uflebamo-silebaTa gamijvnis saxelmwifo meqanizmebi, afxazi xalxis warmomadgenloba parlamentSi, mTavrobaSi, sasamarTlo sistemaSi; garkveul periodSi aseTi garantia SeiZleba iyos ialtis gancxadebaSi dafiqsirebuli Jenevis forma-tis qveynebi, gaero, euTo, evrokavSiri. afxazeTis uSiS-roebis upirvelesi garanti iqneba iq dabrunebuli devni-li mosaxleoba, demokratiuli institutebis ganviTareba, samoqalaqo seqtori.

amgvarad, 1994 wlis 4 aprilis gancxadebaSi aisaxa ara afxazeTis damoukideblobis aRiareba, aramed konfliqtis mowesrigebis, qveynis mowyobis axali modeli, romelSic afxazeTs eqneboda myarad garantirebuli uflebebi da Ta-visuflebebi, rac afxazeTSi omamde mcxovreb qarTvel da sxva xalxebTan erTad saerTo Tanacxovrebis mravalsau-kunovani gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, afxazeTis ayva-vebasa da keTildReobas uzrunvelyofda.

`dilis gazeTi,“ 9 agvisto, 2001w.

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eSm-as TvaliT danaxuli galis raioni

afxazeTSi konfliqtis mowesrigebis gaWian-urebam, devnilTa umZimesma xvedrma, ubinaobam, SimSilma, da, rac mTavaria, Selaxuli Rirsebis grZnobam aiZula bevri qarTveli mSobliur adgi-lebs dabruneboda.

mematiane Tavis droze dawers da yovelives jerovani Sefaseba miecema, magram dRes afxazeTSi, gansakuTrebiT galSi, devnilTa dabrunebasTan dakavSirebiT azrTa sxva-dasxvaobaa.

erTni amtkiceben, rom galSi dabrunebuli mosaxleoba iq monad dabrunda da ganwirulia uuflebobis, TandaTano-biT gadagvarebisa da xelze mosamsaxured yofnisTvis.

meoreni amboben, rom xalxs aqvs arCevanis ufleba (xe-lisuflebas arasodes mouwodebia mosaxleobisTvis afxa-zeTSi dabruneba iq saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis aRdgenamde da usafrTxoebis garantiebis gareSe), ar miatovos saku-Tari ezo-kari, sicocxlis riskiT ganagos Tavisi bedi. maT pozicias ganamtkicebs sociologebisa da demografebis daskvna, rom eTnikurad erTgvarovan da kompaqturad da-saxlebul adamianTa did masas (rogoric galis raionia) aqvs sakmao imuniteti, raTa gauZlos yovelgvar siZneles, awarmoos regerenacia da SeinarCunos erovnuli saxe, ena, tradiciebi, adaT-wesebi.

mohyavT mesame mosazrebac: galelebs sxva gza ara aqvT, vinaidan Sida da gare dapirispirebebiT daqancul qarTul saxelmwifos Zalze gauWirda aseul aTasobiT devnilis fizikuri Senaxva da gadarCena. vfiqrob, samive pozicia met-naklebad Seicavs simarTlis elementebs.

iarsebebda ki saqarTvelo, gadarCeboda ki qarTveli

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eri, rom `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Jamianobad wodebul dros (arabTa, monRolTa, TurqTa, sparsTa da aTas sxvaTa Semo-sevebi da batonoba) mosaxleobas daetovebina Tavisi isto-riuli gansaxlebis adgilebi, mimofantuliyo ucxo qvey-nebSi? isini xom dakargavdnen TviTmyofadobas, ganadgur-deboda erTiani socialuri da eTnokulturuli qsovili, fizikurad gaqreboda eri.

drom da istoriam ineba, rom galis raioni, adre sa-murzayanod wodebuli, ufro adre Crdilo-dasavleTi (zemo) samegrelo, uxsovari droidan yofiliyo qarTvel-Ta myari sacxovrisi.

vis sWirdeba imisi Sexseneba, rom erTiani saqarTve-losTvis umZimesi dReebSi da maSinac, roca faqtiurad arc arsebobda erTiani qveyana, saqarTvelos bevri sxva kuTxis darad, am mxaris saukeTeso Svilebic gamorCeulad edgnen mxarSi centralur xelisuflebas (Tundac giorgi `brwy-invalis~ periodi an 1921 wlis martSi baTumisaTvis brZo-lebi gavixsenoT). cnobilia isic, rom galis raionSi bat-onymobam fexi ver moikida da igi saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi Tavisuflebis kunZulad darCa.

Tundac is, rom galelebi Tavis micvalebulebs maTTvis da qveynisTvis am gausaZlis dReebSic winaparTa saZvaleSi miasveneben, dasturia imisa, rom es patara miwa (iseve, ro-gorc mTeli afxazeTi) maTTvis bibliuri `aRTqmuli qvey-anaa,~ dRemde uwmindesi savanea. afxazeTis qarTvelobas kvlavac aqvs auracxel problemasTan gamklavebis Zala da unari.

es kargad ician ara marto CvenSi, aramed konfliqtis mowesrigebaSi CarTulma mxareebmac, romelTa azriTac, galis problemis mogvarebiT saTave daedeba afxazeTis sakiTxis saboloo mowesrigebas. swored amitom, euTos st-ambulis samitma (19 noemberi, 1999w.) mizanSewonilad miiC-nia, gaerosa da euTos monawileobiT, faqtebis damdgeni

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misiis gagzavna. 2000 wlis 20-24 noembers gaeros da euTos erToblivma Semfasebelma misiam (eSma) galis raionis yvela sofeli da dasaxlebuli punqti moiara da dabrunebul mo-saxleobas Sexvda.

miuxedavad garkveuli ormagi standartebisa da viTa-rebis Selamazebisa (rac damaxasiaTebelia mediatorebisT-vis). eSm-as angariSi da daskvna sakmaod realurad asaxavs raionSi arsebul viTarebas, romelsac saqarTvelos xeli-suflebis, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis, Jenevis forma-tis procesis monawileTa adekvaturi reagireba unda mo-hyves. amitomac vTavazob sazogadoebas afxazeTSi Seiara-Rebuli dapirispirebis dasrulebis Semdeg galis raionSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Taobaze ucxoelTa TvaliT danaxuli realobis mokle analizs da Sefasebas, romlis erT-erTi xelmomweri afxazuri mxaris oficialuri war-momadgenelicaa.

* * * galis raioni, sadac amJamad, sxvadasxva wyaros monaceme-

biT 34-45 aTasi devnilia dabrunebuli, dapirispirebis epicentria. dsT-s samSvidobo Zalebi, gaeros meTvalyure-ebi, afxazuri mxare (romelmac aiRo pasuxismgebloba ra-ionis administraciul kontrolze), ver uzrunvelyofen devnilTa dabrunebisTvis pirobebis Seqmnas, dabrunebuli mosaxleobis usafrTxoebas. wlebis ganmavlobaSi masobri-vi xasiaTi aqvs yaCaRobas, Zarcvas, adamianTa gatacebas, ia-raRiT vaWrobas, narkotikebis warmoebas da gavrcelebas, sxva kriminalur qmedebebs.

viTareba raionSi arastabiluria, situacia daZabuli. qarTuli da afxazuri mxareebis arakonstruqciuli da-mokidebulebebis gamo, konfliqtis zonaSi usafrTxoebis, devnilTa realuri dabrunebis sakiTxebze ver iqna xel-mowerili stabilurobis uzrunvelmyofi, Tundac Suale-duri dokumenti,

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ver Sedga mxareTa dialogi Jenevis formatiT Semu-Savebul mowesrigebis proeqtze _ `afxazeTis statusis, Tbilissa da soxums Soris uflebamosileba gamijvnis sa-fuZvlebis Sesaxeb.~ ar sruldeba `afxazeTSi devnilTa nebayofilebiTi dabrunebis Sesaxeb~ oTxmxrivi xelSekru-leba. saxezea mosaxleobis usafrTxoebis dacvis elemen-taruli pirobebis ararseboba, yovlismomcveli SiSi da ganukiTxaoba. adamianis uflebaTa dacvis soxumis ofisis filialis gaxsna, afxazuri mxaris mizeziT, mravali welia Wianurdeba.

afxazuri mxare yvela dabrunebulze adgens pirad ba-raTs da afiqsirebs Canawers dabrunebulTa moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb, Tanac cdilobs xelovnurad gazardos maTi ricx-vi, axdens ormag aRricxvas, ris gamoc dabrunebulTa rao-denoba sadavoa.

sofel `primorskis~ dasaxleba (sofeli ginZe eweri), sa-dac adre ZiriTadad cxovrobda rusuli mosaxleoba, dan-aRmulia, mosaxleoba bedis anabaraa mitovebuli (ZiriTa-dad umweo moxucebi). dasaxlebaSi Tavs iyrian SeiaraRebu-li kriminalebi, iq ver Sedian samSvidobo Zalebi da gaeros meTvalyureebi. aseTive mdgomareobaa rig sxva dasaxle-bebSi.

raionis administracia mTlianad afxazuria da ar Seesabameba mosaxleobis demografiul Semadgenlobas. ad-ministraciis meTauris da sxva wamyvani Tanamdebobebi eT-nikur afxazebs ukaviaT. mxolod afxazuria samarTaldam-cavi da Zalovani struqturebis xelmZRvaneloba, piradi Semadgenloba (ramdenime gamonaklisis garda).

respodentTa azriT, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi galis raionSi Catarda formalurad, amomrCe-velTa gareSe (199�w.). faqtiurad afxazurma administra-ciam deputatebi daniSna.

afxazuri administracia uZluria win aRudges e.w. kri-

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minalur avtoritetebs, romelTac gavlenis sferoebi ga-danawilebuli aqvT. mosakreblebi da gadasaxdelebi dgin-deba maT mier.

kanonierebis ararsebobiTaa ganpirobebuli adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi darRvevebi, gansakuTrebiT sicocxlis uflebis xelyofa, Tavisuflebis TviTneburi SezRudva, mZevlad gataceba, yaCaRoba, Zarcva, gaupatiureba da sxva, rasac mzardi xasiaTi aqvs.

raionSi ar aris sasamarTlo, e.w. samarTalwarmoeba da marTlmsajuleba xorcieldeba mezobel tyvarCelisa da oCamCiris raionebSi.

gamokiTxulTa azriT, mosaxleobis winaaRmdeg Zala-dobaSi (yaCaRoba, adamianis gataceba gamosasyidis miRebis mizniT, Tavisuflebis TviTneburi aRkveTa da sxva) mona-wileoben afxazi, qarTveli, rusi, CeCeni da sxva erovnebis kriminalebi, romlebic xSirad moqmedeben SeTanxmebiT.

gansakuTrebiT mwvavdeba winaaRmdegoba kriminalur da-jgufebebs Soris Txilisa da citrusovanTa nayofis damz-adebis sezonSi, rac xSirad SeiaraRebul dapirispirebaSi gadadis.

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis azriT, bolo periodSi Se-sustda partizanebis aqtiuroba. partizanTa saxeliT arc Tu iSviaTad moqmedeben kriminalebi, romlebic ayaCaReben mosaxleobas, avrceleben narkotikebs, vaWroben iaraRiT, itaceben da yidian avtomanqanebs.

komunaluri sacxovrebeli fondis 65-�0 procentze meti damwvari da gaZarculia afxazuri mxaris xelSewyo-biT. mosaxleobas, rogorc wesi, cxovreba uxdeba droebiT TavSesafrebSi (avtomanqanis garaJi, pirutyvis sadgomi, sameurneo nageboba, miwuri).

skolebis mdgomareoba umZimesia (umetesoba damwvari da gaZarculia), aRdgenis gareSe praqtikulad SeuZlebelia iq saqmianoba, raionSi aikrZala mSobliur enaze swavleba,

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razec mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli devnilTa dabrune-bis intensivoba.

mxolod qarTuli da afxazuri mxareebis erToblivi ekonomikuri interesebis gamo SesaZlebeli gaxda engur-hesis (afxazeTSi eleqtroenergiis faqtiurad erTaderTi wyaros) SenarCuneba, rac SesaZlebelia precedenti gaxdes sxva dargebSic TanamSromlobis ganviTarebisTvis.

satelefono kavSiris sistema ar arsebobs (ganadgure-buli da gaZarculia), televizorebi da radiomimRebebi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia. metad SezRudulia satransporto saSualebaTa raodenoba, gadaadgilebis saSualeba cxeni, xar-kameCi da sazidrebia. mosaxleobis 90% qveiTad gad-aadgildeba.

soflis meurneobis ZiriTadi dargebi _ meCaieoba da me-citruseoba gaCanagebulia. infrastruqtura moSlilia. socialuri dacvis sistema ar arsebobs, pensiebi ar gaice-ma, mosaxleoba cxovrobs umZimes yofaSi. de-faqto xeli-suflebas ar SeuZlia adamianTa elementaruli moTxovne-bis dakmayofileba. dausaqmebelia Sromisunariani mosax-leobis 90-9� procenti.

saqarTvelosa da afxazeTis jandacvis organoebis, ase-ve, raionis afxazuri administraciis erToblivi zrunvis Sedegad jandacvis sistema garkveulwilad SenarCune-bulia qalaq galSi da ramdenime dasaxlebul punqtSi. ar hyofniT eqimebi, centralur raionul saavadmyofoSi ver xerxdeba martivi qirurgiuli operaciebis Catareba.

araordinarul pirobebSi cxovrebis gamo mosaxleo-baSi masobrivad aris gavrcelebuli tuberkulozi, Sa-qriani diabeti, asTma, gul-sisxlZarRvTa, filtvebis, nervuli sistemis daavadebebi, Zalze maRalia qalTa daa-vadebebis xvedriTi wili, gansakuTrebiT mZimea CvilTa da mozardTa janmrTelobis riskebi, ukiduresad maRalia sikvdilianoba.

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galis raionSi ar vrceldeba soxumsa da TbilisSi gamo-cemuli gazeTebi, realurad mosaxleoba mowyvetilia gare samyaros.

galSi kadrebis deficitis (rusul da afxazur enaze moTxovna ar arsebobs) gamo adgilobrivi gazeTi ar ga-modis.

galis raionSi ar aris politikuri partiebis, samoqa-laqo moZraobis filialebi, akrZalulia politikuri sa-qmianoba, mosaxleoba imyofeba Sida izolaciaSi, moculia apaTiiT, maTi erTaderTi sazrunavia yoveldRiuri brZo-la fizikuri gadarCenisTvis.

galis raionSi ar aris moqmedi eklesia, amitom sulieri da religiuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad mosax-leobis nawili (monaTlos bavSvebi, miiRos ziareba, gadai-xados paraklisi da ase Semdeg) iZulebulia gaemgzavros qalaq zugdidSi an oCamCiris raionSi.

mdgomareoba metad mZimea, galis raioni gadaqceulia ufleba ayril adamianTa rezervaciad.

amasve, adasturebda 1994 wlis 6 dekembris euTos bu-dapeStis samitze miRebuli dokumenti afxazeTSi geno-cidisa da eTnikuri wmendis Sesaxeb, upiratesad qarTuli mosaxleobis mimarT. igive daskvna ufro kategoriulad ganmeorda euTos lisabonis 1996 wlis da stambulis 1999 noembris samitebze.

da yovelive es xdeba msoflios uZlieresi qveynebis, Tvalwin.

swored amiT aris ganpirobebuli, albaT, rom Tavis bedsa da samSoblos momavalze mofiqrali galelebisgan gasaocar, goniT Znelad misawvdom ambebsac gaigoneb xol-me. uZlurebisgan sasowarkveTil adamianebs miaCniaT, rom msoflios ganagebs ara saerTaSoriso gaerTianebebi da msoflio Tanamegobroba, aramed usaSvelod mdidari ram-denime kaci, romlebic drodadro finjan yavasTan moiy-

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rian Tavs da civi angariSiT wyveten yvelas da TiToeulis beds; anawileben planetis didi da patara qveynebis teri-toriebs da maT bunebriv resursebs, ganageben msoflio bazrebs, adgenen saqonlisa da momsaxurebis fasebs, mosax-leTa raodenobas da Semadgenlobas, mdidarTa da RaribTa Tanafardobas, umuSevarTa optimalur odenobas, ekono-mikuri saqmianobisgan mogebisa da wilebis normebs; Tavi-suflebis mxardaWeris Zveli lozungiT („demokratiuli` ajanyebebis mxardaWera) Tu uxeSi Zalis CareviT niSnaven da aTavisufleben saxelmwifoTa meTaurebs, awyoben revo-luciebs da kontrevoluciebs, saxelmwifoTa Tu xalxebs Soris did Tu patara omebsa da konfliqtebs, raTa kidev ufro gaamravlon TavianTi simdidre da Zalaufleba, ze-gavlena mTel msoflioze. maTi Zalaa fuli, sxvaTa Zarc-viT naSovni oqros sawyobebi, rasac arasdros Seelevian da aravis aziareben. maTive xelSia yvelaze Zlieri SeiaraRe-buli Zalebi da uSiSroebis samsaxurebi, radio, gazeTi da Jurnali, televizia, internetis msoflio qseli, sicruisa da demagogiis yvelaze daxvewili saSualebebi. maTive xel-Sia narkotikebis warmoeba da ganawileba, teroristebis SerCevis, gamozrdisa da gamoyenebis meqanizmebi, garTobi-sa da siamovnebis yovelgvari wyaro, adamianuri Tu satan-uri codvis Tu cTunebis yvela Zveli Tu axali gamogoneba. eseni XXI saukunis batonebia, globaluri msoflios gamge-blebi, sxva yvela ki maTi vasali da monaa.

gaawyobs ki rames saqarTvelosTana patara qveyana am gveleSapebTan dapirispirebaSi, romelTa gareSe arc afxa-zeTSi momxdara ZmaTamkvleli omi da sayovelTao ubedu-reba, naRvlianad da uimedod kiTxuloben devnilebi da ad-vili ar aris gadaarwmuno isini.

rogorc eSmas saerTaSoriso dokumentidan Cans, afxa-zeTSi araferi Secvlila. ufro metic, misiis dabrunebi-dan ramdenime dReSi Wuburxinjis oTxmxriv Sexvedraze

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ruseTis samSvidobo Zalebis sardalma general sidore-viCma aRniSna, rom ganvlili naxevari wlis ganmavlobaSi konfliqtis zonaSi moxda 39 mkvleloba, gamosasyidis mi-Rebis mizniT gatacebis _1�, yaCaRobis _ 42 faqti, cecxl-sasroli iaraRiT incidentis 52 SemTxveva, naRmze afeTqe-biT daiRupa 6 kaci, mZevlad ayvanilia 16 adamiani.

aseTia eSmas daskvna, Tumca eSma konfliqtis mxareebs erToblivi Zalisxmevisken mouwodebs da SeTanxmebis miR-wevis SemTxvevaSi raionis socialuri da ekonomikuri reabilitaciis mravali milioni dolaris Rirebulebis proeqts sTavazobs.

zemoaRniSnuli zRvaSi wveTia imasTan SedarebiT, rac realurad xdeba galis raionSi, afxazeTSi da romelTa moTmena da wayrueba, sxva Tu ara, sircxvilia Tavmoyvare erisa da saxelmwifosTvis.

sazogadoeba moelis, rom eSmas daskvnas Jenevis forma-tis farglebSi, aseve gaeroSi mohyveba adekvaturi samarT-lebrivi da politikuri Sefaseba, Cveni xelisuflebis jerovani reagireba.

Jurnali `riwa,~